Tunnel face blast hole mixed-diameter cartridge charging arrangement structure

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of underground engineering, and particularly relates to a mixed-diameter cartridge charging arrangement structure for a blast hole of a tunnel face. After the tunnel face is drilled through a multi-arm drill jumbo, peripheral holes are filled with emulsion explosives with the diameter of phi 32 mm, and auxiliary holes and slotting holes are filled with emulsion explosives with the diameter of phi 40 mm; compared with a traditional manual drilling and blasting method which completely adopts charging arrangement of emulsion explosives with the diameter phi being 32 mm, the large-diameter blasting device is more suitable for large-diameter blast holes of tunnel mechanical operation, the number of drilled holes in a tunnel face can be reduced, mechanical construction efficiency is improved, and application and popularization of mechanical corollary equipment are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of underground engineering, and in particular relates to a mixed-diameter charge arrangement structure for blastholes on a tunnel face. Background Art

[0002] Traditional tunnel drilling and blasting methods typically use handheld pneumatic drills. The diameter of the blastholes drilled by the steel drill is approximately 40 mm, and all blastholes are blasted with emulsion explosives with a diameter of 32 mm. However, after mechanized drilling using a multi-arm drilling rig, the diameter of the blastholes is approximately 50 mm due to the larger diameter of the drill rod carried by the rig. However, emulsion explosives with a diameter of 32 mm are still used for blasting on site. In other words, although the blasthole diameter increases after mechanized drilling, the charge arrangement and number of blastholes on the tunnel face are basically the same as those using manual drilling and blasting. This does not fully utilize the operational advantages of mechanized equipment, which is not conducive to the promotion of mechanized tunnel construction. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address these shortcomings, the present invention aims to provide a mixed-diameter charge arrangement for tunnel face blastholes. Primarily, after drilling holes at the tunnel face using a multi-arm drilling rig, the peripheral holes are charged with φ32mm diameter emulsion explosives, while the remaining blastholes are charged with φ40mm diameter emulsion explosives. Compared to traditional manual drilling and blasting charge arrangements, this design reduces the number of blastholes at the tunnel face and improves the efficiency of mechanized drilling and charging.

[0004] The utility model is achieved by constructing a mixed-diameter charge arrangement structure for blastholes on a tunnel face; the arrangement structure comprises: peripheral holes distributed along the contour of the tunnel face to form the outermost blastholes, a slot hole for the middlemost inclined blasthole, and an auxiliary hole located between the peripheral holes and the slot hole.

[0005] Furthermore, the peripheral holes are charged with uncoupled emulsion explosives with a diameter of φ32mm, while the auxiliary holes and slot holes are charged with continuous emulsion explosives with a diameter of φ40mm; the charging needs to be divided into pieces and groups and carried out from top to bottom.

[0006] Furthermore, after each blast hole is loaded with explosives, it is sealed with gun mud, with the blocking length not less than 400mm, and then connected in preparation for blasting.

[0007] Furthermore, the radius of the crushing zone of φ40mm emulsion explosive is about 1.42 times that of φ32mm emulsion explosive.

[0008] Furthermore, the holes around the face are charged at intervals, while the auxiliary holes and slot holes are charged continuously.

[0009] Furthermore, the blast holes are basically evenly arranged on the tunnel face, and the hole spacing between the blast holes is kept close to ensure the blasting efficiency of the explosives.

[0010] The utility model has the following advantages: It provides a mixed-diameter charge arrangement structure for blastholes on a tunnel face. After drilling holes on the tunnel face using a multi-arm drilling rig, the peripheral holes are charged with φ32mm diameter emulsion explosives, while the auxiliary holes and cutout holes are charged with φ40mm diameter emulsion explosives. Compared with traditional manual drilling and blasting charging structures, the utility model is more suitable for large-diameter blastholes in mechanized tunnel operations, can reduce the number of blastholes on the tunnel face, improve mechanized construction efficiency, and promote the widespread use of mechanized supporting equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is the plan layout of the blastholes on the tunnel face

[0012] Figure 2 The intention of the tunnel face charge structure layout

[0013] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of explosives rolls of different diameters

[0014] Among them: peripheral hole 1, auxiliary hole 2, slot hole 3, φ32mm emulsion explosive 4, taphole mud 5, φ40mm emulsion explosive 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the Figure 1-Figure 3 This utility model is described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0016] The utility model provides a mixed diameter charge arrangement structure for blastholes in a tunnel face, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it can be implemented as follows; mainly, after drilling holes on the tunnel face using a multi-arm drilling rig, the peripheral holes are charged with emulsion explosives with a diameter of φ32mm, and the remaining blast holes are charged with emulsion explosives with a diameter of φ40mm; compared with the traditional manual drilling and blasting charging arrangement, the utility model can reduce the number of blast holes on the tunnel face and improve the drilling and charging efficiency of mechanized operations.

[0017] The present utility model is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0018] After the tunnel face is drilled using a multi-arm drilling rig, the blasthole diameter is generally 50mm, which is larger than the blasthole diameter of a manual handheld pneumatic drill. Continuing to use the traditional charging arrangement (i.e., all blastholes are charged with φ32mm emulsion explosives) will inevitably affect the blasting effect. The blasthole arrangement structure in the utility model is as follows: the auxiliary holes and slot holes on the tunnel face are charged with φ40mm diameter emulsion explosives, while in order to control the smooth blasting effect and reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding rock, the peripheral holes are still charged with φ32mm diameter emulsion explosives. Figure 1 As shown. Among them, since the larger the diameter of the explosive, the larger the blasting, the smaller the number of explosive rolls required to achieve the same blasting effect. At the same time, in order to control the impact of the blasting vibration of the explosive on the tunnel surrounding rock and structure, the number of blast holes on the face should be reduced. According to relevant tests and theoretical calculation results, the radius of the crushing zone of φ40mm emulsion explosive is about 1.42 times that of φ32mm emulsion explosive. In the construction of two-lane tunnels on highways, the holes around the face account for about 35% of the total number of blast holes, and the remaining holes account for about 65%. Therefore, according to the principle of keeping the charging structure of the peripheral holes unchanged in this scheme, it is estimated that the number of blast holes in the utility model is reduced to 81% of the number of traditional manual schemes, a reduction of 19%. The holes around the face are charged at intervals, while the auxiliary holes and slot holes are charged continuously. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the specific charge amount for different blastholes can be determined through trial explosions. At the same time, the blastholes should be arranged basically evenly on the tunnel face, and the spacing between the blastholes should be kept close to ensure the blasting efficiency of the explosives.

[0019] The corresponding implementation steps for this application are:

[0020] (1) The tunnel face is drilled using a multi-arm drilling rig and then evacuated;

[0021] (2) Manual charging is performed using an excavation trolley. The outermost blastholes distributed along the contour of the tunnel face are peripheral holes 1, the two rows of inclined blastholes in the middle are slot holes 3, and the holes between the peripheral holes and the slot holes are auxiliary holes 2.

[0022] (3) The peripheral holes are charged with emulsion explosives 4 with a diameter of φ32mm for uncoupled charging, and the auxiliary holes and slot holes are charged with emulsion explosives 6 with a diameter of φ40mm for continuous charging. The charging must be carried out in pieces and groups, from top to bottom. The detonators must be "placed in the right place" and must be assigned to the designated person, location, and section. Random charging is not allowed.

[0023] (4) After each blasthole is loaded with explosives, it is sealed with blasting mud 5. The length of the blockage should not be less than 400 mm. Then the wires are connected and ready for blasting.

[0024] (5) The first use of this charge structure in a tunnel face requires several rounds of test blasting based on the traditional blasting plan, and the final blasting charge parameters are adjusted and determined based on the on-site results;

[0025] (6) When blasting the face, the relevant blasting safety regulations should be strictly observed to ensure the safety of the workers.

[0026] The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A mixed diameter cartridge charging arrangement structure for blastholes at a tunnel face, characterized in that: The arrangement structure comprises: peripheral holes (1) distributed along the tunnel face contour to form the outermost blastholes, a slot hole (3) forming the middlemost inclined blasthole, and an auxiliary hole (2) located between the peripheral holes (1) and the slot hole (3); An emulsion explosive (4) with a diameter of φ32 mm is set in the peripheral hole (1), and an emulsion explosive (6) with a diameter of φ40 mm is set in the auxiliary hole (2) and the cutout hole (3); Each blasthole is provided with blasthole mud (5) for plugging and sealing, and the plugging length is not less than 400 mm.

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