Underwater rock plug blasting device

Abstract

The utility model provides an underwater rock plug blasting device which comprises a tunnel, a rock plug and a blasting device, wherein a rock plug is arranged at a water inlet of the tunnel; the wave absorbing pit is arranged at a water inlet of the tunnel, the wave absorbing pit is provided with a wave absorbing pit inlet and a wave absorbing pit outlet, the wave absorbing pit inlet is located on one side of the rock plug, the wave absorbing pit outlet is communicated with the water inlet of the tunnel, and a water cushion is arranged in the wave absorbing pit. Due to the arrangement of the wave absorbing pit and the water cushion, a plug does not need to be arranged for blocking, pouring and dismantling of the plug and water filling and draining operation in the gate shaft in a traditional blasting process are avoided, the operation process is simplified, the construction period is shortened, and engineering investment is greatly saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of blasting devices, and particularly to an underwater rock plug blasting device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of industrial and agricultural production and life, it is often necessary to divert water from water-rich areas to water-deficient areas to achieve resource allocation and water volume balance between regions, and to promote the economic development of society. When the water level of the reservoir in the water supply area is relatively high and the water level in the water receiving area is relatively low, the water in the reservoir can be diverted to the water receiving area by gravity through the construction of diversion tunnels, channels, etc., without the use of water pumps, thus saving operating costs. In this water intake method, when the bottom elevation of the water intake of the diversion tunnel is relatively low and the reservoir is a newly built reservoir, the water level in the reservoir area is relatively low, and the water intake is exposed above the water surface, and construction can be carried out on dry land, and it is easy to achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole at the water intake. However, in many cases, the reservoir has been storing water and operating, and the bottom elevation of the water intake of the newly built diversion tunnel is often near the dead water level of the reservoir, dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters below the water surface of the reservoir. At this time, to achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole, there are the following two conventional methods:

[0003] 1) Lower the water level of the reservoir below the bottom elevation of the tunnel water intake to create dry construction conditions for the water intake. This method is stable and reliable, but it is necessary to lower the water level of the reservoir below the bottom elevation of the diversion tunnel water intake, which will affect the operation efficiency of the reservoir, with too high a cost and may even not be allowed.

[0004] 2) Build a deep-water cofferdam in the reservoir area near the water intake of the diversion tunnel to enclose the water intake, and then drain the water inside the cofferdam to create dry construction conditions for the water intake construction. After the project is completed, the cofferdam is removed to achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole. This method will bring huge project investment and a long construction period, and is very uneconomical.

[0005] Without lowering the water level of the reservoir and without affecting the operation of the reservoir, how to efficiently and economically achieve the penetration of the reservoir hole is a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Some experts at home and abroad have proposed to use the method of underwater rock plug blasting to achieve the penetration of the existing reservoir and the newly built tunnel. Underwater rock plug blasting is an effective, convenient and economical construction method for building a tunnel water inlet on an existing reservoir or lake. The construction process feature is to excavate the tunnel to the bottom of the reservoir, and leave a certain thickness of rock mass (i.e., rock plug) near the bottom. After the tunnel is completed, the reserved rock mass is removed in one blast using the blasting method to make the tunnel communicate with the reservoir. In this way, the formed water inlet has the expected shape and meets the requirements of the water inlet in hydraulics. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the impact of blasting on the surrounding rock mass and nearby buildings is reduced to an acceptable level.

[0006] Plug blasting has the characteristics of low cost, fast construction speed, and being unaffected by seasons during the construction period. Therefore, it has been increasingly applied in the construction of underwater intake projects. However, underwater plug blasting is usually carried out close to various hydraulic structures and mountain slopes, and some are even close to the river-blocking dam. Moreover, it is carried out under deep water pressure. Therefore, the safety issue is very prominent, and absolute safety of blasting must be ensured. At the same time, the plug can only be blasted through and formed at one time, requiring good shaping of the intake and stability of the surrounding rock. Therefore, the blasting must be carefully designed and constructed.

[0007] However, since the plug blasting method involves many influencing factors and is technically complex, and there is very little relevant theoretical analysis and calculation research, this method almost still remains at the level of empirical judgment.

[0008] The main process of current rock blasting is as follows:

[0009] 1) Complete the construction of the gate well, and the tunnel is constructed to the downstream of the plug;

[0010] 2) Seal the tunnel downstream of the gate well with a concrete plug;

[0011] 3) Charge and connect the network in the plug;

[0012] 4) Fill the tunnel with water through the gate well;

[0013] 5) Carry out plug blasting to achieve the connection between the reservoir and the tunnel;

[0014] 6) After blasting, conduct underwater inspection;

[0015] 7) After passing the inspection, lower the emergency gate in the gate well;

[0016] 8) Drain the water between the emergency gate and the tunnel plug by methods such as pumping;

[0017] 9) Manually remove the concrete plug of the tunnel downstream of the gate well, remove the slag through the gate well, and clean it up;

[0018] 10) Lower the working gate in the gate well;

[0019] 11) After lifting the emergency gate in the gate well, the working gate can be used to control the water conveyance from the reservoir to the tunnel to achieve water diversion and regulation.

[0020] During blasting, water is usually injected into the tunnel for pre-pressure (the water level is lower than the reservoir water level). On the one hand, the water injected into the tunnel can dissipate the energy of the blasted rock debris, preventing it from flying into the tunnel and causing blockage. On the other hand, the water injected into the tunnel can basically balance the water pressure of the reservoir after the blast, effectively preventing the reservoir water from rushing into the tunnel in large quantities and quickly after the blast, carrying rock debris into the tunnel and causing blockage or siltation. To maintain a certain water pressure in the tunnel, a working gate under the gate shaft can be used to block water, or a plug can be used to block water in the tunnel downstream of the gate shaft. However, when rock plugs are blasted, the tunnel water flow can transmit the blasting shock wave into the gate shaft, generating a large impact force and endangering the safety of the gate. To prevent the blasting shock wave from damaging the gate, the gate is not currently used to directly block water. Instead, a concrete plug is used in the tunnel downstream of the gate shaft for temporary sealing. This method ensures the safety of the gate, but it also presents several challenges: Before blasting, a temporary reinforced concrete plug must be poured into the deep well tunnel. After blasting, the water in the deep well must be drained before the plug can be removed. However, due to the limited space within the deep well, pouring and removing the plug is labor-intensive, and the rigid plug requires manual removal, making removal inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0021] The present application provides an underwater rock plug blasting device to solve the problems existing in the related art. The technical solution is as follows:

[0022] The present application provides an underwater rock plug blasting device, comprising:

[0023] Tunnel, with rock plugs installed at the water inlet;

[0024] The wave-breaking pit is arranged at the water inlet of the tunnel. The wave-breaking pit has a wave-breaking pit entrance and a wave-breaking pit exit. The wave-breaking pit entrance is located on one side of the rock plug. The wave-breaking pit exit is connected to the water inlet of the tunnel. A water cushion is provided in the wave-breaking pit.

[0025] In one embodiment, the wave-breaking pit is arranged in an axisymmetric manner, and the symmetry axis of the wave-breaking pit coincides with the symmetry axis of the rock plug, and the outlet of the wave-breaking pit is located at the upper part of the wave-breaking pit.

[0026] In one embodiment, the cross section of the wave-breaking pit perpendicular to the symmetry axis is circular or approximately circular, and the pit wall of the wave-breaking pit facing the rock plug is spherical.

[0027] In one embodiment, an outlet channel is provided at the outlet of the wave-breaking pit, the wave-breaking pit is connected to the tunnel through the outlet channel, a dam is provided on the bottom inner wall of the outlet channel, and a gap is provided between the dam and the upper inner wall of the outlet channel.

[0028] In one embodiment, a slag collecting pit is provided in the tunnel, the slag collecting pit is located downstream of the outlet channel, and a water cushion is provided in the slag collecting pit.

[0029] In one embodiment, a reflecting inverted weir is provided in the tunnel. The reflecting inverted weir is located downstream of the outlet channel. The bottom of the reflecting inverted weir is lower than the outlet channel, and a slag sump is located below the reflecting inverted weir.

[0030] In one embodiment, a first slope section is provided in the tunnel. The first slope section is located between the outlet channel and the slag sump. One end of the first slope section is connected to the outlet channel, and the other end of the first slope section is connected to the slag sump. The other end of the first slope section extends obliquely downward relative to one end of the first slope section.

[0031] In one embodiment, a second slope section is provided in the tunnel. The second slope section is located on the downstream side of the slag sump. One end of the second slope section is connected to the slag sump, and the other end of the second slope section extends obliquely upward relative to one end of the slope section.

[0032] In one embodiment, one side surface of the retaining weir is a curved surface. The curved surface is connected to the spherical pit wall of the shock wave dissipation pit, and the curved surface and the spherical surface are in smooth transition.

[0033] In one embodiment, the retaining weir is formed by concrete pouring. The height of the retaining weir is 0.3 - 1.5 m, and the width of the retaining weir is 0.5 - 3 m.

[0034] The advantages or beneficial effects in the above technical solutions at least include:

[0035] The underwater plug blasting device of the embodiment of the present application includes a tunnel and a shock wave dissipation pit. A plug is provided at the water inlet of the tunnel. The shock wave dissipation pit has a shock wave dissipation pit inlet and a shock wave dissipation pit outlet. The shock wave dissipation pit inlet is located on one side of the plug, and the shock wave dissipation pit outlet is communicated with the water inlet of the tunnel. A water cushion is provided in the shock wave dissipation pit. When the underwater plug blasting device of the embodiment of the present application is in use, it can be combined with the emergency gate and the working gate used in the existing plug blasting. The emergency gate is used to block water during blasting, and the working gate is used to control the water flow in the tunnel after blasting. When the underwater plug blasting device is in use, first, blasting explosives are installed on the plug, and a certain depth of water is injected into the shock wave dissipation pit to form a water cushion. Then, the emergency gate is closed to ensure that the tunnel is in a sealed state, and then the plug is blasted. Due to the provision of the shock wave dissipation pit, the shock wave dissipation pit can rely on the strength of the rock mass to resist and accommodate the blasting shock wave, so that the blasting shock wave is reflected and collided in the shock wave dissipation pit, realizing the energy dissipation and blocking of the blasting shock wave. Since a water cushion is provided in the shock wave dissipation pit, the resistance of water can dissipate the energy of the rock slag flying at high speed, reduce the rock slag flying out of the shock wave dissipation pit, and avoid damage to the emergency gate caused by the rock slag. Due to the provision of the shock wave dissipation pit and the water cushion in the embodiment of the present application, there is no need to set a plug for plugging, avoiding the pouring and demolition of the plug in the traditional blasting process, as well as the filling and drainage operations in the gate shaft, simplifying the operation process, shortening the construction period, and greatly saving the project investment.

[0036] The above summary is only for the purpose of the specification and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the present application will be readily apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description. Description of the Drawings

[0037] In the drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the several views denote the same or similar components or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an underwater plug blasting device;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a partial schematic diagram of an underwater plug blasting device;

[0040] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0041] 1, tunnel; 2, wave-dissipating pit; 3, plug; 21, wave-dissipating pit inlet; 22, wave-dissipating pit outlet; 3, emergency gate; 4, working gate; 5, outlet channel; 6, sill; 7, slag sump; 8, reflecting sill; 9, first slope section; 10, second slope section; 11, water cushion; 12, reservoir. Detailed Embodiments

[0042] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the drawings and the description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0043] As Figures 1 to 2 shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an underwater plug blasting device, including a tunnel 1 and a wave-dissipating pit 2. A plug 3 is provided at the water inlet of the tunnel 1; the wave-dissipating pit 2 is provided at the water inlet of the tunnel 1, the wave-dissipating pit 2 has a wave-dissipating pit inlet 21 and a wave-dissipating pit outlet 22, the wave-dissipating pit inlet 21 is located on one side of the plug 3, the wave-dissipating pit outlet 22 is communicated with the water inlet of the tunnel 1, and a water cushion 11 is provided in the wave-dissipating pit 2.

[0044] When the underwater plug blasting device according to the embodiment of the present application is in use, it can be used in combination with the emergency gate 3 and the service gate 4 used in the existing plug blasting. The emergency gate 3 is used to block water during blasting, and the service gate 4 is used to control the water flow in the tunnel 1 after blasting. When the underwater plug blasting device is in use, first, explosive for blasting is installed on the plug 3, and a certain depth of water is injected into the wave-dissipating pit 2 to form a water cushion 11. Then, the emergency gate 3 is closed to ensure that the tunnel 1 is in a sealed state, and then the plug 3 is blasted. Due to the provision of the wave-dissipating pit 2, the wave-dissipating pit 2 can rely on the strength of the rock mass to resist and accommodate the blasting shock wave, so that the blasting shock wave is reflected and collided in the wave-dissipating pit 2, realizing the energy dissipation and blocking of the blasting shock wave. Since there is a water cushion 11 in the wave-dissipating pit 2, the resistance of water can dissipate the energy of the rock slag flying at high speed, reduce the rock slag flying out of the wave-dissipating pit 2, and avoid damage to the emergency gate 3 caused by the rock slag. Due to the provision of the wave-dissipating pit 2 and the water cushion 11 in the embodiment of the present application, there is no need to set a plug for plugging, avoiding the casting and demolition of the plug in the traditional blasting process, as well as the filling and drainage operations in the gate shaft, simplifying the operation process, shortening the construction period, and greatly saving the project investment.

[0045] In one embodiment, in order to make the wave-dissipating pit 2 have a better energy dissipation effect on the blasting shock wave, the wave-dissipating pit 2 is axially symmetrically arranged, and the axis of symmetry of the wave-dissipating pit 2 coincides with the axis of symmetry of the plug 3. The wave-dissipating pit outlet 22 is located at the upper part of the wave-dissipating pit 2. Preferably, the cross-section of the wave-dissipating pit 2 perpendicular to the axis of symmetry is circular or approximately circular, and the pit wall of the wave-dissipating pit 2 facing the plug 3 is spherical.

[0046] The overall shape of the wave-dissipating pit 2 is set to a pear-shaped structure with a small cross-section at the end close to the plug 3 and a large cross-section at the end far from the plug 3, and the wave-dissipating pit 2 is set to an axially symmetric structure. The shock wave generated during the blasting of the plug 3 can be reflected and collided multiple times in the wave-dissipating pit 2, realizing a better energy dissipation and blocking effect on the shock wave. Since the overall shape of the wave-dissipating pit 2 is set to a pear-shaped structure, it is more conducive to the reflection of the shock wave in the wave-dissipating pit 2, conducive to the balance of the force on the water cushion 11 in the wave-dissipating pit 2, and conducive to reducing the stress state of the surrounding rock lining in the tunnel 1.

[0047] Since there is a water cushion 11 in the wave-dissipating pit 2, the resistance of water can dissipate the energy of the rock slag flying at high speed, thereby effectively reducing the collision and friction of the rock slag on the surrounding rock lining and playing a protective role on the surrounding rock lining. Since the axis of symmetry of the wave-dissipating pit 2 coincides with the axis of symmetry of the plug 3, the force on the water in the wave-dissipating pit 2 is more balanced, thereby suppressing the churning of the water body and suppressing the water flow from carrying the rock slag out of the wave-dissipating pit 2.

[0048] Since the axis of symmetry of the wave dissipating pit 2 coincides with that of the plug 3, that is, the wave dissipating pit 2 is arranged axially symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the plug 3, so as to satisfy the axially symmetric impact of the shock wave and the detonation pressure on the wave dissipating pit 2, making the impact received by the wave dissipating pit 2 approximately axially symmetric, so as to inhibit the rotation and tumbling of the water, steam and rock block mixture in the wave dissipating pit 2 due to uneven pressure, thereby reducing the leakage of rock blocks.

[0049] In one embodiment, in order to better dissipate the energy of the shock wave generated by the blasting and better intercept the flying rock slag, an outlet channel 5 is arranged at the outlet 22 of the wave dissipating pit 2, and the wave dissipating pit 2 is communicated with the tunnel 1 through the outlet channel 5. A retaining sill 6 is arranged on the bottom inner wall of the outlet channel 5, and there is a gap between the retaining sill 6 and the upper inner wall of the outlet channel 5.

[0050] The retaining sill 6 can be formed by pouring concrete and is firmly connected to the surrounding rock in the outlet channel 5 through anchor bolts. The height of the retaining sill 6 is 0.3 - 1.5 m, the width of the retaining sill 6 is 0.5 - 3 m, and the specific height and width of the retaining sill 6 can be determined by the hydraulic calculation of the water injected into the wave dissipating pit 2.

[0051] In one embodiment, one side surface of the retaining sill 6 is a curved surface, and the curved surface is connected to the spherical pit wall of the wave dissipating pit 2, and the curved surface and the spherical surface are in smooth transition. Since the curved surface on one side of the retaining sill 6 is connected to the spherical pit wall of the wave dissipating pit 2 to form a continuous curved surface, the flying rock slag can fall into the wave dissipating pit 2 along the curved surface, further preventing the rock slag from flying into the tunnel 1.

[0052] By arranging the retaining sill 6 in the outlet channel 5, the reflection of the shock wave can be further increased, the leakage of the shock wave can be reduced, and the effect of the wave dissipating pit 2 on accommodating and dissipating the blasting shock wave can be strengthened. Through the arrangement of the retaining sill 6, the flying rock slag can be better intercepted and prevented from flying out of the wave dissipating pit 2. In addition, through the arrangement of the retaining sill 6, the cross-sectional area of the water flow can be reduced, forming a blocking effect on the water flow flowing from the reservoir 12 into the tunnel 1 after the explosion, inhibiting the water flow velocity, and thus further inhibiting the water flow from carrying the rock slag out of the wave dissipating pit 2.

[0053] It should be noted that: the blocking effect of the retaining sill 6 on the low-speed water flow during normal operation is small, the head loss of the low-speed water flow is very small, and it hardly affects the normal water diversion.

[0054] In one embodiment, in order to dissipate the energy of the shock wave leaking out from the wave-dissipating pit 2, a slag-collecting pit 7 is also provided in the tunnel 1. The slag-collecting pit 7 is located downstream of the outlet channel 5, and a water cushion 11 is also provided in the slag-collecting pit 7. The slag-collecting pit 7 can be lined with concrete. By injecting water into the slag-collecting pit 7 to form the water cushion 11, the depth of the injected water can be 2 to 5 m, so as to dissipate the energy of the splashing rock slag by the resistance of the water. The cross-sectional area of the space above the water surface of the slag-collecting pit 7 should be larger than the cross-section of the tunnel 1, so as to prevent the blasting gas from carrying the water and rock slag in the slag-collecting pit 7 out of the slag-collecting pit 7.

[0055] A reflecting inverted sill 8 is also provided in the tunnel 1. The reflecting inverted sill 8 is located downstream of the outlet channel 5. The bottom of the reflecting inverted sill 8 is lower than the outlet channel 5, and the slag-collecting pit 7 is located below the reflecting inverted sill 8. By providing the reflecting inverted sill 8, the shock wave leaking out from the wave-dissipating pit 2 can be blocked and reflected, so that the shock wave is further attenuated to avoid damaging the emergency gate 3. The rock slag splashed out from the wave-dissipating pit 2 falls into the slag-collecting pit 7 after being reflected by the reflecting inverted sill 8, preventing the rock slag generated by blasting from splashing into the tunnel 1 to form siltation and blockage.

[0056] In one embodiment, in order to connect the outlet channel 5 and the slag-collecting pit 7, a first slope section 9 is provided in the tunnel 1. The first slope section 9 is located between the outlet channel 5 and the slag-collecting pit 7. One end of the first slope section 9 is connected to the outlet channel 5, and the other end of the first slope section 9 is connected to the slag-collecting pit 7. The other end of the first slope section 9 extends obliquely downward relative to one end of the first slope section 9.

[0057] A second slope section 10 is also provided in the tunnel 1. The second slope section 10 is located on the downstream side of the slag-collecting pit 7. One end of the second slope section 10 is connected to the slag-collecting pit 7, and the other end of the second slope section 10 extends obliquely upward relative to one end of the slope section.

[0058] The water flowing into the tunnel 1 after the rock plug 3 is blasted through may carry rock slag. Therefore, by providing the first slope section 9 and the second slope section 10 in the tunnel 1, it is beneficial for the rock slag carried in the water flow to slide into the slag-collecting pit 7, avoiding siltation and blockage of the tunnel 1 caused by the rock slag.

[0059] Due to the provision of the wave-dissipating pit 2 and the retaining sill 6 in the embodiment of the present application, when the rock plug 3 is blasted, the shock wave is reflected and counteracted multiple times on the wall surfaces of the wave-dissipating pit 2 and the retaining sill 6, and the main energy of the shock wave in the tunnel 1 is attenuated, and only about 10% of the shock wave leaks out from the outlet channel 5. The shock wave leaking out through the outlet channel 5 of the wave-dissipating pit 2 encounters the reflecting inverted sill 8, causing the shock wave to be reflected multiple times at the reflecting inverted sill 8 and the slag-collecting pit 7 and further attenuated, so that most of the shock wave energy can be dissipated, making the shock wave at the emergency gate 3 at a very safe level, thus ensuring the safety of the emergency gate 3.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0061] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0062] As described above, the above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of various changes or substitutions, and these should all be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An underwater plug blasting device, characterized in that, Comprising: A tunnel, with a rock plug provided at the water inlet of the tunnel; A wave-dissipating pit, which is provided at the water inlet of the tunnel. The wave-dissipating pit has a wave-dissipating pit inlet and a wave-dissipating pit outlet. The wave-dissipating pit inlet is located on one side of the rock plug, the wave-dissipating pit outlet is communicated with the water inlet of the tunnel, and a water cushion is provided in the wave-dissipating pit.

2. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 1, wherein, The wave-dissipating pit is axially symmetrically arranged, and the axis of symmetry of the wave-dissipating pit coincides with the axis of symmetry of the rock plug. The wave-dissipating pit outlet is located at the upper part of the wave-dissipating pit.

3. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the wave-dissipating pit perpendicular to the axis of symmetry is circular or approximately circular, and the pit wall of the wave-dissipating pit facing the rock plug is spherical.

4. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, An outlet channel is provided at the wave-dissipating pit outlet. The wave-dissipating pit and the tunnel are communicated through the outlet channel. A retaining sill is provided on the bottom inner wall of the outlet channel, and there is a gap between the retaining sill and the upper inner wall of the outlet channel.

5. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A slag-collecting pit is provided in the tunnel. The slag-collecting pit is located downstream of the outlet channel, and a water cushion is provided in the slag-collecting pit.

6. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A reflection sill is provided in the tunnel. The reflection sill is located downstream of the outlet channel. The bottom of the reflection sill is lower than the outlet channel, and the slag-collecting pit is located below the reflection sill.

7. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to claim 5, wherein A first slope section is provided in the tunnel. The first slope section is located between the outlet channel and the slag-collecting pit. One end of the first slope section is connected to the outlet channel, and the other end of the first slope section is connected to the slag-collecting pit. The other end of the first slope section extends obliquely downward relative to one end of the first slope section.

8. The underwater plug blasting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second slope section is provided in the tunnel. The second slope section is located on the downstream side of the slag-collecting pit. One end of the second slope section is connected to the slag-collecting pit, and the other end of the second slope section extends obliquely upward relative to one end of the slope section.

9. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that, One side surface of the retaining sill is a curved surface, and the curved surface is connected to the spherical pit wall of the wave-dissipating pit, and the curved surface and the spherical surface are in smooth transition.

10. The underwater rock plug blasting device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that, The retaining sill is formed by concrete pouring. The height of the retaining sill is 0.3 - 1.5 m, and the width of the retaining sill is 0.5 - 3 m.

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