Virtual-real combined Frank-Hertz comprehensive experiment instrument

Abstract

The utility model relates to a false-true combined Frank-Hertz comprehensive experiment instrument. Comprising an STM32F103VET6 single chip microcomputer main control board, a W25Q64-FLASH chip, a filament voltage display nixie tube, a filament voltage key module, a VG1K display nixie tube, a VG1K key module, a VG2K display nixie tube, a VG2K key module, a board-level current display nixie tube, a gas type display screen, a voltage regulation encoder, a gas type selection encoder and the like. The device can be used for simulating the change relation between the second grid voltage and the plate-level current when the Frank-Hertz tube is filled with different gases, can display an experimental curve on an oscilloscope integrated with an instrument, and can also be connected to a computer to display an experimental curve image through upper computer software. The Frank-Hertz experiment of various gases, including conventional argon and mercury vapor as well as unconventional sodium vapor and nitrogen, is completed by using a single experiment device. And a program can be modified subsequently to add experimental data of more gases. The experiment steps are simple and easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental instruments, in particular to a virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument. Background Art

[0002] The Franck-Hertz experiment is a key experiment in physics and electronics. It studies the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules and verifies that electrons in atoms and molecules exist at discrete energy levels. A traditional Franck-Hertz experimental setup typically consists of a gas discharge tube, a voltage source, a detection source, and corresponding electronic equipment. However, over time, fewer and fewer manufacturers produce this core component, the gas discharge tube, making subsequent experiments more difficult. Therefore, we need to find a replacement for this gas discharge tube to continue the experiment. It should also be emphasized that we have not yet seen any reports of research using a virtual-real approach to Franck-Hertz experimental setups. Based on the above research status, the present invention proposes a design for a Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument that combines virtual and real elements. This instrument can be used to simulate and study the relationship between the second gate voltage and plate current in a gas discharge tube filled with different gases. This curve can be displayed as a waveform on an oscilloscope or in host computer software. Utility Model Content

[0003] In response to the increasing shortage of gas discharge tubes, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a virtual-real Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument, which uses a circuit based on a single-chip microcomputer and a memory chip to replace various real gas discharge tubes to study and demonstrate the relationship between the second grid voltage and the plate current mentioned in the above background technology. This experimental instrument can display the curve in the form of a waveform on an oscilloscope and can also display the curve in the host computer software.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A virtual-real Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental apparatus, comprising:

[0006] STM32F103VET6 MCU main control board, used to control other modules and read data;

[0007] The W25Q64-FLASH chip is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to store experimental data of different gases in the experiment;

[0008] The filament voltage display digital tube is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the filament voltage value;

[0009] The filament voltage button module is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to set the filament voltage;

[0010] VG1K display digital tube, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the VG1K value;

[0011] VG1K key module, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to set VG1K;

[0012] VG2A display digital tube, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the VG2A value;

[0013] VG2A button module, connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board, used to set VG2A;

[0014] VG2K display digital tube, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the VG2K value;

[0015] VG2K key module, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to set VG2K;

[0016] The board-level current display digital tube is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the board-level current;

[0017] Gas type display screen, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to display the gas type used in the experiment;

[0018] Voltage adjustment encoder, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to adjust and set voltage parameters;

[0019] The gas type selection encoder is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to select the gas type used.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a USB power supply output interface, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board and is used to power the device and connect to the computer end.

[0021] As a further technical solution of the present invention, it also includes an oscilloscope output interface, which can be connected to an external oscilloscope for outputting experimental data.

[0022] As a further technical solution of the present invention, it also includes an oscilloscope display panel, whose internal interface is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board, and the external power supply interface is connected to an external power supply for power supply.

[0023] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the voltage regulating encoder is also used to achieve device reset and restart.

[0024] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the gas type selection encoder changes the gas displayed on the gas type display screen by rotating adjustment, and changes the gas type data selected by the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board.

[0025] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the comprehensive experimental instrument changes the gas type selected in the experiment by rotating the gas type selection encoder to conduct experiments on different gases, thereby enabling a single instrument to complete Franck-Hertz experiments on multiple gases.

[0026] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the USB power supply output interface in the comprehensive experimental instrument is connected to the computer end, and the experimental images and experimental data are displayed in real time through the host computer software.

[0027] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the W25Q64-FLASH chip is a flash memory storage chip that adopts non-volatile storage technology.

[0028] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board has a total of 64 pins, divided into PA, PB, PC, and PD, with 16 pins in each group, and the I / O port has the function of external interrupt and timer / counter.

[0029] The comprehensive experimental instrument can be used to carry out the Franck-Hertz experiment, a classic university physics experiment.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can conduct experiments on different gases through a single instrument, is simple and easy to operate, and can display data curves through processing by software designed on the computer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The utility model provides a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a virtual and real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument.

[0032] Figure 2 This is the pin diagram of the microcontroller of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the W25Q64-FLASH chip module of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is the schematic diagram of the EC11 rotary encoder module of the present utility model.

[0035] Notes on the accompanying figures: 1-STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board, 2-filament voltage display digital tube, 3-VG1K display digital tube, 4-VG2A display digital tube, 5-VG2K display digital tube, 6-board-level current display digital tube, 7-filament voltage key module, 8-VG1K key module, 9-VG2A key module, 10-VG2K key module, 11-voltage adjustment encoder, 12-gas type display screen, 13-gas type selection encoder, 14-W25Q64-FLASH chip, 15-USB power supply output interface, 16-oscilloscope display panel, 17-oscilloscope output interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of this patent is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument, comprising:

[0038] STM32F103VET6 MCU main control board 1, used to control other modules and read data;

[0039] A W25Q64-FLASH chip 14 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and is used to store experimental data of different gases in the experiment;

[0040] The filament voltage display digital tube 2 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and is used to display the filament voltage value;

[0041] The filament voltage button module 7 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board 1 and is used to set the filament voltage;

[0042] VG1K display digital tube 3, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board 1 and is used to display the VG1K value;

[0043] VG1K button module 8, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board 1 and is used to set VG1K;

[0044] VG2A display digital tube 4, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and is used to display the VG2A value;

[0045] VG2A button module 9 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board 1 and is used to set VG2A;

[0046] VG2K display digital tube 5, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and is used to display the VG2K value;

[0047] The VG2K key module 10 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board 1 and is used to set VG2K;

[0048] A board-level current display digital tube 6 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and is used to display the board-level current;

[0049] A gas type display screen 12 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board 1 and is used to display the gas type used in the experiment;

[0050] A voltage regulating encoder 11 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board 1 and is used to adjust and set voltage parameters;

[0051] The gas type selection encoder 13 is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board 1 and is used to select the gas type used;

[0052] USB power output interface 15, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and is used to power the device and connect to the computer;

[0053] The oscilloscope display panel 16 has an internal interface connected to the STM32F103VET6 single-chip computer main control board 1 and an external power supply interface connected to an external power supply for power supply;

[0054] The oscilloscope output interface 17 can be connected to an external oscilloscope to output experimental data.

[0055] Specifically, the STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board 1 is used as the main control chip, which is equipped with a 32-bit ARMCortex-M3 core. The control chip has built-in multiple general-purpose timers, serial communication interfaces UART, SPI, I2C, analog input and output ADC, DAC and other peripherals, which can well meet the needs of adjusting the input parameters of the new experimental instrument and converting digital signals into analog signals for display on the oscilloscope. The controller also has a Watchdog function, which can automatically restart in the event of program abnormality or lockup, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system. The microcontroller also supports multiple communication protocols, including SPI, I2C, USART, etc., which can meet the needs of the new experimental instrument for communication with the host computer and data transmission of the W25Q64 chip;

[0056] See also Figure 2,STM32F103VET6 single-chip microcomputer main control board 1 has a total of 64 pins, divided into PA, PB, PC, PD, each group of 16 pins, and the I / O port has multiple functions, which can be used as external interrupts, timers / counters, etc.;

[0057] Specifically, the PA4 and PA5 pins have a DAC multiplexing function that can convert digital signals into analog signals. In the present invention, the PA4 and PA5 pins are connected to the corresponding wiring of the oscilloscope display panel 16 and the oscilloscope output interface 17 respectively. Both the PA4 and PA5 pins are used as DAC outputs. The oscilloscope display panel 16 is a small oscilloscope that can directly convert data into waveform output. The oscilloscope output interface 17 can be connected to an external oscilloscope to display data.

[0058] The filament voltage display digital tube 2, VG1K display digital tube 3, VG2A display digital tube 4, VG2K display digital tube 5, and board-level current display digital tube 6 are all digital tubes driven by 74HC595 chips, and each digit is driven by a 74HC595 chip separately;

[0059] Specifically, the filament voltage display digital tube 2, the VG1K display digital tube 3, and the VG2A display digital tube 4 are all identical 3-digit digital tubes, and the board-level current display digital tube 6 is a 4-digit digital tube. The chips used in these digital tubes are all 74HC595, which are controlled by the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller. The characteristic is that they only need to occupy three IO ports of the microcontroller to drive, and scanning and display do not require the intervention of the microcontroller, only needing to read and write related registers and send display data;

[0060] The filament voltage key module 7, VG1K key module 8, VG2A key module 9, and VG2K key module 10 are all independent key modules that can directly use the corresponding pins of the microcontroller. When connecting, one end is directly connected to the ground, and the other end is directly connected to the IO port of the microcontroller to be controlled. When the key is pressed, the microcontroller will instantly change from a low level to a high level to achieve different functions;

[0061] W25Q64-FLASH chip 14 module see Figure 3 The W25Q64-FLASH is a flash memory chip that uses non-volatile memory technology. It consists of several memory cells, each of which can store a binary bit, 0 or 1. Data is stored in pages, with each page containing several bytes. When reading, the chip reads data page by page. Erase and write operations are performed in sectors, first erasing the entire sector, and then writing new data. This storage principle enables high-speed and reliable data storage.

[0062] In this embodiment, the voltage regulating encoder 11 can be pressed to reset and restart the entire device.

[0063] In this embodiment, the gas type selection encoder 13 is rotated to change the gas displayed on the gas type display screen 12 and changes the gas type data selected by the STM32F103VET6 single chip microcomputer main control board 1 .

[0064] In this embodiment, the comprehensive experimental instrument changes the gas type selected in the experiment by rotating the gas type selection encoder 13 to perform experiments with different gases, thereby enabling a single instrument to complete Franck-Hertz experiments on multiple gases.

[0065] In this embodiment, the USB power output interface 15 in the comprehensive experimental instrument is connected to a computer terminal, and the experimental images and experimental data are displayed in real time through the host computer software.

[0066] The voltage adjustment encoder 11 and the gas type selection encoder 13 are both Figure 4 The EC11 encoder module shown;

[0067] Specifically, the EC11 encoder module is connected to the IO port of the microcontroller with a timer function, where Figure 4 S1 and S2 in the figure are connected to channel 1 and channel 2 of the timer respectively. The phase difference between S1 and S2 is obtained by rotating the rotary encoder, and then counting is performed. The rotation direction is also obtained by the different phase differences between forward and reverse rotation.

[0068] Working steps and principle: Before the experiment, press the voltage adjustment encoder to reset, then rotate the gas type selection encoder to select the gas to be used in the experiment. Next, press the filament voltage button and rotate the filament voltage adjustment encoder to adjust the filament voltage parameter, which is displayed on the corresponding digital tube. Press the VG1K button and rotate the VG1K voltage adjustment encoder to adjust the VG1K parameter, which is displayed on the corresponding digital tube. Press the VG2A button and rotate the VG2A voltage adjustment encoder to adjust the VG2A parameter, which is displayed on the corresponding digital tube. Finally, press the VG2K button and rotate the VG2K voltage adjustment encoder to adjust the VG2K parameter, which is displayed on the corresponding digital tube. After that, you can observe the changes in the data on the "board current" display digital tube and the waveform changes on the oscilloscope display panel. In addition, the USB power input port can be connected to a computer, and the data and relationship curve of the second gate voltage and board current can be displayed in the computer-designed software.

[0069] This innovative Franck-Hertz integrated experimental instrument combines virtual and real-world features: after each experiment, the voltage adjustment encoder can be pressed again to reset the instrument, and the gas type selection encoder can be rotated to select the gas for the next experiment. The instrument is simple to use, and the experimental procedures are similar to those of commercially available Franck-Hertz instruments. Secondary grid voltage and plate-level current data can be processed by host computer software, with real-time display of the data and relationship curves.

[0070] The utility model can be used as a teaching instrument for physics experiments in colleges, universities, technical secondary schools and high schools, and is used to study the relationship between the second grid voltage and the plate current when the gas discharge tube is filled with different gases, as well as the waveform display of the oscilloscope.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0072] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument, characterized in that: include: STM32F103VET6 MCU main control board, used to control other modules and read data; The W25Q64-FLASH chip is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to store experimental data of different gases in the experiment; The filament voltage display digital tube is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the filament voltage value; The filament voltage button module is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to set the filament voltage; VG1K display digital tube, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the VG1K value; VG1K key module, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to set VG1K; VG2A display digital tube, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the VG2A value; VG2A button module, connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board, used to set VG2A; VG2K display digital tube, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the VG2K value; VG2K key module, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to set VG2K; The board-level current display digital tube is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the board-level current; The gas type display screen is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board to display the gas type used in the experiment; Voltage adjustment encoder, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to adjust and set voltage parameters; The gas type selection encoder is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board and is used to select the gas type used.

2. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a USB power output interface, which is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board for powering the device and connecting to the computer.

3. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an oscilloscope output interface, which can be connected to an external oscilloscope to output experimental data.

4. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an oscilloscope display panel, whose internal interface is connected to the STM32F103VET6 microcontroller main control board, and the external power supply interface is connected to an external power supply for power supply.

5. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage regulation encoder is also used to achieve device reset and restart.

6. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas type selection encoder is rotated to adjust and change the gas displayed on the gas type display screen (12), and changes the gas type data selected by the STM32F103VET6 single chip microcomputer main control board.

7. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comprehensive experiment instrument performs experiments with different gases by rotating a gas type selection encoder to change the gas type selected in the experiment.

8. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The USB power supply output interface in the comprehensive experimental instrument is connected to the computer terminal, and the experimental images and experimental data are displayed in real time through the host computer software.

9. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The W25Q64-FLASH chip is a flash memory storage chip that uses non-volatile storage technology.

10. The virtual-real combined Franck-Hertz comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The STM32F103VET6 MCU main control board has a total of 64 pins, divided into PA, PB, PC, and PD, with 16 pins in each group, and the I / O port has the function of external interrupt and timer / counter.

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