Measuring device for axle parameters

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of axle size measuring equipment for railway wagons, in particular to a measuring device for axle parameters, which comprises a feeding and discharging frame for conveying a plurality of axles. The feeding and discharging frame is connected with a steering assembly rotating according to a set angle, a detection integrated block for detecting the diameter of a multi-step shaft body at one end of an axle is used in cooperation with a robot, and the detection integrated block is provided with a plurality of sets of measuring assemblies and an angle sensor for detecting the course angle between a measuring face and the central axis of the axle. Each measuring assembly comprises a linear rail and a plurality of sliding blocks connected to the linear rail in a sliding mode, and the sliding blocks are connected with contact assemblies located on the same horizontal line and used for measuring the diameter of the axle respectively. According to the utility model, the measurement error can be reduced, the diameter measurement of each section of the step shaft is more accurate, and the target measurement accuracy requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of axle size measuring equipment for railway freight cars, in particular to a measuring device for axle parameters. Background Art

[0002] Railway freight cars are the main equipment used for long-distance transportation of large quantities of goods. The axle on a railway freight car is a cylindrical object that passes through the middle of bearings, wheels or gears. It is generally a metal rod, and each section can have different diameters. It is used to support and transmit power to ensure the normal operation of the train.

[0003] Axle dimension measurement is an essential manufacturing step in the axle processing field. Through testing, it can be found whether the final product size of the axle meets the assembly requirements. Figure 10 As shown, from one end of the axle to the midpoint, there are four parts: the axle diameter, the dust plate seat, the wheel seat, and the axle body. The axle structure is symmetrical. The dimensions of each part of the axle are: the journal size is The diameter of the dust plate seat is Wheel seat diameter The shaft diameter is When measuring axle parameters, the minimum tolerance required is 0.025mm, which is a high-precision measurement.

[0004] The measurement requirements for axle products are as follows: Three values must be taken from each of three different cross-sections at the axle diameter and wheel seat locations, each at an angle of 120° to each other. Nine values must be measured for each of the axle diameter and wheel seat locations, and the average value must be calculated after determining if the values are out of tolerance. For the dust shield seat location, two values must be taken from each location at an angle of 90° to each other, and the average value must be calculated after determining if the values are out of tolerance.

[0005] Achieving these measurement requirements requires rotating axles or rotating measuring devices. Railway freight cars typically have four axles per car. According to the production line's design capacity, the axle inspection cycle should be ≤8 minutes per unit. Traditional testing equipment also has extremely stringent environmental requirements, requiring no vibration. Any disturbance requires recalibration, requiring the equipment to be re-calibrated according to the same procedures.

[0006] Furthermore, research into emerging measurement technologies has revealed that non-contact optical inspection methods offer high-precision and efficient measurement. Flash testers are a representative example of this type of testing equipment. However, testing of these flash testers revealed a field of view of approximately 120mm, which falls short of measurement requirements. Even with the use of high-precision flash tester image stitching technology, the measurement accuracy remains at ±4μm, failing to achieve accuracy within 3μm. This measurement error is significantly greater than the product tolerance for axles, and the constant temperature requirement for on-site use makes it unsuitable for use in locations where these conditions are unavailable. Utility Model Content

[0007] The utility model aims to provide a device for measuring axle parameters, so as to solve the problem that existing measuring equipment cannot meet the measurement accuracy requirement.

[0008] The device for measuring axle parameters in this solution includes an infeed and outfeed rack for conveying a plurality of axles;

[0009] The feed and discharge rack is connected to a steering assembly that rotates according to a set angle, and the steering assembly is connected to a detection integrated block that simultaneously detects the diameters of the multi-step shaft at one end of the axle. The detection integrated block is provided with multiple groups of measuring assemblies and angle sensors that detect the heading angle between the measuring surface and the central axis of the axle. The measuring assemblies include a linear rail and several sliders slidably connected to the linear rail, and the sliders are respectively connected to contact assemblies located on the same horizontal line for measuring the diameter of the axle.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this program are:

[0011] By setting up the detection integrated block, the different diameters of multiple sections of the stepped shaft can be measured simultaneously. When it is necessary to perform repeated measurements on each section of the stepped shaft with different diameters, the measurement efficiency can be improved. The angle sensor on the detection integrated block can accurately know the heading angle between the measuring surface of the contact assembly and the center axis of the axle to ensure that the two are perpendicular, reduce measurement errors, and make the diameter measurement of each section of the stepped shaft more accurate, meeting the target measurement accuracy requirements.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle sensor is located between adjacent measuring components where the distance between them is the largest. Three groups of measuring components are provided, two sliders are provided, a herringbone bracket is fixed on the slider, and the contact assembly is fixed on the top of the bracket.

[0013] The beneficial effect is that the arrangement of the various components can facilitate the movement of the contact assembly and the measurement operation.

[0014] Furthermore, a slider on the same linear rail is provided with a measuring cylinder for bringing the two contact assemblies closer together, an oil pressure buffer is provided between the sliders on the linear rail, and the ends of the two contact assemblies contacting the axle are narrow flat long contacts.

[0015] The beneficial effects are: the approach of the two contact assemblies on the same linear rail is driven by a measuring cylinder, and an oil pressure buffer is provided for buffering, which can avoid the impact on the axle when the two contacts close quickly, thereby causing damage to the axle surface; in addition, the long contact with a narrow plane can ensure that the two contacts contact a diameter section, and at the same time eliminate the diameter measurement error caused by the positioning deviation of the two contacts in the radial direction.

[0016] Furthermore, the oil pressure buffer is provided with a buffer mounting seat, which is Ω-shaped. The buffer mounting seat is inverted and arranged on the same linear rail and located between two sliders. A vertical plate for installing the oil pressure buffer is integrally formed on the top surface of the buffer mounting seat, and two through holes are provided on the vertical plate.

[0017] The beneficial effect is that, by setting the buffer mounting seat, the two sliders on the same linear rail can be brought closer to each other more accurately and stably, thereby reducing the vibration of the contact assembly caused by the impact force.

[0018] Furthermore, the contact assembly includes a displacement sensor provided at one side of the same linear rail, a contact stopper matched in pair with the displacement sensor fixedly provided at one side of the linear rail, and the contact stopper is arranged adjacent to the buffer mounting seat.

[0019] The beneficial effect is that the coordinated arrangement of the displacement sensor and the contact block can facilitate the buffering of pressure when contacting the axle, so as to perform accurate measurement.

[0020] Furthermore, the surface of the feed and unload rack is tilted at a preset angle, and the feed and unload rack is provided with a work station paddle assembly for limiting the axle, and a jacking assembly is provided on one side of the interior of the feed and unload rack, and the jacking assembly and the work station paddle assembly are located on the same axis, and centering mechanisms for centering the axle are provided on both sides of the jacking assembly, and the centering mechanisms are located on the outside of the feed and unload rack.

[0021] The beneficial effect is that the inclination setting of the feed and unload rack itself allows the axle to be fed without the use of additional power, and the work station paddle assembly limits the axle, allowing the jacking assembly to lift the axle upward for subsequent centering and then measure the diameter. The structure is simple and the structural cost is lower.

[0022] Furthermore, a recessed section is provided on the feed and discharge rack, and the workstation paddle assembly includes a paddle hinged on the side wall of the feed and discharge rack, and a fan-shaped paddle opening is provided on the paddle, and the angle of the paddle opening is 120°-150°, and the opening wall facing the feed side is flush with the lower part of the recessed section.

[0023] The beneficial effect is that, by setting the workstation paddle assembly and the recessed section, the axle can be automatically limited without adapting to additional power, so that subsequent lifting and centering operations on a single axle are facilitated.

[0024] Furthermore, the jacking assembly includes two jacking cylinders, the output shafts of the jacking cylinders face upward, and a jacking plate is fixed on the output shafts of the jacking cylinders. A jacking bar for limiting the axle is fixed between the jacking plates.

[0025] The beneficial effect is that the specific setting of the jacking assembly can lift the axle to a precise position to facilitate subsequent measurement work.

[0026] Furthermore, the centering mechanism includes a centering frame located on both sides of the jacking assembly and a centering part located on the centering frame, the centering part includes a slide rail fixed on the centering frame, a centering block is slidably connected to the slide rail, a centering cylinder is provided on the opposite side of the centering block, and a top head that can be inserted into the center hole of the axle for centering is fixed on the side wall opposite to the centering block.

[0027] The beneficial effect is that the axle is centered by the centering mechanism, thereby preventing the subsequent axle full length and axle shoulder distance measuring head from interfering with the axle due to axle deviation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view of a detection integrated block in an embodiment of the device for measuring axle parameters of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the contact position between the contact assembly and the axle in an embodiment of the axle parameter measuring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a front view of the inlet and outlet rack of the embodiment of the axle parameter measuring device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a front view of the centering mechanism in an embodiment of the device for measuring axle parameters of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a front view of a bottom plate for detecting the installation of an integrated block in an embodiment of the axle parameter measuring device of the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 6This is a bottom view of a bottom plate for detecting the installation of an integrated block in an embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer mounting seat of an oil pressure buffer in an embodiment of the device for measuring axle parameters of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a detailed installation diagram of the detection integrated block in the embodiment of the device for measuring axle parameters of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the state of an axle during detection in an embodiment of the device for measuring axle parameters of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the existing axle structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following is further explained in detail through specific implementation methods.

[0039] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: detection integrated block 1, contact assembly 2, bracket 3, measuring cylinder 4, oil pressure buffer 5, angle sensor 6, axle 7, feed and discharge rack 8, centering cylinder 9, centering block 10, top head 11, lifting cylinder 12, slider connecting seat 13, position sensor 14, displacement sensor 15, buffer mounting seat 16, contact stopper 17, paddle 18, manipulator 19, top plate 20.

[0040] Example

[0041] Measuring devices for axle parameters, such as Figure 2 As shown, the in-and-out rack 8 for transporting multiple axles 7 is a rectangular frame structure. For example, the in-and-out rack 8 includes a rectangular top frame with multiple support legs welded to the side walls below the top frame. The surface of the in-and-out rack 8 is tilted at a preset angle of 5° to allow the axles 7 to roll under their own weight without rolling too fast and causing damage.

[0042] A recessed section is formed on the feed-in / out rack 8, and the specific position of the recessed section is set according to actual needs. For example, the recessed section is located at the position where the measurement-related equipment is set. The recessed section is arc-shaped, and the maximum depth of the recessed section is one-quarter of the diameter of the axle 7, to prevent the axle 7 from rolling directly from one end of the feed-in / out rack 8 to the other end and being unable to stay on the feed-in / out rack 8. A station paddle assembly for limiting the position of the axle 7 is installed on the feed-in / out rack 8. The station paddle assembly includes a paddle 18 hinged on the side wall of the feed-in / out rack 8. The paddle 18 is a circular piece with a fan-shaped opening on the paddle 18. The angle of the opening is 120°-150°, and the wall of the opening facing the feed side is flush with the lower part of the recessed section.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the feeding and discharging rack 8 is connected to a steering assembly that rotates according to a set angle. The set angle is the steering angle when the step shafts at both ends of the axle 7 are to be measured. For example, the detection integrated block 1 rotates around the axle 7 by 30°, 90°, 120°, etc. The specific rotation time and rotation angle are preset according to the actual processing requirements. The steering assembly is connected to a detection integrated block 1 that simultaneously detects the diameter of the multi-step shaft body at one end of the axle 7. The detection integrated block 1 is installed as shown. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The bottom plate shown is provided with corresponding holes and hole locations according to the components to be installed on the detection manifold 1. The holes are screw holes, threaded holes, etc., and the specific structure is not detailed here. The detection manifold 1 is equipped with multiple sets of measurement components and angle sensors 6 for detecting the heading angle between the measurement surface and the central axis of the axle 7. The angle sensors 6 are existing products, such as ABSOLUTE angle sensors 6. Three sets of measurement components are provided, and the angle sensors 6 are located between adjacent measurement components at the maximum spacing. A slider connector 13 is welded to the bottom of the slider, and a herringbone bracket 3 is welded to the slider connector 13.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, the measuring components include a linear rail and a number of sliders slidably connected to the linear rail. Two sliders are set on each linear rail. The sliders are respectively connected with contact assemblies 2 located on the same horizontal line for measuring the diameter of the axle 7. The contact assemblies 2 are welded to the top of the bracket 3. A measuring cylinder 4 for bringing the two contact assemblies 2 close to each other is installed on a slider on the same linear rail. The measuring cylinder 4 is fixedly installed by screws and gaskets. The measuring cylinder 4 is an existing product selected according to actual needs. A position sensor 14 is fixedly installed on the measuring cylinder 4. The position sensor 14 is used to detect the position information of the slider when the measuring cylinder 4 drives the slider to move, so as to accurately control the moving position of the slider; an oil pressure buffer 5 is installed between the two sliders on the same linear rail; as shown Figure 7 As shown, the oil pressure buffer 5 is equipped with a buffer mounting seat 16, which is Ω-shaped. The buffer mounting seat 16 is inverted and arranged on the same linear rail and is located between the two sliders. A vertical plate for mounting the oil pressure buffer 5 is integrally formed on the top surface of the buffer mounting seat 16, and two through holes are provided on the vertical plate for mounting the oil pressure buffer 5.

[0045] like Figure 2As shown, both contact assemblies 2 include contacts with narrow, flat, and long contacts at the ends that contact the axle 7. These contacts, i.e., have elongated, narrow contact surfaces and are narrow in width, and are connected to the base of the contact assembly 2 via a detection head spring. The contact assembly 2 also includes a displacement sensor 15 mounted on one side of the same linear track. This displacement sensor 15 is a conventional contact-type displacement sensor 15 that converts the displacement distance of the displacement sensor 15 probe into a diameter. A contact stop 17 is welded to one side of the linear track. The contact stop 17 is paired with the displacement sensor 15 and located at opposing positions on one side of the linear track. The contact stop 17 is positioned adjacent to the buffer mounting seat 16. During measurement, the robot's mechanical arm secures the measuring assembly into a pre-adjusted position, and the measuring cylinder 4 draws the left and right contact assemblies 2 closer together. As the contact assembly 2 approaches the surface of the axle 7, the slider connector 13 at the bottom contacts the hydraulic buffer 5, providing a buffering effect. The same applies to the other side.

[0046] A jacking assembly is installed on one side of the inner part of the feed and discharge rack 8. The jacking assembly and the workstation paddle assembly are located on the same axis. The jacking assembly includes two jacking cylinders 12. The jacking cylinders 12 select existing products according to actual needs. The output shafts of the jacking cylinders 12 face upward. Top plates 20 are welded on the output shafts of the jacking cylinders 12. Top strips for limiting the axle 7 are fixed between the top plates 20 by screws, and the contact surface of the top strips contacting the axle 7 is an arc surface.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, a centering mechanism for centering the axle 7 is installed on both sides of the jacking assembly, and the centering mechanism is located on the outer side of the feed and discharge rack 8. The centering mechanism includes a centering frame located on both sides of the jacking assembly and a centering part located on the centering frame. The centering part includes a slide rail welded on the centering frame, and a centering block 10 is slidably connected to the slide rail. A centering cylinder 9 is installed on the opposite side of the centering block 10, and a top head 11 that can be inserted into the center hole of the axle 7 for centering is welded on the side wall opposite to the centering block 10.

[0048] A gantry is installed above the feed and discharge rack 8. The gantry is located on the side of the centering mechanism facing the discharge. The steering assembly is installed on the gantry by tools such as screws and nuts. The steering assembly is a manipulator 19. The manipulator 19 adopts the existing structure and will not be repeated here. The detection integrated block 1 is set on the steering assembly, that is, the detection integrated block 1 is invertedly installed on the manipulator 19 by accessories such as screws and nuts.

[0049] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0050] like Figure 9As shown, during use, after the axle 7 is placed at one end of the feed and discharge rack 8, the axle 7 rolls under its own weight due to the slope of the upper surface of the feed and discharge rack 8, eventually rolling to the inspection station, where it is limited by the paddle 18. The lifting cylinder 12 of the lifting assembly then lifts the axle 7 into position, which is achieved by setting the lifting distance. Finally, the centering cylinder 9 of the centering mechanism pushes the centering block 10 together, allowing the top head 11 on the centering block 10 to insert into the center hole of the axle 7 for centering and maintaining the axle 7 in the correct position.

[0051] When inspecting the multiple diameters of the stepped shaft of the axle 7, the manipulator 19 moves the inspection integrated block 1 to the workpiece inspection position. At this time, the corresponding inspection head is driven by the pneumatic device to clamp the workpiece, and the inspection head spring in the contact assembly 2 is compressed to start the inspection. After the inspection, the pneumatic device drives the inspection head back to its original position, and the manipulator 19 rotates the set angle. The inspection head is clamped again for the second inspection, and the above action is repeated for the third inspection. Then the manipulator 19 moves right to the second inspection position and repeats the above inspection again (the dust plate seat position is no longer inspected after the manipulator 19 moves right) until the inspection of one end of the axle 7 is completed, and the manipulator 19 moves back to the other end of the axle 7 for inspection (before the inspection, the manipulator 19 drives the inspection integrated block 1 to rotate 180°).

[0052] The solution of this embodiment can quickly measure the dimensions of three stepped shafts simultaneously. When repeated measurements are performed on each stepped shaft of different diameters, measurement efficiency is improved, and the measurement time for each value is controlled within a certain time, achieving a repeated measurement accuracy of 0.002mm and a measurement precision of 0.003mm. The measuring device is precise and stable.

[0053] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the commonly known specific structures and characteristics of the scheme are not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for measuring axle parameters, comprising a feed and discharge rack for conveying a plurality of axles; characterized in that: The feed and discharge rack is connected to a steering assembly that rotates according to a set angle. The back of a detection integrated block that detects the diameter of the multi-step shaft at one end of the axle is connected to the end of the robot. The detection integrated block is provided with multiple groups of measuring components and angle sensors that detect the heading angle between the measuring surface and the central axis of the axle. The measuring components include a linear rail and several sliders slidably connected to the linear rail. The sliders are respectively connected to contact components located on the same horizontal line for measuring the diameter of the axle.

2. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle sensor is located between adjacent measuring components with the largest spacing. Three groups of measuring components are provided, and two sliders are provided. A herringbone-shaped bracket is fixed on the slider, and the contact assembly is fixed on the top of the bracket.

3. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: A slider on the same linear rail is provided with a measuring cylinder for bringing two contact assemblies closer together, an oil pressure buffer is provided between the sliders on the linear rail, and the ends of the two contact assemblies contacting the axle are narrow flat long contacts.

4. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oil pressure buffer is provided with a buffer mounting seat, which is Ω-shaped. The buffer mounting seat is inverted and arranged on the same linear rail and located between two sliders. A vertical plate for mounting the oil pressure buffer is integrally formed on the top surface of the buffer mounting seat, and two through holes are provided on the vertical plate.

5. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The contact assembly includes a displacement sensor provided at one side of the same linear rail, a contact stopper matched in pairs with the displacement sensor fixedly provided at one side of the linear rail, and the contact stopper is arranged adjacent to the buffer mounting seat.

6. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the feed and unload rack is tilted at a preset angle, and the feed and unload rack is provided with a work station paddle assembly for limiting the axle. A jacking assembly is provided on one side of the interior of the feed and unload rack, and the jacking assembly and the work station paddle assembly are located on the same axis. Centering mechanisms for centering the axle are provided on both sides of the jacking assembly, and the centering mechanisms are located on the outside of the feed and unload rack.

7. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The feed and discharge rack is provided with a recessed section, and the workstation paddle assembly includes a paddle hinged on the side wall of the feed and discharge rack, and the paddle is provided with a fan-shaped paddle opening, the angle of the paddle opening is 120°-150°, and the opening wall facing the feed side is flush with the lower part of the recessed section.

8. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The jacking assembly includes two jacking cylinders, the output shafts of the jacking cylinders face upward, and a top plate is fixed on the output shafts of the jacking cylinders. A top bar for limiting the axle is fixed between the top plates.

9. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The centering mechanism includes a centering frame located on both sides of the jacking assembly and a centering piece located on the centering frame. The centering piece includes a slide rail fixed on the centering frame, and a centering block is slidably connected to the slide rail. A centering cylinder is provided on the opposite side of the centering block, and a top head that can be inserted into the center hole of the axle for centering is fixed on the side wall opposite to the centering block.

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