Closed passive containment heat export system and nuclear reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a closed passive containment heat export system and nuclear reactor, wherein the closed passive containment heat export system comprises: a circulation pipeline and a pressure accumulation assembly, the circulation pipeline is used for liquid first heat exchange medium natural flow heat exchange to export the heat in the containment to the outside of the containment, and the pressure accumulation assembly is used for storing the heat in the containment. The pressure storage assembly is used for improving the flowing efficiency of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline, so that the flowing rate of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline is higher, the heat exporting rate of the closed passive containment heat exporting system is higher, and the probability of overtemperature and overpressure in the containment is reduced. The device is applied to the technical field of nuclear reactor passive safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of passive safety technology of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a closed passive containment heat removal system and a nuclear reactor. Background Art

[0002] The containment is the last barrier to prevent the release of radioactive substances in nuclear power plants, and ensuring the structural integrity of the containment is crucial during the design and operation of nuclear power plants. Currently, most nuclear power plants are equipped with an active containment spray system to cool down and depressurize the high-temperature gas inside the containment under accident conditions. However, the active containment spray system requires power supply from the in-plant power supply or emergency power supply. Once the power supply is lost, over-temperature and over-pressure will occur, threatening the integrity of the containment.

[0003] To reduce the dependence on off-site power while ensuring the integrity of the containment, the third-generation nuclear power technology has introduced a passive containment heat removal system, which can remove the heat inside the containment under accident conditions without external power supply. However, the existing passive containment heat removal system relies entirely on natural circulation for driving, and the startup process is relatively slow, resulting in a high risk of over-temperature and over-pressure inside the containment at the initial stage of the accident, which may cause radioactive substance leakage. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The utility model aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, the utility model provides a closed passive containment heat removal system, which can improve the self-circulation startup speed.

[0005] A nuclear reactor with the above-mentioned closed passive containment heat removal system is also provided.

[0006] The closed passive containment heat removal system according to the first aspect embodiment of the utility model includes:

[0007] A circulation pipeline for allowing a liquid first heat exchange medium to circulate naturally. The circulation pipeline includes an inner pipeline for heat exchange inside the containment and an outer pipeline for heat exchange outside the containment. The outer pipeline is connected to the inner pipeline to form a closed loop.

[0008] A pressure accumulation assembly including a pressure accumulation tank for heat exchange inside the containment, a connecting pipeline connecting the pressure accumulation tank and the circulation pipeline, and a first control valve provided on the connecting pipeline. The pressure accumulation tank is used to accommodate a liquid second heat exchange medium.

[0009] Wherein, the first control valve is configured to: when the pressure in the pressure accumulation tank is less than or equal to a first preset value, keep the open state, and the pressure accumulation tank is connected to the circulation pipeline; when the pressure in the pressure accumulation tank is lower than the first preset value, keep the closed state, and the pressure accumulation tank disconnects the circulation pipeline.

[0010] According to the closed passive containment heat export system of the first aspect embodiment of the present utility model, it has at least the following beneficial effects: when the temperature inside the containment increases, the accumulator absorbs the heat inside the containment, and a part of the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator is heated and evaporated, increasing the pressure in the accumulator. When the pressure reaches the first preset value, the first control valve opens, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator rushes into the circulation pipeline under the action of the pressure, and increases the flow rate of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline, so that the first heat exchange medium can more quickly export the heat inside the containment outside the containment. By increasing the starting flow rate of the first heat exchange medium, the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchange medium is further improved to effectively reduce the temperature inside the containment; when the temperature inside the containment drops below the preset temperature, the first control valve closes, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator no longer accelerates the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline, and the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline can operate normally.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the inner pipeline includes a first pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow in and a second pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow out, and the connecting pipeline is connected to the first pipeline, and / or, the connecting pipeline is connected to the second pipeline.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the accumulator assembly further includes a second control valve. The connecting pipeline includes a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline. The first branch pipeline is connected to the first pipeline, the first control valve is arranged on the first branch pipeline, the second branch pipeline is connected to the second pipeline, and the second control valve is arranged on the second branch pipeline;

[0013] Wherein, the second control valve is configured to: keep the open state when the pressure in the accumulator is higher than or equal to the second preset value; keep the closed state when the pressure in the accumulator is lower than the second preset value.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the circulation pipeline further includes a check valve group for restricting the first heat exchange medium to circulate along a preset flow direction.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the check valve group includes a first check valve and a second check valve. The inner pipeline includes a first pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow in and a second pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow out. The first check valve is arranged on the first pipeline, and the second check valve is arranged on the second pipeline.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the communication pipeline communicates with the first pipeline and has a first communication position, and the first check valve and the first communication position are distributed in sequence along the preset flow direction; and / or, the communication pipeline communicates with the second pipeline and has a second communication position, and the communication position where the communication pipeline communicates with the second pipeline and the second check valve are distributed in sequence along the preset flow direction.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the accumulator tank includes a main tank part and a heat exchange part provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main tank part, and the heat exchange part is used to enhance the heat exchange effect.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the closed passive containment heat removal system further includes: an expansion tank, which communicates with the outer pipeline and is used to adjust the pressure of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the closed passive containment heat removal system further includes: a cooling assembly, the outer pipeline can perform heat exchange with the cooling assembly and has an outer heat exchange position, the inner pipeline has an inner heat exchange position for performing heat exchange inside the containment, and the outer heat exchange position is higher than the inner heat exchange position.

[0020] A nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present utility model includes:

[0021] A reactor core;

[0022] A containment, covering the reactor core;

[0023] The closed passive containment heat removal system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present utility model is used to export the heat of the reactor core inside the containment to the outside of the containment.

[0024] The nuclear reactor according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: the start-up of the closed passive containment heat removal system is faster, the heat removal efficiency of the reactor core is higher, and it is more conducive to the safety and stability of the reactor core.

[0025] The additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will be partially given in the following description, partially will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present utility model. Description of the Drawings

[0026] The following further describes the present utility model in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, where:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a closed passive containment heat removal system according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Reference numerals of the attached drawings:

[0029] Circulation pipeline 100; outer pipeline 110; inner pipeline 120; first pipeline 121; second pipeline 122; heat exchange pipeline 123; check valve group 130; first check valve 131; second check valve 132;

[0030] Pressure accumulation assembly 200; pressure accumulation tank 210; connecting pipeline 220; main pipeline 221; first branch pipeline 222; second branch pipeline 223; first control valve 230; second control valve 240;

[0031] Expansion tank 300; tank body 310; exhaust valve 320;

[0032] Cooling assembly 400;

[0033] Containment 1000. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the attached drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the attached drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0035] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as up and down, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the attached drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0036] In the description of the present utility model, several refers to one and more than one, and multiple refers to two and more than two. If there is a description of first and second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0037] In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present utility model in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0038] It should be noted that natural circulation refers to the following process: a vertical pipe is filled with liquid. Part of the liquid at the bottom of the pipe is heated to form heated liquid, and the other part forms cold liquid. The density of the heated liquid is greater than that of the cold liquid. The heated liquid will automatically rise to the top of the vertical pipe, and the cold liquid will automatically descend to the bottom of the vertical pipe. The process of the position exchange between the heated liquid and the cold liquid is called natural circulation. If the vertical pipe is replaced by a circulation pipeline, natural circulation flow is formed, the heated liquid automatically rises to the top of the circulation pipeline, and the cold liquid automatically descends to the bottom of the circulation pipeline.

[0039] In the related art, since natural circulation can transfer the heated liquid and the cold liquid without external energy supply (such as a storage battery), it is more reliable and safer to use. However, the entire circulation process of natural circulation is relatively slow. Under accident conditions, the heating rate in the containment 1000 is relatively fast, and the heat transfer rate at the initial stage of natural circulation is lower than the heating rate in the containment 1000, resulting in the continuous increase of the temperature in the containment 1000 at the initial stage of the accident. There is a high risk of over-temperature and over-pressure in the containment 1000, which may cause radioactive substance leakage and pose a great safety risk.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a closed passive containment heat transfer system, including: a circulation pipeline 100 and a pressure accumulation component 200. The circulation pipeline 100 is used for natural circulation heat transfer of the liquid first heat transfer medium to transfer the heat in the containment 1000 to the outside of the containment 1000. The pressure accumulation component 200 is used to improve the flow efficiency of the first heat transfer medium in the circulation pipeline 100, so that the flow rate of the first heat transfer medium in the circulation pipeline 100 is faster, and further the heat transfer rate of the closed passive containment heat transfer system is higher, reducing the probability of over-temperature and over-pressure in the containment 1000.

[0041] In this embodiment, the circulation pipeline 100 is used to supply the liquid first heat exchange medium to circulate naturally. The circulation pipeline 100 includes an inner pipeline 120 for heat exchange inside the containment 1000 and an outer pipeline 110 for heat exchange outside the containment 1000. The outer pipeline 110 is connected to the inner pipeline 120 to form a closed loop. Among them, both the outer pipeline 110 and the inner pipeline 120 are arranged vertically. The top end of the outer pipeline 110 is connected to the top end of the inner pipeline 120, and the bottom end of the outer pipeline 110 is connected to the bottom end of the inner pipeline 120 to form a closed loop, also known as the circulation pipeline 100. Based on the natural circulation characteristics of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100: the heated liquid rises and the low-temperature liquid descends. Therefore, the top end of the inner pipeline 120 is set to be lower than or equal to the top end of the outer pipeline 110, so that the heated liquid in the inner pipeline 120 can quickly rise into the outer pipeline 110; the bottom end of the inner pipeline 120 is set to be lower than or equal to the top end of the outer pipeline 110, so that the low-temperature liquid in the outer pipeline 110 can quickly descend into the inner pipeline 120, realizing the natural circulation flow of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100. In addition, the outer pipeline 110 and the inner pipeline 120 can be arranged vertically along the direction perpendicular to the ground, or can be arranged obliquely upward at a certain angle to the ground.

[0042] The pressure accumulation component 200 includes a pressure accumulation tank 210 for heat exchange inside the containment 1000, a connecting pipe 220 connecting the pressure accumulation tank 210 and the circulation pipeline 100, and a first control valve 230 provided on the connecting pipe 220. The pressure accumulation tank 210 is used to accommodate the liquid second heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange medium can be the same as or different from the first heat exchange medium; the pressure accumulation tank 210 exchanges heat with the inside of the containment 1000. When the temperature inside the containment 1000 rises, part of the second heat exchange medium in the pressure accumulation tank 210 is heated and evaporated, so that the air pressure in the pressure accumulation tank 210 increases. The change in air pressure causes a pressure difference on both sides of the first control valve 230, and the pressure in the pressure accumulation tank 210 is greater than the pressure in the circulation pipeline 100.

[0043] Among them, the first control valve 230 is configured to: when the pressure in the accumulator 210 is higher than or equal to the first preset value, remain open, and the accumulator 210 is connected to the circulation pipeline 100; when the pressure in the accumulator 210 is lower than the first preset value, remain closed, and the accumulator 210 is disconnected from the circulation pipeline 100. When the pressure in the accumulator 210 continues to increase, such that the pressure in the accumulator 210 is higher than or equal to the first preset value, and the pressure difference across the first control valve 230 reaches the preset pressure difference value of the first control valve 230, at this time, the first control valve 230 is opened under the action of the pressure in the accumulator 210, and the liquid second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 flushes into the circulation pipeline 100 through the connecting pipeline 220. Affected by the pressure of the first preset value in the accumulator 210, the speed of the second heat exchange medium is relatively fast, and the second heat exchange medium will drive the first heat exchange medium to accelerate the flow at a fast rate, increasing the flow rate of the first heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency. Specifically, the first control valve 230 is a back pressure valve.

[0044] Overall, in the accident condition, when the temperature in the containment 1000 rises, the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 naturally circulates. At the same time, the accumulator 210 absorbs the heat in the containment 1000, and a part of the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 is heated and evaporated, increasing the pressure in the accumulator 210. When the pressure reaches the first preset value, the first control valve 230 is opened, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 flushes into the circulation pipeline 100 under the action of the pressure, and increases the flow rate of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100, enabling the first heat exchange medium to more quickly conduct the heat in the containment 1000 out of the containment 1000. By increasing the starting flow rate of the first heat exchange medium, the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchange medium is further improved to effectively reduce the temperature in the containment 1000; when the temperature in the containment 1000 drops below the preset temperature, the first control valve 230 is closed, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 no longer accelerates the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100, and the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 can operate normally.

[0045] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the inner pipeline 120 includes a first pipeline 121 for the first heat exchange medium to flow in and a second pipeline 122 for the first heat exchange medium to flow out, and the connecting pipeline 220 is connected to the first pipeline 121, and / or, the connecting pipeline 220 is connected to the second pipeline 122.

[0046] In this embodiment, the connecting pipeline 220 can be connected to the first pipeline 121, or to the second pipeline 122, or to both the first pipeline 121 and the second pipeline 122 simultaneously. When the connecting pipeline 220 is connected to both the first pipeline 121 and the second pipeline 122, the second heat exchange medium can accelerate the first heat exchange medium at different positions in the circulation pipeline, making the overall flow rate of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline higher. Specifically, the connecting pipeline 220 includes a main pipeline 221, a first branch pipeline 222, and a second branch pipeline 223. The first branch pipeline 222 connects the main pipeline 221 and the first pipeline 121, and the second branch pipeline 223 connects the main pipeline 221 and the second pipeline 122. A first control valve 230 is provided in the main pipeline 221 to control the connection between the main pipeline 221, the first pipeline 121, and the second pipeline 122. In addition, the connection positions between the connecting pipeline 220 and the first pipeline 121 can be multiple, and the connection positions between the connecting pipeline 220 and the second pipeline 122 can also be multiple.

[0047] As another implementation manner, it can also be that the pressure accumulator 210 is provided inside the containment vessel 1000, and the connecting pipeline 220 extends out of the containment vessel 1000 and is connected to the top of the external pipeline 110.

[0048] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the pressure accumulation assembly 200 further includes a second control valve 240. The connecting pipeline 220 includes a first branch pipeline 222 and a second branch pipeline 223. The first branch pipeline 222 is connected to the first pipeline 121, and a first control valve 230 is provided in the first branch pipeline 222. The second branch pipeline 223 is connected to the second pipeline 122, and a second control valve 240 is provided in the second branch pipeline 223. Among them, the second control valve 240 is configured to: remain open when the pressure in the pressure accumulator 210 is higher than or equal to a second preset value; remain closed when the pressure in the pressure accumulator 210 is lower than the second preset value. Specifically, the second control valve 240 is a back pressure valve.

[0049] It should be noted that the first control valve 230 controls the connection between the first branch pipeline 222 and the first pipeline 121, and the second control valve 240 controls the connection between the second branch pipeline 223 and the second pipeline 122. Based on the magnitude relationship between the first preset value and the second preset value of the pressure in the pressure accumulator 210, the following situations are included:

[0050] 1. The first preset value is greater than the second preset value. The pressure in the accumulator 210 will reach the second preset value first. The second control valve 240 opens, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 is connected to the second pipeline 122 through the second control valve 240 to accelerate the first heat exchange medium in the second pipeline 122 at the connection position of the second branch pipeline 223 and the second pipeline 122. If the pressure in the accumulator 210 continues to rise, when the pressure in the accumulator 210 reaches the first preset value, the first control valve 230 opens, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 is also connected to the first pipeline 121 through the first control valve 230, and accelerates the first heat exchange medium in the first pipeline 121 at the connection position of the first branch pipeline 222 and the first pipeline 121, so that the rate of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 is further increased;

[0051] 2. When the first preset value is equal to the second preset value, the pressure in the accumulator 210 reaches the first preset value and the second preset value at the same time. The first control valve 230 and the second control valve 240 open at the same time. The second heat exchange medium accelerates the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 at the connection position of the first branch pipeline 222 and the first pipeline 121 and at the connection position of the second branch pipeline 223 and the second pipeline 122 at the same time, and the rate of the first heat exchange medium is increased;

[0052] 3. When the first preset value is less than the second preset value, the pressure in the accumulator 210 will reach the first preset value first. The first control valve 230 opens, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 is connected to the first pipeline 121 through the first control valve 230 to accelerate the first heat exchange medium in the first pipeline 121 at the connection position of the first branch pipeline 222 and the first pipeline 121. If the pressure in the accumulator 210 continues to rise, when the pressure in the accumulator 210 reaches the second preset value, the second control valve 240 opens, and the second heat exchange medium in the accumulator 210 is also connected to the second pipeline 122 through the second control valve 240, and accelerates the first heat exchange medium in the second pipeline 122 at the connection position of the second branch pipeline 223 and the second pipeline 122, so that the rate of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 is further increased.

[0053] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the circulation pipeline 100 further includes a check valve group 130, and the check valve group 130 is used to restrict the first heat exchange medium from circulating along the preset flow direction.

[0054] It is understood that by restricting the first heat exchange medium from circulating along the preset flow direction through the check valve group 130, when the second heat exchange medium enters the circulation pipeline 100, the second heat exchange medium cannot move in the opposite direction of the preset flow direction, but can only drive the first heat exchange medium to accelerate along the preset flow direction, and the acceleration effect of the second heat exchange medium on the first heat exchange medium is better.

[0055] In addition, the connecting pipe 220 may also be connected to the circulating pipe along a direction inclined to the preset flow direction, where the inclination angle is an acute angle, so that the flow direction of the second heat exchange medium is basically the same as that of the first heat exchange medium, which can better combine the flows, and the second heat exchange medium can also better drive the first heat exchange medium to accelerate.

[0056] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the check valve group 130 includes a first check valve 131 and a second check valve 132, and the inner pipeline 120 includes a first pipeline 121 for the first heat exchange medium to flow in and a second pipeline 122 for the first heat exchange medium to flow out. The first check valve 131 is provided in the first pipeline 121, and the second check valve 132 is provided in the second pipeline 122.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first check valve 131 is provided in the first pipeline 121 so that the first heat exchange medium flows into the first pipeline 121 along the preset flow direction, and the second check valve 132 is provided in the second pipeline 122, and the first heat exchange medium flows out of the second pipeline 122 along the preset flow direction. Specifically, based on the characteristics of natural circulation flow, the first heat exchange medium should flow out from the top of the inner pipeline 120 and flow into the inner pipeline 120 from the bottom. Therefore, the second pipeline 122 needs to be higher than the first pipeline 121, and the preset flow direction is from bottom to top.

[0058] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the connecting pipe 220 is connected to the first pipeline 121 and has a first connection position, and the first check valve 131 and the first connection position are arranged in sequence along the preset flow direction; and / or, the connecting pipe 220 is connected to the second pipeline 122 and has a second connection position, and the connection position where the connecting pipe 220 is connected to the second pipeline 122 and the second check valve 132 are arranged in sequence along the preset flow direction.

[0059] In this embodiment, the first pipeline 121 is for the first heat exchange medium to flow in. The first connection position is arranged behind the first check valve 131 along the preset flow direction. When the second heat exchange medium enters the first pipeline 121 through the first connection position, the second heat exchange medium is blocked by the first check valve 131. The first check valve 131 guides the second heat exchange medium to flow along the preset flow direction and will not flow in the opposite direction to the preset flow direction to hinder the flow of the first heat exchange medium. At the same time, when the second heat exchange medium enters the first connection position of the first pipeline 121, it will cause the pressure in the pipeline at the first connection position to increase. The first check valve 131 blocks and releases the increased pressure of the medium in the pipeline in the opposite direction to the preset flow direction, so that the medium in the pipeline releases the pressure in the pipeline along the preset flow direction. The increased pressure will also drive the first heat exchange medium to flow faster, making the flow rate of the first heat exchange medium higher. Similarly, the second check valve 132 is for the first heat exchange medium to flow out. The second connection position is arranged behind the second check valve 132 along the preset flow direction. The second heat exchange medium entering through the second connection position is guided by the second check valve 132 to flow along the preset direction. And when the second heat exchange medium enters the second connection position of the second pipeline 122, it will cause the pressure in the pipeline at the first connection position to increase. The second check valve 132 blocks and releases the increased pressure of the medium in the pipeline in the opposite direction to the preset flow direction. The increased pressure drives the first heat exchange medium to accelerate, making the flow rate of the first heat exchange medium higher and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchange medium.

[0060] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the pressure accumulator 210 includes a main tank portion and a heat exchange portion provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main tank portion. The heat exchange portion is used to enhance the heat exchange effect.

[0061] It should be understood that the pressure accumulator 210 increases the heat exchange area in the housing through the heat exchange portion or uses materials with better heat exchange performance, so that the pressure accumulator 210 can obtain more heat in unit time for heat exchange and improve the heat exchange efficiency. Under accident conditions, when the temperature in the containment 1000 rises, the pressure accumulator 210 can quickly exchange heat with the heat in the containment 1000. The temperature in the pressure accumulator 210 rises rapidly, causing the second heat exchange medium to evaporate rapidly. The pressure in the pressure accumulator 210 can be increased to the first preset value and / or the second preset value in a short time to start the second heat exchange medium to accelerate the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100. In this embodiment, the heat exchange portion can be a plurality of heat exchange fins protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion, or one end or one surface of the heat exchange portion is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the main tank portion, and the other end or the other surface is arranged inside the main tank portion. The material used for the heat exchange portion is different from the material used for the main tank portion, and the heat exchange performance of the material of the heat exchange portion is better than the heat conduction performance of the material of the main tank portion.

[0062] Referring to Figure 1As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the closed passive containment heat export system further includes: an expansion tank 300, which is connected to the external pipeline 110 and is used to adjust the pressure of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100.

[0063] It should be understood that by adjusting the pressure of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 through the expansion tank 300, it is avoided that the pressure of the first heat exchange medium on the pipe wall in the circulation pipeline 100 is too large, which may cause damage to the circulation pipeline 100 and lead to leakage of the first heat exchange medium. Through the adjustment of the expansion tank 300, the pressure of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline 100 is within an appropriate range, making it safer to use.

[0064] In this embodiment, the expansion tank 300 includes a tank body 310 and an exhaust valve 320 provided at the top of the tank body 310. The bottom of the tank body 310 is connected to the external pipeline 110. When the pressure in the circulation pipeline 100 is too high, part of the first heat exchange medium enters the tank body 310 to reduce the pressure in the circulation pipeline 100. When the pressure in the tank body 310 is too high, the exhaust valve 320 will open to automatically adjust the pressure in the tank body 310. At the same time, it can accommodate more first heat exchange medium to adaptively adjust the pressure in the circulation pipeline 100.

[0065] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the closed passive containment heat export system further includes: a cooling assembly 400. The external pipeline 110 can exchange heat with the cooling assembly 400 and has an external heat exchange position. The internal pipeline 120 has an internal heat exchange position for heat exchange within the containment 1000, and the external heat exchange position is higher than the internal heat exchange position.

[0066] It should be understood that by cooling the external heat exchange position where the cooling component 400 is located, the heat exchange rate between the first heat exchange medium in the external pipeline 110 and the outside is accelerated, so that the heat in the first heat exchange medium can be quickly exported; through the internal heat exchange position, the heat exchange rate between the first heat exchange medium in the internal pipeline 120 and the heat in the containment 1000 is accelerated, so that the first heat exchange medium can quickly absorb the heat in the containment 1000 and improve the heat exchange efficiency; at the same time, the external heat exchange position is higher than the internal heat exchange position, and the heated first heat exchange medium (hereinafter referred to as the heated medium) will automatically rise under the action of natural circulation flow. The heated medium can move naturally from the heat exchange position to the external heat exchange position, and exchange heat with the cooling component 400 when passing through the external heat exchange position, and then be converted into the cooled first heat exchange medium (hereinafter referred to as the low-temperature medium). The low-temperature medium automatically descends under the action of gravity, and the low-temperature medium re-enters the internal pipeline 120 from the bottom end of the external pipeline 110 and is heated again into the heated medium, repeating the cycle to export the heat in the containment 1000. Among them, the heat transfer path is: inside the containment 1000 - the first heat exchange medium - the cooling component 400, to export the heat in the containment 1000.

[0067] In this embodiment, the cooling component 400 is a cooling tank filled with coolant, and the external pipeline 110 passes through the cooling tank and is in full contact with the coolant. Among them, the part of the external pipeline 110 located in the cooling tank can be a coil pipe or a spiral pipe to increase the heat exchange area between the external pipeline 110 and the coolant. Of course, the part of the external pipeline 110 located in the cooling tank can also enhance the heat exchange effect by adding heat dissipation fins outside the external pipeline 110 or using materials with better heat exchange performance or other methods. The internal pipeline 120 further includes a heat exchange pipeline 123. The bottom end of the heat exchange pipeline 123 is connected to the first pipeline 121 for the first heat exchange medium to flow in, and the top end of the heat exchange pipeline 123 is connected to the second pipeline 122 for the first heat exchange medium to flow out. Specifically, the heat exchange pipeline 123 is a coil pipe or a spiral pipe to increase the heat exchange area between the internal pipeline 120 and the heat in the containment 1000. Of course, the heat exchange pipeline 123 can also enhance the heat exchange effect by adding heat dissipation fins outside the heat exchange pipeline 123 or using materials with better heat exchange performance. For example, the heat exchange pipeline 123 is a spiral pipe, and heat dissipation fins are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the spiral pipe; or, the heat exchange pipeline 123 is a spiral pipe, and the heat exchange performance of the material of the heat exchange pipeline 123 is better than that of the materials of the first pipeline 121 and the second pipeline 122.

[0068] Refer to Figure 1As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present utility model provides a nuclear reactor, comprising: a reactor core, a containment vessel 1000 covering the reactor core, and the closed passive containment heat removal system of the embodiment of the first aspect of the present utility model. The closed passive containment heat removal system is used to export the heat of the reactor core in the containment vessel 1000 to the outside of the containment vessel 1000.

[0069] It should be understood that the nuclear reactor adopts the closed passive containment heat removal system of the embodiment of the first aspect of the present utility model. The start-up of the closed passive containment heat removal system is faster, the heat export efficiency of the reactor core is higher, and it is more conducive to the safety and stability of the reactor core.

[0070] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model within the knowledge scope of those of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims

1. A closed passive containment heat removal system, characterized in that: include: a circulation pipeline for naturally circulating a first liquid heat exchange medium, the circulation pipeline comprising an inner pipeline for heat exchange in the containment and an outer pipeline for heat exchange outside the containment, the outer pipeline being connected to the inner pipeline to form a closed loop; A pressure accumulator assembly, comprising a pressure accumulator tank for performing heat exchange in the containment, a connecting pipe connecting the pressure accumulator tank and the circulation pipeline, and a first control valve arranged on the connecting pipe, wherein the pressure accumulator tank is used to contain a second liquid heat exchange medium; Wherein, the first control valve is configured as follows: when the pressure in the accumulator tank is higher than or equal to a first preset value, the first control valve remains in an open state, and the accumulator tank is connected to the circulation pipeline; when the pressure in the accumulator tank is lower than the first preset value, the first control valve remains in a closed state, and the accumulator tank is disconnected from the circulation pipeline.

2. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner pipeline includes a first pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow in and a second pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow out, the communicating pipeline is connected to the first pipeline, and / or the communicating pipeline is connected to the second pipeline.

3. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure storage assembly further includes a second control valve, the communicating pipeline includes a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline, the first branch pipeline is communicated with the first pipeline, the first control valve is arranged on the first branch pipeline, the second branch pipeline is communicated with the second pipeline, and the second control valve is arranged on the second branch pipeline; The second control valve is configured to: remain in an open state when the pressure in the pressure accumulator tank is higher than or equal to a second preset value; and remain in a closed state when the pressure in the pressure accumulator tank is lower than the second preset value.

4. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulation pipeline further includes a check valve group, and the check valve group is used to limit the circulation of the first heat exchange medium along a preset flow direction.

5. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The check valve group includes a first check valve and a second check valve, the inner pipeline includes a first pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow in and a second pipeline for the first heat exchange medium to flow out, the first check valve is arranged in the first pipeline, and the second check valve is arranged in the second pipeline.

6. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communicating pipe is connected to the first pipe and has a first communicating position, and the first check valve and the first communicating position are sequentially distributed along the preset flow direction; and / or, the communicating pipe is connected to the second pipe and has a second communicating position, and the communicating pipe is connected to the communicating position of the second pipe and the second check valve are sequentially distributed along the preset flow direction.

7. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure accumulator tank includes a main tank portion and a heat exchange portion provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main tank portion, and the heat exchange portion is used to enhance the heat exchange effect.

8. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An expansion tank is connected to the external pipeline and is used to adjust the pressure of the first heat exchange medium in the circulation pipeline.

9. The closed passive containment heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The cooling component, the outer pipeline can exchange heat with the cooling component and has an outer heat exchange position, the inner pipeline has an inner heat exchange position for heat exchange in the containment, and the outer heat exchange position is higher than the inner heat exchange position.

10. A nuclear reactor, characterized in that: include: Core; A containment vessel, covering the core; The closed passive containment heat removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to remove heat from the core in the containment to the outside of the containment.

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