Biomass gasification oil-electricity-carbon co-production system

Abstract

The utility model provides a biomass gasified oil-electricity-carbon co-production system which comprises a biomass feed hopper, a spiral feeder, a biomass gasifier, a gasified gas cooling tower, a gas turbine, a generator and a flue gas purification device, biomass raw materials in the biomass feeding hopper are spirally conveyed into the biomass gasification furnace through the spiral feeder; gasified gas generated by the biomass gasifier is fed into a gasified gas cooling tower; after the gasified gas is cooled by the gasified gas cooling tower, uncondensed combustible gas is conveyed to the gas turbine, so that the gas turbine drives the generator to coaxially rotate to generate power; one part of high-temperature flue gas generated after the gas turbine does work is conveyed to the gasified gas cooling tower to heat liquid oil, low-temperature flue gas generated after heat exchange is conveyed out of the gasified gas cooling tower to the flue gas purification device, and the other part of high-temperature flue gas serves as a gasifying agent to be conveyed into the biomass gasifier; co-production preparation and high-value utilization of gas-liquid-solid three-state products are achieved, the utilization efficiency of biomass energy is improved, and diversification and quality-divided utilization of the products are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass energy conversion and comprehensive utilization, and particularly relates to a biomass gasification oil-electricity-carbon co-production system. Background Art

[0002] Under the dual pressures of the global energy structure transformation and environmental protection today, biomass energy, as a clean and renewable energy form, has become increasingly important. However, traditional biomass utilization methods, such as landfilling and incineration, have many drawbacks. Landfilling not only occupies a large amount of land resources but also may cause soil and groundwater pollution; while incineration, although it can generate a certain amount of heat energy, will produce a large amount of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter during the combustion process, causing serious environmental impacts. In addition, these traditional methods have not fully utilized the chemical components in biomass resources, resulting in low resource utilization efficiency and poor economy.

[0003] In order to overcome the limitations of traditional utilization methods, improve the utilization efficiency of biomass energy, and achieve diversified and quality-separated utilization of products, researchers have developed a variety of advanced thermochemical conversion technologies, including pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction, and fermentation. Among them, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have attracted much attention because they can directly convert biomass into gas, liquid, and solid products at high temperatures.

[0004] Pyrolysis is a process of heating biomass raw materials to a certain temperature (usually in the range of 300 - 900 °C) in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to cause thermal decomposition reactions. The pyrolysis products mainly include bio-oil, combustible gas (such as syngas), and biochar. By adjusting process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and residence time, the distribution and properties of the products can be regulated. Bio-oil is rich in various organic compounds, such as phenols, ketones, aldehydes, etc., and has high added value; the combustible gas can be directly burned as fuel or used for power generation; biochar can be used in fields such as soil improvement and adsorbents.

[0005] Gasification is a process of converting biomass raw materials into gas products at high temperatures with a gasifying agent (such as air, oxygen, steam, or their mixtures) as the medium. The gasification products are mainly syngas (mainly composed of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and a small amount of carbon dioxide, methane, etc.). Syngas can not only be used for combustion power generation but also be converted into liquid fuels or chemicals through chemical processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Compared with pyrolysis, gasification technology can more thoroughly convert biomass raw materials, and the products are easy to store and transport.

[0006] Through thermochemical conversion technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification, the efficient utilization of biomass resources and the diversified and quality-separated utilization of products can be achieved. How to improve the utilization efficiency of biomass energy through the synergistic effect of pyrolysis and gasification and realize the diversification and quality-separated utilization of products is an important research direction for the efficient utilization of biomass energy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present utility model provides a biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system, which can improve the utilization efficiency of biomass energy and realize the diversification and quality-separated utilization of products.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present utility model provides a biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system, which includes a biomass feed hopper, a screw feeder, a biomass gasification furnace, a gasification gas cooling tower, a gas turbine, a generator and a flue gas purification device;

[0010] The biomass raw materials in the biomass feed hopper are spirally conveyed into the biomass gasification furnace through the screw feeder; the gasification gas generated by the biomass gasification furnace is sent into the gasification gas cooling tower; the uncondensed combustible gas after the gasification gas cooling tower cools the gasification gas is sent to the gas turbine, so that the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate coaxially for power generation; a part of the high-temperature flue gas generated after the gas turbine does work is sent to the gasification gas cooling tower to heat the liquid oil product, and the generated low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is sent out from the gasification gas cooling tower to the flue gas purification device, and another part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the biomass gasification furnace as a gasifying agent.

[0011] Preferably, the system further includes a chimney; the chimney is connected to the flue gas purification device.

[0012] Preferably, the biomass gasification furnace includes a carbon slag discharge port, and the carbon slag discharge port is used for discharging carbon slag.

[0013] Preferably, the biomass gasification furnace includes a gasification gas outlet, and the gasification gas outlet is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower.

[0014] Preferably, the biomass gasification furnace includes a gasifying agent inlet; the gasifying agent inlet is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower.

[0015] Preferably, the gasification gas cooling tower includes a condensed combustible gas outlet, and the condensed combustible gas outlet is connected to the gas turbine.

[0016] Preferably, the gasification gas cooling tower includes a high-temperature flue gas inlet, and the high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected to the gas turbine.

[0017] Preferably, the gasification gas cooling tower includes a low-temperature flue gas outlet; the low-temperature flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas purification device.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes an oil quality improvement and utilization device, and the oil quality improvement and utilization device is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower.

[0019] Preferably, the gasification gas cooling tower includes a condensed oil product outlet, and the condensed oil product outlet is connected to the oil quality improvement and utilization device.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The biomass raw material enters the biomass gasification furnace through the biomass feed hopper and then through the screw feeder. Under the action of the gasifying agent, the biomass gasification furnace pyrolyzes and gasifies the biomass raw material under high-temperature conditions to generate combustible gasification gas and char residue, realizing the conversion of biomass resources into high-grade energy. At the same time, the generated char residue also has various potential utilization values. The gasification gas cooling tower rapidly cools the high-temperature gasification gas coming out of the biomass gasification furnace, reduces its temperature and removes some tar and other impurities therein, making the gasification gas more suitable for subsequent combustion or further processing and utilization, and improving the quality of the gasification gas. The gas turbine uses the cooled gasification gas for combustion to drive the generator to generate electricity, realizing the conversion of biomass energy into electrical energy. The flue gas purification device purifies the flue gas discharged by the gas turbine, removes the harmful substances therein, and reduces the emission of atmospheric pollutants. The system of the present utility model performs separate utilization of the products after gasifying the biomass raw material through the biomass gasification furnace. The small-molecule combustible gas (gaseous product) is used for power generation by the gas turbine. The gasification gas cooling tower collects the condensable gas after condensation to form liquid oil products, and then classifies or catalytically reforms the liquid oil products (liquid products) to prepare high-value-added chemicals. The char residue (solid product) is collected and utilized, realizing the co-production preparation and high-value utilization of gas, liquid and solid three-state products, improving the utilization efficiency of biomass energy, and realizing the diversification and separate utilization of products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure of the present utility model in any way. Additionally, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are only schematic and are used to assist in understanding the present utility model, rather than specifically defining the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present utility model.

[0023] In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is the system diagram of the biomass gasification and oil-electricity combined supply system described in the present utility model;

[0025] In the figure, 1 is a biomass feed hopper; 2 is a screw feeder; 3 is a biomass gasifier; 301 is a slag discharge port for carbon residue; 302 is a gasification gas outlet; 303 is a gasifying agent inlet; 4 is a gasification gas cooling tower; 401 is a condensate combustible gas outlet; 402 is a high-temperature flue gas inlet; 403 is a low-temperature flue gas outlet; 404 is a condensate oil product outlet; 5 is a gas turbine; 6 is a generator; 7 is a flue gas purification device; 8 is a chimney; 9 is an oil product upgrading and utilization device. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art of this technology to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0028] The present invention provides a biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system, as Figure 1 shown, including a biomass feed hopper 1, a screw feeder 2, a biomass gasifier 3, a gasification gas cooling tower 4, a gas turbine 5, a generator 6, a flue gas purification device 7 and a chimney 8;

[0029] The biomass feed hopper 1 is connected to the screw feeder 2; the screw feeder 2 is connected to the biomass gasifier 3; the biomass gasifier 3 is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower 4; biomass raw materials enter from the biomass feed hopper 1 and are spirally conveyed into the biomass gasifier 3 through the screw feeder 2. A gasifying agent is provided in the biomass gasifier, and under the action of the gasifying agent, the biomass raw materials are gasified, and the generated gasification gas is sent to the gasification gas cooling tower 4, and the carbon residue generated by gasification is discharged by itself; among them, the biomass raw materials are lignocellulosic biomasses such as straw, sawdust and rice husks.

[0030] Among them, the biomass gasifier 3 includes a slag discharge port 301, a gasification gas outlet 302, and a gasifying agent inlet 303; the gasification gas outlet 302 is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower 4; the gasifying agent inlet 303 is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower 4; the gasification gas generated after the biomass raw material is gasified is sent from the gasification gas outlet 302 to the gasification gas cooling tower 4, and the slag generated after gasification is discharged from the slag discharge port 301; the gasification temperature of the biomass gasifier 3 is 500-700 °C.

[0031] The gasification gas cooling tower 4 is respectively connected to the flue gas purification device 7 and the gas turbine 5; the gas turbine 5 is respectively connected to the biomass gasifier 3 and the generator 6; the combustible gas that is not condensed after the gasification gas cooling tower 4 cools the gasification gas is sent to the gas turbine 5, so that the gas turbine 5 drives the generator 6 to rotate coaxially for power generation, and the liquid oil product generated by condensation is stored at the bottom of the gasification gas cooling tower 4; a part of the high-temperature flue gas generated after the gas turbine 5 does work is sent to the gasification gas cooling tower 4 to heat the liquid oil product, and the low-temperature flue gas generated after heat exchange is sent out to the flue gas purification device 7, and another part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the biomass gasifier 3 as a gasifying agent; among them, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas turbine 5 is shunted, 50%-60% of the volume flow enters the bottom of the gasification gas cooling tower 4 to heat and keep warm the liquid oil product, and 40%-50% of the volume flow enters the biomass gasifier 3 as a gasifying agent and a biomass gasification heat source; preferably, the cooling temperature of the gasification gas cooling tower 4 is 135-150 °C, the combustion working temperature of the gas turbine 5 is 900-1100 °C, and the flue gas discharge temperature is 550-650 °C.

[0032] Among them, the gasification gas cooling tower 4 includes a condensable combustible gas outlet 401, a high-temperature flue gas inlet 402, a low-temperature flue gas outlet 403, and a condensed oil product outlet 404; the condensable combustible gas outlet 401 is connected to the gas turbine 5; the high-temperature flue gas inlet 402 is connected to the gas turbine 5; the low-temperature flue gas outlet 403 is connected to the flue gas purification device 7. The non-condensed combustible gas after the gasification gas cooling tower 4 cools the gasification gas is sent to the gas turbine 5 through the condensable combustible gas outlet 401; a part of the high-temperature flue gas after the gas turbine 5 does work is sent to the gasification gas cooling tower 4 through the high-temperature flue gas inlet 402 to heat the liquid oil product, and the low-temperature flue gas generated after heat exchange is sent out to the flue gas purification device 7 through the low-temperature flue gas outlet 403, and another part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the biomass gasifier 3 as a gasifying agent from the gasifying agent inlet 303.

[0033] The biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system of the present utility model further includes an oil product upgrading and utilization device 9, and the oil product upgrading and utilization device 9 is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower 4; preferably, the oil product upgrading and utilization device 9 is connected to the condensate oil outlet 404, and the condensed liquid oil is transported to the oil product upgrading and utilization device 9 through the condensate oil outlet 404. The oil product upgrading and utilization device 9 separates or catalytically reforms substances such as wood vinegar liquid, acids, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols in the liquid oil to prepare high-value-added chemicals.

[0034] The biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system of the present utility model further includes a chimney 8, and the chimney 8 is connected to the flue gas purification device 7; the low-temperature flue gas is led to the chimney 8 for discharge after passing through purification treatments such as desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal in the flue gas purification device 7 to meet the standards.

[0035] In the present utility model, the biomass feed hopper 1 serves as the inlet of the system, which is used to receive and temporarily store the biomass raw materials to be processed, providing a stable raw material source for the system; the screw feeder 2 transports the raw materials in the biomass feed hopper into the biomass gasifier 3 at a stable speed and flow rate. The screw transportation method can effectively prevent the blockage and scattering of the raw materials during transportation, ensuring the stable feeding of the gasifier. Under the action of the gasifying agent, the biomass gasifier 3 pyrolyzes and gasifies the biomass raw materials under high-temperature conditions to generate combustible gasification gas and char residue, realizing the conversion of biomass resources into high-grade energy (gasification gas). At the same time, the generated char residue also has various potential utilization values (such as being used as fertilizer or further processed products). The gasification gas cooling tower 4 rapidly cools the high-temperature gasification gas coming out of the biomass gasifier 3, reduces its temperature and removes some tar and other impurities, making the gasification gas more suitable for subsequent combustion or further processing and utilization, improving the quality of the gasification gas, extending the service life of the subsequent equipment, and reducing the emission of environmental pollutants. The gas turbine 5 burns the cooled gasification gas to drive the generator 6 to generate electricity, realizing the conversion of biomass energy into electrical energy, providing more renewable energy electricity, reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting the optimization and sustainable development of the energy structure. The flue gas purification device 7 purifies the flue gas discharged from the gas turbine 5 to remove harmful substances therein, ensuring that the emissions meet the national or local environmental protection standards, protecting the environment and reducing the emission of atmospheric pollutants. The chimney 8 discharges the purified flue gas into the atmosphere. As the exhaust passage of the system, the chimney 8 also has a certain suction effect, which helps the smooth flow of the flue gas in the system. The chimney 8 ensures the pressure balance inside the system and the normal flow of the gas, and at the same time ensures the safety of the discharge process.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this utility model belongs. The terms used in the description of this utility model herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this utility model. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

Claims

1. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system, characterized in that, It includes a biomass feed hopper (1), a screw feeder (2), a biomass gasifier (3), a gasification gas cooling tower (4), a gas turbine (5), a generator (6), and a flue gas purification device (7); The biomass raw materials in the biomass feed hopper (1) are spirally conveyed into the biomass gasifier (3) through the screw feeder (2); the gasification gas generated by the biomass gasifier (3) is sent to the gasification gas cooling tower (4); the combustible gas that is not condensed after the gasification gas cooling tower (4) cools the gasification gas is sent to the gas turbine (5), so that the gas turbine (5) drives the generator (6) to rotate coaxially for power generation; a part of the high-temperature flue gas generated after the gas turbine (5) does work is sent to the gasification gas cooling tower (4) to heat the liquid oil product, and the low-temperature flue gas generated after heat exchange is sent out from the gasification gas cooling tower (4) to the flue gas purification device (7), and another part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the biomass gasifier (3) as a gasifying agent.

2. The biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system further includes a chimney (8); the chimney (8) is connected to the flue gas purification device (7).

3. The biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 1, wherein The biomass gasifier (3) includes a carbon slag discharge port (301), and the carbon slag discharge port (301) is used for discharging carbon slag.

4. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and charcoal co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass gasifier (3) includes a gasification gas outlet (302), and the gasification gas outlet (302) is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower (4).

5. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and charcoal co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass gasifier (3) includes a gasifying agent inlet (303); the gasifying agent inlet (303) is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower (4).

6. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification gas cooling tower (4) includes a condensed combustible gas outlet (401), and the condensed combustible gas outlet (401) is connected to the gas turbine (5).

7. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification gas cooling tower (4) includes a high-temperature flue gas inlet (402), and the high-temperature flue gas inlet (402) is connected to the gas turbine (5).

8. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification gas cooling tower (4) includes a low-temperature flue gas outlet (403); the low-temperature flue gas outlet (403) is connected to the flue gas purification device (7).

9. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes an oil product upgrading and utilization device (9), and the oil product upgrading and utilization device (9) is connected to the gasification gas cooling tower (4).

10. A biomass gasification oil, electricity and carbon co-production system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The gasification gas cooling tower (4) includes a condensed oil product outlet (404), and the condensed oil product outlet (404) is connected to the oil product upgrading and utilization device (9).

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