Photovoltaic module, battery test system, power generation device and power utilization device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module, a battery test system, a power generation device and a power utilization device. The photovoltaic module comprises at least one solar battery pack and at least one temperature control device, and the solar battery pack comprises at least one solar battery. The temperature control device comprises a first heat conduction piece and a thermoelectric element group. Wherein the first heat conduction part is in insulation connection with the solar battery pack, the thermoelectric element group comprises a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element which are arranged at an interval, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected with each other to form a closed loop, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element is connected with the first heat conduction part. According to the embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic module comprises the temperature control device, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic module can be regulated and controlled, the temperature of the photovoltaic module is kept constant, the performance stability of the photovoltaic module is maintained, the photoelectric conversion rate of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly to a photovoltaic module, a battery testing system, a power generation device, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the problems of global energy shortage and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. As an ideal renewable energy source, solar cell modules have received more and more attention. A solar cell module, also known as a photovoltaic module, is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect or the photochemical effect. Due to its cost advantage, the photovoltaic module has great industrialization prospects.

[0003] Temperature has an important impact on photovoltaic modules. Too high or too low temperature may affect the performance and service life of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, how to control the temperature of photovoltaic modules and maintain the performance stability of photovoltaic modules is one of the research topics in the industry. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, this application provides a photovoltaic module, a battery testing system, a power generation device, and an electrical device with constant temperature, stable performance, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and long service life.

[0005] This application is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes: at least one solar cell group, where the solar cell group includes at least one solar cell; and at least one temperature control device, including a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group; wherein, the first heat conducting member is insulatingly connected to the solar cell group, the thermoelectric element group includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element arranged at intervals, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member.

[0007] The photovoltaic module of the embodiment of this application includes a temperature control device. The temperature control device includes a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group. The first heat conducting member can conduct the heat generated by the solar cell group or can conduct heat to the solar cell group. At least one thermoelectric element in the thermoelectric element group is connected to the first heat conducting member. Thus, the thermoelectric element group can absorb the heat conducted from the solar cell group to the first heat conducting member or conduct heat to the first heat conducting member through the thermoelectric Peltier effect, realizing the heating or cooling of the solar cell group, which is beneficial to keeping the temperature of the photovoltaic module constant, maintaining the performance stability of the photovoltaic module, and further beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] In addition, the temperature control device has a simple structure, fewer components, and a smaller overall volume. Therefore, while effectively heating and cooling the solar cell module, the overall volume of the photovoltaic module can be prevented from being too large, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the overall photovoltaic module, conducive to reducing the space area occupied when installing the photovoltaic module, and thus improving the space utilization rate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element of each of the temperature control devices are both connected to the first heat conducting member; the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element of each of the temperature control devices are located on the same side of the solar cell module, or the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element of each of the temperature control devices are located on different sides of the solar cell module.

[0010] Both the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are connected to the first heat conducting member, so that the heat conducted by the first heat conducting member can be absorbed by the two thermoelectric elements simultaneously or the heat can be conducted to the first heat conducting member simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation or heating efficiency. In addition, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element can flexibly adjust their positions according to the shape, size, etc. of the solar cell module, with higher flexibility, so that good cooling or heating can be achieved for solar cell modules with different shapes and different size specifications.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first heat conducting member is electrically connected to the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element.

[0012] Thus, the electrical connection between the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element can be directly realized through the first heat conducting member, reducing the number of conductive structural members and lowering the production cost.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element include a cold end and a hot end arranged oppositely. When the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member, the cold end is arranged facing the first heat conducting member, and the hot end is arranged away from the first heat conducting member.

[0014] When the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected to each other, the temperature of the cold ends of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element will drop and an endothermic phenomenon will occur, while the temperature of the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element will rise and an exothermic phenomenon will occur. Connecting the cold ends of the thermoelectric elements to the first heat conducting member can enable the heat conducted by the solar cell module to the first heat conducting member to be quickly absorbed by the cold ends, and the heat is conducted from the cold ends to the hot ends and discharged from the hot ends, thereby realizing the rapid heat dissipation of the solar cell module.

[0015] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a heat dissipation member made of an insulating material, and the heat dissipation member is connected to the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element.

[0016] When the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric element is small, the heat absorption efficiency of the cold end will be higher, so that heat can be more effectively transferred from the cold end to the hot end. Since the photovoltaic module includes a heat dissipation member connected to the hot end, thereby, the heat dissipation speed of the hot end can be accelerated, so that the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end becomes smaller, which is beneficial to the cold end continuously and quickly absorbing the heat conducted by the solar cell module to the first heat conducting member, and is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0017] In some embodiments, the temperature control device further includes a second heat conducting member, and the second heat conducting member is located between the heat dissipation member and the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element.

[0018] Thus, the heat conduction from the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element to the heat dissipation member can be accelerated through the second heat conducting member, so as to accelerate the heat dissipation rate of the hot end, maintain a small temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, make the heat dissipation efficiency of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element better, better maintain the temperature of the photovoltaic module constant, and is beneficial to maintaining the performance stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0019] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes at least one air flow generating member, and the air flow generating member is arranged on the side where the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is located.

[0020] Thus, the heat dissipation of the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element can be further accelerated by means of heat convection, and the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end is maintained small, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is better.

[0021] In some embodiments, the closed loop further includes a power supply module and a variable resistor, and the variable resistor is located between the power supply module and the first thermoelectric element, or the variable resistor is located between the power supply module and the second thermoelectric element.

[0022] Thus, when the temperature of the photovoltaic module is too high or too low, the current in the closed loop can be appropriately increased through the variable resistor, thereby improving the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group. And when the temperature of the photovoltaic module is not very high or very low, the current in the closed loop is appropriately reduced through the variable resistor, thereby appropriately reducing the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group. In this way, the user can adjust the current in the closed loop through the variable resistor according to the actual situation, so as to adjust the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group, saving energy consumption while maintaining the temperature of the photovoltaic module at the target constant temperature, which is beneficial to cost reduction.

[0023] In some embodiments, the temperature control device further includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is disposed on the first heat conducting member, and the temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the first heat conducting member.

[0024] Thus, the temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the first heat conducting member in real time, thereby indirectly judging the temperature of the solar cell group, and can adjust the variable resistor in an automated manner based on the detected temperature, thereby changing the resistance value of the closed loop of the thermoelectric element group and adjusting the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group, which is more conducive to the user to monitor the state of the photovoltaic module in real time and has a higher degree of automation.

[0025] In some embodiments, the power supply module is an external power supply; or the power supply module is the solar cell group.

[0026] Thus, the current can be provided for the thermoelectric element group by an external power supply, and the current can also be provided for the thermoelectric element group by the solar cell group itself, which is beneficial to reducing the number of components and lowering the production cost.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element includes an N-type semiconductor, and the second thermoelectric element includes a P-type semiconductor.

[0028] Semiconductor materials have a large thermoelectric effect. Thus, the thermoelectric element group made of semiconductor materials can better dissipate heat or heat up the solar cell group, which is beneficial to maintaining the temperature of the photovoltaic module constant.

[0029] In some embodiments, the number of the temperature control devices is multiple, and the multiple temperature control devices are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the solar cell group.

[0030] Thus, the multiple temperature control devices arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the solar cell group can heat up or cool down the solar cell group faster and better, and make the temperature distribution of the solar cell group more uniform, so that the temperature at each part of the solar cell group is relatively constant, which is beneficial to improving the performance and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell group.

[0031] In some embodiments, the number of the solar cell groups is plural, and at least one of the temperature control devices is disposed between adjacent ones of the solar cell groups.

[0032] Therefore, by disposing the temperature control device between adjacent solar cell assemblies, heat dissipation can be performed for two solar cell groups simultaneously, which is beneficial to reducing the number of components, decreasing the overall volume of the photovoltaic module, and being more conducive to the integration and miniaturization of the photovoltaic module.

[0033] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery test system for testing a solar cell group. The battery test system includes: a test device, where the solar cell group is located inside the test device; and at least one temperature control device disposed on the outer periphery of the test device. The temperature control device includes a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group. The first heat conducting member is insulatedly connected to the solar cell group. The thermoelectric element group includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element that are spaced apart. The first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member.

[0034] Therefore, the thermoelectric element group of the temperature control device can heat up or cool down the solar cell group through the thermoelectric Peltier effect, which is beneficial to keeping the temperature of the solar cell group constant during testing, so that the solar cell group can be maintained at a target temperature for testing.

[0035] In addition, the structure of the temperature control device is simple, the number of components is small, and the overall volume is small. Therefore, while effectively cooling or heating up the solar cell group, the overall volume of the battery test system will not be too large, which is beneficial to convenient testing, carrying and transportation, and test certification, etc.

[0036] In some embodiments, both the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are connected to the first heat conducting member; the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are located on the same side of the test device, or the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are located on different sides of the test device.

[0037] Both the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are connected to the first heat conducting member, so that heat conducted by the first heat conducting member can be absorbed simultaneously by the two thermoelectric elements or heat can be transferred to the first heat conducting member simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation or heating efficiency. In addition, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element can flexibly adjust their positions according to the shape, size, etc. of the battery test system, with higher flexibility.

[0038] In some embodiments, the test device includes a box body, an accommodation space is formed inside the box body, the solar cell pack is located in the accommodation space, one side of the box body along a first direction has an opening, and the first heat conducting member covers the opening; the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are respectively located on two sides of the box body along a second direction; wherein, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0039] Thus, while the first heat conducting member conducts heat, it can also act as a light shielding plate of the test device, so that when the solar cell pack is being tested, the effective area of the test can be demarcated, which is more conducive to the accuracy of the test results.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element include a cold end and a hot end which are oppositely arranged. When the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element are connected to the first heat conducting member, the cold end faces the first heat conducting member and the hot end is away from the first heat conducting member.

[0041] Thus, the heat conducted from the solar cell pack being tested to the first heat conducting member is quickly absorbed by the cold end, and the heat is conducted from the cold end to the hot end and discharged from the hot end, thereby realizing the rapid heat dissipation of the solar cell pack.

[0042] In some embodiments, the battery test system further includes a heat dissipation member made of an insulating material, and the heat dissipation member is connected to the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element.

[0043] Since the battery test system includes a heat dissipation member connected to the hot end, thus, the heat dissipation speed of the hot end can be accelerated, so that the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end becomes smaller, which is beneficial to the cold end continuously and quickly absorbing the heat conducted from the solar cell pack to the first heat conducting member.

[0044] In some embodiments, the battery test system further includes at least one air flow generating member, and the air flow generating member is arranged on the side where the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is located.

[0045] Thus, the heat dissipation of the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element can be further accelerated by means of heat convection, maintaining a small temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, and making the heat dissipation efficiency of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element better.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element includes an N-type semiconductor, and the second thermoelectric element includes a P-type semiconductor.

[0047] Semiconductor materials have a large thermoelectric effect. Thus, the thermoelectric elements made of semiconductor materials can better dissipate heat or raise the temperature of the solar cell module, thereby maintaining the temperature of the entire battery test system constant, enabling the solar cell module to be tested at the target temperature and achieving higher test accuracy.

[0048] Thirdly, the embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation device, and the power generation device includes the photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect above.

[0049] Thus, a power generation device equipped with a photovoltaic module with constant temperature, stable performance, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and long service life can be provided, improving the power generation amount of the power generation device and the reliability of use of the power generation device.

[0050] Fourthly, the embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, and the electrical device includes the photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect above.

[0051] Thus, an electrical device equipped with a photovoltaic module with constant temperature, stable performance, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and long service life can be provided, so as to better supply power to the electrical device and improve the reliability of use of the electrical device.

[0052] The photovoltaic module, battery test system, power generation device and electrical device in the embodiment of the present application have good heat dissipation effect and stable performance, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the service life of the device.

[0053] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to be able to understand the technical means of the present application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present application are hereinafter specifically exemplified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present application. And in all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0056] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0057] Figure 3Schematic structure of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0058] Figure 4 Schematic structure of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0059] Figure 5 Schematic structure of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 5 ;

[0060] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a schematic structural diagram of another perspective of the provided photovoltaic module;

[0061] Figure 7 Schematic structure of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 6 ;

[0062] Figure 8 Schematic structural diagram of a battery test system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] Description of reference numerals

[0064] 1. Solar cell array; 2. Temperature control device; 21. First heat conducting member; 22. Thermoelectric element group; 221. First thermoelectric element; 222. Second thermoelectric element; 23. Second heat conducting member; 3. Heat dissipation member; 4. Airflow generating member; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Testing device; 61. Box body; 62. Probe; 10. Closed loop; 101. Power supply module; 102. Variable resistor; 20. Accommodating space; 100. Photovoltaic module; 200. Battery test system. Detailed implementation manners

[0065] Hereinafter, embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, and thus are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0067] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0068] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0069] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0070] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", and "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, operated or used in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0071] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0072] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical term "contact" should be understood in a broad sense, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact with essentially no interaction force between the two contacting parties, or contact with interaction force between the two contacting parties.

[0073] Next, a detailed description of the present application will be given.

[0074] At present, new energy batteries are increasingly widely used in life and industry. New energy batteries are not only applied to energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric transportation such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric vehicles, as well as multiple fields such as aerospace. With the continuous expansion of the application fields of power batteries, the market demand is also continuously increasing.

[0075] In recent years, the problems of global energy shortage and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. Solar cell modules, as ideal renewable energy sources, have received more and more attention. Solar cell modules, also known as photovoltaic modules, are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect or the photochemical effect. Photovoltaic modules have great industrialization prospects due to their cost advantages.

[0076] During the use of photovoltaic modules, not all light energy will be converted into electrical energy by solar cells. A part of the light energy will be converted into heat energy, which will cause the temperature of the solar cells to rise and generate a large amount of heat. Especially in some areas with higher temperatures, the heat generation of solar cells will be more obvious. At higher temperatures, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules will decrease, resulting in a reduction in the output power, which in turn affects the power generation efficiency. Moreover, if the heat generated by solar cells cannot be discharged in time and the photovoltaic modules always maintain a high temperature state, it may cause the photovoltaic modules to have thermal fatigue, resulting in performance degradation. And the higher the temperature, the more serious the performance degradation, thus shortening the service life of the photovoltaic modules.

[0077] In addition, in some high-latitude regions or extremely cold regions, the temperature of photovoltaic modules will be too low during use, which will also have a certain impact on the performance and service life of photovoltaic modules.

[0078] Moreover, due to the large temperature difference between the use state and the non-use state of photovoltaic modules, or the large temperature difference between day and night in some areas, the material expansion and contraction caused by this temperature fluctuation may lead to the degradation of some connectors or seals of photovoltaic modules, thereby increasing the possibility of adverse situations such as external water vapor invading the inside of photovoltaic modules and damaging solar cells.

[0079] In related technologies, water cooling devices, air cooling devices, pipeline circulation pumps, heating devices, etc. are usually used to heat up or cool down photovoltaic modules. These devices often need to be equipped with many functional accessories and functional systems, with a large number of components and a large overall volume, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of photovoltaic modules, and the assembly difficulty will be higher, which is not conducive to controlling production costs.

[0080] In view of the problems existing in the above related technologies, the present application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes at least one solar cell pack and at least one temperature control device. The solar cell pack includes at least one solar cell. The temperature control device includes a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group. Among them, the first heat conducting member is insulated and connected to the solar cell pack. The thermoelectric element group includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element arranged at intervals. The first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member.

[0081] Since the photovoltaic module includes a temperature control device, the temperature control device includes a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group. The first heat conducting member can conduct the heat generated by the solar cell pack or conduct heat to the solar cell pack. At least one thermoelectric element in the thermoelectric element group is connected to the first heat conducting member. Thus, the thermoelectric element group can absorb the heat conducted from the solar cell pack to the first heat conducting member or conduct heat to the first heat conducting member through the thermoelectric Peltier effect, so as to increase or decrease the temperature of the solar cell pack, which is beneficial to keeping the temperature of the photovoltaic module constant, maintaining the stable performance of the photovoltaic module, and further beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0082] In addition, the temperature control device has a simple structure, fewer components, and a smaller overall volume. Therefore, while effectively cooling the solar cell pack, the overall volume of the photovoltaic module will not be too large, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the overall photovoltaic module, beneficial to reducing the space area occupied when installing the photovoltaic module, and thus improving the space utilization rate.

[0083] A photovoltaic module is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect or the photochemical effect. The photovoltaic conversion device used for the photovoltaic effect or the photochemical effect in the photovoltaic module is a solar cell (also known as a photovoltaic cell). Solar cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite solar cells, cadmium telluride zinc selenide solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, copper indium selenide photovoltaic solar cells, or copper indium gallium sulfur solar cells, etc.

[0084] The photovoltaic module can be used in, but is not limited to, power consumption devices such as energy storage power systems, vehicles, ships, or aircraft, as well as energy storage devices such as energy storage containers and energy storage electric cabinets.

[0085] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes tempered glass. The solar cell is arranged between two pieces of tempered glass, and EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) can be applied between the tempered glass and the solar cell to relatively fix the three. Further, silicone is filled between the periphery of the solar cell and the tempered glass to isolate the solar cell and EVA from the outside air.

[0086] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module may further include a support frame and a fixing member. The fixing member is disposed on the periphery of the solar cell to fix the solar cell, and the solar cell is mounted on the support frame through the fixing member. The photovoltaic module may further include a frame, which is disposed around the solar cell and may be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The fixing member is connected to the frame, and the solar cell is mounted on the support frame through the fixing member.

[0087] Exemplarily, the power generation device is a solar photovoltaic generator.

[0088] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes lighting equipment, energy storage equipment, etc., but is not limited thereto. For example, the electrical device includes a solar water heater, a solar street lamp, a solar calculator, etc.

[0089] Next, with reference to Figures 1 to 8 some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail.

[0090] Figure 1 Structural schematic of the photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 。 Figure 2 Structural schematic of the photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 。 Figure 3 Structural schematic of the photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 。 Figure 4 Structural schematic of the photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 4 。 Figure 5 Structural schematic of the photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 5 。 Figure 6 For Figure 5 structural schematic of another perspective of the photovoltaic module provided. Figure 7 Structural schematic of the photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 6 。 Figure 8 Structural schematic of the battery test system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present application, for the convenience of description, a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction are defined. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the case where the three directions are perpendicular to each other. For the convenience of description, as Figures 1 to 8 shown by the arrow in

[0092] As Figures 1 to 7As shown in the figure, a first aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic module 100, which includes at least one solar cell group 1 and at least one temperature control device 2. The solar cell group 1 includes at least one solar cell. The temperature control device 2 includes a first heat conducting member 21 and a thermoelectric element group 22. Among them, the first heat conducting member 21 is insulated from the solar cell group 1, and the thermoelectric element group 22 includes a first thermoelectric element 221 and a second thermoelectric element 222 arranged at intervals. The first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop 10, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 is connected to the first heat conducting member 21.

[0093] The photovoltaic module 100 is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect or the photochemical effect.

[0094] The solar cell group 1 is a photoelectric conversion device in the photovoltaic module 100 for performing the photovoltaic effect or the photochemical effect. The solar cell group 1 may include only one solar cell, or may include multiple solar cells (two or more). The multiple solar cells may be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid connection (such as series-parallel).

[0095] In the embodiments of the present application, the number of solar cells in the solar cell group 1 and the arrangement manner of the solar cells are not specifically limited.

[0096] The photoelectric conversion principle of the solar cell group 1 is as follows: Incident light (for example, sunlight) enters the device interior, then reaches the light absorption layer and is absorbed by it. Under the excitation of the incident light, electron-hole pairs are generated in the light absorption layer. Under the action of an electric field, the holes and electrons are separated. The electrons are transmitted to one electrode, and at the same time, the holes are transmitted to the other electrode. Subsequently, a loop is formed via the external circuit, which can be used to drive the load to work.

[0097] In the embodiments of the present application, the solar cells in the solar cell group 1 are perovskite solar cells. A perovskite solar cell is a solar cell that uses a perovskite material as the light absorption layer. Compared with other solar cells, the perovskite solar cell has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0098] "Perovskite" refers to a material having a three-dimensional crystal structure related to the three-dimensional crystal structure of CaTiO3, or a layer material including a structure related to the structure of CaTiO3.

[0099] In some embodiments, the perovskite material includes at least one of the compounds represented by [A][B][X]3 and the compounds represented by [A]2[C][D][X]6, wherein A includes at least one of inorganic or organic monovalent cations, B includes at least one inorganic divalent cation, C includes at least one inorganic monovalent cation, D includes at least one inorganic trivalent cation, and X includes at least one monovalent anion.

[0100] Exemplarily, the organic monovalent cation includes: (NR1R2R3R4) + , (R1R2N=CR3R4) + , (R1R2N-C(R5)=NR3R4) + or (R1R2N-C(NR5R6)=NR3R4) + wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. For example, the organic monovalent cation includes: ((H2N=CH-NH2) + (abbreviated as FA), CH3NH3 + (abbreviated as MA) or at least one of them.

[0101] Exemplarily, the inorganic monovalent cation includes: Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Cu + , Ag + , Au + or Hg + or at least one of them.

[0102] Exemplarily, the inorganic divalent cation includes: Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ge 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Pd 2+ , Yb 2+ or Eu 2+ or at least one of them.

[0103] Exemplarily, the inorganic trivalent cations include: Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ga 3+ , As 3+ , Ru 3+ , Rh 3+ , In 3+ , Ir 3+ , Au 3+ or Al 3+ and at least one of them.

[0104] Exemplarily, the monovalent anions include: F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , SCN - , CNO - , OCN - , OSCN - , SH - , OH - , CN - , SeCN - and at least one of them.

[0105] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes Cs 0.1 , MA 0.15 , FA 0.75 , PbCl 0.15 , I 2.85 , MAPbI3, FAPbI3, (FA 0.83 , MA 0.17 ), 0.95 , Cs 0.05 , Pb(I 0.83 , Br 0.17 ),3, CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, CsPbIBr2, where FA represents (H2N=CH-NH2) + , MA represents CH3NH3 + . Optionally, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes: Cs 0.1 , MA 0.15 , FA 0.75 , PbCl 0.15 , I 2.85 . The above-mentioned lead-based perovskite materials are commonly used in perovskite solar cells, making the solar cells have better reproducibility.

[0106] The temperature control device 2 refers to a device that can adjust the temperature of the photovoltaic module 100. The number of the temperature control devices 2 can be only one, or can be multiple (two or more), and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the number of the temperature control devices 2, and can be specifically set according to the size specification of the actual solar cell array 1 and the arrangement mode of the solar cells included in the solar cell array 1.

[0107] Specifically, the temperature control device 2 includes a first heat conducting member 21 and a thermoelectric element group 22.

[0108] The first heat conducting member 21 refers to an element that can conduct heat. In the embodiments of the present application, the first heat conducting member 21 is insulated and connected to the solar cell array 1. Therefore, the first heat conducting member 21 can conduct the heat generated by the solar cell array 1, and can also conduct heat to the solar cell array 21.

[0109] The first heat conducting member 21 can be generally in a plate shape or a block shape, and the end face area of one side of the first heat conducting member 21 for connecting with the solar cell array 1 can be the same as or slightly larger than the end face area of the solar cell array 1, so as to improve the contact area between the first heat conducting member 21 and the solar cell array 1, and further better exchange heat with the solar cell array 1.

[0110] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the connection manner between the first heat conducting member 21 and the solar cell array 1. The first heat conducting member 21 can be insulated and connected to the solar cell array 1 by means such as bonding and clamping, for example. The insulated connection means that the first heat conducting member 21 is electrically insulated from the solar cell array 1. For example, the insulated connection can be realized by setting an insulating member between the first heat conducting member 21 and the solar cell array 1, or can be realized by the adhesion of an insulating adhesive.

[0111] Exemplarily, the number of the first heat conducting members 21 can be two, and the two first heat conducting members 21 can be respectively located on the opposite sides of the solar cell array 1 along the first direction, the second direction or the third direction. Or, the two first heat conducting members 21 can be respectively located on the adjacent sides of the solar cell array 1 along the first direction, the second direction or the third direction. Or, the two first heat conducting members 21 can be both located on the same side of the solar cell array 1. Figure 1 Only the case where the two first heat conducting members 21 are located on the opposite sides of the solar cell array 1 along the second direction is exemplarily shown.

[0112] Also exemplarily, the number of the first heat conducting members 21 can also be only one, and one first heat conducting member 21 can be located on any side of the solar cell array 1 along the first direction, the second direction or the third direction. Or, as Figure 2As shown, a first heat conducting member 21 may be formed with a groove, and the solar cell pack 1 is located within the groove of the first heat conducting member 21. Figure 4 Only by way of example, the case where the first heat conducting member 21 is located on one side of the solar cell pack 1 along the first direction is shown.

[0113] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the number and position of the first heat conducting member 21, as long as the first heat conducting member 21 does not affect the solar cell pack 1 from receiving incident light and can exchange heat with the solar cell pack 1.

[0114] In addition, the embodiments of the present application also do not specifically limit the shape and size of the first heat conducting member 21, which can be set according to the shape and size of the solar cell pack 1. For example, when the solar cell pack 1 is generally circular, the first heat conducting member 21 can generally be arc-shaped and is insulatively connected to the outer periphery of the solar cell pack 1.

[0115] When the number of the temperature control devices 2 is multiple, the number of the first heat conducting members 21 of each temperature control device 2 may be the same or different, and the arrangement manners of the first heat conducting members 21 of each temperature control device 2 may be the same or different.

[0116] Exemplarily, the first heat conducting member 21 may be made of a metallic heat conducting material, a non-metallic heat conducting material or a composite heat conducting material. The metallic heat conducting materials include but are not limited to copper, aluminum, silver, etc. The non-metallic heat conducting materials include but are not limited to diamond, graphite, etc. The composite heat conducting materials include but are not limited to silicone grease, thermally conductive plastics, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the material of the first heat conducting member 21.

[0117] The thermoelectric element group 22 refers to a component that realizes temperature regulation through the thermoelectric Peltier effect. Specifically, the thermoelectric Peltier effect means that when an electric current passes through a loop composed of different conductors, in addition to generating irreversible Joule heat, heat absorption or heat release phenomena will respectively occur at the joints of different conductors along with the different directions of the electric current.

[0118] The thermoelectric element group 22 of the embodiment of the present application includes a first thermoelectric element 221 and a second thermoelectric element 222, and the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop. According to the thermoelectric Peltier effect, one end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 will absorb heat, and the other end will release heat. Therefore, in some areas with relatively high temperatures, the end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 that absorbs heat can be connected to the first heat conducting member 21, so as to absorb the heat conducted by the first heat conducting member 21, and further achieve rapid heat dissipation of the solar cell module 1. In some areas with relatively low temperatures, the end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 that releases heat can be connected to the first heat conducting member 21, so as to conduct heat to the first heat conducting member 21, and further raise the temperature of the solar cell module 1. In some areas with large day-night temperature differences, a plurality of temperature control devices 2 can be provided. The end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 of some temperature control devices 2 that releases heat is connected to the first heat conducting member 21, and the end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 of some other temperature control devices 2 that absorbs heat is connected to the first heat conducting member 21. When the temperature is high during the day, the temperature control device 2 that realizes heat dissipation of the solar cell module 1 works, and when the temperature is low at night, the temperature control device 2 that realizes temperature rise of the solar cell module 1 works.

[0119] Thus, it is beneficial to keep the temperature of the photovoltaic module 100 constant and maintain the stable performance of the photovoltaic module 100 through the temperature control device 2, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the service life of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0120] Exemplarily, as Figure 3 shown, only the first thermoelectric element 221 can be connected to the first heat conducting member 21, or only the second thermoelectric element 222 can be connected to the first heat conducting member 21.

[0121] Again exemplarily, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, both the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can be connected to the first heat conducting member 21.

[0122] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that when only one thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member 21, this thermoelectric element still needs to be electrically connected to the other thermoelectric element to form a closed loop 10. Thus, it is possible to absorb the heat conducted by the first heat conducting member 21 or conduct heat to the first heat conducting member 21 through the thermoelectric Peltier effect.

[0123] In the embodiments of the present application, the materials of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are not specifically limited and can be metal thermoelectric elements or semiconductor thermoelectric elements.

[0124] The temperature control device 2 in the embodiments of the present application has a simple structure, fewer components, and a smaller overall volume. Therefore, while effectively heating or cooling the solar cell module 1, the overall volume of the photovoltaic module 100 will not be too large, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the overall photovoltaic module 100, and is beneficial to reducing the space area occupied when installing the photovoltaic module 100, thereby improving space utilization.

[0125] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of each temperature control device 2 are both connected to the first heat conducting member 21. The first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of each temperature control device 2 are located on the same side of the solar cell module 1, or the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of each temperature control device 2 are located on different sides of the solar cell module 1.

[0126] Both the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are connected to the first heat conducting member 21, so that heat conducted by the first heat conducting member 21 can be simultaneously absorbed by the two thermoelectric elements or heat can be simultaneously conducted to the first heat conducting member 21, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0127] In addition, as long as the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can be connected to the first heat conducting member 21, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can flexibly adjust their positions according to the shape, size, etc. of the solar cell module 1, with higher flexibility, so that good heat dissipation or heating can be achieved for solar cell modules 1 with different shapes and different size specifications.

[0128] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 shown, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of the thermoelectric element group 22 of each temperature control device 2 are respectively located on opposite sides of the solar cell module 1 along the second direction.

[0129] Another example is, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of the thermoelectric element group 22 of each temperature control device 2 can be located on the same side of the solar cell module 1 along the first direction or the second direction.

[0130] Those skilled in the art should understand that although not shown in the figures, when the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of each thermoelectric element group 22 of the temperature control devices 2 are located on the same side of the solar cell group 1 along the first direction or the second direction, in addition to being arranged at intervals along the first direction or the second direction, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of each thermoelectric element group 22 can also be arranged at intervals along the third direction.

[0131] This application does not specifically limit the arrangement of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 of each thermoelectric element group 22 of the temperature control devices 2, as long as the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can be in contact with the first heat conducting member 21 and absorb the heat conducted by the first heat conducting member 21, or conduct heat to the first heat conducting member 21.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first heat conducting member 21 is electrically connected to the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222.

[0133] In the embodiments of this application, the first heat conducting member 21 can be made of a metal material, for example. The metal material has a higher heat conduction efficiency. Moreover, when the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are connected to the same first heat conducting member 21, the electrical connection between the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can be directly achieved through the first heat conducting member 21 made of a metal material, reducing the number of conductive structural members (such as wires) and lowering the production cost.

[0134] As Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the first heat conducting member 21 can be directly electrically connected to the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222. Thus, only one wire needs to be provided to electrically connect the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 to form a closed loop 10.

[0135] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that in some other embodiments, the first heat conducting member 21 can also be made of any other suitable electrically conductive and heat conductive material such as graphene. Additionally, when the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can be electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop 10, the first heat conducting member 21 can also be made of a material that only conducts heat and is not electrically conductive.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 include a cold end and a hot end that are oppositely arranged. When the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 are connected to the first heat conducting member 21, the cold end is arranged facing the first heat conducting member 21, and the hot end is arranged away from the first heat conducting member 21.

[0137] When the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are electrically connected to each other, the cold ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 will experience a temperature drop and an endothermic phenomenon, while the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 will experience a temperature rise and an exothermic phenomenon. Connecting the cold ends of the thermoelectric elements to the first heat conducting member 21 enables the heat conducted from the solar cell module 1 to the first heat conducting member 21 to be quickly absorbed by the cold ends. The heat is conducted from the cold ends to the hot ends and discharged from the hot ends, thereby achieving rapid heat dissipation of the solar cell module 1.

[0138] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that in some other embodiments, if it is necessary to heat the solar cell module 1, the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 can also be arranged facing the first heat conducting member 21, and the cold ends can be arranged away from the first heat conducting member 21.

[0139] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a heat dissipating member 3 made of an insulating material, and the heat dissipating member 3 is connected to the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222.

[0140] The heat dissipating member 3 refers to a component that helps with heat dissipation.

[0141] When the temperature difference between the cold ends and the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 is small, the endothermic efficiency of the cold ends will be higher, thereby enabling heat to be more effectively transferred from the cold ends to the hot ends. Since the photovoltaic module 100 includes the heat dissipating member 3 connected to the hot ends, the heat dissipation speed of the hot ends can be accelerated, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the cold ends and the hot ends, which is beneficial for the cold ends to continuously and quickly absorb the heat conducted from the solar cell module 1 to the first heat conducting member 21, and is beneficial for improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0142] In addition, a small temperature difference between the cold ends and the hot ends also helps to reduce the energy consumption of the temperature control device 2, improve the energy efficiency, and is beneficial for energy conservation, environmental protection, and cost reduction.

[0143] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, in the embodiments of the present application, when the number of temperature control devices 2 is multiple, all the thermoelectric element groups 22 of the temperature control devices 2 can be connected to the hot ends through only one heat dissipating member 3, which is beneficial for reducing the number of components and the production cost.

[0144] Of course, in some other embodiments, multiple heat dissipating members 3 can also be respectively connected to the hot ends of the thermoelectric element groups 22 of each temperature control device 2.

[0145] In the embodiments of the present application, the heat dissipation member 3 is made of an insulating material, so that when the heat dissipation member 3 is simultaneously connected to the hot ends of a plurality of thermoelectric element groups 22, short circuits are not likely to occur.

[0146] Exemplarily, the heat dissipation member 3 may be made of a ceramic material.

[0147] In the embodiments of the present application, the heat dissipation member 3 is generally in a plate shape, and continuously radiates the heat transferred from the cold end to the hot end of the thermoelectric element group 22 into the air in a heat radiation manner, thereby cooling the photovoltaic module 100.

[0148] In some other embodiments, a cavity may be formed inside the heat dissipation member 3, and a heat exchange medium or a phase change material may be filled in the cavity, etc., so as to accelerate the discharge of the heat at the hot end of the thermoelectric element group 22 in a water-cooling or phase change refrigeration manner, and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0149] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the form and type of the heat dissipation member 3, as long as it can dissipate the heat at the hot end of the thermoelectric element group 22.

[0150] In some embodiments, the temperature control device 2 further includes a second heat conducting member 23, and the second heat conducting member 23 is located between the heat dissipation member 3 and the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222.

[0151] Although some of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 made of semiconductor materials have heat conductivity, the heat conduction effect may not be as good as that of some traditional metal heat conducting members, and the impedance is relatively high. Therefore, by providing the second heat conducting member 23 between the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 and the heat dissipation member 3, the heat conduction from the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 to the heat dissipation member 3 can be accelerated, thereby accelerating the discharge rate of the heat at the hot end, maintaining a small temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, and making the heat dissipation efficiency of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 better.

[0152] In the embodiments of the present application, the second heat conducting member 23 is made of a metal material, has a good heat conduction effect, and has a low impedance, and can conduct current well. The conductive structure member can be directly connected to the second heat conducting member 23 connected to the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 to form a closed loop 10.

[0153] Exemplarily, in some other embodiments, the second heat conducting member 23 may also be made of any other suitable non-metal material with good heat conduction and conductivity.

[0154] As another example, the second heat conductor 23 may also be made of a material that is only heat-conductive and not electrically conductive. In this case, the conductive structure needs to be directly connected to the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 to form a closed loop 10 .

[0155] In addition, the material of the second heat conducting member 23 can be the same as or different from the material of the first heat conducting member 21. The present embodiment does not impose any specific restrictions on the material and shape of the second heat conducting member 23, as long as good heat conduction of the hot end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 can be achieved.

[0156] Of course, in some other embodiments, the second heat conductor 23 may not be provided between the hot end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 and the heat sink 3 , and the hot end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 may be directly connected to the heat sink 3 .

[0157] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the photovoltaic assembly 100 further includes at least one airflow generating element 4 , which is disposed on the side where the hot end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 is located.

[0158] The airflow generating member 4 is a component capable of generating airflow.

[0159] Exemplarily, the airflow generating element 4 includes but is not limited to a fan.

[0160] Thus, the airflow generating element 4 can generate airflow to further accelerate the discharge of heat from the hot end of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 by means of thermal convection, maintain a small temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 is better, and the temperature of the photovoltaic component 100 is better maintained constant, which is conducive to maintaining the stable performance of the photovoltaic component 100.

[0161] In some embodiments, the closed loop 10 further includes a power module 101 and a variable resistor 102 . The variable resistor 102 is located between the power module 101 and the first thermoelectric element 221 , or between the power module 101 and the second thermoelectric element 222 .

[0162] The power module 101 refers to a device capable of providing current to the closed loop 10 , and the variable resistor 102 refers to a device capable of adjusting the resistance of the closed loop 10 to thereby change the magnitude of the current in the closed loop 10 .

[0163] Thus, when the temperature of the photovoltaic module 100 is too high or too low, the current of the closed loop 10 can be appropriately increased through the variable resistor 102, so as to improve the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group 22. And when the temperature of the photovoltaic module 100 is not very high or not very low, the current of the closed loop 10 can be appropriately decreased through the variable resistor 102, so as to appropriately reduce the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group 22. In this way, the user can adjust the current of the closed loop 10 through the variable resistor 102 according to the actual situation, so as to adjust the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group 22, saving energy consumption while maintaining the temperature of the photovoltaic module 100 at the target constant temperature, which is beneficial to reducing costs.

[0164] Exemplarily, the variable resistor 102 can be, for example, a slide rheostat. The variable resistor 102 can adjust the current of the closed loop 10 in an automatic manner or in a manual way.

[0165] When the number of the temperature control devices 2 is multiple, the thermoelectric element groups 22 of each temperature control device 2 can be connected in parallel with each other, and all the closed loops 10 of the thermoelectric element groups 22 are powered by one power supply module 101. It can also be that the closed loops 10 of the thermoelectric element groups 22 of each temperature control device 2 are respectively powered by separate power supply modules 101. Of course, it can also be that some of the closed loops 10 are connected in parallel and powered by one power supply module 101, and some other closed loops 10 are independent of each other and are respectively powered by separate power supply modules 101.

[0166] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, the temperature control device 2 further includes a temperature sensor 5. The temperature sensor 5 is arranged on the first heat conducting member 21, and the temperature sensor 5 is configured to detect the temperature of the first heat conducting member 21.

[0167] The temperature sensor 5 refers to a sensor that can sense temperature and convert it into an available output signal.

[0168] Specifically, the variable resistor 102 can change its resistance value based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 5.

[0169] Thus, through the temperature sensor 5, the temperature of the first heat conducting member 21 can be detected in real time, so as to indirectly judge the temperature of the solar cell group 1, and the variable resistor 102 can be adjusted in an automated manner based on the detected temperature, so as to change the resistance value of the closed loop 10 of the thermoelectric element group 22, and further change the magnitude of the current of the closed loop 10, adjusting the heat dissipation or heating efficiency of the thermoelectric element group 22, which is more conducive for the user to monitor the state of the photovoltaic module 100 in real time and has a higher degree of automation.

[0170] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the number of the temperature sensors 5 and the positions of the temperature sensors 5 on the first heat conducting member 21, as long as the temperature of the first heat conducting member 21 can be detected.

[0171] In some embodiments, the power supply module 101 is an external power supply, or the power supply module 101 is a solar cell array 1.

[0172] Thus, a separate external power supply can be used to provide current to the thermoelectric element group 22, and the solar cell array 1 itself can also be used to provide current to the thermoelectric element group 22. Providing current to the thermoelectric element group 22 through the solar cell array 1 itself is beneficial to reducing the number of components and lowering the production cost.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element 221 includes an N-type semiconductor, and the second thermoelectric element 222 includes a P-type semiconductor.

[0174] A semiconductor is a substance whose conductivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator. According to the different carriers (or crystal defects), it can be divided into P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors. There are two types of carriers in a semiconductor, namely holes in the valence band and electrons in the conduction band. A semiconductor mainly conducting electricity by electrons is called an N-type semiconductor, and correspondingly, a semiconductor mainly conducting electricity by holes is called a P-type semiconductor.

[0175] Compared with metal conductor materials, semiconductor materials have a larger thermoelectric effect. Thus, the thermoelectric element group 22 made of semiconductor materials can better dissipate heat or raise the temperature of the solar cell array.

[0176] Specifically, the N-type semiconductor has excess electrons and a negative thermoelectric potential. The P-type semiconductor lacks electrons and has a positive thermoelectric potential. When electrons flow from the N-type semiconductor to the P-type semiconductor, it is equivalent to moving from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. In this process, excess energy will be absorbed in the form of heat, and in the present application, the absorbed energy comes from the heat conducted by the first heat conducting member 21, so as to quickly absorb the heat of the solar cell array 1 conducted by the first heat conducting member 21, that is, when the current flows from the N-type semiconductor to the P-type semiconductor, the temperature control device 2 cools. On the contrary, when electrons flow from the P-type semiconductor to the N-type semiconductor, it is equivalent to moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. In this process, excess energy will be released in the form of heat, and the released energy will be absorbed by the first heat conducting member 21, thereby increasing the temperature of the first heat conducting member 21 and further increasing the temperature of the solar cell array 1, that is, when the current flows from the P-type semiconductor to the N-type semiconductor, the temperature control device 2 heats.

[0177] Thus, the embodiments of the present application can control the thermoelectric element group 22 to cool or heat by controlling the flow direction of the current in the closed loop 10, so as to better maintain the temperature of the photovoltaic module 100 constant.

[0178] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 shown, the number of temperature control devices 2 is multiple, and the multiple temperature control devices 2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the solar cell array 1.

[0179] Thus, the multiple temperature control devices 2 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the solar cell array 1 can heat up or cool down the solar cell array faster and better, and make the temperature distribution of the solar cell array 1 more uniform, so that the temperatures at various parts of the solar cell array 1 are relatively constant, which is beneficial to improving the performance and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell array 1.

[0180] In addition, some of the multiple temperature control devices 2 can heat up the solar cell array 1, and the other part of the temperature control devices 2 can cool down the solar cell array 1. In this way, it is not necessary to frequently change the current flow direction of the closed loop 10 to change the heating or cooling of the temperature control device 2. Only when the temperature is too high, the temperature control device 2 for cooling the solar cell array 1 needs to be enabled, and when the temperature is too low, the temperature control device 2 for heating the solar cell array needs to be enabled.

[0181] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the number of solar cell arrays 1 is multiple, and at least one temperature control device 2 is arranged between adjacent solar cell arrays 1.

[0182] Thus, by arranging the temperature control device 2 between adjacent solar cell assemblies 1, the two solar cell arrays 1 can be heated up or cooled down simultaneously, which is beneficial to reducing the number of components, reducing the overall volume of the photovoltaic module 100, and being more conducive to the integration and miniaturization of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0183] Exemplarily, the number of temperature control devices 2 between adjacent solar cell arrays 1 can be only one. The first heat conducting member 21 of one temperature control device 2 can correspond to the shape of the end face connected to the solar cell array 1, so as to increase the contact area between the first heat conducting member 21 and the solar cell array 1 and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0184] Also exemplarily, the number of temperature control devices 2 between adjacent solar cell arrays 1 can also be multiple (two or more), and the multiple temperature control devices 2 can be arranged at intervals with each other, so as to heat up or cool down the solar cell array 1 better.

[0185] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the number and arrangement manner of the temperature control devices 2 between adjacent solar cell arrays 1.

[0186] As Figure e8As shown in the figure, the second aspect of the present application further provides a battery test system 200 for testing a solar cell pack 1. The battery test system 200 includes a test device 6 and at least one temperature control device 2. The solar cell pack 1 is located inside the test device 6. The temperature control device 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the test device 6. The temperature control device 2 includes a first heat conducting member 21 and a thermoelectric element group 22. The first heat conducting member 21 is insulated and connected to the solar cell pack 1. The thermoelectric element group 22 includes a first thermoelectric element 221 and a second thermoelectric element 222 arranged at intervals. The first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop 10. At least one of the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 is connected to the first heat conducting member 21.

[0187] The test device 6 refers to a device for testing the solar cell pack 1. For example, it can perform optoelectronic performance testing, open circuit voltage testing, spectral response testing, etc. on the solar cell pack 1.

[0188] Since the battery test system 200 includes the temperature control device 2, the thermoelectric element group 22 of the temperature control device 2 can heat up or cool down the solar cell pack 1 through the thermoelectric Peltier effect, which is beneficial to keeping the temperature of the solar cell pack 1 constant during testing, enabling the solar cell pack 1 to be maintained at the target temperature for testing and improving the test accuracy.

[0189] In addition, the structure of the temperature control device 2 is simple, the number of components is small, and the overall volume is small. Therefore, while effectively cooling or heating the solar cell pack 1, the overall volume of the battery test system 200 will not be too large, which is beneficial for convenient testing, carrying and transportation, and test certification, etc.

[0190] The present application embodiment does not specifically limit the number of the temperature control devices 2, which can be set according to the size of the actual test device 6.

[0191] In some embodiments, both the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are connected to the first heat conducting member 21. The first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are located on the same side of the test device, or the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are located on different sides of the test device.

[0192] Both the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are connected to the first heat conducting member 21, so that heat conducted by the first heat conducting member 21 can be absorbed by the two thermoelectric elements simultaneously or heat can be transferred to the first heat conducting member 21 simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation or heating efficiency.

[0193] In addition, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can be flexibly adjusted according to the form, size, etc. of the battery test system 200, with higher flexibility.

[0194] In some embodiments, the test device 6 includes a box body 61. An accommodation space 20 is formed inside the box body 61. The solar cell module 1 is located in the accommodation space 20. One side of the box body 61 along a first direction has an opening, and the first heat conducting member 21 covers the opening. The first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are respectively located on two sides of the box body 61 along a second direction. Wherein, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0195] The box body 61 is an accommodation member of the test device 6. The solar cell module 1 is located in the accommodation space 20 of the box body 61 for testing. The test device 6 further includes a probe 62, which is also located in the accommodation space of the box body 61. When the solar cell module 1 is located in the accommodation space 20, the probe 62 contacts the solar cell module 1 to perform corresponding tests.

[0196] In the embodiments of the present application, the first heat conducting member 21 covers the opening of the box body 61. Thus, while the first heat conducting member 21 conducts heat, it can also act as a light shielding plate of the test device 6, so as to define the effective area of the test when the solar cell module 1 is being tested, which is more conducive to the accuracy of the test results.

[0197] Exemplarily, the solar cell module 1 can be fixed to the side of the first heat conducting member 21 facing the accommodation space 20 by means of snap connection.

[0198] Also exemplarily, a protruding portion can be formed on the side of the first heat conducting member 21 facing the accommodation space 20. The solar cell module 1 can be in contact with the probe 62 under the pressing action of the protruding portion.

[0199] In the embodiments of the present application, the first heat conducting member 21 is generally in a flat plate shape. The first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 are respectively located on two sides of the box body 61 along the second direction. In some other embodiments, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 can also be respectively located on opposite sides of the box body 61 along the first direction or the third direction, or on the same side of the box body 61.

[0200] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element 221 and the second thermoelectric element 222 include a cold end and a hot end which are oppositely arranged. When the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 are connected to the first heat conducting member 21, the cold end is arranged facing the first heat conducting member 21, and the hot end is arranged away from the first heat conducting member 21.

[0201] As a result, the heat conducted from the solar cell pack 1 being tested to the first heat conducting member 21 is quickly absorbed by the cold end, and the heat is conducted through the cold end to the hot end and discharged from the hot end, thereby achieving rapid heat dissipation of the solar cell pack 1.

[0202] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that in some other embodiments, if it is necessary to heat the solar cell pack 1, the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 can also be arranged facing the first heat conducting member 21, and the cold ends are arranged away from the first heat conducting member 21.

[0203] In some embodiments, the battery test system 200 further includes a heat dissipation member 3 made of an insulating material, and the heat dissipation member 3 is connected to the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222.

[0204] Since the battery test system 200 includes the heat dissipation member 3 connected to the hot end, as a result, the speed of heat discharge from the hot end can be accelerated, thereby making the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end smaller, which is beneficial for the cold end to continuously and quickly absorb the heat conducted from the solar cell pack 1 to the first heat conducting member 21.

[0205] In some embodiments, the battery test system 200 further includes at least one air flow generating member 4, and the air flow generating member 4 is arranged on the side where the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 are located.

[0206] As a result, the heat discharge from the hot ends of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 can be further accelerated by means of heat convection, maintaining a small temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, and making the heat dissipation efficiency of the first thermoelectric element 221 and / or the second thermoelectric element 222 better.

[0207] In some embodiments, the first thermoelectric element includes an N-type semiconductor, and the second thermoelectric element includes a P-type semiconductor.

[0208] Semiconductor materials have a large thermoelectric effect. As a result, the thermoelectric elements made of semiconductor materials can better dissipate heat or heat up the solar cell pack 1, thereby maintaining the temperature of the entire battery test system 200 constant, enabling the solar cell pack 1 to be tested at the target temperature, and the test accuracy is higher.

[0209] Those skilled in the art should understand that the temperature control devices 2, heat dissipation members 3, air flow generating members 4, etc. in the embodiments of the second aspect are basically the same in structure and beneficial effects as those in the embodiments of the first aspect, so they are not described in detail.

[0210] The third aspect of the present application further provides a power generation device, which includes the photovoltaic module 100 described in the first aspect above.

[0211] Thereby, it is possible to provide a power generation device equipped with the photovoltaic module 100 with constant temperature, stable performance, high photoelectric conversion rate and long service life, improving the power generation amount of the power generation device and the reliability of use of the power generation device.

[0212] Exemplarily, the power generation device includes but is not limited to a solar photovoltaic generator.

[0213] The fourth aspect of the present application further provides an electrical device, which includes the photovoltaic module 100 described in the first aspect above.

[0214] Thereby, it is possible to provide an electrical device equipped with the photovoltaic module 100 with constant temperature, stable performance, high photoelectric conversion rate and long service life, so as to better supply power to the electrical device and improve the reliability of use of the electrical device.

[0215] Exemplarily, the electrical device includes but is not limited to lighting equipment, energy storage equipment, solar water heaters, etc.

[0216] Next, specific examples of some embodiments of the present application will be described in conjunction with the drawings.

[0217] The photovoltaic module 100 includes a perovskite solar cell (solar cell group 1) and a temperature control device 2. The perovskite solar cell continuously generates heat under light and conducts heat through contact between the incident light side glass and the metal sheet (first heat conducting member 21). The temperature control device 2 includes an N-type semiconductor (first thermoelectric element 221) and a P-type semiconductor (second thermoelectric element 222). By applying the thermoelectric Peltier effect and an external electric field (closed loop 10), carriers conduct heat from the cold end to the hot end of the system, forming the effect of a heat pump, and further accelerating the cooling through heat radiation and heat convection. At the same time, the voltage is adjusted according to the temperature feedback to maintain a constant temperature effect at the target temperature.

[0218] The temperature control device 2 includes a fan (airflow generating member 4) integrated below the perovskite solar cell, which diffuses and transmits the heat radiated by the heat dissipation material (heat dissipation member 3) to the air through heat convection. The temperature control device 2 also includes a metal sheet (first heat conducting member 21), which is used for heat and electrical conduction and conducts heat from the perovskite cell to the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor. The temperature control device 2 also includes a heat dissipation material (heat dissipation member 3) for heat radiation at the heating end (hot end) of the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor, which is used to radiate the heat transmitted from the cooling end (cold end) to the air, thereby cooling the system.

[0219] As a specific example, the N-type semiconductor is N-type silicon, the P-type semiconductor is P-type silicon, the metal sheet is a copper sheet, the heat dissipation material is a ceramic plate, the perovskite solar cell has a small device size of 2×2 cm (centimeters), and through an externally applied voltage and a temperature sensor 5, under the illumination test conditions, the temperature of the perovskite solar cell is stably controlled at 15°C.

[0220] As another specific example, the N-type semiconductor is N-type silicon, the P-type semiconductor is P-type silicon, the metal sheet is a copper sheet, the heat dissipation material is a ceramic plate, the perovskite solar cell has a module size of 30×40 cm (centimeters). In addition to the externally output power, the perovskite solar cell also provides the externally applied voltage required by the temperature control device 2 itself. Through the feedback of the temperature sensor 5 and the load regulation component (variable resistor 102), under the illumination test conditions, the temperature of the perovskite solar cell is stably controlled at 15°C.

[0221] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: At least one solar cell bank, the solar cell bank including at least one solar cell; and At least one temperature control device, including a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group; Wherein, the first heat conducting member is insulated and connected to the solar cell bank, the thermoelectric element group includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element arranged at intervals, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein The first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element of each temperature control device are both connected to the first heat conducting member; The first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element of each temperature control device are located on the same side of the solar cell bank, or the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element of each temperature control device are located on different sides of the solar cell bank.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein The first heat conducting member is electrically connected to the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein The first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element include opposite cold ends and hot ends. When the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member, the cold end is arranged facing the first heat conducting member, and the hot end is arranged away from the first heat conducting member.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein The photovoltaic module further includes a heat dissipation member made of an insulating material, and the heat dissipation member is connected to the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, wherein The temperature control device further includes a second heat conducting member, and the second heat conducting member is located between the heat dissipation member and the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein The photovoltaic module further includes at least one air flow generating member, and the air flow generating member is arranged on the side where the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is located.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The closed loop further includes a power supply module and a variable resistor, and the variable resistor is located between the power supply module and the first thermoelectric element, or the variable resistor is located between the power supply module and the second thermoelectric element.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein The temperature control device further includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is arranged on the first heat conducting member, and the temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the first heat conducting member.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein The power supply module is an external power supply; or The power supply module is the solar cell bank.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The first thermoelectric element includes an N-type semiconductor, and the second thermoelectric element includes a P-type semiconductor.

12. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of the temperature control devices is plural, and the plural temperature control devices are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the solar cell group.

13. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of the solar cell groups is plural, and at least one of the temperature control devices is arranged between adjacent solar cell groups.

14. A battery testing system for testing a solar cell battery pack, characterized in that, The battery test system includes: a test device, wherein the solar cell group is located inside the test device; and at least one temperature control device, arranged on the outer periphery of the test device, the temperature control device includes a first heat conducting member and a thermoelectric element group, the first heat conducting member is insulated and connected to the solar cell group, the thermoelectric element group includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element arranged at intervals, the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are electrically connected to each other to form a closed loop, and at least one of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member.

15. The battery test system according to claim 14, characterized in that both the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are connected to the first heat conducting member; the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are located on the same side of the test device, or the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are located on different sides of the test device.

16. The battery test system according to claim 15, characterized in that the test device includes a box body, an accommodation space is formed inside the box body, the solar cell group is located in the accommodation space, one side of the box body along a first direction has an opening, and the first heat conducting member covers the opening; the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element are respectively located on two sides of the box body along a second direction; wherein, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

17. The battery test system according to claim 14, characterized in that the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element include a cold end and a hot end which are arranged oppositely, and when the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is connected to the first heat conducting member, the cold end is arranged towards the first heat conducting member, and the hot end is arranged away from the first heat conducting member.

18. The battery test system according to claim 17, characterized in that the battery test system further includes a heat dissipation member made of an insulating material, and the heat dissipation member is connected to the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element.

19. The battery test system according to claim 17, characterized in that the battery test system further includes at least one air flow generating member, and the air flow generating member is arranged on the side where the hot end of the first thermoelectric element and / or the second thermoelectric element is located.

20. The battery test system according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the first thermoelectric element includes an N-type semiconductor, and the second thermoelectric element includes a P-type semiconductor.

21. A power generation device, characterized in that, The power generation device includes: The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

22. An electrical device, characterized in that, The power consumption device includes: The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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