Self-adaptive soil layer drill bit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-adaptive soil layer drill bit, which belongs to the technical field of drill bits and comprises a drill rod, a drill bit sleeve and a plurality of drilling tool components, the drill rod is connected with the output end of a drilling machine, the drill bit sleeve is mounted at the bottom of the drill rod, and the drilling tool components are equidistantly distributed at the end of the drill bit sleeve. The drilling tool assembly comprises a mounting shell, diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth and tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth, wherein the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth are slidably arranged in the mounting shell. According to the self-adaptive soil layer exploration drill bit, the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth are combined in the same drilling tool assembly, the cutting mode can be automatically adjusted according to the hardness of a rock stratum, and during soft rock stratum operation, the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth are adopted, so that the drilling efficiency is greatly improved; when the drill bit faces a hard rock stratum, the drill bit teeth are switched to the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth, smooth drilling operation is guaranteed, the drill bit does not need to be replaced frequently, and operation continuity and overall efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of drill bits, and in particular relates to an adaptive soil layer drill bit. Background Art

[0002] Underground rock formations often exhibit complex and variable properties, such as widespread cracks, anisotropy, and alternating soft and hard materials. These characteristics render the rock formations heterogeneous, significantly increasing the complexity of drill bit research and design. Traditional drill bits exhibit poor adaptability to varying rock properties. Due to the heterogeneity of underground rock formations, different soil and stratum structures often require different types of drill bits.

[0003] In hard rock formations, although impregnated diamond drill bits are highly favored due to their high cutting strength and low wear resistance, their drilling speed slows down significantly in soft rock formations. This is mainly because diamond drill bits mainly break rock through grinding (friction), which is not very efficient in soft rock.

[0004] On the other hand, tungsten carbide drill bits, due to their high hardness and excellent wear resistance, achieve faster penetration rates when drilling softer rock formations. However, in hard rock formations, tungsten carbide drill bits wear out rapidly, making drilling difficult and prone to damage. This is primarily because tungsten carbide drill bits primarily break hard rock by plowing. When encountering extremely hard rock, their breaking efficiency decreases significantly, and wear increases significantly.

[0005] Therefore, when drilling in soft and hard strata, the drill bit needs to be able to adapt to rocks of different hardness while maintaining a stable drilling speed and direction. Traditional drill bits often find it difficult to meet these requirements simultaneously when faced with such complex strata. They can only be adjusted and replaced in time according to drilling needs, resulting in low drilling efficiency or even inability to complete the drilling task.

[0006] To this end, we propose an adaptive soil drill bit to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] The utility model aims to solve the problem in the prior art that the drill bit has poor adaptability to rock property changes and different drill bits need to be replaced for different soil stratum structures, and proposes an adaptive soil layer drill bit.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] An adaptive soil drill bit comprises: a drill rod connected to the output end of a drilling rig and capable of rotating to apply pressure; a drill bit sleeve mounted at the bottom of the drill rod, with an impact buffering mechanism provided between the drill bit sleeve and the drill rod; a plurality of drill bit assemblies equidistantly distributed at the end of the drill bit sleeve, the drill bit assemblies comprising a mounting shell and diamond-impregnated drill teeth and tungsten-steel alloy drill teeth slidably disposed within the mounting shell; an elastic adaptive telescopic structure for controlling the diamond-impregnated drill teeth and tungsten-steel alloy drill teeth is provided within the mounting shell, so that the tungsten-steel alloy drill teeth extend and break when drilling into soft rock, and extend and break when drilling into hard rock.

[0010] Preferably, the impact buffer mechanism includes a connecting tube 1 fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the drill rod and having a C-shaped cross-section with an opening facing inward, and a connecting tube 2 with a C-shaped cross-section with an opening facing outward is installed on the top of the drill sleeve. The connecting tube 1 and the connecting tube 2 are coaxially nested to form a sleeve structure that can be axially extended and retracted. A pressure relief structure is provided at the overlapping part of the connecting tube 1 and the connecting tube 2, and a buffer spring is also installed between the connecting tube 1 and the connecting tube 2.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure relief structure includes a plurality of wedge-shaped teeth 1 fixedly arranged on the inner bottom surface of the connecting pipe 1, and the inner top surface of the connecting pipe 2 is equipped with wedge-shaped teeth 2 adapted to the wedge-shaped teeth 1, and the wedge-shaped teeth 1 and the wedge-shaped teeth 2 are staggered and meshed.

[0012] Preferably, the axial movable stroke of the connecting pipe 1 and the connecting pipe 2 is greater than the meshing height of the wedge-shaped tooth 1 and the wedge-shaped tooth 2.

[0013] Preferably, the rotation direction of the drill rod is in the direction of the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped tooth 1.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic adaptive telescopic structure includes a partition fixedly arranged in the mounting shell, which divides the mounting shell into a hydraulic chamber and a accommodating chamber. Two sealing tubes are arranged on the partition to connect the hydraulic chamber and the accommodating chamber. The hydraulic chamber is filled with hydraulic medium. The diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth and tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth are slidably arranged side by side in the accommodating chamber. The tops of the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth and tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth are both equipped with hydraulic columns that are sealed and slidably connected to the sealing tubes. A positioning spring is arranged between the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth and the partition, so that the cutting end position of the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth exceeds the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth in the initial state.

[0015] Preferably, the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth are located at the front side in the rotation direction of the drill rod.

[0016] Preferably, a limiting cavity is provided in the middle of the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth, and a limiting plate penetrating the limiting cavity is fixedly installed in the accommodating cavity.

[0017] Preferably, the hydraulic medium is a non-Newtonian fluid.

[0018] The utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] This adaptive soil detection drill bit combines diamond-impregnated drill teeth and tungsten-steel alloy drill teeth in the same drill cutter assembly. It can automatically adjust the cutting method according to the hardness of the rock formation. When operating in soft rock formations, tungsten-steel alloy drill teeth with fast cutting speed are used, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency. When facing hard rock formations, the bit switches to diamond-impregnated drill teeth with strong wear resistance and high strength, ensuring the smooth progress of drilling operations without the need for frequent drill bit replacement, which significantly improves operation continuity and overall efficiency.

[0020] The adaptive soil layer detection drill bit can effectively absorb and disperse the impact force generated during the drilling process through the impact buffer mechanism set between the drill rod and the drill bit sleeve, reducing direct impact damage to the internal structure of the drill bit, thereby significantly extending the service life of the drill bit, reducing maintenance costs and replacement frequency, and bringing higher economic benefits to users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drill rod in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the drill bit sleeve in the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the drill cutter assembly in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram.

[0027] The meanings of the accompanying numbers are as follows: 1. drill rod; 11. connecting pipe 1; 12. wedge-shaped tooth 1; 2. drill bit sleeve; 21. connecting pipe 2; 22. wedge-shaped tooth 2; 3. drill cutter assembly; 31. mounting shell; 32. diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth; 33. tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth; 34. partition; 35. sealing tube; 36. hydraulic column; 37. positioning spring; 38. limit chamber; 39. limit plate; 4. buffer spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1-6 , an adaptive soil drill bit, including a drill rod 1, a drill bit sleeve 2 and multiple drill cutter assemblies 3.

[0030] The drill rod 1 is connected to the output end of the drilling rig and can rotate and apply pressure. The rotation of the drill rod 1 provides rotational power, and the drill rod 1 applies downward pressure to form drilling pressure (existing technology). The rotation of the drill rod 1 drives the drill head sleeve 2 to rotate, causing the multiple drill bit assemblies 3 to rotate around the axis of the drill rod 1 to drill holes.

[0031] The drill bit sleeve 2 is installed at the bottom of the drill rod 1, and an impact buffer mechanism is provided between the drill bit sleeve 2 and the drill rod 1. The impact buffer mechanism provided between the drill rod 1 and the drill bit sleeve 2 can effectively absorb and disperse the impact force generated during the drilling process, reducing the direct impact damage to the internal structure of the drill bit, thereby significantly extending the service life of the drill bit, reducing maintenance costs and replacement frequency, and bringing higher economic benefits to users.

[0032] like Figure 2-4 The impact buffering mechanism includes a connecting pipe 11 fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the drill rod 1 and having a C-shaped cross-section with an opening inward, and a connecting pipe 2 21 with a C-shaped cross-section with an opening outward is installed on the top of the drill sleeve 2. The connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21 are coaxially nested to form a sleeve structure that can be axially extended and retracted. The C-shaped structures of the connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21 cooperate with each other to achieve a limiting effect, ensuring that the drill sleeve 2 will not fall off the drill rod 1. A pressure relief structure is provided at the overlapping part of the connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21, and a buffer spring 4 is also installed between the connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21. Under the action of the buffer spring 4, the connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21 are in the longest elongation state under normal conditions. During drilling, when encountering local hard rock, the drill sleeve 2 is impacted and the buffer spring 4 contracts to achieve buffering of the impact force.

[0033] The pressure relief structure includes a plurality of wedge-shaped teeth 12 fixedly arranged on the inner bottom surface of the connecting tube 11, and a wedge-shaped tooth 22 adapted to the wedge-shaped tooth 12 is arranged on the inner top surface of the connecting tube 21. The wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22 are meshed with each other, and the drill rod 1 and the drill bit sleeve 2 transmit power under the meshing action of the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22. The rotation direction of the drill rod 1 is the direction of the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped teeth 12. During rotation, the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped teeth 12 presses against the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped teeth 22, which will generate axial thrust to separate the connecting tube 11 and the connecting tube 21. However, the buffer spring 4 can provide sufficient downward pressure to prevent the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22 from disengaging, so that the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22 keep rotating. During low-intensity vibration, the buffer spring 4 can provide sufficient downward pressure to prevent the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22 from disengaging, so that the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22 keep rotating. The impact spring 4 is compressed and reset in a small range, and the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22 will rotate and swivel circumferentially under the action of the inclined surface, which can make the cutting force more evenly distributed, avoiding excessive local cutting force causing the drill bit assembly 3 to wear too fast or break. The uniform cutting force distribution helps to improve the stability and efficiency of cutting. The axial movable stroke of the connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21 is greater than the meshing height of the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22. During high-intensity vibration, the stroke of the connecting pipe 11 and the connecting pipe 2 21 exceeds the meshing height of the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge-shaped teeth 22, and the wedge-shaped teeth 12 and the wedge teeth 2 22 are separated, which plays a role of pressure relief and buffering, avoiding the risk of excessive load on the drilling rig and breakage of the drill bit assembly 3 caused by excessive resistance during drilling.

[0034] Multiple drill bit assemblies 3 are equidistantly distributed at the end of the drill bit sleeve 2 to ensure uniform distribution of cutting force. The drill bit assembly 3 includes a mounting shell 31 and diamond-impregnated drill teeth 32 and tungsten steel alloy drill teeth 33 slidably arranged in the mounting shell 31. An elastic adaptive telescopic structure for controlling the diamond-impregnated drill teeth 32 and tungsten steel alloy drill teeth 33 is provided in the mounting shell 31, so that the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 are extended and broken when drilling soft rock, and the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 are extended and broken when drilling hard rock. When operating in soft rock formations, the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 with a fast cutting speed are used, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency; when facing hard rock formations, the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 with strong wear resistance and high strength are switched to ensure the smooth progress of the drilling operation without the need for frequent replacement of drill bits, which significantly improves the operation continuity and overall efficiency.

[0035] like Figure 5 The elastic adaptive telescopic structure includes a partition 34 fixedly provided in the mounting shell 31, which divides the mounting shell 31 into a hydraulic chamber and a receiving chamber (such as Figure 5As shown, there is a hydraulic chamber above the partition 34 and a receiving chamber below the partition 34). Two sealing tubes 35 are fixedly provided on the partition 34 to connect the hydraulic chamber and the receiving chamber. The hydraulic chamber is filled with hydraulic medium. The diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 are slidably arranged side by side in the receiving chamber. The tops of the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 are fixedly provided with hydraulic columns 36 that are sealed and slidably connected to the sealing tubes 35. When one of the hydraulic columns 36 moves into the hydraulic chamber, the pressure in the hydraulic chamber increases, thereby driving the other hydraulic column 36 to extend outward. A positioning spring 37 is provided between the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 and the partition 34. The elastic force of the positioning spring 37 is smaller than that of the buffer spring 4. When entering the hard rock formation from the soft rock formation, the drilling pressure increases, and the first compressed The positioning spring 37 makes the cutting end position of the tungsten steel alloy drill bit tooth 33 exceed the impregnated diamond drill bit tooth 32 in the initial state. The surface layer of the soil is mainly soil and soft rock layers, which are cut by the tungsten steel alloy drill bit tooth 33. When entering the hard rock layer, the cutting efficiency of the tungsten steel alloy drill bit tooth 33 decreases, the drilling pressure applied by the drill rod 1 increases, and the positioning spring 37 is compressed, causing the tungsten steel alloy drill bit tooth 33 to retract inward and the impregnated diamond drill bit tooth 32 to extend outward until the tungsten steel alloy drill bit tooth 33 and the impregnated diamond drill bit tooth 32 are flush. Since the impregnated diamond drill bit tooth 32 is located at the front side of the rotation direction of the drill rod 1, the impregnated diamond drill bit tooth 32 plays a major crushing role at this time, realizing adaptive switching between the tungsten steel alloy drill bit tooth 33 and the impregnated diamond drill bit tooth 32 to ensure drilling efficiency.

[0036] A limit cavity 38 is provided in the middle of each of the diamond-impregnated drill teeth 32 and the tungsten steel alloy drill teeth 33. A limit plate 39 is fixedly installed in the accommodating cavity and passes through the limit cavity 38. The limit plate 39 cooperates with the limit cavity 38 to limit the telescopic movement of the diamond-impregnated drill teeth 32 and the tungsten steel alloy drill teeth 33, ensuring that the diamond-impregnated drill teeth 32 and the tungsten steel alloy drill teeth 33 will not fall off from the mounting shell 31 during the switching process.

[0037] The hydraulic medium is a non-Newtonian fluid, and the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid changes with the change of shear rate or shear stress. That is, it will show strong resistance when hit or impacted by the outside world, and may even become as hard as a solid. When drilling into soft rock formations, the non-Newtonian fluid will show a higher viscosity for the impact of a small amount of hard rocks on the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33. The hydraulic column 36 connected to the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 will not advance into the hydraulic chamber, and the buffer spring 4 can still play a buffering role. Only when drilling in hard rock formations, the continued hard rock formation combined with the increase in bit pressure will cause the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 to slowly retract into the mounting shell 31, pushing out the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32.

[0038] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0039] The drill rod 1 is connected to the output end of the drilling rig and can rotate and apply pressure. The rotation of the drill rod 1 provides rotational power, and the drill rod 1 applies downward pressure to form drilling pressure. The rotation of the drill rod 1 drives the drill bit sleeve 2 to rotate, so that multiple drill cutter assemblies 3 rotate around the axis of the drill rod 1 to drill holes. During drilling, when encountering local hard rock, the drill bit sleeve 2 is impacted and the buffer spring 4 contracts to achieve buffering of the impact force.

[0040] The surface layer of the soil is mainly composed of mud and soft rock layers, which are cut by the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33. When entering the hard rock layer, the cutting efficiency of the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 decreases, the drilling pressure applied by the drill rod 1 increases, and the positioning spring 37 is compressed, causing the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 to retract inward and the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 to extend outward until the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 and the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 are flush. Since the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 are located at the front side of the rotation direction of the drill rod 1, the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 play a major crushing role at this time, realizing adaptive switching between the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth 33 and the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth 32 to ensure drilling efficiency.

Claims

1. An adaptive soil drill bit, comprising a drill rod (1) connected to an output end of a drilling rig, characterized in that a drill bit sleeve (2) is installed at the bottom of the drill rod (1), an impact buffer mechanism is provided between the drill bit sleeve (2) and the drill rod (1), a plurality of drill bit assemblies (3) are equidistantly distributed at the end of the drill bit sleeve (2), the drill bit assembly (3) comprising a mounting shell (31) and diamond-impregnated drill teeth (32) and tungsten steel alloy drill teeth (33) slidably arranged in the mounting shell (31), an elastic adaptive telescopic structure for controlling the diamond-impregnated drill teeth (32) and tungsten steel alloy drill teeth (33) is provided in the mounting shell (31), the elastic adaptive telescopic structure enables the tungsten steel alloy drill teeth (33) to extend and break when drilling soft rock, and the diamond-impregnated drill teeth (32) to extend and break when drilling hard rock.

2. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact buffer mechanism comprises a connecting pipe (11) fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the drill rod (1) and having a C-shaped cross section with an opening facing inward, a connecting pipe (21) with a C-shaped cross section with an opening facing outward installed on the top of the drill bit sleeve (2), the connecting pipe (11) and the connecting pipe (21) are coaxially nested to form a sleeve structure capable of axial expansion and contraction, a pressure relief structure is provided at the overlapping portion of the connecting pipe (11) and the connecting pipe (21), and a buffer spring (4) is also installed between the connecting pipe (11) and the connecting pipe (21).

3. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure relief structure comprises a plurality of wedge-shaped teeth (12) fixedly arranged on the inner bottom surface of the connecting pipe (11), and a wedge-shaped tooth (22) adapted to the wedge-shaped tooth (12) is arranged on the inner top surface of the connecting pipe (21), and the wedge-shaped tooth (12) and the wedge-shaped tooth (22) are staggered and meshed.

4. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial movable travel of the connecting pipe 1 (11) and the connecting pipe 2 (21) is greater than the meshing height of the wedge-shaped tooth 1 (12) and the wedge-shaped tooth 2 (22).

5. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic adaptive telescopic structure includes a partition (34) fixedly arranged in the mounting shell (31), and the partition (34) divides the mounting shell (31) into a hydraulic chamber and a receiving chamber. Two sealing tubes (35) for connecting the hydraulic chamber and the receiving chamber are arranged on the partition (34). The hydraulic chamber is filled with a hydraulic medium. The diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth (32) and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth (33) are slidably arranged side by side in the receiving chamber. The tops of the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth (32) and the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth (33) are both equipped with hydraulic columns (36) that are sealingly and slidably connected to the sealing tube (35). A positioning spring (37) is arranged between the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth (33) and the partition (34). The positioning spring (37) makes the cutting end position of the tungsten steel alloy drill bit teeth (33) exceed the diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth (32) in the initial state.

6. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the drill rod (1) is in the direction of the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped tooth (12).

7. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diamond-impregnated drill bit teeth (32) are located on the front side of the drill rod (1) in the rotation direction.

8. The adaptive soil drill bit according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting cavity (38) is provided in the middle of each of the diamond-impregnated drill teeth (32) and the tungsten steel alloy drill teeth (33), and a limiting plate (39) penetrating the limiting cavity (38) is fixedly installed in the accommodating cavity.

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