Teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, and discloses a teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation, which comprises a shell model in a human prostate shape and used for simulating a human prostate surgery envelope structure and a blood vessel structure of an envelope walking towards an inner gland, the prostate surgery envelope structure and the blood vessel structure are integrally formed; the upper portion of the shell model is provided with a first pipe opening used for being connected with a bladder model, the two sides of the upper portion of the shell model are each provided with a second pipe opening, internal ports of the second pipe openings are communicated with a vascular structure, and external ports of the second pipe openings are used for being connected with an external infusion apparatus to simulate blood circulation. The lower portion of the shell model is provided with a third pipe opening used for being connected with the urethra model. The internal model comprises a prostate urethra part and a prostate internal gland structure. The model is closer to a real hyperplasia gland in texture and physical characteristics, so that a doctor can obtain touch and force feedback which is very similar to that of actual operation when performing resectoscope combined laser vaporization or enucleation training.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a teaching model for simulating transurethral laser vaporization or enucleation of the prostate. Background Technique

[0002] In recent years, transurethral laser enucleation of the prostate has gradually developed into a preferred surgical method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. Compared with the classic open surgery or transurethral resection of the prostate, this surgical method significantly improves the hemostasis efficiency by using advanced laser equipment, reducing the intraoperative blood loss. At the same time, it can enucleate the hyperplastic inner gland tissue to the greatest extent, thus improving the treatment effect, and reducing the damage to the surrounding normal anatomical structures, further enhancing the safety of the surgery. However, a number of studies have pointed out that the operation of enucleation is difficult and the learning curve is long, bringing great challenges to beginners and severely limiting the wide application of this technology in clinical practice.

[0003] Transurethral laser vaporization of the prostate is another safe and effective minimally invasive treatment method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. This technology uses high temperature to vaporize the prostate tissue, thereby achieving the resection of the hyperplastic inner gland. Compared with resection and enucleation, this technology is relatively easy to learn. However, it is still difficult to correctly identify the surgical capsule and ensure complete vaporization to the capsule level. Therefore, beginners need to practice a certain number of times to master this technology proficiently.

[0004] Traditional learning methods mainly involve learners repeatedly watching standard surgical videos performed by previous experts, and then performing surgical operations under the on-site guidance of experienced physicians. However, for beginners, directly operating when the technology is not yet proficient is too risky. Another learning approach is to use human or animal cadavers as models for training surgical operations. However, such models lack blood circulation and cannot reproduce the hemostasis link during the surgical process. In addition, they are restricted by relevant laws and regulations in some regions, and it is difficult to obtain models, so it is difficult to promote. Some scholars have tried to develop training devices for simulating enucleation surgery using virtual reality technology, but this equipment is costly and it is difficult to achieve tactile and force feedback very close to actual operation. Therefore, its popularization and application also face huge challenges.

[0005] Therefore, improvements need to be made in this regard. Content of the Utility Model

[0006] The technical problem solved by the utility model is to provide a teaching model for simulating transurethral laser vaporization or enucleation of the prostate to solve the problems raised in the above background technique in view of the defects existing in the above prior art.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows: A teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation surgery, comprising: a housing model, the housing model being in the shape of a human prostate; the housing model is used to simulate the surgical capsule structure of the human prostate and the vascular structure that runs from the capsule into the inner gland, the surgical capsule structure of the prostate and the vascular structure being integrally formed, the upper part of the housing model being provided with a first nozzle for connecting a bladder model, and both sides of the upper part of the housing model being respectively provided with second nozzles, the inner ports of the second nozzles being communicated with the vascular structure, and the outer ports of the second nozzles being used to connect an external infusion device for simulating blood circulation; the lower part of the housing model being provided with a third nozzle for connecting a urethra model; an inner model, the inner model including a prostatic urethra part and a prostatic inner gland structure filled between the housing model and the prostatic urethra part.

[0008] Further, the prostatic inner gland structure is formed by hydrogel coagulation.

[0009] Further, the housing model includes an upper shell and a lower shell connected to the upper shell, and the upper shell and the lower shell are connected by glue.

[0010] Further, the housing model is white and the inner model is flesh-colored.

[0011] Further, the average thickness of the housing model away from the tip of the lower part of the housing model is 2 - 4 mm, the thickness of the housing model near the tip of the lower part of the housing model increases and sinks inwardly, and the thickness of the tip of the lower part of the housing model is 1 - 2 cm.

[0012] Further, one or more inwardly recessed portions are provided on the inner side wall of the housing model, and the recessed portions are used to simulate the depressions formed by the extrusion of the prostate nodules on the surgical capsule.

[0013] Further, an oval structure with a depression is provided on the prostatic urethra model, and the complementary protrusion formed by the oval depression structure on the inner gland is used as the seminal colliculus mark.

[0014] Further, the vascular structure includes more than one vascular branch, and the vascular branches respectively converge at the second nozzles to form a vascular main trunk.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. When in use, it can combine real case three-dimensional reconstruction and rely on 3D printing technology to more accurately reproduce the actual condition in the patient's prostate, and it is a highly personalized precision training model.

[0017] 2. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel material in this model, such as density and elasticity, are comparable to those of the human prostate tissue. The hydrogel itself has good viscosity and can adhere well to the inner wall of the outer shell after perfusion and heat molding, and the boundary between the two materials is clear for easy identification. The hydrogel is rich in water content and has good flame retardancy, and can smoothly complete operations such as cutting or vaporization under laser irradiation, which is beneficial for high-fidelity training of prostate laser vaporization / enucleation.

[0018] 3. Structures such as blood vessels and blood are designed in the model, which helps to train the operator to simulate the process of using laser technology to stop bleeding when encountering bleeding during the operation.

[0019] 4. The materials in this model are easy to obtain, the manufacturing process is simple, the cost is economical, and it has good reusability. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural view of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic view of putting the prostatic urethra model.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural view of the prostatic urethra.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural view of the upper shell of the outer shell model.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural view of the lower shell of the outer shell model.

[0025] Figure 6 It is an overall schematic view after taking out the prostatic urethra model (final training model).

[0026] Reference Signs: 1. Outer shell model; 2. First pipe orifice; 3. Third pipe orifice; 4. Second pipe orifice; 5. Internal model; 6. Prostatic urethra; 7. Inner gland structure of the prostate; 8. Upper shell; 9. Lower shell; 10. Tip part; 11. Concave part; 12. Oval structure; 13. Main blood vessel; 14. Blood vessel branch. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0027] The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0028] The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a number of" and "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "connected to", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances. In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through other features between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0029] As Figures 1-3As shown, a teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation is provided, including: a housing model 1, which is in the shape of the human prostate. The housing model 1 is used to simulate the surgical capsule structure of the human prostate and the vascular structure that runs from the capsule into the inner gland. The prostate surgical capsule structure and the vascular structure are integrally formed. The upper part of the housing model 1 is provided with a first nozzle 2 for connecting to the bladder model. On both sides of the upper part of the housing model 1, second nozzles 4 are respectively provided. The inner port of the second nozzle 4 communicates with the vascular structure integrally formed with the housing model 1. The outer port of the second nozzle 4 is used to connect to an external infusion device to simulate blood circulation. The lower part of the housing model 1 is provided with a third nozzle 3 for connecting to the urethra model; an inner model 5, which includes a prostatic urethra part 6 and a prostatic inner gland structure 7 filled between the housing model 1 and the prostatic urethra part 6.

[0030] In view of the technical problems recorded in the background art, in order to improve the operation practice of beginners in prostate laser vaporization or enucleation, this teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation is provided. In the above technical solution, all the model structures that need to be 3D printed in this model are obtained through the following procedures: First, after obtaining the consent of the patient himself, the enhanced CT and MRI data of the patient's urinary system are obtained and imported into the mimics 20.0 software for preliminary reconstruction of the prostate model. The preliminarily reconstructed model data is imported into the zbrush 2022 software for detailed design and adjustment. Finally, the obtained model data is imported into the magics 21.0 software for retouching, and then 3D printing is carried out.

[0031] Among them, for the housing model 1 part, it is integrally 3D printed by using an Agilus soft gel material (Shore hardness: 30HS) through Polyjet 3D forming technology. For the prostatic urethra part 6 in the inner model 5, the model is 3D printed by using a heat-resistant resin material (Shore hardness: 85D) through SLA stereolithography. The overall prostatic urethra structure model is in a fissure shape.

[0032] For the prostatic inner gland structure 7 in the inner model 5, polyacrylamide / sodium alginate hydrogel can be poured into the housing model 1 and then heated to form. In order to make the model closer to real tissue in color, water-soluble pigment dyes can be added during the preparation of the hydrogel for staining.

[0033] To achieve the purpose of simulating blood flow, an integrally formed vascular structure is set in the prostate outer shell model 1. During the manufacturing process, the prostate urethra part 6 is placed inside the outer shell model 1. After injecting polyacrylamide / sodium alginate hydrogel into the outer shell model 1 and heating it to form a mold, the model of the prostate urethra part 6 is then taken out. The second nozzle 4 is connected to an external infusion device, and the external infusion device transports simulated blood to meet the requirements of simulating blood flow. Thus, the preparation of the entire teaching model is completed.

[0034] When practicing the operation of prostate laser vaporization or enucleation: First, insert a resectoscope or a dedicated laser operation handle and optical fiber through the opening at the tip of the prostate, connect the light source and the irrigation channel to ensure a clear field of view. Then use a cystoscope to observe the condition of the prostate, paying special attention to the position of the seminal colliculus and the hyperplastic condition of the prostate. Use the laser optical fiber to cut, dissect, and excise along the space between the prostate surgical capsule and the hyperplastic prostate gland. During the enucleation process, use the coagulation and hemostasis function of the laser to control bleeding. For larger bleeding points, the laser power and frequency can be appropriately adjusted for hemostasis. After the enucleation is completed, carefully check the prostate fossa to ensure there are no residual bleeding points and glandular tissues. Finally, use a tissue morcellator to crush and aspirate the prostate tissue mass in the bladder out of the body.

[0035] Reference Figures 4-5 As a preferred technical solution, the outer shell model 1 includes an upper shell 8 and a lower shell 9 connected to the upper shell 8, and the upper shell 8 and the lower shell 9 are connected by glue.

[0036] In the model preparation, the outer shell model 1 can be separately prepared in the form of an upper shell 8 and a lower shell 9. The upper end and the lower end of the prostate urethra part model 6 as shown in Figure 3 can be inserted into the upper shell 8 and the lower shell 9 respectively. Then, polyacrylamide / sodium alginate hydrogel can be separately injected into the upper shell 9 and the lower shell 10 and heated to form the inner gland structure 7 of the prostate. When the upper shell 9 and the lower shell 10 are joined together, they are connected by glue to form a mold. Similarly, first connect the upper shell 9 and the lower shell 10 with glue, then insert the prostate urethra model 6 as shown in Figure 3 and then inject the above hydrogel to achieve the same effect. Preferably, since the outer shell model 1 is made of soft rubber material, the outer shell model 1 can also be integrally printed and formed, and the above hydrogel can be injected in the form of inserting a syringe along the first nozzle to prepare the inner gland structure 7 of the prostate.

[0037] Furthermore, to achieve the simulation of the prostate, the outer shell model 1 is white, and the internal model 5 is flesh-colored. This is convenient for the practitioner to observe and distinguish.

[0038] Such as Figure 2As shown, specifically, the average thickness of the outer shell model 1 away from the lower tip part 11 of the outer shell model 1 is 2-4 mm. The thickness of the outer shell model 1 increases and indents inward near the lower tip part 11 of the outer shell model 1, and the thickness of the lower tip part 11 of the outer shell model 1 is 1-2 cm.

[0039] For further simulation of the prostate, the outer shell model 1 is contoured with the prostate, and the thickness of the capsule of the outer shell model 1 is set by contouring. Preferably, the average thickness of the outer shell model 1 away from the lower tip part 11 of the outer shell model 1 is 3 mm, and the thickness of the lower tip part 11 of the outer shell model 1 is 1 cm.

[0040] Refer to Figures 2-3 As shown, one or more inwardly recessed concave parts 12 are provided on the inner side wall of the outer shell model 1, and the concave parts 12 are used to simulate the depressions formed by the prostate nodules squeezing the surgical capsule.

[0041] Specifically, an oval structure 13 with a recess is provided on the prostate urethra part model 6. When the hydrogel is heated and cured, after pulling out the prostate urethra part model 6, an oval protrusion will be formed at the complementary position of the oval structure 13 in the inner gland structure 7. The protrusion is used as the seminal colliculus marker to simulate the key anatomical positioning marker, the seminal colliculus.

[0042] As Figure 6 As shown, the vascular structure includes more than one vascular branch 15, and the vascular branches 15 respectively converge with the second nozzle 3 to form a vascular main trunk 14. One vascular main trunk 14 branches into several vascular branches 15 on one side of the prostate base and runs in the inner gland, and then re-converges into one vascular main trunk 14 on the other side of the base and flows out of the prostate model. Simulated blood is transported through an external infusion device to simulate the blood flow condition. Preferably, egg white mixed with red pigment is often used as the simulated blood, and under the irradiation of laser, high temperature is generated and the egg white solidifies to realize the simulation of the hemostasis process.

[0043] The above does not impose any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation surgery, characterized in that, Comprising: A shell model, which is in the shape of the human prostate; the shell model is used to simulate the surgical capsule structure of the human prostate and the vascular structure that runs from the capsule into the inner gland. The prostate surgical capsule structure and the vascular structure are integrally formed. The upper part of the shell model is provided with a first nozzle for connecting to the bladder model. On both sides of the upper part of the shell model, there are respectively second nozzles. The inner ports of the second nozzles communicate with the vascular structure, and the outer ports of the second nozzles are used to connect to an external infusion device to simulate blood circulation; the lower part of the shell model is provided with a third nozzle for connecting to the urethra model. An internal model, which includes the prostatic urethra and the prostatic inner gland structure filled between the shell model and the prostatic urethra.

2. The teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prostatic inner gland structure is formed by the coagulation of hydrogel.

3. The teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell model includes an upper shell and a lower shell connected to the upper shell, and the upper shell and the lower shell are connected by glue.

4. The teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell model is white, and the internal model is flesh-colored.

5. The teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average thickness of the shell model away from the tip of the lower part of the shell model is 2 - 4 mm. The thickness of the shell model near the tip of the lower part of the shell model increases and indents inwardly, and the thickness of the tip of the lower part of the shell model is 1 - 2 cm.

6. The teaching model for simulating laser vaporization or enucleation of the prostate according to claim 1, wherein: One or more recessed portions are provided on the inner sidewall of the shell model, and the recessed portions are used to simulate the depressions formed by the extrusion of the prostate nodules on the surgical capsule.

7. The teaching model for simulating laser vaporization or enucleation of the prostate according to claim 1, wherein: An oval structure with a depression is provided on the prostatic urethra model, and the complementary protrusion formed by the oval depression structure on the inner gland is used as the seminal colliculus marker.

8. The teaching model for simulating prostate laser vaporization or enucleation surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vascular structure includes more than one vascular branch, and the vascular branches converge at the second nozzles respectively to form a vascular trunk.

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