Device for goaf roadway failure mode model test
By designing loading devices and multiple monitoring methods, the problems of complex sample preparation and inaccurate monitoring in existing goaf tunnel failure mode model tests have been solved, and the true and accurate reproduction and efficient monitoring of goaf tunnel failure modes have been achieved, supporting mine safety assessment and tunnel support design.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422517689.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing model test device for failure mode of goaf tunnel is cumbersome and time-consuming to prepare samples, has gaps, complex structure and inconvenient operation, lacks automated monitoring, and cannot truly simulate the complex mechanical environment of underground goaf.
A device including a loading device, a micrometer displacement monitor, a strain gauge monitor, an optical fiber monitor, and a high-speed camera was designed. Using a micrometer with a magnetic base and an optical axis, and a strain gauge monitor with a Bragg grating optical fiber and light-curing adhesive, high-precision monitoring at multiple points, multiple axes, and multiple directions was achieved.
It achieves the true and accurate reproduction of the failure mode of goaf tunnels, provides high-precision monitoring data, improves the reliability and data richness of the test, saves time and cost, and supports mine safety assessment and tunnel support design.
Smart Images
Figure CN223346750U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of geological engineering, in particular to a device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels. Background Art
[0002] With the continuous development of the economy and the increasing demand for energy, the continued exploitation of various mineral deposits has led to the formation of numerous goafs within slopes. The emergence of goafs alters the slope's original stress environment, redistributes internal stresses, and undermines the integrity of the slope's rock mass. This often causes engineering geological problems such as surface subsidence, cracking, local collapse, and landslides, directly threatening the continued exploitation of mineral deposits and the safety of life and property of people living below the slope.
[0003] The study of failure modes of goaf tunnels is extremely important in the field of geological engineering. A thorough understanding of failure modes of goaf tunnels is of great significance to mine safety and tunnel support design. However, current model tests on failure modes of goaf tunnels have some shortcomings in terms of sample preparation methods and test equipment. These include a cumbersome and time-consuming sample preparation process, gaps in the slope models, complex test equipment structures, inconvenient operation, and a lack of automated monitoring methods. Furthermore, existing test equipment often fails to realistically and accurately simulate the complex mechanical environment of underground goafs and cannot meet the requirements of realistic failure modes. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to solve the problems of unrealistic observation of existing goaf tunnels, inaccurate monitoring equipment and lack of a complete set of goaf tunnel failure mode model test equipment, the utility model proposes a device for goaf tunnel failure mode model test to solve the above problems.
[0005] The present application discloses a device for model testing of failure modes of goaf roadways, characterized in that it comprises a loading device, the loading device comprising a reaction frame and a jack arranged on the reaction frame, the jack being connected to an oil pump;
[0006] The reaction frame includes two upper beams and two lower beams. The upper beams are provided with a micrometer displacement monitoring device. The two lower beams are provided with a base plate. The base plate is provided with a slope model. The surface of the slope model is provided with a strain gauge monitoring device. The interior of the slope model is provided with an optical fiber monitoring device.
[0007] Preferably, the slope model is composed of multiple rock layers, bridge piers are arranged on the rock layers, and goafs are arranged in the rock layers.
[0008] Preferably, the slope model is prepared by a sample preparation device, which includes an uncovered box, in which a plurality of thin plates are arranged to separate the rock mass, and on which pier molds and goaf molds are pasted for position taking.
[0009] Preferably, an I-beam is provided between the lower surfaces of the two upper beams of the reaction frame, a circular hole is provided in the middle of the I-beam, the diameter of the circular hole is larger than the diameter of the piston of the jack, the jack is inverted on the circular hole and the piston head is exposed, and the piston head of the jack is opposite to the upper surface of the pier.
[0010] Preferably, a hydraulic gauge is installed on the oil pump for reading.
[0011] Preferably, the micrometer displacement monitoring device includes a plurality of magnetic bases, which are arranged in pairs on the outside of the two upper beams of the reaction frame. A vertical optical axis is provided on each magnetic base, and the two relative vertical optical axes are connected by a transverse optical axis. The transverse optical axis and the vertical optical axis are connected by a base connecting chuck, and a micrometer is installed on the transverse optical axis through the base connecting chuck. Compared with the traditional mechanical clamping method, the combination of the magnetic base and the optical axis is more convenient and quick, and is relatively easy to install and disassemble, saving time and effort. By rationally using the magnetic base and the optical axis to install the micrometer, multi-point and multi-axis measurements can be achieved, thereby improving the richness and comprehensiveness of the experimental data.
[0012] Preferably, the strain gauge monitoring device includes multiple strain gauges attached to the surface of the slope model using a light-curing adhesive. These strain gauges are highly sensitive and precise, accurately monitoring minute deformations and strains on the surface of the model structure, providing precise monitoring data and capable of monitoring strain in multiple directions.
[0013] Preferably, the fiber optic monitoring device includes multiple Bragg grating fibers embedded between rock layers in the slope model. Bragg grating fibers offer advantages such as high precision, wide range, high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capabilities, and real-time monitoring. They can achieve high-precision strain monitoring, capturing minute strain changes. They are suitable for detailed monitoring of model structures and provide accurate strain monitoring data. They monitor strain along the entire length of the fiber, covering a wide range of the model structure and providing comprehensive, real-time monitoring data.
[0014] Preferably, the device for the goaf tunnel failure mode model test also includes a high-speed camera for recording the entire test process and clearly observing the failure morphology of the rock mass and surface around the tunnel, as well as being able to observe the microscopic details of the model failure, so as to better understand the failure mechanism of the goaf tunnel rock mass.
[0015] Beneficial effects of the utility model:
[0016] (1) The technical solution of the present invention can reproduce the failure mode of the goaf tunnel more realistically and accurately. For the solid model of the slope with an inclination angle, rock samples can be produced quickly and accurately, saving time and economic costs.
[0017] (2) The utility model can obtain more accurate and comprehensive data in the model test, improve the reliability of the test, and provide a powerful tool and basis for the study of the failure mechanism of goaf tunnels in geological engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the jack and oil pump according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope model structure of an embodiment of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sample preparation device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the I-beam and the jack in an embodiment of the utility model;
[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a strain gauge monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0026] The reference numerals are as follows:
[0027] 1-reaction frame, 101-upper beam, 102-lower beam, 103-base plate, 2-slope model, 201-bridge pier, 202-rock stratum, 203-goaf, 204-box, 205-thin plate, 3-jack, 4-oil pump, 501-magnetic base, 502-vertical optical axis, 503-horizontal optical axis, 504-micrometer, 601-strain gauge, 701-Bragg grating optical fiber, 8-I-beam, 801-round hole, 9-high-speed camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
[0029] The present application discloses a device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels, such as Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, it includes a loading device, which includes a reaction frame 1 and a jack 3 arranged on the reaction frame 1, and the jack 3 is connected to an oil pump 4.
[0030] The reaction frame 1 includes two upper beams 101 and two lower beams 102. A micrometer displacement monitoring device is provided on the upper beams 101, and a base plate 103 is provided on the two lower beams 102. A slope model 2 is provided on the base plate 103. A strain gauge monitoring device is provided on the surface of the slope model 2, and an optical fiber monitoring device is provided inside the slope model 2.
[0031] The slope model 2 is composed of multiple rock layers 202, on which bridge piers 201 are arranged, and in which goaf 203 is arranged. In this embodiment, the slope model 2 is prepared by a sample preparation device through integral casting and detailed printing. Taking the slope model 2 with an inclination angle of 21° as an example, the following is constructed: Figure 3 The slope model 2 shown is a slope model with an inclination of 21° and a goaf. The sample preparation device used is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the sample preparation device includes a coverless box 204, in which a plurality of thin plates 205 are provided to separate the rock mass so as to facilitate the handling of the material after demoulding. Figure 6 The 3D printed pier mold and goaf mold shown are used to take up space and then cast as a whole.
[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, a No. 14 I-beam 8 is positioned between the lower surfaces of the two upper crossbeams 101 of the reaction frame 1 in the loading device. A circular hole 801 is defined in the center of the I-beam 8. The diameter of the hole 801 is larger than the diameter of the piston of the jack 3. The jack 3 is placed upside down on the hole 801, exposing its piston head. The piston head of the jack 3 faces the upper surface of the pier 201. An oil pump 4 is placed on a flat surface or base plate 103 for easy loading. A hydraulic pressure gauge is mounted on the oil pump 4 for readings. Loading is performed manually on the oil pump 4, and the jack 3 pushes the piston downward, applying pressure to the top surface of the pier 201 in the slope model 2. The hydraulic pressure gauge readings are recorded throughout the process, facilitating post-test data processing and loading curve drawing. This loading device offers high flexibility and easy operation. It can be adjusted as needed to meet diverse testing requirements. It provides stable loading and release forces, ensuring a stable loading state during the test, effectively protecting the test equipment and ensuring experimental accuracy. It is also cost-effective.
[0033] like Figure 6As shown, the micrometer displacement monitoring device includes multiple magnetic bases 501, which are positioned opposite each other on the outside of the two upper beams 101 of the reaction frame 1. Each magnetic base 501 is provided with a vertical optical axis 502. The two opposing vertical optical axes 502 are connected by a transverse optical axis 503, on which a micrometer 504 is mounted. The vertical and transverse optical axes 502 and 503 are connected by a base connecting chuck, and the micrometer 504 is also mounted on the transverse optical axis 503 via the base connecting chuck. This micrometer monitoring device offers the advantages of flexibility, high precision, non-destructiveness, and ease of installation and use. The magnetic base 501 can be easily fixed on the reaction frame 1, and the optical axis can make the position of the micrometer 504 accurately align with the measured point, making the position adjustment of the micrometer 504 more flexible and convenient; the use of optical axis technology can ensure the accuracy of the installation position of the micrometer 504 relative to the measured point, which is conducive to improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data; the magnetic base 501 and the optical axis installation of the micrometer 504 is a non-destructive monitoring method, which will not cause additional damage to the measured structure and can effectively protect the integrity of the measured structure; compared with the traditional mechanical clamping method, the combination of the magnetic base 501 and the optical axis is more convenient and quick, and is relatively easy to install and disassemble, saving time and effort; by reasonably using the magnetic base 501 and the optical axis installation of the micrometer 504, multi-point and multi-axis measurements can be achieved, thereby improving the richness and comprehensiveness of the experimental data.
[0034] like Figure 7 As shown, the strain gauge monitoring device includes multiple strain gauges 601. These strain gauges 601 are attached to the surface of the slope model 2 where strain may occur using a light-curing adhesive and connected to a strain gauge to monitor strain data. Strain gauges 601 are highly sensitive and precise, accurately monitoring minute deformations and strains on the surface of the model structure, providing precise monitoring data and capable of monitoring strain in multiple directions. This strain monitoring method does not compromise the integrity of the surface of the slope model 2, making it a non-destructive monitoring method that does not affect the test results. The light-curing adhesive bonding process is very gentle, causing no additional damage to the surface of the slope model 2. It also provides high bonding strength, ensuring that the strain gauges are firmly attached to the surface of the slope model 2 and are not easily dislodged or shifted, thus ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring data.
[0035] like Figure 8As shown, the fiber optic monitoring device includes multiple Bragg grating optical fibers 701, which are embedded between rock layers 202 of slope model 2 to monitor the strain of slope model 2. Bragg grating optical fibers 701 have the advantages of high precision, wide range, high sensitivity, strong anti-interference ability, and real-time monitoring. They can achieve high-precision strain monitoring and capture tiny strain changes, making them suitable for detailed monitoring of model structures and providing accurate strain monitoring data. They can monitor strain along the entire length of the optical fiber, covering a wide range of model structures and providing comprehensive and real-time monitoring data. In addition, they have good resistance to electromagnetic interference and corrosion, enabling long-term and stable strain monitoring in complex geological environments.
[0036] The apparatus for the goaf tunnel failure mode model test of the embodiment of the present application also includes a high-speed camera 9 for recording the entire test process and clearly observing the failure morphology of the rock mass and surface surrounding the tunnel, as well as being able to observe the microscopic details of the model failure, so as to better understand the failure mechanism of the goaf tunnel rock mass. The high-speed camera 9 has the advantages of high resolution, precise measurement and visualization. It can record at a high frame rate, capture the instantaneous rock mass failure process, and present it intuitively in the form of video, which is conducive to intuitive analysis of changes such as failure stress and crack expansion, enhances the understanding of rock mass failure mode, and provides important technical means and data support for studying the failure mode of goaf tunnels.
[0037] Therefore, the device for model testing of goaf tunnel failure modes disclosed in the embodiments of this application has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation, precise loading, accurate data, and clear observation. Through this device, the mechanical environment within the underground goaf can be effectively simulated, providing an ideal test platform for studying goaf tunnel failure modes, and has broad application prospects in mine safety assessment and tunnel support design.
[0038] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels, characterized in that: The loading device comprises a reaction frame (1) and a jack (3) arranged on the reaction frame, wherein the jack (3) is connected to an oil pump (4); The reaction frame (1) comprises two upper crossbeams (101) and two lower crossbeams (102); a micrometer displacement monitoring device is provided on the upper crossbeams (101); a bottom plate (103) is provided on the two lower crossbeams (102); a slope model (2) is provided on the bottom plate (103); a strain gauge monitoring device is provided on the surface of the slope model (2); and an optical fiber monitoring device is provided inside the slope model (2).
2. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope model (2) is composed of a plurality of rock layers (202), a bridge pier (201) is arranged on the rock layers (202), and a goaf (203) is arranged in the rock layers (202).
3. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slope model (2) is prepared by a sample preparation device, which includes a coverless box (204). A plurality of thin plates (205) are arranged in the box (204) to separate the rock mass. A pier mold and a goaf mold are also pasted on the box (204) for occupying space.
4. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: An I-beam (8) is provided between the lower surfaces of the two upper crossbeams (101) of the reaction frame (1), and a circular hole (801) is provided in the middle of the I-beam (8). The diameter of the circular hole (801) is larger than the diameter of the piston of the jack (3). The jack (3) is inverted on the circular hole (801) and the piston head is exposed. The piston head of the jack (3) is opposite to the upper surface of the pier (201).
5. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hydraulic pressure gauge is installed on the oil pump (4).
6. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The micrometer displacement monitoring device comprises a plurality of magnetic bases (501), wherein the magnetic bases (501) are arranged opposite to each other on the outside of two upper beams (101) of the reaction frame (1), and each magnetic base (501) is provided with a vertical optical axis (502), and the two opposite vertical optical axes (502) are connected by a transverse optical axis (503), and a micrometer (504) is provided on the transverse optical axis (503).
7. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The strain gauge monitoring device comprises a plurality of strain gauges (601), and the strain gauges (601) are adhered to the surface of the slope model (2) by light-curing adhesive.
8. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The optical fiber monitoring device comprises a plurality of Bragg grating optical fibers (701), wherein the Bragg grating optical fibers (701) are buried between rock layers (202) of a slope model (2).
9. The device for model testing of failure modes of goaf tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that: A high-speed camera (9) is also included to record the entire test process.