Safety multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailing dam body under rainfall condition

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mine safety facilities, and discloses a mine tailing dam body safety multifunctional real-time monitoring device under rainfall conditions, a mountain model and a mine tailing dam stacking model arranged in the mountain model are arranged in an experiment box, and a drainage system is arranged in the mine tailing dam stacking model. A clinometer, a crack meter and a hygrothermograph are arranged in the tailing dam accumulation model, a water level gauge used for measuring the water level in a reservoir of the tailing dam accumulation model is further arranged on the experiment box, and the clinometer, the crack meter, the soil hygrothermograph and the water level gauge are all connected to a receiver assembly; the experiment box is further connected with a rainfall simulation system used for conducting rainfall simulation on the tailing dam accumulation model. The indoor tailing pond dam-filling model test can be carried out under the condition of simulating rainfall, so that the indoor tailing pond dam-filling model test device has better reference value for deeply knowing the dam-breaking mechanism and the burst mode of the tailing dam and is expected to achieve disaster early warning of the tailing dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of mine safety facilities, and in particular relates to a multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam body safety under rainfall conditions. Background Art

[0002] Tailings dams are a dangerous source of man-made debris flows with high potential energy, posing a risk of dam failure. Failure can easily lead to major accidents. The risk of tailings dam failure increases under rainfall conditions. Failure to meet the design, construction, or management requirements of drainage facilities often results in insufficient drainage capacity, blockage, and collapse of these facilities. During the flood season, large amounts of rainwater flow into the reservoir, potentially leading to flooding and dam failure. Normal, stable seepage can accelerate the formation of dry flats and the consolidation of tailings, improving the stability and safety of the dam. However, if the dam is not properly designed and constructed, and the drainage layer is not installed according to stable operation requirements, the dam's seepage line will be elevated, potentially causing a dam failure. Currently, there are few model test studies on the mechanisms of tailings dam failure caused by rainfall. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional real-time monitoring device for the safety of tailings dams under rainfall conditions. By using the present invention, indoor tailings dam model tests can be carried out under conditions of simulated rainfall, thereby providing a good reference value for in-depth understanding of the dam failure mechanism and collapse mode of tailings dams, so as to achieve disaster warning of tailings dams.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows:

[0005] A multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam body safety under rainfall conditions comprises an experimental box, wherein a mountain model and a tailings dam accumulation model arranged in the mountain model are provided in the experimental box, a drainage system is provided in the tailings dam accumulation model, an inclinometer, a crack meter, and a thermo-hygrometer are provided in the tailings dam accumulation model, and the experimental box is also provided with a water level gauge for the water level in the reservoir of the tailings dam accumulation model, the inclinometer, the crack meter, the soil thermo-hygrometer, and the water level gauge are all connected to a receiver component, and the receiver component is used to receive measurement data of the inclinometer, the crack meter, the soil thermo-hygrometer, and the water level gauge; the experimental box is also connected to a simulated rainfall system for simulating rainfall on the tailings dam accumulation model.

[0006] Preferably, the tailings dam accumulation model is a model that is geometrically similar to the actual accumulation dam and is scaled down.

[0007] Preferably, the tailings dam accumulation model includes an initial dam and several layers of sub-dams.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of inclinometers are provided, and the inclinometers are buried in a plurality of sub-dams at intervals and in layers;

[0009] Before the last layer of sub-dam is piled up, the crack meter and soil temperature and humidity meter are pre-buried.

[0010] Preferably, starting from the side close to the sub-dam, the initial dam includes a fine crushed stone layer, a medium crushed stone layer, a coarse crushed stone layer and a rockfill layer in sequence.

[0011] Preferably, the drainage system includes drainage shafts spaced along the stacking direction of the tailings dam stacking model, drainage pipes connected to the lower ends of all drainage shafts, a cut-off dam arranged on one side of the initial dam, and drainage ditches on the surface of the initial dam and the sub-dam, and the outlets of the drainage pipes and the drainage ditches both extend to the cut-off dam.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical drainage shaft comprises a drainage well with a porous surface, and the surface of the drainage well is wrapped with a geotextile for blocking sand and gravel.

[0013] Preferably, a camera for observing the tailings dam accumulation model is provided in front of the tailings dam accumulation model on the experimental box, and the camera is connected to the receiver assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the simulated rainfall system includes several water pipes connected to the experimental box, and the several water pipes are distributed at intervals along the direction of the tailings dam accumulation model. One end of the water pipe is located above the tailings dam accumulation model and is provided with a rainfall simulator, and the other end of the water pipe is connected to the water source, and the water pipe is also provided with a flow meter and a flow control valve.

[0015] Preferably, the inclinometer is a fixed inclinometer, the crack meter is a rope-type crack meter, and the water level meter is an ultrasonic water level meter, which is arranged above the reservoir.

[0016] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The utility model sets a mountain model and a tailings dam accumulation model to simulate the location environment of the actual tailings dam body, sets a drainage system in the tailings dam accumulation model to simulate the actual drainage condition of the tailings dam accumulation model; the simulated rainfall system can simulate different precipitation conditions, so that the situation faced by the tailings dam accumulation model is closer to the natural precipitation condition suffered by the actual tailings dam body in the experimental environment, sets an inclinometer, a crack meter and a thermohygrometer in the tailings dam accumulation model, and can monitor the temperature change of the deformation meter of the tailings dam accumulation model in real time during the simulated precipitation process, and at the same time uses a water level meter to monitor the water level in the reservoir of the tailings dam accumulation model in real time. Therefore, the utility model can be used to carry out indoor tailings pond dam model tests under rainfall conditions, and based on the obtained test results, it can be used to analyze the tailings pond collapse mode and mechanism, which has a good reference value for in-depth understanding of the collapse mechanism and collapse mode of the tailings dam, so as to achieve disaster warning of the tailings dam. By using this new tailings dam deformation real-time monitoring device, the deformation of the tailings dam can be monitored in real time, so that potential safety hazards can be discovered early and appropriate measures can be taken to ensure the safety and stability of the tailings dam. This is of great significance to mining companies and related departments, as it ensures environmental protection and personnel safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view of the multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 For this utility model Figure 1 Middle AA section;

[0021] Figure 3 For this utility model Figure 1 Left view of;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the first enlarged view of the length-variable angle steel structure in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is the second enlarged view of the length-variable angle steel structure in the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Markings in the figure: 1. Experimental platform; 2. Experimental box; 21. Experimental frame; 211. Variable-length angle steel; 211-1. First angle steel; 211-2. Second angle steel; 211-3-hole; 22. Tempered glass; 23. Steel plate; 3. Simulated rainfall system; 31. Water pipe; 32. Turbine flowmeter; 33. Rainfall simulator; 34. Water source; 4. Mountain model; 51. Initial dam; 511. Fine crushed stone layer; 512. Medium crushed stone layer; 513. Coarse crushed stone layer; 514. Rockfill layer; 52. Sub-dam; 53. Reservoir; 61. Drainage well; 62. Drainage pipe; 63. Drainage ditch; 64. Seepage control dam; 65. Geotextile; 71. Sensor assembly; 711. Fixed inclinometer; 712. Rope-type crack meter; 713. Soil temperature and humidity meter; 74. Ultrasonic water level meter; 72. Receiver assembly; 8. Camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Example

[0027] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , the multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions in this embodiment includes an experimental platform 1, an experimental box 2, a simulated rainfall system 3, a mountain model 4, a tailings dam accumulation model, a drainage system, a data acquisition system, and a camera 8. The experimental box 2 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the experimental platform 1. The experimental box 2 includes an experimental box frame 21 welded from angle steel, two tempered glass panels 22, and a steel plate 23. Figure 2 Taking the orientation shown as an example, the front and back sides of the experimental box 2 are tempered glass 22, and the left and right sides are steel plates 23. Specifically, the tempered glass 22 is sealed and fixed to the inside of the experimental frame 21 by glass glue to form the left and right sides of the experimental box, and the steel plate 23 is welded and fixed to the rear end of the experimental frame; see Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the width direction of the experimental box frame 21 (i.e. Figure 3 The left and right directions shown in the figure are both formed by punching holes in two pieces of angle steel (i.e., a first angle steel 211-1 and a second angle steel 211-2) and then connecting them with bolts to form a variable-length angle steel 211. By connecting the holes 211-3 on the first angle steel 211-1 and the second angle steel 211-2, the length of the variable-length angle steel 211 can be changed, so that the utility model has a wider applicability and can be used to simulate experiments on mountain models 4 of different sizes and tailings dam accumulation models.

[0028] The tailings dam accumulation model is constructed in the mountain model 4 in proportion and layer by layer according to the principle of geometric similarity of the actual dam. The tailings dam accumulation model includes an initial dam 51 and several layers of sub-dams 52. The initial dam 51 is divided into four layers, starting from the side close to the sub-dam 52, namely a fine crushed stone layer 511, a medium crushed stone layer 512, a coarse crushed stone layer 513 and a rockfill layer 514; see Figure 3 The rainfall simulator 33 of the simulated rainfall system 3 is set on the experimental frame 21 above the tailings dam accumulation model. The turbine flowmeter 32 of the simulated rainfall system 3 is set on the left side of the outside of the experimental box 2. The turbine flowmeter 32 and the rainfall simulator 33 are connected by a water pipe 31. The water pipe 31 can also be provided with a flow regulating valve. The end of the water pipe 31 is connected to the water source. The water pipe 31 can be a PVC water pipe.

[0029] The drainage system features four vertical drainage shafts, each buried and compacted at intervals within the tailings dam model. These shafts include porous drainage wells 61, each covered with a geotextile 65 to retain sand and gravel. Three layers of geotextile 64 wrap around the exterior of each well. The lower ends of these wells connect to drainage pipes 62, which in turn lead to seepage control dams 64. Drainage ditches 63 are designed on the surface of the tailings dam model 5. The outlets of these ditches extend to the seepage control dams 64.

[0030] The fixed inclinometers 711 of the sensor assembly 71 of the data acquisition system 7 were embedded in the tailings dam model at intervals and compacted. Before the final layer of sub-dams 52 was built, a rope-type crack meter 712 and a soil temperature and humidity meter 713 were embedded and compacted. An ultrasonic water level meter 714 was installed above the reservoir of the tailings dam model and secured to the steel plate 23 of the experimental box 2 using rebar welding.

[0031] Camera 8 is positioned above the cutoff dam 64 and fixed to the experimental box 2, with its lens viewing angle directed toward the tailings dam accumulation model. The input port of the receiver component 72 of the data acquisition system 7 is electrically connected to the output ports of the sensor component 71 and the camera 8, respectively.

[0032] In practice, a tailings dam model is constructed layer by layer within the test chamber, following the principle of geometric similarity to actual dams. Using tailings slag of equal density, compaction, and particle size, the model is constructed using a pre-set route for drainage pipes 62. Drain wells 61 are placed within the tailings dam model, wrapped with multiple layers of geotextile 65 to ensure water permeability but prevent sand from entering the pipes. This also prevents fine dust particles from entering the pipes and causing test errors. Sensor assemblies 71 are embedded in the tailings dam model in layers and compacted according to pre-set conditions. Drainage ditches 63 are installed on the surface of the constructed tailings dam model. Camera 8 is activated, adjusted, and secured in its monitoring position. Data acquisition system 7 is activated and the sensors are tested for proper operation. The regulating valve of the adjustable rainfall system is opened to simulate rainfall on the tailings dam model. Receiver assembly 72 receives and stores data from sensor assembly 71 during the seepage failure test of the tailings dam model, as well as continuously receives and stores image data captured by camera 8 throughout the entire seepage failure test. Based on the obtained test results, it can be used to analyze the tailings dam breach mode and mechanism, which has a good reference value for in-depth understanding of the tailings dam breach mechanism and breach mode, so as to achieve tailings dam disaster warning.

[0033] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions, characterized in that: The invention comprises an experimental box (2), wherein a mountain model (4) and a tailings dam accumulation model arranged in the mountain model (4) are arranged in the experimental box (2), a drainage system is arranged in the tailings dam accumulation model, an inclinometer, a crack meter, and a thermometer and hygrometer are arranged in the tailings dam accumulation model, a water level gauge for the water level in the reservoir (53) of the tailings dam accumulation model is also arranged on the experimental box (2), the inclinometer, the crack meter, the soil thermometer and hygrometer (713) and the water level gauge are all connected to a receiver component (72), and the receiver component (72) is used to receive measurement data of the inclinometer, the crack meter, the soil thermometer and hygrometer (713) and the water level gauge; and a simulated rainfall system (3) for simulating rainfall on the tailings dam accumulation model is also connected to the experimental box (2).

2. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tailings dam accumulation model adopts a model that is geometrically similar to the actual accumulation dam and is scaled down.

3. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The tailings dam accumulation model includes an initial dam (51) and several layers of sub-dams (52).

4. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A plurality of inclinometers are provided, and the inclinometers are buried in a plurality of sub-dams (52) at intervals in layers; Before the last layer of sub-dam (52) is piled up, the crack meter and soil temperature and humidity meter (713) are pre-buried.

5. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Starting from the side close to the sub-dam (52), the initial dam (51) includes a fine crushed stone layer (511), a medium crushed stone layer (512), a coarse crushed stone layer (513) and a rockfill layer (514).

6. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The drainage system includes drainage shafts spaced along the stacking direction of the tailings dam stacking model, drainage pipes (62) connected to the lower ends of all drainage shafts, a seepage cutoff dam (64) arranged on one side of the initial dam (51), and drainage ditches (63) on the surfaces of the initial dam (51) and the sub-dam (52), wherein the outlets of the drainage pipes (62) and the outlets of the drainage ditches (63) both extend to the seepage cutoff dam (64).

7. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The vertical drainage shaft comprises a drainage well (61) with a porous surface, and the surface of the drainage well (61) is wrapped with a geotextile (65) for blocking sand and gravel.

8. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A camera (8) for observing the tailings dam accumulation model is provided in front of the tailings dam accumulation model on the experimental box (2), and the camera (8) is connected to the receiver assembly (72).

9. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The simulated rainfall system (3) includes a plurality of water pipes (31) connected to the experimental box (2), wherein the plurality of water pipes (31) are distributed at intervals along the direction of the tailings dam accumulation model, one end of the water pipe (31) is located above the tailings dam accumulation model and is provided with a rainfall simulator (33), and the other end of the water pipe (31) is connected to a water source, and a flow meter and a flow control valve are also provided on the water pipe (31).

10. The multifunctional real-time monitoring device for tailings dam safety under rainfall conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclinometer is a fixed inclinometer (711), the crack meter is a rope-type crack meter (712), and the water level meter is an ultrasonic water level meter (714). The ultrasonic water level meter (714) is arranged above the reservoir (53).

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