Electrolyzed water deuterium enrichment system
By combining a multi-stage PEM electrolysis module with a fuel cell system, the problems of high energy consumption and environmental pollution in the existing deuterium oxide preparation technology are solved, and an efficient, safe and energy-saving deuterium enrichment effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422849760.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing electrolysis and chemical exchange methods for preparing deuterium oxide have problems such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, and environmental pollution. In particular, the chemical exchange method uses the highly toxic substance hydrogen sulfide and is harmful to the environment.
It uses multi-stage coupled PEM electrolysis modules in series, combined with energy storage power supply and fuel cell system, to electrolyze water through proton exchange membrane and recycle hydrogen and oxygen to achieve deuterium enrichment and energy recovery.
The method achieves efficient and environmentally friendly improvement of deuterium oxide concentration, reduces production costs, reduces the use of toxic substances and carbon emissions, and has the advantage of high safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN223417050U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electrolysis, and in particular to a deuterium enrichment system for electrolyzing water. Background Art
[0002] Deuterium oxide (D2O), commonly known as heavy water or deuterated water, is a compound composed of deuterium (a stable isotope of hydrogen) and oxygen. Its physical properties are similar to those of ordinary water (H2O), but its density, melting point, and boiling point are all higher. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, deuterium oxide has important applications in biochemical research, medicine, and nuclear energy. For example, it can be used as a moderator in nuclear reactors and as a tracer in chemical and biological research. Deuterium oxide is extremely rare in nature, accounting for approximately 0.015% of all water. Therefore, most deuterium oxide comes from artificial sources.
[0003] Deuterium oxide can be produced through a variety of methods, including electrolysis, distillation, and chemical exchange. By exchanging hydrogen and deuterium under specific conditions, deuterium is concentrated and high-purity deuterium oxide is ultimately produced. Among the commonly used methods, the electrolysis of natural water has the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency, and poor economic efficiency. The chemical exchange method, which is mainly based on the hydrogen sulfide double-temperature exchange method (GS method), requires the use of a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, which is not only highly toxic but also highly corrosive and requires secondary treatment. In addition to having high requirements for the safety of the equipment, it also has the defects of high carbon emissions and is not environmentally friendly. Utility Model Content
[0004] The problem solved by the utility model is how to increase the concentration of deuterium oxide in a more energy-saving and environmentally friendly manner.
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis.
[0006] The utility model provides a deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis, including an energy storage power supply, an electrolytic cell system and a fuel cell system;
[0007] The energy storage power supply is used to supply power to the electrolyzer system;
[0008] The electrolyzer system includes multiple stages of PEM electrolysis modules coupled in series;
[0009] The fuel cell system is configured to charge the energy storage power source using the product of the PEM electrolysis module.
[0010] The utility model discloses a beneficial effect is: PEM electrolytic module adopts proton exchange membrane as electrolyte, raw material conversion rate is high, sets up energy storage power supply and supplies power for electrolytic cell system, through the series connection of multiple PEM electrolytic modules, electrolysis is carried out repeatedly to the surplus material, utilize the nature that deuterium oxide is difficult to electrolyze than ordinary water to constantly improve the deuterium concentration in raw material water. Meanwhile, the large amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolysis can also become the raw material of fuel cell, and hydrogen and oxygen react to regenerate water in the fuel cell, which can recycle the electrolytic raw material, and the electric energy generated by the reaction can also charge the energy storage power supply, which is environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and reduces the consumption of external electrolytic raw material and electric energy.
[0011] Optionally, the PEM electrolytic module comprises a water storage device and an electrolytic cell, the water storage device is configured to deliver raw material to the electrolytic cell, the water storage device is used to store raw water, and the electrolytic cell is in communication with the water storage device of the adjacent next-stage PEM electrolytic module.
[0012] Optionally, a gas-liquid separation device is arranged between the fuel cell system and the electrolytic cell, the gas-liquid separation device is configured to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell system and make the surplus liquid flow back to the water storage device.
[0013] Optionally, the gas-liquid separation device comprises a refrigerating machine and a separation membrane, the refrigerating machine is used to cool to liquefy water vapor, and the separation membrane is used to block water molecules to purify hydrogen.
[0014] Optionally, the water storage device comprises an anode water tank and a cathode water tank, the anode water tank is in communication with the raw water or the electrolytic cell of the previous-stage PEM electrolytic module, the cathode water tank is used to receive the surplus liquid from the gas-liquid separation device, and the anode water tank and the cathode water tank jointly supply raw material to the electrolytic cell.
[0015] Optionally, an oxygen collecting device is arranged on the anode water tank.
[0016] Optionally, the fuel cell system comprises a plurality of graphite stacks, and the graphite stacks are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the PEM electrolytic modules.
[0017] Optionally, the fuel cell system further comprises a battery water tank, the battery water tank is connected downstream of the graphite stacks, and a return pipeline is connected between the battery water tank and the PEM electrolytic module, the return pipeline is configured to deliver water in the battery water tank to the PEM electrolytic module.
[0018] Optionally, a pure water system is further included, and the pure water system is arranged upstream of the electrolytic cell system and is used to purify raw material.
[0019] Optionally, the pure water system includes a water pump and a deionized water tank in communication, the water pump is configured to deliver raw water into the deionized water tank, and the deionized water tank is connected to the PEM electrolysis module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of the deuterium enrichment system for electrolyzed water according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 2 This is a working flow diagram of the deuterium enrichment system for electrolyzed water according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0022] Description of reference numerals:
[0023] 1. Energy storage power supply; 11. Timing control module; 2. Electrolyzer system; 21. PEM electrolysis module; 211. Water storage device; 2111. Anode water tank; 2112. Cathode water tank; 212. Electrolyzer; 22. Gas-liquid separation device; 221. Air conditioner; 222. Isolation membrane; 23. Oxygen collection device; 3. Fuel cell system; 31. Graphite stack; 32. Battery water tank; 33. Return pipe; 4. Pure water system; 41. Water pump; 42. Deionized water tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] The term "including" and its variations used in this document are open inclusions, that is, "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one other embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc. mentioned in this utility model are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.
[0026] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "multiple" mentioned in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".
[0027] PEM electrolysis, also known as proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEM), is a water electrolysis technology that uses a solid proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte. During PEM electrolysis, water molecules undergo oxidation at the anode, releasing oxygen and protons (H+). These protons travel through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, where they receive electrons and are reduced to hydrogen.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis, comprising an energy storage power supply 1, an electrolyzer system 2 and a fuel cell system 3; the energy storage power supply 1 is used to supply power to the electrolyzer system 2; the electrolyzer system 2 includes a multi-stage coupled PEM electrolysis module 21 in series; the fuel cell system 3 is configured to use the product of the PEM electrolysis module 21 to charge the energy storage power supply 1.
[0029] Specifically, due to the action of the proton exchange membrane, hydrogen and oxygen are effectively isolated inside the electrolyzer 212, thereby ensuring the high purity of the hydrogen. Originally, PEM electrolysis technology was mainly used in the field of hydrogen production, with hydrogen as the main product. This embodiment utilizes the efficient decomposition of water by PEM electrolysis technology and the fact that deuterium oxide is more difficult to electrolyze than ordinary water. The multi-stage PEM electrolysis modules 21 are coupled in series, and the water molecules in the raw material are consumed by repeated hydrolysis, thereby continuously increasing the deuterium concentration in the residual liquid. While producing hydrogen, a higher concentration of deuterium oxide is obtained, thereby effectively increasing the added value of the product.
[0030] In this embodiment, the electrolyzer system 2 includes a total of 5 stages of PEM electrolysis modules 21. Figure 1 The electrolysis modules are labeled PEM1 to PEM5. The deuterium oxide concentration obtained through five-stage PEM electrolysis can fully meet product requirements.
[0031] To make the deuterium production process more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, in addition to using external electrical energy, this embodiment also includes a fuel cell system 3 to charge the energy storage power supply 1. The large amounts of hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolysis can serve as fuel cells. Hydrogen and oxygen react within the fuel cell to regenerate water, recycling the electrolysis feedstock. The electricity generated by the reaction can also be used to charge the energy storage power supply 1, resulting in environmentally friendly and energy-saving features, reduced consumption of external electrolysis feedstock and electricity, and lower economic costs.
[0032] In addition, the raw materials, products and reaction processes of this system do not produce toxic or harmful substances, and it also has the advantage of high safety.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the PEM electrolysis module 21 includes a water storage device 211 and an electrolytic cell 212. The water storage device 211 stores raw water. The electrolytic cell 212 is connected to the water storage device 211 of the next-stage PEM electrolysis module 21 through a pipeline, so that the residual material after the previous-stage electrolysis can continue to be used as electrolysis raw material.
[0034] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, H2O represents water, H 2 represents hydrogen, O 2 Representing oxygen, a gas-liquid separator 22 is provided between the fuel cell system 3 and the electrolytic cell 212. The gas-liquid separator 22 is configured to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell system 3 and return the remaining liquid to the water storage device 211. The water storage device 211 includes an anode water tank 2111 and a cathode water tank 2112. The anode water tank 2111 is connected to the raw water or the electrolytic cell 212 of the previous PEM electrolysis module 21. The cathode water tank 2112 receives the remaining liquid from the gas-liquid separator 22. The anode water tank 2111 and the cathode water tank 2112 jointly supply the raw water to the electrolytic cell 212.
[0035] Specifically, the anode of the electrolytic cell 212 produces oxygen and the cathode produces hydrogen. A cathode water tank 2112 and an anode water tank 2111 are provided to facilitate the separate collection of hydrogen and oxygen. The anode water tank 2111 of the PEM1 electrolytic cell 212 is directly connected to the external raw water, i.e. Figure 2 When the middle W is connected, the anode water tank 2111 of the PEM2-PEM5 electrolyzer 212 is connected to the upper electrolyzer 212 respectively, and the cathode water tank 2112 is connected to the gas-liquid separation device 22, so as to collect the remaining water after the hydrogen is purified.
[0036] Optionally, an oxygen collection device 23 may be provided on the anode water tank 2111 to further achieve gas-liquid separation. The collected oxygen may be directly made into a product, or may be reintroduced into the fuel cell system 3 as a raw material.
[0037] Optionally, the gas-liquid separation device 22 includes an air cooler 221 and an isolation membrane 222. The air cooler 221 liquefies the water vapor in the mixed gas by cooling it, initially screening the hydrogen, and then uses the isolation membrane 222 to block water molecules and further purify the hydrogen, allowing the fuel cell system 3 to use cleaner raw materials.
[0038] Optionally, the system further includes a pure water system 4 , which is disposed upstream of the electrolytic cell system 2 . Ordinary water is filtered and purified by the pure water system 4 to remove impurities and obtain pure water, thereby improving electrolysis efficiency.
[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pure water system 4 includes a water pump 41 and a deionized water tank 42. The water pump 41 has two input ports, each connected to the anode water tank 2111 and the cathode water tank 2112. The water pump 41 extracts water from the anode water tank 2111 and the cathode water tank 2112 as raw material and delivers it to the deionized water tank 42. The deionized water tank 42 further purifies the raw material before delivering it to the PEM electrolyzer 212.
[0040] Optionally, the fuel cell system 3 includes a plurality of graphite stacks 31, each of which corresponds to a PEM electrolysis module 21. The fuel cell system 3 also includes a battery water tank 32, which is connected downstream of the graphite stack 31. A return pipe 33 is connected between the battery water tank 32 and the PEM electrolysis module 21. The return pipe 33 is configured to transport water in the battery water tank 32 to the PEM electrolysis module 21.
[0041] Specifically, since the graphite stack 31 also uses a proton membrane as the electrolyte and has the same raw material purity requirements as the PEM, the fuel cell system 3 preferably uses the graphite stack 31, which can achieve material exchange between the fuel cell system 3 and the PEM electrolysis module 21 under simpler conditions.
[0042] The graphite fuel cell stack 31 uses graphite as the electrode material, taking advantage of the good electrical conductivity and chemical stability of graphite, and can improve the power generation efficiency and durability of the fuel cell system 3.
[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage power supply 1 and the external power grid, that is, Figure 1 The energy storage power supply 1 is connected in the middle O, and a timing control module 11 is provided in the energy storage power supply 1. The timing control module 11 can cut off the connection between the energy storage power supply 1 and the power grid during peak power periods, so that the energy storage power supply 1 can use electricity in off-peak hours, realize valley power storage and peak power production, and further reduce production costs.
[0044] The implementation principle of the deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis in this embodiment is as follows: ordinary water containing a certain concentration of deuterium is purified by the pure water system 4 and then enters the electrolytic cell 212 of the PEM electrolysis module 21. The PEM1 electrolytic cell 212 decomposes a portion of the pure water into hydrogen, oxygen and deuterium through electrolysis, and the remaining raw materials flow into the PEM2 electrolytic cell 212 for further electrolysis. The operation is repeated multiple times, and the remaining un-electrolyzed water is added as raw water to the subsequent PEM electrolytic cells 212 at each level for further electrolysis, thereby ultimately achieving a significant increase in the deuterium concentration in the water; at the same time, hydrogen and oxygen react through the fuel cell system 3 to regenerate water, and flow back to the water storage device 211 of the PEM electrolysis module 21 as a supplementary raw material. In this process, the electricity generated by the stack charges the energy storage power supply 1. This embodiment achieves the effects of energy saving, environmental protection, and efficient deuterium production.
[0045] Although the utility model discloses as above, the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this only.The person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these changes and modifications will all fall into the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis, characterized in that: It includes an energy storage power supply (1), an electrolyzer system (2) and a fuel cell system (3); The energy storage power supply (1) is used to supply power to the electrolytic cell system (2); The electrolytic cell system (2) comprises a multi-stage PEM electrolytic module (21) coupled in series; The fuel cell system (3) is configured to charge the energy storage power source (1) using the product of the PEM electrolysis module (21).
2. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PEM electrolysis module (21) includes a water storage device (211) and an electrolytic cell (212). The water storage device (211) is configured to transport raw materials to the electrolytic cell (212). The water storage device (211) is used to store raw water. The electrolytic cell (212) is connected to the water storage device (211) of the adjacent next-level PEM electrolysis module (21).
3. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gas-liquid separation device (22) is provided between the fuel cell system (3) and the electrolytic cell (212), and the gas-liquid separation device (22) is configured to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell system (3) and allow the remaining liquid to flow back to the water storage device (211).
4. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gas-liquid separation device (22) comprises a cooler (221) and an isolation membrane (222). The cooler (221) is used for cooling to liquefy water vapor, and the isolation membrane (222) is used for blocking water molecules to purify hydrogen.
5. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water storage device (211) includes an anode water tank (2111) and a cathode water tank (2112). The anode water tank (2111) is connected to the raw water or the electrolytic cell (212) of the adjacent upper-level PEM electrolysis module (21). The cathode water tank (2112) is used to receive the residual liquid from the gas-liquid separation device (22). The anode water tank (2111) and the cathode water tank (2112) jointly supply raw materials to the electrolytic cell (212).
6. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anode water tank (2111) is provided with an oxygen collecting device (23).
7. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell system (3) comprises a plurality of graphite stacks (31), and the graphite stacks (31) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the PEM electrolysis modules (21).
8. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fuel cell system (3) further comprises a battery water tank (32), wherein the battery water tank (32) is connected downstream of the graphite stack (31), and a return pipe (33) is connected between the battery water tank (32) and the PEM electrolysis module (21), wherein the return pipe (33) is configured to transport water in the battery water tank (32) to the PEM electrolysis module (21).
9. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a pure water system (4), wherein the pure water system (4) is arranged upstream of the electrolytic cell system (2), and the pure water system (4) is used for purifying raw materials.
10. The deuterium enrichment system for water electrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pure water system (4) includes a water pump (41) and a deionized water tank (42) in communication. The water pump (41) is configured to transport raw water into the deionized water tank (42). The deionized water tank (42) is connected to the PEM electrolysis module (21).