Multi-battery pack battery management system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-battery pack battery management system, and relates to the technical field of battery management systems. Comprising a host module; the at least two slave modules are used for acquiring electrical data of different battery packs, sending the acquired electrical data to the host module and receiving a control instruction of the host module for control; each slave module comprises at least two sampling chips for acquiring electrical parameters of different single batteries; the control chip receives the electrical parameters collected by the sampling chips and forwards the electrical parameters, and when any received electrical parameter does not meet a preset condition, the relay driver is controlled to be disconnected; and the communication gateway is used for receiving the electrical parameters forwarded by the control chip, forming electrical data, sending the electrical data to the host module, and opening or closing the relay driver according to a control instruction of the host module. The utility model aims to realize sampling, control and diagnosis of a high-voltage relay in a battery pack and improve the safety of the battery pack while reducing occupation of a VCU (vehicle control unit) communication interface of a whole vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery management systems, and in particular to a multi-battery pack battery management system. Background Art

[0002] As a vital means of transportation, commercial vehicles occupy a crucial position in scenarios such as cargo and passenger transport. With the development of new energy vehicles, commercial vehicles are also gradually transitioning towards electrification. Due to their high range requirements and complex operating environments, commercial vehicles typically require multiple battery packs to meet their high energy demands. The battery management system (BMS), a crucial component in electric vehicles, monitors battery status, manages charging and discharging processes, diagnoses battery faults, and controls high-voltage relays to ensure efficient battery use and safe vehicle operation. Therefore, efficiently and safely managing multiple battery packs has become a key issue in commercial vehicle BMS technology.

[0003] Currently, there are two main approaches to managing multiple battery packs in commercial vehicles: deploying a complete master-slave BMS system for each battery pack, and employing a single-master, multiple-slave BMS architecture. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, and exhibits significant differences in practical application.

[0004] The first solution is to configure a complete master and slave BMS system for each battery pack. The main advantage of this solution is that each battery pack has independent BMS functions, capable of real-time monitoring of the battery cell status within the pack and controlling and diagnosing the high-voltage relays. This configuration ensures independent operation of each battery pack and a high degree of functional integrity. Within the system, each battery pack can independently perform data sampling, status diagnosis, and control logic implementation, providing more detailed battery status information for the entire vehicle. This independence enhances the flexibility and maintainability of the battery system, helping to improve vehicle operation safety and stability. However, since each battery pack requires a separate master and slave system, system costs increase significantly. Furthermore, each battery pack requires independent communication with the vehicle control unit (VCU), which limits the VCU's communication interface resources. Especially in commercial vehicles equipped with multiple battery packs, the consumption of these communication interfaces significantly increases the complexity of the vehicle's communication design and can affect the stability of the communication system.

[0005] The second solution adopts a single-master, multiple-slave BMS architecture. Compared to the first solution, this approach offers significant advantages in cost and communication efficiency. In this architecture, a single master manages multiple slaves, each responsible for collecting and monitoring the cell status of its corresponding battery pack. The master integrates the data transmitted by the slaves to achieve centralized management of the battery system. This effectively reduces the number of communication interfaces between the vehicle and the VCU, thereby reducing the complexity of vehicle communication design. However, in this architecture, the slave responsible for cell monitoring cannot sample, control, and diagnose the high-voltage relays within the battery pack. Since the control of the high-voltage relays is directly related to the safety of the battery system, this flaw reduces the overall safety of the system. In critical scenarios requiring high-voltage power outages or fault isolation, the lack of control over the high-voltage relays by the slaves can pose a serious safety hazard.

[0006] Therefore, how to sample, control and diagnose the high-voltage relays inside the battery pack while reducing the occupancy of the vehicle's VCU communication interface and improving the safety of the battery pack has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0007] The main purpose of this utility model is to provide a multi-battery pack battery management system, which aims to reduce the occupation of the vehicle VCU communication interface while realizing sampling, control and diagnosis of the high-voltage relays inside the battery pack, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a multi-battery pack battery management system, comprising:

[0009] Host module;

[0010] At least two slave modules are used to collect electrical data from different battery packs, send the collected electrical data to the master module, and receive control instructions from the master module: the slave modules include:

[0011] At least two sampling chips for collecting electrical parameters of different single cells;

[0012] The control chip receives the electrical parameters collected by each sampling chip and forwards them. When any of the received electrical parameters does not meet the preset conditions, the control relay driver is disconnected;

[0013] The communication gateway is used to receive the electrical parameters forwarded by the control chip, form electrical data and send it to the host module, and turn on or off the relay driver according to the control instructions of the host module.

[0014] Through a master module and multiple slave modules, independent management and centralized control of multiple battery packs are achieved. The number of slave modules can be increased as needed to support more battery packs, enhancing the system's adaptability and flexibility. The control chip monitors the electrical parameters of the sampling chip in real time and immediately triggers the relay driver to disconnect when an anomaly is detected, effectively protecting the battery pack and the overall system. While reducing the use of the vehicle's VCU communication interface, it enables sampling, control, and diagnosis of the high-voltage relays within the battery pack, improving battery pack safety.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, at least two communication lines using different communication protocols are provided between the communication gateway and the host module.

[0016] By using at least two communication lines with different protocols, even if one communication line fails due to interference or hardware failure, the system can still maintain normal operation through the other communication line, thereby improving the fault tolerance of communication and the overall reliability of the system.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, when two communication lines are used, they utilize the TPL communication protocol and the CAN communication protocol, respectively. The TPL communication protocol offers the advantages of low latency and strict timing, making it suitable for serial communication between sampling chips and ensuring fast, real-time upload of sampled data. The CAN communication protocol excels at parallel data transmission between multiple modules and can optimize transmission efficiency in complex topologies through its priority mechanism.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present application, the communication gateway model is MC33665. The MC33665 communication gateway, due to its high level of integration, can reduce the complexity of peripheral circuit design and mitigate potential failure risks caused by inter-component connectivity issues. Furthermore, the MC33665 supports multi-protocol communication, perfectly implementing the design requirement of at least two communication lines with different protocols, further optimizing the system's communication efficiency and fault tolerance.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, the sampling chips are sequentially connected in series and then communicatively connected to the control chip. This serial communication structure significantly reduces system wiring complexity by reducing the number of independent communication cables. This not only simplifies hardware design but also improves system reliability, reducing the possibility of failures caused by multiple line connections. The serial communication structure reduces the number of communication interfaces and connecting cables, thereby reducing overall hardware costs.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, serially connected sampling chips communicate using the TPL protocol. The TPL protocol uses a token-passing mechanism to ensure that only the sampling chip holding the token can send data, fundamentally avoiding communication conflicts. Compared to traditional contention-based access mechanisms, this design significantly improves data transmission efficiency.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, the sampling chip and the control chip communicate using the TPL protocol. The TPL protocol uses a token mechanism to ensure that communication between the sampling chip and the control chip occurs in a strict time sequence, avoiding communication conflicts, reducing data transmission latency, and improving the efficiency of uploading sampled data.

[0022] The above technical solution achieves independent management and centralized control of multiple battery packs through a master module and multiple slave modules. The number of slave modules can be increased as needed to support more battery packs, enhancing the system's adaptability and flexibility. The control chip monitors the electrical parameters of the sampling chip in real time and immediately triggers the relay driver to disconnect when an anomaly is detected, effectively protecting the battery pack and the overall system. While reducing the use of the vehicle's VCU communication interface, it also enables sampling, control, and diagnosis of the high-voltage relays within the battery pack, improving battery pack safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a multi-battery pack battery management system, including:

[0027] Host module;

[0028] At least two slave modules are used to collect electrical data from different battery packs, send the collected electrical data to the master module, and receive control instructions from the master module: the slave modules include:

[0029] At least two sampling chips for collecting electrical parameters of different single cells;

[0030] The control chip receives the electrical parameters collected by each sampling chip and forwards them. When any of the received electrical parameters does not meet the preset conditions, the control relay driver is disconnected;

[0031] The communication gateway is used to receive the electrical parameters forwarded by the control chip, form electrical data and send it to the host module, and turn on or off the relay driver according to the control instructions of the host module.

[0032] Specifically, the master module, serving as the system's core control unit, receives electrical data from the slave modules and, based on data analysis, generates and sends control instructions to each slave module. Through communication with the slave modules, the master module enables centralized management and control of multiple battery packs. The master module plays a key role in data integration and control instruction issuance within the system.

[0033] At least two slave modules, the number of which is two or more.

[0034] The main function of the slave module is to collect electrical data from different battery packs, transmit the collected data to the master module, and control the operating status of the battery pack according to the instructions of the master module. Each slave module corresponds to a battery pack and completes data collection and control functions through interaction with the master module. The slave module includes at least two sampling chips, a control chip, and a communication gateway. Each sampling chip is specifically responsible for collecting electrical parameters of a single cell, such as voltage, current, or temperature. The use of multiple sampling chips ensures that the status parameters of multiple different single cells can be collected, thereby achieving comprehensive monitoring of the status of the single cells within the battery pack.

[0035] The control chip receives the electrical parameters transmitted by each sampling chip and forwards them to the communication gateway. It also monitors these parameters in real time. If any sampling chip's electrical parameters exceed preset conditions, the control chip immediately sends a command to the relay driver, which disconnects the battery pack's high-voltage relay, thereby protecting the battery system.

[0036] The communication gateway receives electrical parameters forwarded by the control chip and transforms these parameters into complete electrical data, which is then sent to the host module. The communication gateway also receives control commands from the host module and operates the relay driver accordingly, thereby controlling the operating status of the battery pack. Acting as a bridge between the host module and the control chip, the communication gateway facilitates bidirectional communication of upstream and downstream data.

[0037] The relay driver opens and closes the high-voltage relay according to commands from the control chip or host module. If the control chip detects an anomaly, the relay driver quickly disconnects the high-voltage relay. When the host module issues a command, the relay driver operates accordingly, enabling flexible control of the battery pack's connection status. The relay driver opens the high-voltage relay only when the control chip and the communication gateway are functioning normally.

[0038] The master module connects to the communication gateway in the slave module via a communication network. The communication gateway further communicates with the control chip, which in turn connects to multiple sampling chips to receive electrical parameters. Furthermore, the control chip connects to the relay driver via hardware signals to control its operation.

[0039] The data transmission process is:

[0040] The sampling chip collects the electrical parameters of the single cell and transmits them to the control chip. The control chip forwards the data to the communication gateway. The communication gateway uploads the data to the host module through the communication network. The host module sends control instructions to the communication gateway based on the analysis results. The communication gateway sends the control instructions to the control chip or directly operates the relay driver.

[0041] The above technical solution achieves independent management and centralized control of multiple battery packs through a master module and multiple slave modules. The number of slave modules can be increased as needed to support more battery packs, enhancing the system's adaptability and flexibility. The control chip monitors the electrical parameters of the sampling chip in real time and immediately triggers the relay driver to disconnect when an anomaly is detected, effectively protecting the battery pack and the overall system. While reducing the use of the vehicle's VCU communication interface, it also enables sampling, control, and diagnosis of the high-voltage relays within the battery pack, improving battery pack safety.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present application, at least two communication lines using different communication protocols are provided between the communication gateway and the host module.

[0043] Specifically, at least two communication lines using different protocols are added between the communication gateway and the host module. This provides higher reliability in data transmission. Two or more communication lines using different protocols—for example, one using a high-speed protocol (such as the CAN bus) and another using a redundant protocol (Token Passing Link)—create dual communication paths.

[0044] If one communication line fails, the other line can take over data transmission, ensuring continuity and stability of system communication. Both lines can operate simultaneously, with one line used for high-priority data transmission, such as collected electrical parameters, and the other for lower-priority data transmission, such as control instructions or status reports, improving communication efficiency.

[0045] By adopting the above technical solution, by using at least two communication lines with different protocols, even if one communication line fails due to interference or hardware failure, the system can still maintain normal operation through the other communication line, thereby improving the fault tolerance of communication and the overall reliability of the system.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present application, when there are two communication lines, the two communication lines adopt the TPL communication protocol and the CAN communication protocol respectively.

[0047] Using this technical solution, the TPL communication protocol offers the advantages of low latency and strict timing, making it suitable for serial communication between sampling chips and ensuring fast, real-time upload of sampled data. The CAN communication protocol excels at parallel data transmission between multiple modules, and its priority mechanism optimizes transmission efficiency in complex topologies.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present application, the model of the communication gateway is: MC33665.

[0049] Specifically, MC33665 can support multiple communication protocols, such as CAN, TPL, etc., which can ensure the accuracy of data transmission and the stability of system operation.

[0050] The above technical solution, using the MC33665 communication gateway, reduces the complexity of peripheral circuit design due to its high level of integration, while also mitigating potential failure risks caused by inter-component connectivity issues. Furthermore, the MC33665 supports multi-protocol communication, perfectly implementing the design requirement of at least two communication lines with different protocols, further optimizing the system's communication efficiency and fault tolerance.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present application, the sampling chips are sequentially connected in series and then communicatively connected to the control chip.

[0052] Specifically, the sampling chips are connected in series and eventually communicate with the control chip. That is, the data output of one sampling chip is connected to the data input of the next sampling chip, and the data output of the last sampling chip is connected to the control chip.

[0053] The serial communication structure realizes data transmission of multiple sampling chips by sharing a communication channel, reducing the number of communication lines.

[0054] The above technical solution significantly reduces system wiring complexity by reducing the number of independent communication cables. This not only simplifies hardware design but also improves system reliability, reducing the possibility of failures caused by multiple line connections. The serial communication structure also reduces the number of communication interfaces and connecting cables, thereby reducing overall hardware costs.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present application, the serially connected sampling chips communicate with each other using the TPL protocol.

[0056] Specifically, the TPL protocol is a serial communication protocol based on token passing, suitable for efficient, low-latency data transmission. This token mechanism ensures that data is passed between sampling chips in a predetermined order, avoiding communication conflicts. Upon receiving a token, each sampling chip transmits its collected electrical parameter data, which is then passed to the next sampling chip. This continues in sequence, ultimately converging all data to the control chip.

[0057] Using this technical solution, the TPL protocol uses a token-passing mechanism to ensure that only the sampling chip holding the token can send data, fundamentally avoiding communication conflicts. Compared with traditional contention access mechanisms, this design significantly improves data transmission efficiency.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present application, the sampling chip and the control chip communicate with each other using the TPL protocol.

[0059] Specifically, the TPL protocol uses a token passing mechanism to ensure efficient and reliable communication links. Data transmission between sampling chips is accomplished sequentially through a cascaded structure, with the last sampling chip ultimately communicating directly with the control chip via the TPL protocol. The control chip, serving as the final receiving node in the TPL network, uniformly receives electrical parameter data transmitted from multiple cascaded sampling chips.

[0060] Using the above technical solution, the TPL protocol ensures that communication between the sampling chip and the control chip is carried out in a strict timing sequence through a token mechanism, avoiding communication conflicts, reducing the waiting time for data transmission, and improving the upload efficiency of sampling data.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the utility model concept, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-battery pack battery management system, characterized in that: include: Host module; At least two slave modules are used to collect electrical data from different battery packs, send the collected electrical data to the master module, and receive control instructions from the master module: the slave modules include: At least two sampling chips for collecting electrical parameters of different single cells; The control chip receives the electrical parameters collected by each sampling chip and forwards them. When any of the received electrical parameters does not meet the preset conditions, the control relay driver is disconnected; The communication gateway is used to receive the electrical parameters forwarded by the control chip, form electrical data and send it to the host module, and turn on or off the relay driver according to the control instructions of the host module.

2. The multi-battery pack battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: At least two communication lines using different communication protocols are provided between the communication gateway and the host module.

3. The multi-battery pack battery management system according to claim 2, wherein: When there are two communication lines, the two communication lines adopt the TPL communication protocol and the CAN communication protocol respectively.

4. The multi-battery pack battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: The model of the communication gateway is: MC33665.

5. The multi-battery pack battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: The sampling chips are sequentially connected in series and then communicatively connected to the control chip.

6. The multi-battery pack battery management system according to claim 5, wherein: The TPL protocol is used to communicate between the serially connected sampling chips.

7. The multi-battery pack battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: The sampling chip and the control chip communicate with each other using the TPL protocol.

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