Cyclone separator

Abstract

The utility model provides a cyclone separator which comprises a separation cylinder, an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe, an air inlet is formed in the lower end of the exhaust pipe, an air outlet is formed in the upper end of the exhaust pipe, the cyclone separator further comprises a flow guide part, and the flow guide part is arranged at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe and can guide substances entering the exhaust pipe from the separation cylinder to rotate around the central axis of the exhaust pipe to form rotational flow; an exhaust port is formed in the side wall of the exhaust pipe and located above an air inlet of the exhaust pipe and below an air outlet of the exhaust pipe. According to the cyclone separator, primary gas-solid separation can be completed in the separation barrel, secondary gas-solid separation can be completed in the exhaust pipe, high separation efficiency is achieved through two times of gas-solid separation, especially the separation efficiency of solid particles with small particle sizes, and in addition, the two times of gas-solid separation are conducted in the same cyclone separator, so that the separation efficiency is greatly improved. Compared with the prior art that two cyclone separators are connected in series to realize two-time gas-solid separation, the occupied space is reduced, and the investment cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of separation equipment, and particularly relates to a cyclone separator. Background Art

[0002] A cyclone separator is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas stream. Cyclone separators are widely used in industry. For example, they are used in fluid catalytic cracking units in the petroleum processing industry and in fluidized dry distillation units of pulverized coal or powdered oil shale in the coal chemical industry.

[0003] For current cyclone separators, the separation efficiency for tiny solid particles (especially solid particles with a particle size less than 10 microns) is very low. To meet the process requirements, two cyclone separators are connected in series for two-stage gas-solid separation to improve the separation efficiency of tiny solid particles. However, connecting two cyclone separators in series increases the space occupancy and results in a higher investment cost.

[0004] In view of this, how to balance the separation efficiency and space occupancy of a cyclone separator, and ensure that the cyclone separator has a high separation efficiency for tiny solid particles and a small space occupancy is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] To solve the above problems, this application provides a cyclone separator. The cyclone separator includes a separation cylinder, an air inlet pipe, and an exhaust pipe. An air inlet is provided at the lower end of the exhaust pipe, and an air outlet is provided at the upper end of the exhaust pipe. The cyclone separator further includes a guiding part. The guiding part is arranged at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe and can guide the material entering the exhaust pipe from the separation cylinder to rotate around the central axis of the exhaust pipe to form a swirling flow. A discharge port is provided on the side wall of the exhaust pipe. The discharge port is located above the air inlet and below the air outlet of the exhaust pipe.

[0006] In an embodiment of the cyclone separator, the guiding part includes a plurality of guiding plates. The guiding plates are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the exhaust pipe. Each guiding plate is inclined obliquely relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe, so that one side is high and the other side is low. The high side is closer to the air outlet of the exhaust pipe than the low side. During operation, the material entering the exhaust pipe from the separation cylinder flows from the low side of the guiding plate to the high side of the guiding plate.

[0007] In an embodiment of the cyclone separator, the width dimension F of the discharge port ranges from 0.1d ≤ F ≤ 0.8d, where d is the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe.

[0008] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, the cyclone separator further includes a reflux channel, the reflux channel communicates with the discharge port and the separation cylinder, so that the substance discharged from the discharge port can return to the separation cylinder through the reflux channel.

[0009] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, the number of the reflux channels is one or more. When there are multiple reflux channels, each reflux channel is arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the separation cylinder in turn.

[0010] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, the lower end of the reflux channel communicates with the outer edge area of the upper end plate of the separation cylinder.

[0011] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, the reflux channel is inclined relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe.

[0012] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, a Tesla valve is arranged inside the reflux channel to limit the substance in the separation cylinder from entering the exhaust pipe through the reflux channel.

[0013] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, the cyclone separator includes an ash accumulation chamber, the ash accumulation chamber is sleeved on the outer periphery of the side wall of the exhaust pipe, the inner peripheral side of the ash accumulation chamber communicates with the discharge port, and the upper end of the reflux channel is connected to the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber and is indirectly communicated with the discharge port through the ash accumulation chamber.

[0014] An embodiment of a cyclone separator, the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber is lower than the lower edge of the discharge port, and the top of the ash accumulation chamber is higher than or flush with the upper edge of the discharge port.

[0015] By arranging a guiding part at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe of the cyclone separator, the primary gas-phase swirl entering the exhaust pipe is guided by the guiding part to increase the speed to a high-speed swirl, so that secondary gas-solid separation can be completed in the exhaust pipe. The separation efficiency is improved through two-stage gas-solid separation, especially the separation efficiency of fine-particle-size solid particles. The content of solid particles in the discharged gas is effectively reduced. Moreover, the two-stage gas-solid separation is carried out in the same cyclone separator. Compared with the previous method of realizing two-stage gas-solid separation by connecting two cyclone separators in series, the space occupation is reduced and the investment cost is lowered. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 A perspective schematic diagram of an embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is Figure 1 A top view of the cyclone separator shown in the figure, and the guiding part and the reflux channel are not shown in the figure;

[0018] Figure 3 isFigure 1 Partial enlarged view;

[0019] Figure 4 is Figure 1 Partial enlarged view;

[0020] Figure 5 Top view of the exhaust pipe and the flow guiding part of another embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present application;

[0021] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of an application example of the cyclone separator provided by the present application;

[0022] Figure 7 Comparison table of the separation effects of several embodiments of the cyclone separator provided by the present application and the conventional cyclone separator;

[0023] Figure 8 Comparison table of the separation effects of several embodiments of the cyclone separator provided by the present application and the conventional cyclone separator;

[0024] Figure 9 Comparison table of the separation effects of several embodiments of the cyclone separator provided by the present application and the conventional cyclone separator.

[0025] Explanation of the reference numerals is as follows:

[0026] 100 Separation cylinder, 101 Cylindrical cylinder, 102 Conical cylinder, 103 Ash baffle cone cylinder, 104 Upper end plate;

[0027] 200 Inlet pipe;

[0028] 300 Exhaust pipe, 301 Discharge port;

[0029] 400 Ash discharge pipe;

[0030] 500 Flow guiding part, 501 Flow guiding plate;

[0031] 600 Ash accumulation chamber;

[0032] 700 Return channel;

[0033] 800 Tesla valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the cyclone separator includes a separation cylinder 100, an inlet pipe 200, an exhaust pipe 300, and an ash discharge pipe 400.

[0036] Among them, the separation cylinder 100 includes a cylindrical cylinder 101, a conical cylinder 102, a dust-blocking conical cylinder 103, and an upper end plate 104. The upper end plate 104 is located at the upper end of the cylindrical cylinder 101 and blocks the upper port of the cylindrical cylinder 101. The conical cylinder 102 is located at the lower end of the cylindrical cylinder 101. The dust-blocking conical cylinder 103 is located inside the cylindrical cylinder 101 and above the conical cylinder 102, and the upper end of the dust-blocking conical cylinder 103 is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder 101. The cylindrical cylinder 101, the conical cylinder 102, and the dust-blocking conical cylinder 103 are preferably coaxially arranged.

[0037] Among them, the lower end of the exhaust pipe 300 is provided with an air inlet, and the upper end is provided with an air outlet. The air inlet of the exhaust pipe 300 is communicated with the separation cylinder 100. More specifically, it is communicated with the upper space of the cylindrical cylinder 101, and specifically, it can extend through the upper end plate 104 into the upper space of the cylindrical cylinder 101. The exhaust pipe 300 and the separation cylinder 100 are preferably coaxially arranged.

[0038] Among them, the inlet pipe 200 is communicated with the separation cylinder 100. More specifically, it is communicated with the upper space of the cylindrical cylinder 101. As Figure 2 shown, the inlet pipe 200 is substantially tangent to the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder 101. The cross-section of the inlet pipe 200 can be rectangular, but of course it is not limited to rectangular.

[0039] Among them, the ash discharge pipe 400 is connected to the lower end of the separation cylinder 100. More specifically, it is connected to the lower end of the conical cylinder 102.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, the cyclone separator further includes a diversion part 500. The diversion part 500 is arranged at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe 300 and can guide the substances entering the exhaust pipe 300 to rotate around the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300 to form a swirling flow. A discharge port 301 is provided on the side wall of the exhaust pipe 300. The discharge port 301 is located above the air inlet and below the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 300.

[0041] Taking the separation of dust-containing gas as an example to illustrate the working process of the above cyclone separator:

[0042] The dust-containing gas enters the separation cylinder 100 at a high speed substantially along the tangential direction of the separation cylinder 100 through the inlet pipe 200, rotates at a high speed around the central axis of the separation cylinder 100 in the separation cylinder 100, and is gradually separated into two primary swirling flows due to different centrifugal forces. One primary swirling flow (the main component of this primary swirling flow is solid particles, hereinafter referred to as the primary solid-phase swirling flow) rotates outward and approaches the side wall of the separation cylinder 100 and rotates downward along the side wall of the separation cylinder 100 and finally discharges from the ash discharge pipe 400. The other swirling flow (the main component of this primary swirling flow is gas, hereinafter referred to as the primary gas-phase swirling flow) rotates inward and approaches the central axis of the separation cylinder 100 and rotates upward around the central axis of the separation cylinder 100 and finally enters the exhaust pipe 300, thereby realizing the primary gas-solid separation.

[0043] Since a flow guiding part 500 is provided at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe 300, when the primary gas-phase swirl enters the exhaust pipe 300, it will flow through the flow guiding part 500. Due to the guiding and throttling and speed increasing effects of the flow guiding part 500, after the primary gas-phase swirl enters the exhaust pipe 300, it rotates at a high speed around the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300 to form a swirl, and is gradually separated into two secondary swirls due to different centrifugal forces. One secondary swirl (the main component of this secondary swirl is fine solid particles) rotates outward and approaches the side wall of the exhaust pipe 300 and finally is discharged from the discharge port 301 on the side wall of the ash discharge pipe 400. The other secondary swirl (the main component of this secondary swirl is gas) rotates inward and approaches the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300 and rotates upward around the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300 and is finally discharged from the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 300, thus realizing secondary gas-solid separation.

[0044] By arranging the flow guiding part 500 at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe 300, this cyclone separator uses the flow guiding part 500 to guide and increase the speed of the primary gas-phase swirl entering the exhaust pipe 300 to a high-speed swirl, so that secondary gas-solid separation can be completed in the exhaust pipe 300. The separation efficiency is improved through two-stage gas-solid separation, especially the separation efficiency of fine particle size solid particles, and the solid particle content in the discharged gas is effectively reduced. Moreover, both two-stage gas-solid separations are carried out in the same cyclone separator. Compared with the previous method of realizing two-stage gas-solid separation by connecting two cyclone separators in series, the space occupation is reduced and the investment cost is lowered.

[0045] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, the flow guiding part 500 includes a plurality of flow guiding plates 501, and the flow guiding plates 501 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the exhaust pipe 300, preferably arranged at uniform intervals in sequence on the entire circumference of the exhaust pipe 300, and a flow-through space is formed between adjacent flow guiding plates 501. Each flow guiding plate 501 is inclined obliquely in the same direction relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300, so that each flow guiding plate 501 is lower on one side and higher on the other side ( Figure 3 in the figure, the four flow guiding plates 501 are all lower on the left side and higher on the right side), and the higher side is closer to the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 300 than the lower side. During operation, the primary gas-phase swirl flows from the lower side of the flow guiding plate 501 to the higher side of the flow guiding plate 501.

[0046] Specifically, the flow guiding plate 501 can be a flat plate structure (as Figure 3 shown), or a curved structure with a certain curvature (as Figure 5 shown). Each flow guiding plate 501 can be arranged independently of each other (as Figure 3 shown), or the inner sides (the sides close to the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300) of the flow guiding plates 501 can be connected together (as Figure 4As shown, the inner sides of the flow guide plates 501 are connected to the same circular shaft 502). The outer sides of the flow guide plates 501 are fixed to the side wall of the exhaust pipe 300, and the fixing method is not limited. For example, they can be fixed by welding or fasteners.

[0047] Specifically, the range of the inclination angle α of the flow guide plate 501 relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300 is preferably: 20° ≤ α ≤ 80°, more preferably 40° ≤ α ≤ 60°. The range of the width A of the flow guide plate 501 in the radial direction of the exhaust pipe 300 is preferably 0.05d ≤ A ≤ 0.1d (where d is the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 300, the same hereinafter). The range of the length B of the flow guide plate 501 in the axial direction of the exhaust pipe 300 is preferably 1d ≤ B ≤ 5d. The range of the thickness C of the flow guide plate 501 is preferably 5 mm ≤ C ≤ 50 mm. The total thickness of all the flow guide plates 501 is preferably not greater than 5% of the circumference of the exhaust pipe 300. The range of the spacing distance E between adjacent flow guide plates 501 is preferably 0.05d ≤ E ≤ 0.1d. With such settings, a stable secondary swirl can be formed in the exhaust pipe 300, and a better secondary gas-solid separation effect can be achieved.

[0048] Specifically, the range of the width F of the discharge port 301 (i.e., the distance between the two longitudinal edges of the discharge port 301) is preferably 0.1d ≤ F ≤ 0.8d, so that the separation effect is not affected.

[0049] Furthermore, the cyclone separator may further include a return channel 700. The return channel 700 communicates with the discharge port 301 and the separation cylinder 100. In this way, the solid particles and a small amount of gas discharged from the discharge port 301 can flow back into the separation cylinder 100 through the return channel 700, and the solid particles are finally discharged from the ash discharge pipe 400.

[0050] Specifically, the number of the return channels 700 can be one or more, preferably 1 - 10, more preferably 2 - 4. When there are multiple return channels 700, the return channels 700 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the separation cylinder 100, preferably arranged at uniform intervals in the entire circumference of the separation cylinder 100.

[0051] Specifically, the lower end of the return channel 700 is preferably connected to the outer edge area of the upper end plate 104 of the separation cylinder 100 (i.e., the area of the upper end plate 104 close to the side wall of the separation cylinder 100). In this way, the returned solid particles can rotate downward along the side wall of the separation cylinder 100 with the primary solid-phase swirl, and are not easily carried back into the exhaust pipe 300 by the rotating and rising primary gas-phase swirl. Therefore, such a setting is more conducive to improving the gas-solid separation effect.

[0052] Specifically, the reflux channel 700 is preferably inclined relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300. In this way, the resistance when the secondary solid-phase swirling flow enters the reflux channel 700 is small, and if there is ash accumulation in the reflux channel 700, the ash can slide down along the reflux channel 700. Of course, the reflux channel 700 may also be arranged parallel to the central axis of the exhaust pipe 300.

[0053] Furthermore, as Figure 4 shown, a Tesla valve 800 can be arranged inside the reflux channel 700 to restrict the substances in the separation cylinder 100 from entering the exhaust pipe 300 through the reflux channel 700, but the solid particles and a small amount of gas discharged from the discharge port 301 can smoothly flow back to the separation cylinder 100 through the reflux channel 700. The Tesla valve 800 has no moving parts compared with an ordinary one-way valve, so it basically does not need maintenance, and the failure rate and usage cost are lower.

[0054] Furthermore, the cyclone separator may further include an ash accumulation chamber 600. The ash accumulation chamber 600 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the side wall of the exhaust pipe 300. The inner peripheral side of the ash accumulation chamber 600 is communicated with the discharge port 301. The upper end of the reflux channel 700 is communicated with the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber 600, so that the upper end of the reflux channel 700 is indirectly communicated with the discharge port 301 through the ash accumulation chamber 600. With this arrangement, the solid particles and a small amount of gas discharged from the discharge port 301 first enter the ash accumulation chamber 600 and then flow back to the separation cylinder 100 through the reflux channel 700 after being buffered in the ash accumulation chamber 600. The arrangement of the ash accumulation chamber 600 reduces the resistance for the solid particles and a small amount of gas to be discharged from the discharge port 301. Of course, the ash accumulation chamber 600 may not be provided, and the upper end of the reflux channel 700 may be directly communicated with the discharge port 301.

[0055] Specifically, the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber 600 is lower than the lower edge of the discharge port 301. In this way, a deposition space can be provided for the solid particles, and the solid particles deposited at the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber 600 are not easily overflowed from the discharge port 301. The top of the ash accumulation chamber 600 may be flush with the upper edge of the discharge port 301 or higher than the upper edge of the discharge port 301.

[0056] Specifically, the range of the distance G between the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber 600 and the lower edge of the discharge port 301 in the axial direction of the exhaust pipe 300 is preferably 1d ≤ G ≤ 8d, more preferably 2d - 8d, and even more preferably 3d - 5d. The ratio (D / d) of the inner diameter D of the ash accumulation chamber 600 to the inner diameter d of the exhaust pipe 300 is 1.05 - 1.5, more preferably 1.1 - 1.3.

[0057] Specifically, the materials of the components of the cyclone separator can be flexibly selected according to the type of the substance to be separated, the application occasion, etc. For example, a metal material can be selected, and a heat-insulating and wear-resistant lining can be lined on the inner side of the exhaust pipe 300 made of the metal material.

[0058] Specifically, the cyclone separator can be applied to any occasion where gas-liquid separation or gas-solid separation is required. For example, it can be applied in the fluid catalytic cracking unit in the petroleum processing industry, the fluidized dry distillation unit of pulverized coal or powdered oil shale in the coal chemical industry, and can also be applied in the fluidized bed device as Figure 6 shown ( Figure 6 where X in it refers to the cyclone separator).

[0059] As Figures 7 - 9 shown, according to the data in the line of "dust content in the gas at the exhaust pipe outlet", it can be known that compared with the conventional cyclone separator, the dust content in the gas at the exhaust pipe outlet of the cyclone separator provided by this application decreases. According to the data in the line of "separation efficiency under test conditions", it can be known that compared with the conventional cyclone separator, the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator provided by this application increases. According to the data in the line of "<10μm dust content in the exhaust pipe dust", it can be known that compared with the conventional cyclone separator, the separation efficiency of the tiny solid particles smaller than 10μm of the cyclone separator provided by this application increases particularly significantly.

[0060] The above uses specific examples to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of this application, several improvements and modifications can still be made to this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A cyclone separator, the cyclone separator comprising a separation cylinder, an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe, the lower end of the exhaust pipe being provided with an air inlet and the upper end being provided with an air outlet, characterized in that, The cyclone separator further includes a guiding portion disposed at the air inlet of the exhaust pipe, which can guide the substances entering the exhaust pipe from the separation cylinder to rotate around the central axis of the exhaust pipe to form a swirl. A discharge port is provided on the side wall of the exhaust pipe, and the discharge port is located above the air inlet and below the air outlet of the exhaust pipe.

2. The cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding portion includes a plurality of guiding plates, and the guiding plates are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the exhaust pipe. Each guiding plate is obliquely arranged relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe, so that one side is high and the other side is low, and the high side is closer to the air outlet of the exhaust pipe than the low side. During operation, the substances entering the exhaust pipe from the separation cylinder flow from the low side of the guiding plate to the high side of the guiding plate.

3. The cyclone separator according to claim 1, wherein The width dimension F of the discharge port ranges from 0.1d ≤ F ≤ 0.8d, where d is the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe.

4. The cyclone separator according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cyclone separator further includes a return channel, which connects the discharge port and the separation cylinder, so that the substances discharged from the discharge port can return to the separation cylinder through the return channel.

5. The cyclone separator according to claim 4, wherein The number of the return channels is one or more. When there are multiple return channels, the return channels are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the separation cylinder.

6. The cyclone separator according to claim 4, wherein The lower end of the return channel communicates with the outer edge area of the upper end plate of the separation cylinder.

7. The cyclone separator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The return channel is obliquely arranged relative to the central axis of the exhaust pipe.

8. The cyclone separator according to claim 4, characterized in that, A Tesla valve is provided inside the return channel to limit the substances in the separation cylinder from entering the exhaust pipe through the return channel.

9. The cyclone separator according to claim 4, wherein The cyclone separator includes an ash accumulation chamber, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the side wall of the exhaust pipe. The inner peripheral side of the ash accumulation chamber communicates with the discharge port, and the upper end of the return channel is connected to the bottom of the ash accumulation chamber and is indirectly communicated with the discharge port through the ash accumulation chamber.

10. The cyclone separator according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom of the ash accumulation chamber is lower than the lower edge of the discharge port, and the top of the ash accumulation chamber is higher than or flush with the upper edge of the discharge port.

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