Ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of constructional engineering, in particular to a ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction, which comprises a ventilation mechanism and a dust removal mechanism, the ventilation mechanism is arranged at the position of a tunnel portal close to a working face, and the dust removal mechanism is arranged below the working face of the tunnel portal. The ventilation mechanism and the dust removal mechanism are each provided with an air duct communicating with the interior of the tunnel. The ventilation mechanism conveys air into the tunnel through an axial flow fan, the dust removal mechanism comprises a dust falling unit and a dust removal unit, the dust falling unit is communicated with the dust removal unit through a hard air duct, the dust falling unit sprays water through an atomizing nozzle to fall dust, and the dust removal unit filters and removes dust through a filter layer. The technical effect that dust is removed while air is conveyed to the working face of the tunnel in the tunnel construction process is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of construction engineering, in particular to a ventilation and dust removal device used in tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's economy, resource scarcity has become a constraint. While my country boasts abundant underground resources and enormous development prospects for underground engineering, the complex underground environment places higher demands on underground construction technologies for projects such as tunnels, urban rail transit, and roadways. Blasting and excavation in underground spaces generates large amounts of dust, which permeates the working face, impacting the health of construction workers and hindering construction progress. This presents a significant problem in underground construction. The primary function of a construction ventilation system in underground projects is to provide fresh air to the construction site to meet the needs of construction workers and to lower dust through airflow. Through the practical application of various ventilation methods in underground projects, it has been concluded that exhaust ventilation is more effective than pressure ventilation in dust removal. Exhaust ventilation extracts dust and polluted gases generated by the excavation face out of the tunnel, while fresh air flows through the tunnel opening to the excavation face, achieving effective ventilation and dust removal. As public health and environmental protection requirements grow, exhaust ventilation's dust removal efficiency is increasingly insufficient for today's underground construction requirements.

[0003] Chinese patent application number 201910025298.4 discloses a dust removal device for tunnel construction, comprising a vehicle body, a water tank, a jet pump, a front jet cylinder, a rear jet cylinder, a fixed bracket, a first motor, a connecting rod, a piston rod, a front support rod, a rear support rod, a front hinge rod, a rear hinge rod, a piston sleeve, a turntable, two sets of connecting hoses, a housing, a spray pump, a support device, an exhaust fan, and a dust hood. The housing and support device are both mounted on the top of the vehicle body, and a working chamber is provided inside the housing. A filter is disposed transversely within the working chamber. A plurality of spray pipes are mounted above the filter, and a plurality of groups of spray heads are connected to the bottom ends of the plurality of spray pipes. An exhaust pipe is disposed at the top of the housing. Although this device can effectively increase the spray range of the water mist and improve the dust removal effect, in order to ensure that objects in the tunnel are not affected by the water when using this device for dust removal, it needs to be moved in advance, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, spraying too much water in the tunnel may affect the working conditions in the tunnel. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to ensure that objects in the tunnel are not affected by water during dust removal in the existing technology during tunnel construction, they need to be moved in advance, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, spraying too much water in the tunnel may affect the work in the tunnel.

[0005] Technical Concept: This application provides a novel ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction. Its unique concept lies in: providing oxygen for tunnel ventilation, while also removing dust by drawing it into a pipeline for dust reduction, without disrupting operations within the tunnel. Specifically, an axial flow fan delivers mixed air into the tunnel, ensuring sufficient oxygen inside. A negative pressure fan draws dust from the tunnel into a water supply pipeline for initial atomization, and then further processes it through a filter layer within the dust removal device.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is:

[0007] The present application provides a ventilation and dust removal device for use in tunnel construction, comprising a ventilation mechanism and a dust removal mechanism. The ventilation mechanism is arranged at a position close to the working surface at the tunnel entrance, and the dust removal mechanism is arranged below the working surface at the tunnel entrance. Both the ventilation mechanism and the dust removal mechanism are provided with air ducts connected to the interior of the tunnel.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the ventilation mechanism includes an axial flow fan and a soft air duct connected to the axial flow fan, and the air sucked by the axial flow fan is transported to the interior of the tunnel through the soft air duct.

[0009] Furthermore, the axial flow fan is connected to a control system, and a weather station is provided next to the axial flow fan, and the control system is used to control the air intake volume of the axial flow fan.

[0010] Furthermore, a dust removal agent adding port is provided at one end of the soft air duct close to the axial flow fan, and an air curtain is provided at the other end of the soft air duct, and the jet of the air curtain is directed toward the dust removal mechanism.

[0011] In a further embodiment, the dust removal mechanism includes a dust reduction unit and a dust removal unit, and the dust reduction unit and the dust removal unit are connected through a hard air duct.

[0012] On the one hand, the dust reduction unit includes a negative pressure fan, a water supply box and a water supply pipe connected to the water supply box. The negative pressure fan is arranged at the end of the hard air duct, the water supply pipe is passed through the hard air duct, and multiple atomizing nozzles are arranged at intervals on the water supply pipe.

[0013] In more detail, a pressure pump is provided in the water supply tank, through which the water in the water supply tank is output through the water supply pipe, and the dust entering the hard air duct is reduced by using atomizing nozzles arranged at intervals on the water supply pipe.

[0014] It should be noted that the axial flow fan provides air flow to the air curtain, and the air curtain presses the polluted air flow generated by the tunnel face blasting to the negative pressure fan, thereby improving the working efficiency of the negative pressure fan.

[0015] On the other hand, the dust removal unit includes a dust removal box and a filter layer arranged in the dust removal box, and the dust removal box is connected to the hard air duct.

[0016] Specifically, the dust removal box is provided with a sealing cover that matches the dust removal box, and the sealing cover is provided with a circular opening connected to the hard air duct.

[0017] Furthermore, three filter layers are provided at the bottom of the dust removal box. Specifically, the upper filter layer is a large-mesh filter layer for filtering large particles of impurities in the dust; the middle layer is an activated carbon filter layer for removing tiny particles and soluble pollutants; and the bottom layer is a microfiltration membrane filter layer for finally removing tiny dust and microorganisms in the dust.

[0018] It should be noted that three slide grooves are provided on each side of the dust removal box, and the filter layer is installed in the dust removal box through the slide grooves. The front end of the filter layer is movably connected with a sealing plate, and the sealing plate is engaged with the dust removal box to form a closed space. A U-shaped handle is provided on the sealing plate, and the filter layer is pulled out of the dust removal box for replacement by pulling the U-shaped handle.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The utility model uses an axial flow fan to transport air into the construction tunnel through a soft air duct, which can provide sufficient oxygen for construction workers, and uses the axial flow fan to provide air flow to an air curtain arranged at the end of the soft air duct. The air curtain presses the polluted air flow generated by the blasting of the tunnel face to the negative pressure fan, thereby improving the working efficiency of the negative pressure fan.

[0021] 2. The utility model connects a water supply pipe to the water supply tank, transports the water in the water supply tank to the water supply pipe through a pressure pump, and sprays the water through atomizing nozzles arranged at intervals on the water supply pipe. It can atomize and reduce the dust sucked into the hard air duct by the negative pressure fan, thereby achieving a technical effect of preliminary dust reduction.

[0022] 3. The utility model has three filter layers in the dust removal box. The upper layer is a large-grid filter layer for filtering large particles of impurities in the dust. The middle layer is an activated carbon filter layer for removing tiny particles and soluble pollutants. The bottom layer is a microfiltration membrane filter layer for finally removing tiny dust and microorganisms in the dust. The three filter layers can achieve the technical effect of degrading and filtering the impurities in the dust again.

[0023] 4. The utility model enables the filter layer to be slidably installed in the dust removal box through the three-layer slide grooves arranged on both sides of the dust removal box. The filter layer can be pulled out and replaced through the U-shaped handle on the sealing plate at the end of the filter layer, achieving the technical effect of detachable and replaceable filter layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust removal box of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the decomposition of the dust removal box of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the rigid air duct and the water supply pipe of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 For this utility model Figure 4 mid-section view;

[0030] In the figure: 1. Ventilation mechanism; 11. Axial flow fan; 12. Soft air duct; 13. Control system; 14. Dust removal agent addition port; 15. Weather station; 16. Air curtain; 2. Dust removal mechanism; 21. Dust reduction unit; 211. Negative pressure fan; 212. Water supply tank; 213. Water supply pipe; 214. Hard air duct; 215. Atomizing nozzle; 22. Dust removal unit; 221. Dust removal box; 222. Sealing cover; 223. Large mesh filter layer; 224. Activated carbon filter layer; 225. Microfiltration membrane filter layer; 226. Chute; 227. Sealing plate; 228. U-shaped handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "front end", "back end", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0033] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] The inventors discovered that blasting and excavation in tunnel construction generates a large amount of dust, which permeates the working surface, affecting the health of construction workers and hindering construction progress. This presents a significant problem in underground construction. Through the practical application of various ventilation methods in tunnel construction, they concluded that exhaust ventilation is more effective than pressure ventilation in removing dust. Exhaust ventilation removes dust and polluted gases generated by the excavation face, allowing fresh air to flow through the tunnel opening to the excavation face, achieving the desired ventilation and dust removal effect.

[0035] Based on the above findings, the present application provides a ventilation and dust removal device for use in tunnel construction, including a ventilation mechanism 1 and a dust removal mechanism 2. The ventilation mechanism 1 is arranged at a position close to the working surface at the tunnel entrance, and the dust removal mechanism 2 is arranged below the working surface of the tunnel entrance. Both the ventilation mechanism 1 and the dust removal mechanism 2 are provided with air ducts connected to the interior of the tunnel. Example 1

[0036] Reference Figure 1-5 As shown, the present application provides a ventilation and dust removal device for use in tunnel construction, including a ventilation mechanism 1 and a dust removal mechanism 2. The ventilation mechanism 1 is arranged at a position close to the working surface at the tunnel entrance, and the dust removal mechanism 2 is arranged below the working surface of the tunnel entrance. Both the ventilation mechanism 1 and the dust removal mechanism 2 are provided with air ducts connected to the interior of the tunnel.

[0037] In the above technical solution, the ventilation mechanism 1 includes an axial flow fan 11 and a soft air duct 12 connected to the axial flow fan 11 , and the air pumped by the axial flow fan 11 is transported to the interior of the tunnel through the soft air duct 12 .

[0038] Specifically, the axial flow fan 11 is arranged at a position 30 m outside the tunnel entrance.

[0039] Furthermore, the axial flow fan 11 is connected to a control system 13 , and a weather station 15 is provided next to the axial flow fan 11 . The control system 13 is used to control the air intake volume of the axial flow fan 11 .

[0040] Furthermore, a dust removal agent adding port 14 is provided at one end of the soft air duct 12 close to the axial flow fan 11 , and an air curtain 16 is provided at the other end of the soft air duct 12 , and the jet of the air curtain 16 is directed toward the dust removal mechanism 2 .

[0041] It should be noted that the weather station 15 transmits the measured meteorological conditions such as wind speed, wind pressure, and wind temperature to the control system 13 , and the control system 13 adjusts the air volume by adjusting the power of the axial flow fan 11 .

[0042] In detail, the axial flow fan 11, the control system 13 and the weather station 15 are all electrically connected.

[0043] Furthermore, the dust removal mechanism 2 includes a dust reduction unit 21 and a dust removal unit 22 , and the dust reduction unit 21 and the dust removal unit 22 are connected via a hard air duct 214 .

[0044] On the one hand, the dust reduction unit 21 includes a negative pressure fan 211, a water supply box 212 and a water supply pipe 213 connected to the water supply box 212. The negative pressure fan 211 is arranged at the end of the hard air duct 214, and the water supply pipe 213 is passed through the hard air duct 214 and a plurality of atomizing nozzles 215 are arranged at intervals on the water supply pipe 213.

[0045] In more detail, a pressure pump is provided in the water supply tank 212, through which the water in the water supply tank 212 is output through the water supply pipe 213, and the dust entering the hard air duct 214 is subjected to dust reduction treatment by using the atomizing nozzle 215 arranged at intervals on the water supply pipe 213.

[0046] It should be noted that the axial flow fan 11 provides air flow to the air curtain 16 , and the air curtain 16 presses the polluted air flow generated by the tunnel face blasting toward the negative pressure fan 211 , thereby improving the working efficiency of the negative pressure fan 211 .

[0047] Specifically, the air intake of the axial flow fan 11 is the fresh air volume required by the tunnel plus the exhaust volume of the negative pressure fan 211 minus the natural air intake at the tunnel entrance.

[0048] The natural air intake at the tunnel entrance is: Q=A*V*T*(Vnatural-Vtunnel maximum allowable wind speed / Vnatural), (Q represents the natural air intake, A represents the tunnel cross-sectional area, V represents the natural wind speed, and T represents the air intake time).

[0049] On the other hand, the dust removal unit 22 includes a dust removal box 221 and a filter layer arranged in the dust removal box 221 , and the dust removal box 221 is connected to the hard air cylinder 214 .

[0050] Specifically, the dust removal box 221 is provided with a sealing cover 222 that matches the dust removal box 221 , and the sealing cover 222 is provided with a circular opening connected to the hard air duct 214 .

[0051] In more detail, one end of the hard air tube 214 is connected to the negative pressure fan 211 , and the other end extends through the opening of the sealing cover 222 on the dust removal box 221 to 2 cm to 3 cm above the dust removal box 221 .

[0052] It should be noted that the axial flow fan 11, control system 13, weather station 15 and air curtain 16 in this application are all existing technologies, and the inventor has not made any improvements. Example 2

[0053] On the basis of the first embodiment, the dust removal box 221 of the present application is provided with three filter layers, and the three filter layers are detachable and replaceable structures.

[0054] In detail, the upper filter layer is a large mesh filter layer 223, which is used to filter large particles of impurities in the dust; the middle layer is an activated carbon filter layer 224, which is used to remove tiny particles and soluble pollutants; and the bottom layer is a microfiltration membrane filter layer 225, which is used to finally remove tiny dust and microorganisms in the dust.

[0055] It should be noted that three slide grooves 226 are provided on each side of the dust removal box 221. The filter layer is installed in the dust removal box 221 through the slide grooves 226. The front end of the filter layer is movably connected with a sealing plate 227. The sealing plate 227 is engaged with the dust removal box 221 to form a closed space. A U-shaped handle 228 is provided on the sealing plate 227. By pulling the U-shaped handle 228, the filter layer is pulled out of the dust removal box 221 for replacement.

[0056] Specific application cases:

[0057] Taking tunnel construction as an example, the specific application of the ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction in the present application is described in detail.

[0058] As we all know, in the process of tunnel construction, in order to ensure the health of workers in the tunnel and the visibility in the tunnel, construction ventilation is required. However, the prevention and control of dust during tunnel excavation is still incomplete in my country's tunnel construction process, and is limited to methods such as high-pressure water spraying to reduce dust. Although it has a certain effect, it is subject to certain limitations. my country has become the country with the largest number of tunnels and the largest total mileage, and drilling and blasting is the main technology used. A large amount of free silica dust will be generated during drilling and blasting construction. Long-term inhalation of dust can easily cause systemic diseases such as diffuse fibrotic lesions of lung tissue - pneumoconiosis. The dust removal device for tunnel construction is an auxiliary device used to treat the dust generated during tunnel construction and protect the safety of workers. It has been widely used in the field of tunnel construction.

[0059] Based on this, the present application proposes a ventilation and dust removal device for use in tunnel construction. During operation, the axial flow fan 11 is turned on, and the axial flow fan 11 delivers fresh air to the tunnel excavation face through the soft air duct 12, and provides wind flow for the air curtain 16. The dust remover is added through the dust remover addition port 14 set on the soft air duct 12, and the dust remover enters the tunnel working face along the wind flow, and the dust remover is used to reduce dust.

[0060] The weather station 15 transmits the collected weather parameters to the control system 13, and the control system 13 automatically adjusts the power of the axial flow fan 11 according to the natural weather conditions.

[0061] The air curtain 16 jets toward the negative pressure fan 211, which sucks the dust in the tunnel into the hard wind tube 214 through the negative pressure fan 211. The pressure pump in the water supply tank 212 transports the water in the water supply tank 212 through the water supply pipe 213. The water is sprayed into the hard wind tube 214 through the atomizing nozzle 215 on the water supply pipe 213, so that the dust entering the hard wind tube 214 is reduced by the water. Further, the dust enters the dust removal box 221 through the hard wind tube 214. The dust first reaches the large-grid filter layer 223 for preliminary filtration of the dust, and then reaches the activated carbon filter layer 224 for secondary filtration of the dust. Finally, the dust reaches the microfiltration membrane filter layer 225 for tertiary filtration.

[0062] After the filter layer has been used for a period of time, the filter layer can be pulled out of the dust removal box 221 for replacement by pulling the U-shaped handle 228 on the sealing plate 227 .

[0063] In summary, although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ventilation and dust removal device for use in tunnel construction, comprising a ventilation mechanism (1) and a dust removal mechanism (2), characterized in that: The ventilation mechanism (1) is arranged at a position close to the working surface at the tunnel entrance, and the dust removal mechanism (2) is arranged below the working surface at the tunnel entrance. Both the ventilation mechanism (1) and the dust removal mechanism (2) are provided with an air duct connected to the interior of the tunnel. The dust removal mechanism (2) comprises a dust reduction unit (21) and a dust removal unit (22), and the dust reduction unit (21) and the dust removal unit (22) are connected via a hard air duct (214).

2. A ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation mechanism (1) comprises an axial flow fan (11) and a soft air duct (12) connected to the axial flow fan (11), and the air pumped by the axial flow fan (11) is transported to the interior of the tunnel through the soft air duct (12).

3. A ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust reduction unit (21) comprises a negative pressure fan (211), a water supply box (212), and a water supply pipe (213) connected to the water supply box (212); the negative pressure fan (211) is arranged at the end of a hard air duct (214); the water supply pipe (213) is passed through the hard air duct (214); and a plurality of atomizing nozzles (215) are arranged at intervals on the water supply pipe (213).

4. A ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dust removal unit (22) comprises a dust removal box (221) and a filter layer arranged in the dust removal box (221); the dust removal box (221) is in communication with the hard air duct (214).

5. A ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter layers are, from top to bottom, a large mesh filter layer (223), an activated carbon filter layer (224), and a microfiltration membrane filter layer (225). The three filter layers are arranged at intervals on the sealing plate (227) and respectively cooperate with the chute (226) provided on both sides of the interior of the dust removal box (221).

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