Conical spiral crusher
By designing a cone screw grinder containing a cone screw and a differential rotating grinder head, the problems of uneven particle size distribution and high energy consumption in the recovery of polyurethane foam are solved, and uniform particle size distribution and efficient recovery of polyurethane powder are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421846101.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Traditional spiral crushers have single discontinuous grinding in polyurethane foam recycling, difficulty in achieving ideal particle size distribution, frequent repeated operations lead to high energy consumption and production costs, and may introduce impurities to affect product quality.
A cone screw crusher is designed, including a casing, a cone screw, a grinding piece and a head protective sleeve. The material is crushed through the first grinding area formed between the cone screw and the inner wall of the crushing chamber, and further refined by the second grinding area formed by the differential rotation between the grinding head and the head protective sleeve to realize continuous powdering of the material.
The uniform particle size distribution of polyurethane powder is achieved, energy consumption and cost are reduced, recycling efficiency and product quality are improved, and the complexity of subsequent processing is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN223027479U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of conical spiral pulverizers, and more specifically to a conical spiral pulverizer. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid development of global materials science and technology, polyurethane materials, as a high-performance polymer material, have been increasingly widely used in many fields such as building insulation, automobile manufacturing, furniture production, cold chain transportation, etc. due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and wide application potential. However, this widespread application trend is also accompanied by a significant increase in the use and waste of polyurethane materials, which has brought considerable pressure and challenges to the environment. Therefore, the effective recovery and reuse of polyurethane foam has become one of the key issues that need to be urgently addressed in the current field of polymer recycling.
[0003] In the traditional method of polyurethane foam recycling, spiral crusher is a common pretreatment equipment. Although it can achieve the initial crushing of materials to a certain extent, its limitations are becoming increasingly prominent. Specifically, traditional spiral crushers can often only perform single, non-continuous grinding treatments, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal particle size distribution requirements within one operation cycle, which directly leads to the need for frequent repeated grinding during the recycling process. This not only greatly increases energy consumption and production costs, but also the impurities and unevenness that may be introduced due to repeated treatments affect the quality and stability of the final recycled product. Secondly, the need for repeated operations also leads to the current polyurethane foam recycling methods being inefficient and uneven in continuous powder production. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a conical spiral pulverizer, which can realize continuous pulverization of materials, has high recovery efficiency, and produces polyurethane powder with uniform particle size distribution and low energy consumption.
[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is as follows: A conical spiral crusher comprises: a conical spiral crushing mechanism, which comprises a casing, a conical screw, a grinding piece and a head protective cover; the casing is hollow inside to form a crushing chamber, the grinding piece comprises a transmission part and a grinding head fixedly connected to the transmission part, the conical screw is nested on the transmission part, a first grinding area is formed between the conical screw and the inner wall of the crushing chamber, the conical screw can rotate in the crushing chamber so that the material is crushed in the first grinding area; the head protective cover is sleeved on the grinding head, a second grinding area connected to the first grinding area is formed between the head protective cover and the grinding head, and the grinding head and the head protective cover rotate at differential speeds with each other.
[0006] Further, at the upper part of one end of the casing away from the head protective cover, a feeding port is provided, and the feeding port is communicated with the first grinding area. A discharging port is provided on the end face of the head protective cover, and the discharging port is communicated with the second grinding area.
[0007] Further, it further includes a frame, a first motor and a second motor arranged on the frame. The first motor is connected to the conical screw through a transmission device. The output end of the second motor is connected to the grinding member. A third motor is provided on the casing, and the third motor is connected to the head protective cover through a transmission device.
[0008] Further, a water cooling cavity surrounding the outer periphery of the crushing cavity is provided inside the casing, and the water cooling cavity is used for cold water to flow through.
[0009] Further, the grinding head is conical, and a plurality of annular protrusions for grinding materials are provided on the outer surface of the grinding head.
[0010] Further, a plurality of pins matching with the annular protrusions are provided on the inner wall of the head protective cover, and the pins and the annular protrusions are arranged in a staggered manner.
[0011] Further, a plurality of annular holes are provided inside the head protective cover, and the plurality of annular holes are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis of the head protective cover. The plurality of annular holes are used for cold water to flow through.
[0012] Further, the conical screw is one of a conical single screw with single - start thread or multi - start thread, and a conical double screw.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the present utility model according to the above solution are as follows: A conical screw crusher provided by an embodiment of the present utility model includes a conical screw crushing mechanism, and the conical screw crushing mechanism includes a machine shell, a conical screw, a grinding member, and a head protection sleeve; the interior of the machine shell is hollow to form a crushing chamber, the grinding member includes a transmission part and a grinding head fixedly connected to the transmission part, the conical screw is nested on the transmission part, and a first grinding area is formed between the conical screw and the inner wall of the crushing chamber. The conical screw can rotate in the crushing chamber so that the material is crushed in the first grinding area; by controlling the rotation speed of the conical screw, the grinding speed of the first grinding area can be controlled, thereby crushing the material entering the first grinding area. Secondly, the head protection sleeve is sleeved on the grinding head, and a second grinding area communicating with the first grinding area is formed between the head protection sleeve and the grinding head. The grinding head and the head protection sleeve rotate at different speeds relative to each other. When the crushed material flows from the first grinding area into the second grinding area, the grinding head and the head protection sleeve rotate at different speeds relative to each other. Through differential grinding, the control of the particle size distribution of the material can be achieved in one operation according to the material characteristics and particle size requirements, without repeated operations, thereby reducing energy consumption and costs. It can not only achieve efficient and energy-saving grinding, but also effectively improve the convenience of subsequent processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0015] Figure 1 Schematic perspective view of the conical screw crusher in the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 Front view of the conical screw crusher in the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0017] Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the conical screw crushing mechanism in the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0018] Figure 4 For Figure 3 Partial enlarged schematic view of A;
[0019] Figure 5 Schematic structural view of the conical screw in the embodiment of the present utility model.
[0020] In the figure, 1 is a conical spiral crushing mechanism; 11 is a casing; 111 is a feed inlet; 112 is a water-cooling cavity; 12 is a conical screw; 13 is a grinding member; 131 is a transmission part; 132 is a grinding head; 1321 is an annular convex part; 14 is a head protective sleeve; 141 is a discharge port; 142 is a pin; 143 is an annular hole; 2 is a first grinding area; 3 is a second grinding area; 4 is a frame; 5 is a first motor; 6 is a second motor; 7 is a transmission device; 8 is a third motor. Specific Embodiment
[0021] The following further describes in detail the embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The detailed description and drawings of the following embodiments are used to exemplarily illustrate the principle of the present utility model, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present utility model, that is, the present utility model is not limited to the described embodiments.
[0022] For a better understanding of the present utility model, the following further describes the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
[0023] See Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a conical spiral crusher, including a conical spiral crushing mechanism 1, and the conical spiral crushing mechanism 1 includes a casing 11, a conical screw 12, a grinding member 13 and a head protective sleeve 14; the inside of the casing 11 is hollow to form a crushing cavity, the grinding member 13 includes a transmission part 131 and a grinding head 132 fixedly connected to the transmission part 131, the conical screw 12 is nested on the transmission part 131, and a first grinding area 2 is formed between the conical screw 12 and the inner wall of the crushing cavity, and the conical screw 12 can rotate in the crushing cavity so that the material is crushed in the first grinding area 2; by controlling the rotation speed of the conical screw 12, the grinding speed of the first grinding area 2 can be controlled, so as to crush the material entering the first grinding area 2. Specifically, when the conical screw 12 rotates in the crushing cavity, its spiral shape and conical design cause the material to be simultaneously subjected to extrusion and shear forces in the axial and radial directions. The extrusion effect reduces the gaps between the material particles and between the material and the inner wall of the crushing cavity, thereby increasing the interaction force between the particles. The shear effect generates shear stress inside the material through the rotational movement of the conical screw 12, causing the material particles to break and fragment. Secondly, the rotation of the conical screw 12 not only realizes the crushing of the material, but also plays a role in material transportation and mixing. As the conical screw 12 rotates, the material is continuously pushed forward, transported from one end of the first grinding area 2 to the other end. At the same time, due to the spiral shape and rotational movement of the conical screw 12, the material is also mixed during the transportation process, enabling the materials in different regions to uniformly contact and break, improving the crushing effect.
[0024] In this embodiment, the head protective sleeve 14 is sleeved on the grinding head 132. A second grinding area 3 communicating with the first grinding area 2 is formed between the head protective sleeve 14 and the grinding head 132. The grinding head 132 and the head protective sleeve 14 rotate at different speeds relative to each other. When the crushed material flows from the first grinding area 2 into the second grinding area 3, the grinding head 132 and the head protective sleeve 14 rotate at different speeds relative to each other. Through differential grinding, the control of the particle size distribution of the material can be achieved in one operation according to the material characteristics and particle size requirements, without repeated operations, thereby reducing energy consumption and costs. It can not only achieve efficient and energy-saving grinding, but also effectively improve the convenience of subsequent processing.
[0025] When the crushed material flows from the first grinding area 2 into the second grinding area 3, the differential rotation between the grinding head 132 and the head protective sleeve 14 provides grinding power for the material. The shearing, friction and extrusion effects generated by this differential rotation further refine the material in the second grinding area 3. Since the differential rotation can be adjusted according to the material characteristics and particle size requirements, precise control of the particle size distribution of the material can be achieved. This control not only improves the uniformity and consistency of the product, but also reduces subsequent processing problems caused by uneven particle sizes.
[0026] See Figure 1 As shown, at the upper part of one end of the machine shell 11 away from the head protective sleeve 14, a feed inlet 111 is provided. Such a design is conducive to the smooth input of the material. The material directly enters the first grinding area 2 through the feed inlet 111, reducing the resistance and accumulation of the material during the input process, ensuring the smoothness of the material flow. At the same time, since the feed inlet 111 is directly connected to the first grinding area 2, the material can be quickly captured by the conical screw 12 and the grinding process starts, improving the grinding efficiency. After the material enters the first grinding area 2 from the feed inlet 111, it is subjected to mechanical actions such as extrusion and shearing by the conical screw 12. As the conical screw 12 rotates, the material is gradually pushed towards the direction of the head protective sleeve 14 and is continuously refined during this process. When the material enters the second grinding area 3, due to the differential rotation between the grinding head 132 and the head protective sleeve 14, the material is again subjected to strong grinding and is further refined to the required particle size. This continuous and efficient grinding process ensures that the material is fully ground in a limited space. In this embodiment, the discharge port 141 is provided on the end face of the head protective sleeve 14 and is connected to the second grinding area 3. Such a design enables the material that has been ground twice to be directly discharged from the discharge port 141, reducing the residence time of the material in the equipment.
[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the conical screw crusher provided by the embodiment of the present utility model further includes a frame 4, a first motor 5 and a second motor 6 disposed on the frame 4. The first motor 5 is connected to the conical screw 12 through a transmission device 7. The output end of the second motor 6 is connected to the grinding member 13. A third motor 8 is disposed on the casing 11, and the third motor 8 is connected to the head protection sleeve 14 through a transmission device 7. In this embodiment, the conical screw 12, the grinding member 13 and the head protection sleeve 14 are respectively driven by the first motor 5, the second motor 6 and the third motor 8, realizing the independence of power distribution. Since the power sources are independent, the rotational speeds and powers of each component can be adjusted as needed, so that the conical screw 12, the grinding member 13 and the head protection sleeve 14 rotate at different speeds. The shear force generated by the differential rotation can tear the material particles, which helps to further grind and refine the material particles, improving the crushing efficiency and shortening the production cycle of the polyurethane foam powder.
[0028] See Figure 3 As shown in the figure, a water cooling cavity 112 surrounding the outer periphery of the crushing cavity is provided inside the casing 11, and the water cooling cavity 112 is used for cold water to flow through. In this embodiment, a water cooling device is provided outside the conical screw crushing mechanism 1, and the water delivery pipe of the water cooling device is communicated with the water cooling cavity 112. When the conical screw crushing mechanism 1 works, cold water enters the water cooling cavity 112 through the water delivery pipe, and then flows back to the water cooling device through the water delivery pipe, thus ensuring the stability of the working temperature of the conical screw crushing mechanism 1. The cold water enters the water cooling cavity 112 surrounding the outer periphery of the crushing cavity through the water delivery pipe, and this process forms convective heat transfer. As the cold water flows in the water cooling cavity 112, the cold water absorbs the heat generated when the conical screw crushing mechanism 1 works, thereby realizing the direct cooling of the conical screw crushing mechanism 1 and effectively preventing the performance degradation or equipment damage of the conical screw crushing mechanism 1 caused by overheating.
[0029] See Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the grinding head 132 is conical, and a plurality of annular protrusions 1321 for grinding materials are provided on the outer surface of the grinding head 132. In this embodiment, the grinding head 132 is fixedly installed at one end of the transmission part 131, and the other end of the transmission part 131 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 6. The larger end of the grinding head 132 faces the conical screw 12. By independently controlling the rotation speed of the grinding head 132 by the second motor, the grinding head 132 and the head protection sleeve 14 form a differential rotation, effectively improving the powder making efficiency.
[0030] See Figure 4As shown, a plurality of pins 142 are provided on the inner wall of the machine head protective sleeve 14 and are adapted to the annular convex portion 1321, and the pins 142 and the annular convex portion 1321 are arranged in a staggered manner. In this embodiment, the machine head protective sleeve 14 is connected to the machine shell 11 through a bearing. The inner ring of the bearing is fixed in the crushing cavity of the machine shell 11, and the outer ring is connected to the machine head protective sleeve 14. The machine head protective sleeve 14 is independently controlled to rotate by the third motor 8 through the transmission device 7, so that the rotation direction of the machine head protective sleeve 14 is opposite to that of the grinding machine head 132. A second grinding area 3 is reserved between the assembled grinding machine head 132 and the machine head protective sleeve 14. In this embodiment, the transmission device 7 is a transmission belt. Of course, the transmission device 7 can also be other mechanisms with a transmission function in the prior art, and the present invention does not make specific limitations.
[0031] See Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of annular holes 143 are provided in the machine head protective sleeve 14, and the plurality of annular holes 143 are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis of the machine head protective sleeve 14. Such a design ensures the uniformity of cooling. The annular holes 143 serve as channels for cold water to flow through, enabling cold water to smoothly flow through the inside of the machine head protective sleeve 14 to cool the machine head protective sleeve 14. In this embodiment, the water delivery pipe of the water cooling device is connected to the annular holes 143. The water delivery pipe transports cold water from the water cooling device into the machine head protective sleeve 14. The annular holes 143 serve as the distribution and flow path of cold water to ensure that cold water can evenly cover all parts of the machine head. When the cold water flows through the annular holes 143, the cold water absorbs the heat generated by the machine head and takes it away, and then returns to the water cooling device through the return pipe for recycling.
[0032] In this embodiment, the conical screw 12 is one of a conical single screw with single-start threads or multi-start threads, and a conical twin screw.
[0033] It should be noted that the materials in the embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyurethane foam, and may also be other materials similar to polyurethane foam that need to be ground into powder.
[0034] For further explanation, the embodiments of the present invention also provide the working process of the conical screw grinder, which is specifically as follows:
[0035] First, the speed of the conical screw 12 is set to 40r / min, the speed of the grinding head 132 is set to 200r / min, and the speed of the head protective cover 14 is set to 40r / min. Then, the polyurethane foam (soft foam, hard foam) is placed in the feed port 111 after the metal impurities are removed by magnetic separation. The polyurethane foam enters the first grinding area 2 from the feed port 111. The conical screw 12 rotates in the pulverizing chamber. Its spiral shape and conical design make the polyurethane foam subject to extrusion and shear force in the axial and radial directions at the same time. The extrusion effect reduces the gap between the polyurethane foams and between the polyurethane foams and the inner wall of the pulverizing chamber, thereby increasing The interaction force between the particles and the shear stress generated inside the polyurethane foam cause the polyurethane foam to break and crush. After one grinding in the first grinding zone 2, the polyurethane foam is pushed to the grinding head 132 by the conical screw 12, and then the second grinding zone 3 reserved between the grinding head 132 and the head protective cover 14 is used for secondary grinding. The polyurethane powder obtained after grinding is discharged through the discharge port 141. The 80-mesh screening rate of the polyurethane micropowder discharged through the discharge port 141 can reach 80%. It can be seen that the conical spiral pulverizer provided in the embodiment of the utility model can realize low-particle continuous pulverizing of polyurethane powder.
[0036] It should be noted that the conical spiral pulverizer provided in the embodiment of the utility model can meet the requirements of pulverizing different materials and preparing particles with different particle sizes by adjusting the type and rotation speed of the conical screw 12, the grinding head 132 and the head protection cover 14.
[0037] It should be noted that the indicated orientation or position relationship is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the application product is usually placed when used, or is the orientation or position relationship commonly understood by technical personnel in this field, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the application product is usually placed when used. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0038] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the utility model.
[0039] The above is an exemplary description of the utility model patent in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the implementation of the utility model patent is not limited to the above-mentioned method. As long as various improvements are made by adopting the method concept and technical solution of the utility model patent, or the concept and technical solution of the utility model patent are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A conical spiral pulverizer, characterized in that: include: A conical spiral pulverizing mechanism (1), the conical spiral pulverizing mechanism (1) comprising a housing (11), a conical screw (12), a grinding element (13) and a head protective cover (14); the housing (11) is hollow inside to form a pulverizing chamber, the grinding element (13) comprises a transmission part (131) and a grinding head (132) fixedly connected to the transmission part (131), the conical screw (12) is nested on the transmission part (131), and the conical screw (12) and the pulverizing chamber are connected to each other. A first grinding zone (2) is formed between the inner walls, and the conical screw (12) can rotate in the pulverizing chamber so that the material is pulverized in the first grinding zone (2); the head protection cover (14) is sleeved on the grinding head (132), and a second grinding zone (3) connected to the first grinding zone (2) is formed between the head protection cover (14) and the grinding head (132), and the grinding head (132) and the head protection cover (14) rotate at a differential speed with respect to each other.
2. A conical spiral pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inlet (111) is provided at the upper portion of one end of the housing (11) away from the head protection cover (14), and the inlet (111) is connected to the first grinding area (2); an outlet (141) is provided on the end surface of the head protection cover (14), and the outlet (141) is connected to the second grinding area (3).
3. A conical spiral pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a frame (4), a first motor (5) and a second motor (6) arranged on the frame (4), wherein the first motor (5) is connected to the conical screw (12) via a transmission device (7), an output end of the second motor (6) is connected to the grinding member (13), and a third motor (8) is arranged on the housing (11), and the third motor (8) is connected to the head protection cover (14) via the transmission device (7).
4. A conical spiral pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water cooling chamber (112) is provided in the casing (11) and is arranged around the outer periphery of the pulverizing chamber. The water cooling chamber (112) is used for cold water to flow through.
5. A conical spiral pulverizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding head (132) is conical in shape, and the outer surface of the grinding head (132) is provided with a plurality of annular protrusions (1321) for grinding materials.
6. A conical spiral pulverizer as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the machine head protective cover (14) is provided with a plurality of pins (142) matching with the annular protrusion (1321), and the pins (142) and the annular protrusion (1321) are arranged in a staggered manner.
7. A conical spiral pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of annular holes (143) are arranged in the machine head protection cover (14), and the plurality of annular holes (143) are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis of the machine head protection cover (14), and the plurality of annular holes (143) are used for cold water to flow through.
8. A conical spiral pulverizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The conical screw (12) is a conical single screw or a conical twin screw having a single-start thread or multiple-start threads.