Spray tower of lithium battery thermal runaway process waste gas treatment system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and discloses a spray tower of a lithium battery thermal runaway process waste gas treatment system. Wherein the spray tower is sequentially provided with four treatment chambers including a gas inlet chamber, a first spray chamber, a second spray chamber and a demisting chamber from bottom to top, and a cyclone layer is arranged between every two adjacent treatment chambers; filler layers are arranged in the first spraying chamber, the second spraying chamber and the demisting chamber; spraying devices are arranged in the air inlet chamber, the first spraying chamber and the second spraying chamber; the cyclone layer comprises a plurality of cyclone plate dust removers, the wind directions of the cyclone plate dust removers are the same, and the wind direction of the cyclone layer is opposite to the advancing direction of the waste gas. By arranging the cyclone layer, the residence time of waste gas in the spray tower is prolonged, the mixing degree of impurities in the waste gas and treatment liquid is increased through the spray device, the treatment degree of the treatment liquid can be improved through the filler layer, dehumidification is carried out on the top of the demisting chamber, and favorable conditions are provided for subsequent procedures of the whole waste gas treatment system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and mainly relates to a spray tower of a waste gas treatment system during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery. Background Art

[0002] Battery safety testing is a key detection step in the battery R & D process and also a quality assurance link before product shipment. Battery safety testing evaluates the safety performance by simulating extreme conditions that the battery may encounter during actual use. During the thermal runaway test of a lithium battery, a large amount of harmful electrolyte vapor, toxic gas, and fine hydrophobic carbon powder particles may be released. These substances not only pollute the environment but also pose a threat to people's lives and property safety. Therefore, professional facilities are needed to treat the waste gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery.

[0003] Chinese Utility Model Patent CN220495916U discloses a spray device for waste gas in lithium battery production. This device uses a diversion component and a drive component in cooperation to control the speed of the internal waste gas flow, and thus control the residence time of the gas in the spray tower. However, this spray device for lithium battery waste gas treatment has only a single-layer filler, which is not convenient for removing particulate impurities in the organic waste gas. Moreover, a large number of moving mechanisms are used inside the spray device, and it is inevitable that failures will occur over time, making it difficult to effectively treat the organic waste gas. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new type of organic waste gas treatment circulating spray tower to solve the above problems. Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a spray tower of a waste gas treatment system during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery, aiming to solve the problem that the existing spray device for battery waste gas treatment has limited treatment degree for the organic waste gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery.

[0005] The technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a spray tower of a waste gas treatment system during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery, in which four treatment chambers, namely an air inlet chamber, a first spray chamber, a second spray chamber, and a demisting chamber, are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a cyclone layer is arranged between adjacent treatment chambers;

[0007] Packing layers are arranged in the first spray chamber, the second spray chamber, and the demisting chamber, and spray devices are arranged in the air inlet chamber, the first spray chamber, and the second spray chamber;

[0008] The cyclone layer includes a plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors, the wind directions of the plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors are the same, and the wind direction of the cyclone layer is opposite to the advancing direction of the waste gas.

[0009] The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery proposed in the present application adopts a multi-layer structure to treat the waste gas generated by the combustion of lithium batteries. Multiple cyclone plate dust collectors can offset the airflow inside the spray tower, increase the residence time and treatment degree of the waste gas inside the spray tower, increase the degree of mixing of impurities in the waste gas and the treatment liquid through the spray device, and effectively remove the acidic and ester components and larger carbon powder particles in the battery combustion waste gas in combination with the filler layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the spray device is arranged at the top of the air inlet chamber and the first spray chamber and in the middle of the second spray chamber. In the present application, the spray device is arranged at the top of the air inlet chamber and the first spray chamber to cooperate with the counteraction effect of the cyclone layer for washing, thereby improving the treatment effect of the treatment liquid on the waste gas; the spray device is arranged in the middle of the second spray chamber to reduce the influence of the spray device on the counteraction effect of the airflow in the second spray chamber, thereby improving the demisting efficiency.

[0011] Further, the packing layer is arranged at the bottom of the first spray chamber, the second spray chamber and the demisting chamber. In the present application, by arranging the packing layer at the bottom of the treatment chamber, the mist droplets formed by spraying can drip and gather on the packing layer at the bottom.

[0012] Furthermore, the filler layer comprises a multi-layer hollow ball filler layer, and the fillers of the multi-layer hollow ball filler layer are hollow balls.

[0013] Furthermore, a circulating water tank for recovering the treatment liquid is provided at the bottom of the air inlet chamber, and the circulating water tank is connected to the spray device. In the present application, the spray device is connected to the circulating water tank, and the treatment liquid atomized by the spray device can be recovered into the circulating water tank at the bottom of the air inlet chamber so as to recycle the treatment liquid.

[0014] Furthermore, the circulating water tank includes a circulating water pump. In the present application, by setting a circulating water pump for boosting, the treatment liquid at the bottom of the spray tower is pumped to the spray device for spraying treatment.

[0015] Furthermore, the spraying device includes a plurality of spiral nozzles.

[0016] Furthermore, the angle between the spray angle of the spiral nozzle and the horizontal plane is 10°-15°.

[0017] Furthermore, the demister chamber is provided with a baffle demister.

[0018] Furthermore, the air inlet chamber, the first spray chamber, the second spray chamber and the demisting chamber are provided with observation windows.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries proposed in this application uses a multi-layer structure to treat the waste gas generated during the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries. By setting a cyclone layer, the residence time of the waste gas inside the spray tower is increased. The mixing degree of impurities in the waste gas and the treatment liquid is increased through the spray device. The packing layer can improve the treatment degree of the treatment liquid on the waste gas. The demisting chamber dehumidifies the top, providing favorable conditions for the subsequent processes of the entire waste gas treatment system. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries in this application.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the spraying angle of the spiral nozzle in the spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries in this application.

[0022] Label description: 1. Air inlet chamber; 11. Air inlet; 12. Circulation water tank; 121. Circulation water pump; 2. First spray chamber; 3. Second spray chamber; 4. Demisting chamber; 41. Baffle demister; 5. Packing layer; 6. Spray device; 61. Spiral nozzle; 7. Cyclone layer; 8. Observation window. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0023] This application provides a spray tower for a waste gas treatment system during the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries. To make the purpose, technical solution and effects of this application clearer and more definite, the following further details this application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not used to limit this application.

[0024] Referring to Figure 1 - Figure 2 , this application provides a spray tower for a waste gas treatment system during the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries. Among them, the spray tower is successively provided with four treatment chambers, namely an air inlet chamber 1, a first spray chamber 2, a second spray chamber 3, and a demisting chamber 4 from bottom to top. A cyclone layer 7 is provided between adjacent treatment chambers;

[0025] A packing layer 5 is provided in the first spray chamber 2, the second spray chamber 3 and the demisting chamber 4. An air inlet 11 is provided in the air inlet chamber 1, and a spray device 6 is provided in the air inlet chamber 1, the first spray chamber 2 and the second spray chamber 3.

[0026] This application uses a multi-layer structure to treat the waste gas generated during the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries. By setting a cyclone layer 7, the residence time of the waste gas inside the spray tower is increased. The mixing degree of impurities in the waste gas and the treatment liquid is increased through the spray device 6. The packing layer 5 can improve the treatment degree of the treatment liquid on the waste gas. The demisting chamber 4 dehumidifies the top, providing favorable conditions for the subsequent processes of the entire waste gas treatment system.

[0027] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the cyclone layer 7 includes a plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors. The wind directions of the plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors are the same, and the wind direction of the cyclone layer 7 is opposite to the advancing direction of the waste gas.

[0028] Specifically, the cyclone layer 7 of the present application can be arranged with a plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors, which are horizontally distributed inside the spray tower. Each cyclone plate dust collector can be provided with a plurality of swirl vanes to generate a wind direction by rotation. When the waste gas enters the spray tower from the air inlet 11 of the air inlet chamber 1, due to the action of the rear-end fan in the waste gas treatment system, the waste gas moves upward in the tower body of the spray tower. When the waste gas passes through the tower barrel, the wind direction of the cyclone layer is from top to bottom, which generates a counterflush with the waste gas flow in the tower barrel, increasing the residence time of the waste gas in the spray tower. At the same time, in cooperation with the sprayed treatment liquid, the degree of interaction between the treatment liquid and the waste gas is improved. The dust-containing waste gas and the treatment liquid (specifically, an alkaline treatment liquid can be used) are fully mixed, washed, and neutralized during the counterflush process. The dust-containing liquid droplets are thrown to the bottom of the tower by centrifugal force, and the battery waste gas containing carbon powder can be effectively treated.

[0029] Among them, the rotation speed of the swirl vanes is adjustable, so that the wind speed in the tower is adjustable, and thus it is convenient to adjust the degree of counterflush between the cyclone layer and the waste gas flow.

[0030] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the spraying device 6 is arranged at the top of the air inlet chamber 1 and the first spraying chamber 2 and the middle of the second spraying chamber 3. Among them, arranging the spraying device 6 at the top of the air inlet chamber 1 and the first spraying chamber 2 can cooperate with the counterflush effect of the cyclone layer 7 for washing. And arranging the spraying device 6 in the middle of the second spraying chamber 3 can avoid having too much influence on the air flow counterflush effect of the second spraying chamber 3. Specifically, in the present application, the air flow counterflush effect mainly occurs at the top of the air inlet chamber 1, the first spraying chamber 2, and the second spraying chamber 3, and the treatment liquid will also drive air during spraying, interacting with the counterflush effect. The waste gas is drawn out from the demisting chamber 4 after passing through multiple treatment chambers in sequence. When the waste gas reaches the second spraying chamber 3, its cleanliness has reached a relatively high level. By arranging the spraying device 6 of the second spraying chamber 3 in the middle, while continuing to treat the waste gas entering the second spraying chamber 3, it does not have too much influence on the main area where the cyclone layer wind direction and the waste gas converge. The air flow can have a good counterflush and vortex in this area and then enter the demisting chamber 4. During this process, less water is sprayed, and the waste gas can also shed some of the carried (or dripped from the demisting chamber 4) liquid droplets or moisture, which is beneficial to improving the demisting efficiency of the demisting chamber 4.

[0031] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the packing layer 5 is arranged at the bottom of the first spraying chamber 2, the second spraying chamber 3, and the demisting chamber 4. In the present application, by arranging the packing layer 5 at the bottom of the treatment chamber, the fog droplets formed by spraying can drip onto the packing layer at the bottom and gather.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the packing layer 5 includes multiple layers of hollow sphere packing layers, and the packing of the multiple layers of hollow sphere packing layers is hollow spheres. In the present application, the multiple layers of hollow sphere packing layers can increase the adsorption amount of waste impurities in the packing layer 5, remove toner particles with a particle size greater than 1 micron, and the droplets on the packing gather and flow down along the surface of the packing. The gas and the liquid continuously pass through the pores of the packing layer 5 in opposite flow directions, enabling the gas-liquid two-phase to closely contact on the surface of the packing for mass transfer, further improving the treatment degree.

[0033] Referring to Figure 1 , in a specific embodiment of the present application, a circulating water tank 12 for recovering the treatment liquid is provided at the bottom of the air inlet chamber 1. The circulating water tank 12 is connected to the spraying device 6, and the circulating water tank 12 includes a circulating water pump 121. Among them, the connection mode between the spraying device 6 and the circulating water tank 12 is not shown in Figure 1 and can be specifically connected through pipes, which will not be elaborated here.

[0034] In the present application, the treatment liquid is located in the circulating water tank 12 at the bottom of the spray tower. After being pressurized by the circulating water pump 121, it is pumped to the spraying device 6 and gradually drips down to the air inlet chamber 1 through the spraying and atomization of the spraying device 6 in the tower body. The dripping liquid can be recovered into the circulating water tank 12 in the air inlet chamber 1 to realize the recycling of the treatment liquid.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the spraying device 6 is arranged in the tower body, and the spraying device 6 includes a plurality of spiral nozzles 61. Among them, the plurality of spiral nozzles 61 can be distributed in the tower body perpendicular to the advancing direction of the waste gas. In the present application, the spiral nozzles 61 used can fully atomize the treatment liquid and spray it in the tower body. Compared with the ultra-fine atomizing nozzles commonly used in the market, they also have the characteristics of not being easily blocked.

[0036] Referring to Figure 2 , in a specific embodiment of the present application, the included angle between the spraying angle of the spiral nozzle 61 and the horizontal plane is 10° - 15°. In the present application, the spiral nozzle 61 sprays water mist obliquely downward. By maintaining a spiral nozzle 61 with an included angle of 10° - 15°, it is easier to fully cover the inside of the spray tower under normal spray pressure. At the same time, it mainly acts on the impact area between the waste gas in the air inlet chamber 1 and the first spraying chamber 2 and the cyclone layer. The diameter of the sprayed mist particles is also smaller, which is easy to combine with the tiny toner particles in the waste gas, and the water energy consumed is less, making the impurities in the waste gas mix more fully with the treatment liquid. Preferably, the included angle between the spraying angle of the spiral nozzle 61 and the horizontal plane is 15°, and the spraying has a better effect on the impact area.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present application, a demister chamber 4 is provided with a baffle demister 41. In the present application, the demister chamber 4 is arranged at the top of the spray tower body. The provided baffle demister 41 cooperates with hollow spheres for demisting. There is a sedimentator in the channel of the baffle demister 41, which can turn the mist into a liquid film and perform physical dehumidification by gravity, providing favorable conditions for the subsequent processes of the waste gas treatment system.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the tower wall material of the spray tower is stainless steel. In the present application, since the waste gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery to be treated contains a large amount of acidic components, the material of the tower wall is stainless steel to reduce corrosion and improve the service life of the spray tower.

[0039] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first spray chamber 2, the second spray chamber 3 and the demister chamber 4 are each provided with an observation window 8. By providing the observation window 8, it is convenient to observe the treatment situation and respond in a timely manner.

[0040] The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries proposed in the present application treats the waste gas generated by the combustion of lithium batteries by adopting a multi-layer structure. Multiple cyclone plate dust collectors can make the internal air flow of the spray tower counteract, increasing the residence time of the waste gas inside the spray tower; the multi-layer hollow sphere packing layer can increase the adsorption amount of waste gas impurities on the packing and remove carbon powder particles with a particle size larger than 1 micron; the multi-layer spiral nozzles 61 with an inclination of 15° at the edge can fully atomize the treatment liquid, more fully mix the impurities in the waste gas with the treatment liquid, and more effectively neutralize the acidic components therein; the provided spray tower also has the functions of recycling the alkali treatment liquid and dehumidifying at the top, providing favorable conditions for the subsequent processes of the entire waste gas treatment system, and can effectively remove the acidic, ester components and carbon powder particles with a larger particle size in the waste gas.

[0041] It should be understood that the application of the present application is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or transformations can be made according to the above description, and all such improvements and transformations should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A spray tower for an exhaust gas treatment system in the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery, characterized in that There are four treatment chambers, namely an intake chamber (1), a first spray chamber (2), a second spray chamber (3), and a demisting chamber (4), arranged successively from bottom to top. A cyclone layer (7) is provided between adjacent treatment chambers; A packing layer (5) is provided in the first spray chamber (2), the second spray chamber (3), and the demisting chamber (4), and a spraying device (6) is provided in the intake chamber (1), the first spray chamber (2), and the second spray chamber (3); The cyclone layer (7) includes a plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors, the wind directions of the plurality of cyclone plate dust collectors are the same, and the wind direction of the cyclone layer (7) is opposite to the advancing direction of the waste gas.

2. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying device (6) is provided at the top of the intake chamber (1) and the first spray chamber (2) and in the middle of the second spray chamber (3).

3. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 2, wherein The packing layer (5) is provided at the bottom of the first spray chamber (2), the second spray chamber (3), and the demisting chamber (4).

4. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 3, wherein The packing layer (5) includes multiple layers of hollow ball packing layers, and the packing of the multiple layers of hollow ball packing layers is hollow balls.

5. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, A circulating water tank (12) for recovering the treatment liquid is provided at the bottom of the intake chamber (1), and the circulating water tank (12) is communicated with the spraying device (6).

6. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The circulating water tank (12) includes a circulating water pump (121).

7. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying device (6) includes a plurality of spiral nozzles (61).

8. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The included angle between the spraying angle of the spiral nozzle (61) and the horizontal plane is 10° - 15°.

9. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, A baffle demister (41) is provided in the demisting chamber (4).

10. The spray tower of the waste gas treatment system for the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Observation windows (8) are provided in the intake chamber (1), the first spray chamber (2), the second spray chamber (3), and the demisting chamber (4).

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