Pyrolysis fixed bed reactor

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and particularly relates to a pyrolysis fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed reactor comprises a sample cabin (9), a first gas input port is formed in the upper side wall of the sample cabin (9), a gas output port is formed in the top of the sample cabin (9), and the bottom of the sample cabin (9) is sealed or provided with a second gas input port; the gas conveying element comprises a first gas conveying pipeline (2) communicated to the first gas input port and an overflow gas output pipeline (6) communicated to the gas output port; and the heating element comprises a sample cabin heating sleeve (10) arranged at the periphery of the sample cabin (9) and is used for heating a sample in the sample cabin (9) and / or gas in the cabin. According to the pyrolysis fixed bed reactor, the heating form is adjustable, the carrier gas environment is controllable, the working efficiency and the safety and economical efficiency of equipment use are effectively improved, and the available ways of the fixed bed reactor are enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and more specifically, relates to a pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor. Background Art

[0002] Biomass is one of the abundant renewable resources on the earth and an indispensable important cornerstone for achieving the "dual carbon" strategic goal. Utilizing pyrolysis technology for the efficient conversion of biomass has great research prospects and is expected to replace traditional fossil fuels. However, the pyrolysis of biomass is not only a complex physical and chemical process but also affected by many factors such as pyrolysis conditions. Therefore, it is very important to integrate many influencing factors in the pyrolysis reactor and comprehensively master the biomass thermal conversion characteristics.

[0003] Primarily, the pyrolysis of biomass is mainly affected by heating temperature, temperature field distribution, and gas environment. Researchers have conducted systematic research on this. Among them, the fixed-bed reactor is considered a convenient device for pyrolysis reactions. Such reactors can collect the reaction products and perform off-line or on-line analysis while simulating pyrolysis reactions. Guo et al. (J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol, 2022, 167, 105650) built a fixed-bed device with a quartz tube heating furnace as the main body and nitrogen as the carrier gas to analyze the pyrolysis reaction path of tobacco-like substances. Wang et al. (Fuel, 2023, 354, 129191) controlled the pyrolysis temperature and pressure in a pressurized fixed-bed reactor and studied the physical and chemical indexes such as the composition of biomass pyrolysis products, providing a comprehensive analysis method for the influence of temperature and pressure on pyrolysis characteristics. However, the existing fixed-bed devices have relatively single functions, and it is difficult to adjust heating methods, carrier gas flow directions, etc., and it is impossible to simply achieve the collaborative research of pyrolysis influencing factors. It is particularly important to further optimize the various indexes of the pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, increase the adjustable parameters of the pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, provide a simple method to conveniently customize pyrolysis conditions and schemes, and obtain a pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor with higher application value. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The inventors found during the implementation of this application that if common heating methods such as resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, microwave heating, and gas flow heating can be integrated in the fixed-bed reactor, different temperature fields can be provided for the pyrolysis of biomass, comprehensively study the pyrolysis and thermal conversion characteristics of samples under different heating methods, and analyze the influence of the temperature field on the pyrolysis process and pyrolysis products. This can not only improve the utilization rate of the equipment but also expand the systematicness and depth of research.

[0005] On this basis, if the flow mode of the carrier gas can be comprehensively considered, it can not only extend the breadth of research, but also provide more ways for the pyrolysis of biomass, improve practicability, and provide new ideas for the manufacture of new chemical equipment, etc. However, the prior art lacks a pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor with an integrated heating method and an adjustable carrier gas environment.

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present utility model provides a pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, which integrates several heating methods such as resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, microwave heating, and gas flow heating in the pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, and provides a side external gas channel and a bottom external gas channel, solving technical problems such as the fixed heating method and the single carrier gas flow direction of the fixed-bed reactor, and can be applied to the research of the pyrolysis process of biomass.

[0007] The present application provides a pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, and the fixed-bed reactor includes: a sample chamber 9, a gas delivery element, and a heating element;

[0008] The sample chamber 9 is used to carry out the pyrolysis reaction of the samples in the chamber. A first gas inlet is provided on the upper side wall of the sample chamber 9, a gas outlet is provided on the top of the sample chamber 9, and the bottom of the sample chamber 9 is sealed or provided with a second gas inlet;

[0009] The gas delivery element includes: a first gas delivery pipeline 2 connected to the first gas inlet, and an overflow gas output pipeline 6 connected to the gas outlet;

[0010] The heating element includes a sample chamber heating jacket 10 arranged outside the sample chamber 9, which is used to heat the samples and / or the gas in the sample chamber 9.

[0011] Preferably, the gas delivery element further includes: a second gas delivery pipeline 16 connected to the second gas inlet.

[0012] Preferably, the heating element further includes: a pipeline heating jacket 13 arranged outside the second gas delivery pipeline 16, which is used to heat the gas in the second gas delivery pipeline 16.

[0013] Preferably, the heating method of the sample chamber heating jacket 10 is selected from one of resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, gas flow heating, and microwave heating. That is, the sample chamber heating jacket 10 is selected from: a resistance heating type heating jacket, an electromagnetic induction heating type heating jacket, an infrared heating type heating jacket, a gas flow heating type heating jacket, and a microwave heating type heating jacket.

[0014] Preferably, the heating method of the pipeline heating sleeve 13 is selected from one of resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, air flow heating, and microwave heating. That is, the pipeline heating sleeve 13 is selected from: a resistance heating type heating sleeve, an electromagnetic induction heating type heating sleeve, an infrared heating type heating sleeve, an air flow heating type heating sleeve, and a microwave heating type heating sleeve.

[0015] Preferably, a first gas path switch 3 and a first gas flow control valve 4 are provided on the first gas delivery pipeline 2.

[0016] Preferably, a second gas path switch 17 and a second gas flow control valve 15 are provided on the second gas delivery pipeline 16.

[0017] Preferably, a seal chamber 5 is provided between the overflow gas output pipeline 6 and the gas output port.

[0018] Preferably, the pyrolysis fixed bed reactor further includes:

[0019] A differential pressure test element, which includes test ports provided at the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9 and an external differential pressure gauge 19 for measuring the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample in the sample chamber 9;

[0020] A heat preservation element 8, which is placed on the periphery of the sample chamber heating sleeve 10;

[0021] A first temperature measuring device 11, which is configured to measure the temperature in the sample chamber 9.

[0022] In the second aspect of the present application, a working method of the pyrolysis fixed bed reactor described in the first aspect is provided. The working method includes one or more of the following methods:

[0023] Method 1: Place the biomass in the sample chamber 9 so that the bottom of the sample chamber 9 is sealed. Start the sample chamber heating sleeve 10 so that the outside gas enters the sample chamber 9 from the first gas delivery pipeline 2 through the first gas input port but does not pass through the biomass. The aerosol generated by the heating of the biomass enters the overflow gas output pipeline 6 through natural diffusion, and the overflow gas in the overflow gas output pipeline 6 is detected to analyze the biomass pyrolysis process under the action of gas flow diffusion;

[0024] Method 2: When a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9, place the biomass in the sample chamber 9 so that the first gas inlet of the sample chamber 9 is closed. Start the sample chamber heating jacket 10 so that external gas enters the sample chamber 9 from the second gas inlet and passes through the biomass. The aerosol generated by the heated biomass enters the overflow gas output pipe 6 through convection, and the overflow gas in the overflow gas output pipe 6 is detected to analyze the biomass pyrolysis process under the action of gas convection;

[0025] Method 3: When a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9, place the biomass in the sample chamber 9 and start the sample chamber heating jacket 10 so that external gas enters the sample chamber 9 from the first gas inlet. At the same time, make external gas enter the sample chamber 9 from the second gas inlet and pass through the biomass. The aerosol generated by the heated biomass enters the overflow gas output pipe 6 through the action of gas diffusion and convection, and the overflow gas in the overflow gas output pipe 6 is detected to analyze the biomass pyrolysis process when the gas diffusion and convection act simultaneously;

[0026] Method 4: When a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9, the heating element further includes: a pipeline heating jacket 13 arranged outside the second gas delivery pipe 16, which is used to heat the gas in the second gas delivery pipe 16;

[0027] Place the biomass in the sample chamber 9 so that the first gas inlet of the sample chamber 9 is closed. Start the pipeline heating jacket 13 so that external gas is heated by the pipeline heating jacket 13 and then enters the sample chamber 9 from the second gas inlet and passes through the biomass. The aerosol generated by the heated biomass enters the overflow gas output pipe 6 through the action of gas diffusion and convection, and the overflow gas in the overflow gas output pipe 6 is detected to analyze the biomass pyrolysis process under the condition of gas heating.

[0028] Preferably, change the heating method of the sample chamber heating jacket 10 and / or the pipeline heating jacket 13, and / or change the type of external gas to analyze and compare the biomass pyrolysis processes under different heating modes and different gas environments.

[0029] The third aspect of the present application provides the pyrolysis fixed bed reactor described in the first aspect for analyzing and comparing the biomass pyrolysis processes under different heating modes, different gas environments or different gas flow actions.

[0030] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art through the above technical solutions conceived by the present application, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

[0031] 1. In existing fixed-bed reactors, the carrier gas inlet is generally located at the bottom of the fixed-bed reactor to flow through the sample to be tested. However, the present application provides a pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor with an air inlet on the side wall above the sample chamber. At this time, the gas does not pass through the heated biomass sample, so the aerosol generated by the heating of the biomass flows out solely by natural diffusion. Therefore, through this device, the pyrolysis process of biomass under the action of gas flow diffusion can be analyzed to simulate the pyrolysis process of a closed-type heated cigarette.

[0032] 2. The gas input port at the bottom of the sample chamber can input gas to analyze the pyrolysis process of biomass under the action of convection.

[0033] 3. In a preferred embodiment, the present utility model adopts a detachable and replaceable heating jacket, which can integrate various heating methods such as resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, microwave heating, and gas flow heating in the device, so as to provide different temperature fields for the sample to be tested, provide more ways for the pyrolysis of biomass, and organically combine the influence of multiple factors on the pyrolysis reaction.

[0034] 4. In a preferred embodiment, the present utility model can couple the two influencing factors of gas flow mode and heating mode, and can set the pyrolysis environment of biomass according to requirements. Compared with common fixed-bed reactors, the design of the present utility model saves the space of the overall device and improves the use efficiency of the device.

[0035] 5. In a preferred embodiment, the present utility model is provided with real-time temperature monitoring elements at multiple positions, which can more intuitively observe the real conditions of the pyrolysis reaction while ensuring the normal operation of the device, and helps to adjust the device parameters in a timely manner according to requirements.

[0036] 6. In a preferred embodiment, the overflow gas delivery pipeline provided by the present utility model can perform timely on-line analysis of the gaseous products generated by the reaction or off-line analysis after capture, improving the accuracy of the analysis of pyrolysis gaseous products at the source. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor in the embodiment.

[0038] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0039] 1. First sealing ring, 2. First gas transmission pipeline, 3. First gas circuit switch, 4. First gas flow control valve, 5. Sealed cabin, 6. Overflow gas output pipeline, 7. Second temperature measuring device, 8. Heat preservation element, 9. Sample cabin, 10. Sample cabin heating jacket, 11. First temperature measuring device, 12. First temperature detection and display element, 13. Pipeline heating jacket, 14. Second temperature detection and display element, 15. Second gas flow control valve, 16. Second gas transmission pipeline, 17. Second gas circuit switch, 18. Second sealing ring, 19. Differential pressure gauge, 20. Overflow gas analysis module. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model, and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0041] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0042] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application. For those not specified in the embodiments regarding specific technologies or conditions, they shall be carried out according to the technologies or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. For those materials or equipment without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchase.

[0043] Those skilled in the technical field of the present application can understand that unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "said" used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "including" used in the description of the present application means the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their groups. It should be understood that when we say that an element is "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to other elements, or there may also be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" used herein may include wireless connection.

[0044] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more. The orientation or state relationship indicated by terms such as "inside", "above", "below", etc. is based on the orientation or state relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "provided with" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical terms and scientific terms, have the same meaning as the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. It should also be understood that terms defined in a general dictionary, such as those, should be understood as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless defined as such here.

[0047] The "range" disclosed in the present application is defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of a particular range. The range defined in this way can include the end values or not include the end values, and can be combined arbitrarily, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are listed for a specific parameter, ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 are also contemplated. In addition, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all contemplated: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5. In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a to b" represents an abbreviated representation of any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0 to 5" means that all real numbers between "0 to 5" have been fully listed herein, and "0 to 5" is only an abbreviated representation of these numerical combinations. Additionally, when stating that a certain parameter is an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions. Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions. Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present application can be carried out sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) carried out sequentially, or may also include steps (b) and (a) carried out sequentially. For example, it is mentioned that the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may also include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may also include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" mentioned in the present application mean open-ended, and can also be closed-ended. For example, the "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed can also be included, or can also mean that only the listed components are included.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, in the present application, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B".

[0051] A pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor includes a sample chamber 9, a differential pressure test element, a gas delivery element, a heating element, a heat insulation element, a temperature detection and display element, a sealing element, and a gas analysis and detection element. The schematic structural diagram is as Figure 1 shown.

[0052] Among them, the sample chamber 9 is the main part of the reactor and is used to carry out the pyrolysis reaction of the samples in the chamber.

[0053] A first gas inlet is provided on the upper side wall of the sample chamber 9. A gas outlet is provided at the top of the sample chamber 9. The bottom of the sample chamber 9 is sealed or provided with a second gas inlet.

[0054] The lateral air flow input through the above-mentioned first gas inlet is used to provide a diffusion effect, and the air flow input through the second gas inlet at the bottom is used to provide a convection effect.

[0055] The first gas inlet is located above the sample loading area of the sample chamber 9 in the axial direction, so that the lateral air flow input through the first gas inlet does not pass through the samples in the sample chamber 9.

[0056] The side wall of the sample chamber 9 can be connected to a first temperature measuring device 11 for detecting the temperature inside the sample chamber 9.

[0057] The differential pressure test element is used to measure the pressure difference between the bottom and the headspace of the sample, and includes test ports provided at the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9 and an externally connected differential pressure gauge 19.

[0058] The gas delivery element is used to deliver external source gas into the sample chamber 9 or deliver the overflow gas generated after the reaction out of the sample chamber 9, and includes: a first gas delivery pipeline 2 connected to the first gas input port, an overflow gas output pipeline 6 connected to the gas output port, and a second gas delivery pipeline 16 connected to the second gas input port.

[0059] A first gas path switch 3 and a first gas flow control valve 4 are provided on the first gas delivery pipeline 2.

[0060] A second gas path switch 17 and a second gas flow control valve 15 are provided on the second gas delivery pipeline 16.

[0061] The heating element includes a sample chamber heating jacket 10 arranged axially around the sample chamber 9 and a pipeline heating jacket 13 arranged axially around the second gas delivery pipeline 16.

[0062] The heat preservation element 8 is placed axially around the sample chamber 9 and its sample chamber heating jacket 10, and together with the sample chamber heating jacket 10 constitutes the temperature control unit of the sample chamber 9, and adjusts its heat supply situation based on the temperature change coefficient of the sample chamber 9. The heat preservation element 8 can specifically be a heat preservation sleeve made of heat preservation material.

[0063] Heat preservation elements can also be provided around the second gas delivery pipeline 16 and the pipeline heating jacket 13.

[0064] The temperature detection and display element is placed on the gas delivery pipeline at the bottom of the sample chamber 9 and is used to detect and display the temperature of the gas in the second gas delivery pipeline 16. The temperature detection and display element includes a first temperature detection and display element 12 and a second temperature detection and display element 14, which are respectively arranged at the corresponding inlet and outlet of the pipeline heating jacket 13 before and after, and are used to detect and display the actual temperatures of the source gas before and after being heated by the pipeline heating jacket 13.

[0065] The sealing element includes:

[0066] A first sealing ring 1 between the gas source and the first gas delivery pipeline 2;

[0067] A second sealing ring 18 between the gas source and the second gas delivery pipeline 16;

[0068] The sealing chamber 5 between the sample chamber 9 and the overflow gas output pipeline 6. The cross-sectional area of the sealing chamber 5 is larger than that of the overflow gas output pipeline 6, and the cross-sectional area of the sealing chamber 5 is also larger than that of the sample chamber 9. The sealing chamber 5 is used to prevent the overflow gas from leaking to the outside of the reactor, and at the same time, it can realize the mixing of the carrier gas and the gaseous products of the pyrolysis reaction, which is convenient for subsequent detection and analysis.

[0069] The sealing chamber 5 can be externally connected to a second temperature measuring device 7. The second temperature measuring device 7 is used to measure the gas temperature in the sealing chamber 5.

[0070] The first temperature measuring device 11 and the second temperature measuring device 7 can be thermocouple temperature measuring devices.

[0071] The gas analysis and detection element is an overflow gas analysis module 20, which is connected to the overflow gas output pipeline 6 and mainly performs real-time detection and analysis on the overflow gas.

[0072] Preferably, the aspect ratio of the sample chamber 9 of the pyrolysis fixed bed reactor is preferably 2-10:1.

[0073] Preferably, the heating method of the sample chamber heating sleeve 10 is resistance heating and temperature control.

[0074] Preferably, the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample in the sample chamber 9 comes from the generation of the carrier gas and the gaseous products of the pyrolysis reaction.

[0075] Preferably, the bottom of the sample chamber 9 is a mesh breathable partition or a flat sealing partition.

[0076] The mesh number of the mesh breathable partition can be adjusted to any mesh number between 16 and 100 meshes.

[0077] More preferably, the mesh number of the mesh breathable partition is 30-80 meshes.

[0078] A working method of a pyrolysis fixed bed reactor, the working method includes one or more of the following methods:

[0079] Method 1: Study the pyrolysis process of tobacco biomass under the action of gas flow diffusion:

[0080] When a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9: A flat sealing partition is selected for the bottom of the sample chamber 9. The tobacco biomass is placed on the flat sealing partition in the sample loading area of the sample chamber 9. The second gas path switch 17 of the second gas delivery pipeline 16 at the bottom of the sample chamber 9 is closed, and the first gas path switch 3 of the first gas delivery pipeline 2 connected to the side wall of the sample chamber 9 is opened. The first gas flow control valve 4 is rotated. The carrier gas from the external gas source flows from the first gas delivery pipeline 2 to the overflow gas output pipeline 6 without passing through the heated tobacco sample in the sample chamber 9. Therefore, the aerosol generated by the heating of the tobacco enters 6 solely by natural diffusion. The appropriate flow rate of the measurement gas flow is adjusted through the first gas flow control valve 4. The sample chamber heating jacket 10 selects a heating method to heat the tobacco biomass. The first temperature measurement device 11 and the second temperature measurement device 7 are used to detect the real-time temperatures in the sample chamber 9 and the sealed chamber 5 respectively. The differential pressure gauge 19 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9. The overflow gas is analyzed and studied using a gas analysis and detection element;

[0081] When the bottom of the sample chamber 9 is sealed: Either a flat sealing partition or a mesh breathable partition can be selected for the bottom of the sample chamber 9. The tobacco biomass is placed in the sample chamber 9. The first gas path switch 3 of the first gas delivery pipeline 2 connected to the side wall of the sample chamber 9 is opened. The first gas flow control valve 4 is rotated. The carrier gas flows from the first gas delivery pipeline 2 to the overflow gas output pipeline 6 without passing through the heated tobacco sample in the sample chamber 9. Therefore, the aerosol generated by the heating of the tobacco enters 6 solely by natural diffusion. The appropriate flow rate of the measurement gas flow is adjusted through the first gas flow control valve 4. The sample chamber heating jacket 10 selects a heating method to heat the tobacco biomass. The first temperature measurement device 11 and the second temperature measurement device 7 are used to detect the real-time temperatures in the sample chamber 9 and the sealed chamber 5 respectively. The differential pressure gauge 19 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9. The overflow gas is analyzed and studied using a gas analysis and detection element;

[0082] The above pipeline heating jacket 13 is in a closed state;

[0083] Method 2: Study the pyrolysis process of tobacco biomass under the action of gas flow convection:

[0084] At this time, a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9: a mesh breathable partition is selected for the bottom of the sample chamber 9, and the tobacco biomass is placed on the mesh breathable partition in the sample loading area of the sample chamber 9. Close the first gas path switch 3, open the second gas path switch 17, rotate the second gas flow control valve 15 to adjust the appropriate bottom air flow size. The carrier gas from the external gas source flows from the second gas delivery pipe 16 to the overflow gas output pipe 6. The carrier gas passes through the heated tobacco sample, so the aerosol generated by the heated tobacco enters 6 by convection. The sample chamber heating jacket 10 selects a heating method to heat the tobacco biomass. The first temperature measuring device 11 and the second temperature measuring device 7 are used to detect the real-time temperatures in the sample chamber 9 and the sealed chamber 5 respectively. The differential pressure gauge 19 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9. The overflow gas is analyzed and studied by using a gas analysis and detection element;

[0085] Method 3: Study the pyrolysis process of tobacco biomass under the coexistence of gas flow diffusion and convection:

[0086] At this time, a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9:

[0087] A mesh breathable partition is selected for the bottom of the sample chamber 9, and the tobacco biomass is placed on the mesh breathable partition in the sample loading area of the sample chamber 9. Open the first gas path switch 3 and the second gas path switch 17, rotate the first gas flow control valve 4 and the second gas flow control valve 15 to adjust the appropriate side flow and bottom air flow sizes. The sample chamber heating jacket 10 selects a heating method to heat the tobacco biomass. The first temperature measuring device 11 and the second temperature measuring device 7 are used to detect the real-time temperatures in the sample chamber 9 and the sealed chamber 5 respectively. The differential pressure gauge 19 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9. The overflow gas is analyzed and studied by using a gas analysis and detection element;

[0088] Method 4: Study the pyrolysis process of tobacco biomass under gas flow heating conditions:

[0089] At this time, a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 9:

[0090] A mesh breathable partition is selected for the bottom of the sample chamber 9, and the tobacco biomass is placed on the mesh breathable partition in the sample loading area of the sample chamber 9. Close the first gas path switch 3, open the second gas path switch 17 and the pipeline heating jacket 13, rotate the second gas flow control valve 15 to adjust the appropriate side flow air flow size. The pipeline heating jacket 13 selects a heating method to heat the bottom air flow. The first temperature measuring device 11 and the second temperature measuring device 7 are used to detect the real-time temperatures in the sample chamber 9 and the sealed chamber 5 respectively. The differential pressure gauge 19 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the sample chamber 9. The overflow gas is analyzed and studied by using a gas analysis and detection element.

[0091] In Modes 1, 2, and 3, the pipeline heating jacket 13 is closed. In Mode 4, the sample chamber heating jacket 10 is closed.

[0092] The above-mentioned Mode 1 can be used to simulate the pyrolysis process of the tobacco section of a closed-type heated cigarette. In a closed-type heated cigarette: external air does not pass through the tobacco section. After the external air enters the cigarette from the hollow section downstream of the tobacco section, it enters the user's mouth along with the aerosol generated by the heating of the tobacco section. For example, the structure of the closed-type heated cigarette can be the solution described in Patent Application No. 202020743514.7.

[0093] The above-mentioned Mode 2 can be used to simulate the pyrolysis process of the tobacco section of a conventional heated cigarette. In a conventional heated cigarette: external air enters the cigarette from the upstream of the tobacco section, flows through the tobacco section, and enters the user's mouth along with the aerosol generated by the heating of the tobacco section.

[0094] The above-mentioned Mode 3 can be used to simulate the pyrolysis process of the tobacco section of a conventional heated cigarette with holes in the hollow section. In a conventional heated cigarette with holes in the hollow section: external air enters the cigarette from the upstream of the tobacco section, flows through the tobacco section, the aerosol generated by the heating of the tobacco section flows downstream, and mixes with the second stream of external air entering from the hollow section downstream of the tobacco section, and then enters the user's mouth.

[0095] The above-mentioned Mode 4 can be used to simulate the pyrolysis process of the tobacco section of a conventional heated cigarette under airflow heating. The external air is heated and then enters the cigarette from the upstream of the tobacco section, and then flows through the tobacco section, causing the tobacco section to generate aerosol and enter the user's mouth together with the hot air.

[0096] Of course, Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 can also be freely combined to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of the sample to be tested under different conditions.

[0097] The heating method of the sample chamber heating jacket 10 is selected from one of resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, airflow heating, and microwave heating.

[0098] The heating method of the pipeline heating jacket 13 is selected from one of resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, airflow heating, and microwave heating.

[0099] The heating methods of the sample chamber heating jacket 10 and the pipeline heating jacket 13 can be freely combined to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of the sample to be tested under different conditions.

[0100] Preferably, the heating methods of the pipeline heating jacket 13 and the sample chamber heating jacket 10 are resistance heating, and the heating time is 3 - 120 min for both.

[0101] Preferably, the mass of the tobacco-based biomass is 2 - 5 g.

[0102] Further preferably, the carrier gas of the external gas source is an inert gas, or compressed air, or a mixture of an inert gas and oxygen.

[0103] Further preferably, the gas flow rate of the external gas source does not exceed 30% of the gas generated by biomass pyrolysis.

[0104] Preferably, when the sample chamber heating jacket 10 is heated, the pipeline heating jacket 13 is not heated.

[0105] Preferably, the heating temperatures of the sample chamber heating jacket 10 and the pipeline heating jacket 13 are any temperature between 20 °C and 300 °C.

[0106] Preferably, the gas flow rates of the first gas transmission pipeline 2 and the second gas transmission pipeline 16 are 0 mL / s to 30 mL / s.

[0107] In this fixed bed reactor, through the cooperation of the above components, various heating methods such as resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, infrared heating, gas flow heating, and microwave heating can be integrated.

[0108] This application provides an optional heat exchange form, gas flow direction, and flow rate for the reaction system by integrating multiple gas paths, and analyzes the pyrolysis characteristics of the sample to be measured under different conditions.

[0109] Example 1

[0110] A pyrolysis fixed bed reactor is composed of a sample chamber, a differential pressure test element, a gas transmission element, a resistance heating element, a heat preservation element, a temperature detection and display element, a sealing element, and a gas analysis and detection element. The structure is as Figure 1 which will not be elaborated here.

[0111] The system operation process of this application is as follows:

[0112] Before operation, open the sealing chamber 2, place a flat sealing partition at the bottom of the sample chamber 9, and fill 2 g of tobacco biomass in the sample loading area of the sample chamber 9 of the fixed bed reactor.

[0113] During operation, axially install a resistance heating type sample chamber heating jacket 10 around the sample chamber 9, and turn on the sample chamber heating jacket 10, the first gas path switch 3, the heat preservation element 8, the first temperature measuring device 11, and the differential pressure gauge 19. When the temperature in the sample chamber 9 of the fixed bed reactor rises to the required set temperature, rotate the second gas flow control valve 15 until the gas flow rate of the gas source stabilizes at 5 mL / s.

[0114] After the temperature stabilizes, the tobacco biomass in the sample chamber 9 undergoes rapid pyrolysis / gasification reaction to produce volatile products. These volatile products are collected in the overflow gas analysis module 20 for gas phase product analysis.

[0115] Preferably, the source gas is compressed air.

[0116] Preferably, the height-to-diameter ratio of the sample chamber 9 is 3:1, so as to ensure uniform heating of the tobacco biomass in the sample chamber 9.

[0117] It should be noted that the conditions such as the configuration of the fixed-bed reactor, the types of samples in the sample chamber, the types and flow rates of the source gas, etc. described above and the preferred embodiments are only used to deepen the understanding of the present invention, and can be regarded as exemplary rather than restrictive. Without infringing the claims of the present invention, various explorations can be made on the equipment configuration and operating conditions when using the device provided by the present invention.

[0118] The above embodiments only elaborate in detail on the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, characterized in that, The fixed-bed reactor includes: a sample chamber (9), a gas delivery element, and a heating element; Among them, a first gas inlet is provided on the upper sidewall of the sample chamber (9), a gas outlet is provided at the top of the sample chamber (9), and the bottom of the sample chamber (9) is sealed or a second gas inlet is provided at the bottom; The gas delivery element includes: a first gas delivery pipe (2) connected to the first gas inlet and an overflow gas output pipe (6) connected to the gas outlet; The heating element includes a sample chamber heating jacket (10) arranged around the sample chamber (9).

2. The pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas delivery element further includes: a second gas delivery pipe (16) connected to the second gas inlet.

3. The pyrolysis fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, wherein The heating element further includes: a pipeline heating jacket (13) arranged around the second gas delivery pipe (16).

4. The pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor according to claim 3, wherein The sample chamber heating jacket (10) is selected from one of the following: a resistance heating type heating jacket, an electromagnetic induction heating type heating jacket, an infrared heating type heating jacket, an air flow heating type heating jacket, and a microwave heating type heating jacket; The pipeline heating jacket (13) is selected from one of the following: a resistance heating type heating jacket, an electromagnetic induction heating type heating jacket, an infrared heating type heating jacket, an air flow heating type heating jacket, and a microwave heating type heating jacket.

5. The pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first gas path switch (3) and a first gas flow control valve (4) are provided on the first gas delivery pipe (2); A second gas path switch (17) and a second gas flow control valve (15) are provided on the second gas delivery pipe (16).

6. The pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor according to claim 3, wherein, A seal chamber (5) is provided between the overflow gas output pipe (6) and the gas outlet.

7. The pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor further includes: A differential pressure test element, which includes test ports arranged at the bottom and the top of the sample chamber (9) and an external differential pressure gauge (19) for measuring the pressure difference between the bottom of the sample and the headspace of the sample; A heat preservation element (8), which is arranged outside the sample chamber heating jacket (10); A first temperature measuring device (11), which is configured to measure the temperature inside the sample chamber (9).

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