Quantum measurement and control system and quantum computer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a quantum measurement and control system and a quantum computer. The quantum measurement and control system comprises a measurement and control device located outside refrigeration equipment. One end of each quantum measurement and control link is electrically connected with the measurement and control device, and the other end of each quantum measurement and control link penetrates through a plurality of temperature zones of the refrigeration equipment to be electrically connected with the quantum chip in the lowest temperature zone; the quantum measurement and control link comprises an XY control signal link and a read signal input link; the plurality of temperature zones comprise a first temperature zone, at least one intermediate temperature zone and a lowest temperature zone of which the temperatures are sequentially reduced; any XY control signal link and the reading signal input link are respectively provided with a first attenuator and a second attenuator, the first attenuator is located in an intermediate temperature zone, the second attenuator is located in a lowest temperature zone, and the sum of attenuation values of the first attenuator and the second attenuator on any quantum measurement and control link is greater than or equal to the total attenuation amount required by the quantum measurement and control link. Through reasonable arrangement of the first attenuator and the second attenuator, thermal noise on a quantum measurement and control circuit is reduced, quantum bit coherence time is improved, and quantum calculation precision is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to quantum computer technical field, in particular to quantum control system and quantum computer. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum computation is a new type of computation mode that regulates basic information units to carry out computation according to quantum mechanics law.The basic information unit of classical computation is a classical bit, and the basic information unit of quantum computation is a quantum bit.The classical bit can only be in one state, i.e., 0 or 1, while the state of the quantum bit can be in a superposition state of multiple possibilities based on the superposition principle of quantum mechanical state, so the computation efficiency of quantum computation is much higher than that of classical computation.

[0003] The quantum chip, which is the core computing element of the superconducting quantum computer, needs to work in an extremely low temperature environment, such as millikelvin temperature, and is generally provided with an extremely low temperature environment by a dilution refrigeration device, and is installed in the bottom layer with the lowest temperature in the dilution refrigeration device.In order to control and measure the quantum chip in the bottom layer, a line carrying quantum control signals needs to enter the inside of the dilution refrigeration device, and sequentially pass through each cold disc of the dilution refrigeration device and connect with the quantum chip in the bottom layer temperature zone.These lines for controlling and measuring the quantum bits in the quantum chip are called quantum control links.When the control signals are transmitted on the quantum control links, thermal noise is generated, which affects the quantum bit coherence time and further affects the precision of quantum computation of the quantum chip.Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved to reduce the influence of thermal noise generated by the quantum control link on the quantum chip to improve the precision of quantum computation.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of the present application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background of the present application, and should not be regarded as acknowledging or implying in any form that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0005] The utility model discloses a quantum control system and quantum computer, reduce the thermal noise on quantum control line, improve the precision of quantum computation.

[0006] In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] The utility model discloses a quantum control system, comprising:

[0008] The control device is located outside the refrigeration device.

[0009] A plurality of quantum control links, one end of which is electrically connected to the control device, and the other end of which passes through a plurality of temperature zones in the refrigeration equipment and is electrically connected to the quantum chip in the lowest temperature zone; the quantum control link includes an XY control signal link and a read signal input link;

[0010] The plurality of temperature zones include a first temperature zone, at least one intermediate temperature zone, and a lowest temperature zone, the temperatures of which decrease in turn;

[0011] A first attenuator and a second attenuator are arranged on any of the XY control signal link and the read signal input link, the first attenuator is located in the intermediate temperature zone, the second attenuator is located in the lowest temperature zone, and the sum of the attenuation values of the first attenuator and the second attenuator on any of the quantum control links is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the quantum control link.

[0012] The quantum control system as described above, further, the plurality of quantum control links further include a plurality of Z control signal links, a third attenuator is arranged on any of the Z control signal links, the third attenuator is located in the intermediate temperature zone, and the attenuation value of the third attenuator is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the Z control signal link.

[0013] The quantum control system as described above, further, a band-limited filter is further arranged on any of the XY control signal link, the read signal input link, and the Z control signal link, and the band-limited filter is located in the lowest temperature zone;

[0014] One end of the band-limited filter on any of the XY control signal link and the read signal input link is electrically connected to the quantum chip, and the other end of the band-limited filter is electrically connected to the second attenuator;

[0015] One end of the band-limited filter on any of the Z control signal links is electrically connected to the quantum chip, and the other end of the band-limited filter is electrically connected to the third attenuator.

[0016] The quantum control system as described above, further, the band-limited filter on any of the XY control signal link and the read signal input link is a band-pass filter;

[0017] The band-limited filter on any of the Z control signal links is a low-pass filter.

[0018] The quantum control system as described above, further, an infrared filter is further arranged on any of the XY control signal link, the read signal input link, and the Z control signal link, the infrared filter is located in the lowest temperature zone, and the infrared filter is electrically connected between the quantum chip and the band-limited filter.

[0019] The quantum control system as described above, further, any one of the XY control signal link, the reading signal input link and the Z control signal link is further provided with a fourth attenuator with an attenuation value of 0;

[0020] The fourth attenuator is located in the lowest temperature area and electrically connected between the infrared filter and the quantum chip; the fourth attenuator is integrated on a heat conduction member which is fixed on a cold plate of the lowest temperature area.

[0021] The quantum control system as described above, further, the first attenuator is integrated on a first heat sink which is mounted on a cold plate of the intermediate temperature area;

[0022] The second attenuator is integrated on a second heat sink which is mounted on a cold plate of the lowest temperature area;

[0023] The third attenuator is integrated on a third heat sink which is mounted on a cold plate of the intermediate temperature area.

[0024] The quantum control system as described above, further, a first heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the first heat sink and the first attenuator;

[0025] A second heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the second heat sink and the second attenuator;

[0026] A third heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the third heat sink and the third attenuator.

[0027] The quantum control system as described above, further, the Z control signal link comprises a superconducting wire, and the superconducting wire is located in the intermediate temperature area.

[0028] The second aspect of the utility model provides a quantum computer, comprising the above

[0029] The quantum control system and the quantum chip located in the refrigeration equipment, the quantum chip is used for receiving the control signal of measurement and control of the quantum control system output and executes quantum computing task.

[0030] The utility model has the advantages that:

[0031] The first attenuator and the second attenuator are arranged in the intermediate temperature area and the lowest temperature area respectively, and the sum of the attenuation values of the first attenuator and the second attenuator on any one of the quantum control links is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the quantum control link, so that the heat noise transmitted from room temperature is effectively inhibited, the influence of the heat noise generated by the attenuation of the attenuator itself on the environment temperature of the lowest temperature area is reduced, the quantum bit coherence time is improved, and the precision of quantum computing is improved.

[0032] The splicing line and the quantum measurement and control line provided by the utility model have the same beneficial effects as the interconnection structure described above, and thus will not be described here again. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the quantum measurement and control line provided by the utility model embodiment Figure One

[0034] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the quantum measurement and control line provided by the utility model embodiment Figure Two

[0035] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the quantum measurement and control line provided by the utility model embodiment Figure Three

[0036] In the drawing marks: 10, measurement and control device;20, quantum chip;30, XY control signal link;40, read signal input link;50, Z control signal link;60, first attenuator;70, second attenuator;80, third attenuator;90, fourth attenuator;100, band pass filter;110, low pass filter;120, infrared filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the technical scheme in the present application, the technical scheme in the present application will be described clearly and completely in the following with reference to the drawings in the present application embodiment, obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiment in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application. The embodiment described below by referring to the drawings is exemplary, only for explaining the present application, and cannot be explained as the limitation of the present application.

[0038] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawing, only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and not indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, a particular orientation and operation, therefore, it cannot be understood as the limitation of the utility model.

[0039] ​​​In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh" and "eighth" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh" and "eighth" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] Figure 1 Structure diagram of quantum measurement and control circuit provided by the utility model embodiment Figure One ; As Figure 1 shown: the utility model embodiment discloses a kind of quantum measurement and control circuit, comprising:

[0041] Measurement and control device 10 located outside refrigeration equipment;Multiple quantum measurement and control links, one end is electrically connected with the measurement and control device 10, the other end passes through multiple temperature zones of the refrigeration equipment, and is electrically connected with quantum chip 20 in the lowest temperature zone;Quantum measurement and control link includes XY control signal link 30 and reading signal input link 40;Multiple temperature zones include first temperature zone, at least one intermediate temperature zone and lowest temperature zone in turn decreasing temperature;First attenuator 60 and second attenuator 70 are provided on any XY control signal link 30 and reading signal input link 40, the first attenuator 60 is located in the intermediate temperature zone, and the second attenuator 70 is located in the lowest temperature zone, and the sum of attenuation values of the first attenuator 60 and the second attenuator 70 on any quantum measurement and control link is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the quantum measurement and control link.

[0042] In the embodiment, the signal intensity ratio of the signal source of high-frequency signal provided for each XY control signal link 30 and each reading signal input link 40 in measurement and control device 10 is greater than the intensity that quantum chip 20 can bear, and the thermal noise generated by the signal source at room temperature will also be transmitted to quantum chip 20 through quantum measurement and control link, therefore, by setting attenuator on the link, not only the intensity of signal is reduced, but also the reduction of signal intensity will reduce the temperature rise of quantum measurement and control link caused by signal itself, and further reduce thermal noise.

[0043] Furthermore, because the XY control signal link 30 and the read signal input link 40 transmit high-frequency signals, the required total attenuation A exceeds 30 dB. If each XY control signal link 30 and each read signal input link 40 were equipped with an attenuator with attenuation A in the lowest temperature zone, while this would be most effective in suppressing thermal noise transmitted from room temperature, the thermal noise generated by the attenuator's own heat generation would also seriously affect the cooling effect of the MC cold plate in the lowest temperature zone, thereby affecting the temperature of the lowest temperature zone. In this embodiment, by installing a first attenuator 60 and a second attenuator 70 on any of the XY control signal links 30 and the read signal input link 40, with the first attenuator 60 and the second attenuator 70 being respectively arranged in the intermediate temperature zone and the lowest temperature zone, and the sum of the attenuation values ​​of the first attenuator 60 and the second attenuator 70 on any quantum measurement and control link being greater than or equal to the total attenuation required for that quantum measurement and control link, this not only effectively suppresses thermal noise transmitted from room temperature but also reduces the impact of the thermal noise generated by the self-heating of all attenuators on the ambient temperature of the lowest temperature zone, thereby improving the coherence time of the qubits and, consequently, the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0044] Continue as Figure 1 As shown, the multiple quantum measurement and control links also include multiple Z control signal links 50, and any of the Z control signal links 50 is provided with a third attenuator 80, which is located in the intermediate temperature zone, and the attenuation value of the third attenuator 80 is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the Z control signal link 50.

[0045] Typically, the frequency of the signal transmitted by the Z control signal link 50 is much lower than that of the XY control signal link 30 and the read signal input link 40. The total attenuation required by the Z control signal link 50 is less than 20 dB. Therefore, arranging a third attenuator 80 in the intermediate temperature zone not only effectively suppresses the thermal noise transmitted from the room temperature, but also reduces the impact of the thermal noise generated by the heat generation of the third attenuator 80 itself on the ambient temperature of the lowest temperature zone, thereby increasing the coherence time of the quantum bit and thereby improving the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0046] Of course, the third attenuator 80 in this embodiment can also play a role in reducing thermal noise if it is arranged in the lowest temperature zone. However, compared with being arranged in the middle temperature zone, the effect of reducing thermal noise is poor.

[0047] Exemplarily, when the refrigeration device comprises a room temperature plate and 5 cold plates, the 5 cold plates are sequentially arranged from high to low in temperature as a PT1 cold plate with a temperature of 170K, a PT2 cold plate with a temperature of 4K, a Still cold plate with a temperature of 800mK, a CP cold plate with a temperature of 200mK and an MC cold plate with a temperature of 20mK, and the refrigeration device is divided into a first temperature zone, four intermediate temperature zones and a lowest temperature zone in sequence of decreasing temperature. The total attenuation required on the reading signal input link 40 is more than 60dB, and the specific arrangement of the attenuators on the reading signal input link 40 is as follows: two first attenuators 60 with an attenuation of 20dB are arranged in the intermediate temperature zones, and a second attenuator 70 with an attenuation of 30dB is arranged in the lowest temperature zone. Specifically, one first attenuator 60 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged on the PT2 cold plate, one first attenuator 60 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged on the CP cold plate, and the second attenuator 70 with an attenuation of 30dB is arranged on the MC cold plate. The total attenuation required on the XY control signal link 30 is more than 30dB, and the specific arrangement of the attenuators on the XY control signal link 30 is as follows: one first attenuator 60 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged in the intermediate temperature zones, and a second attenuator 70 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged in the lowest temperature zone. Specifically, the first attenuator 60 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged on the PT2 cold plate, and the second attenuator 70 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged on the MC cold plate. The total attenuation required on the Z control signal link 50 is more than 10dB, and the specific arrangement of the attenuators on the Z control signal link 50 is as follows: one third attenuator 80 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged in the intermediate temperature zones. Specifically, the third attenuator 80 with an attenuation of 20dB is arranged on the MC cold plate.

[0048] It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the Z control signal link 50 is used for transmitting a driving signal for adjusting the working frequency of the quantum bit; the XY control signal link 30 is used for transmitting a driving signal for adjusting the quantum state of the quantum bit; and the reading signal input link 40 is used for transmitting a measurement signal for measuring the quantum state of the quantum bit. In addition, the quantum measurement and control system further comprises a signal acquisition link (not shown in the figure) for acquiring a microwave signal output by the quantum bit and carrying quantum state information.

[0049] In the embodiment, the attenuators are arranged on the three types of quantum measurement and control links to reduce the thermal noise of the three types of quantum measurement and control links and improve the coherence time of the quantum bit, so that the precision of quantum calculation is improved. The means for reducing the thermal noise of the three types of quantum measurement and control links are further described as follows.

[0050] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the quantum measurement and control link provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure Two ; as Figure 2As shown: In order to further reduce the thermal noise on the three quantum measurement and control links to improve the accuracy of quantum computing, in some implementations of this embodiment, any of the XY control signal links 30, the read signal input link 40, and the Z control signal link 50 are further provided with a band-limited filter, and the band-limited filter is located in the lowest temperature zone; one end of the band-limited filter on any of the XY control signal links 30 and the read signal input link 40 is electrically connected to the quantum chip 20, and the other end of the band-limited filter is electrically connected to the second attenuator 70; one end of the band-limited filter on any of the Z control signal links 50 is electrically connected to the quantum chip 20, and the other end of the band-limited filter is electrically connected to the third attenuator 80.

[0051] By setting a band-limited filter, thermal noise outside the required frequency band can be reduced, the coherence time of quantum bits can be increased, and the accuracy of quantum computing can be improved.

[0052] The specific type of band-limiting filter and the selection of the filtered frequency band in the three quantum measurement and control links are related to the signals transmitted by each quantum measurement and control link and can be selected based on specific needs. For example, the band-limiting filter on the XY control signal link 30 is a bandpass filter 100; the band-limiting filter on the read signal input link 40 is a bandpass filter 100; and the band-limiting filter on the Z control signal link 50 is a lowpass filter 110.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown: In order to further reduce the thermal noise on the three quantum measurement and control links to improve the accuracy of quantum computing, in some implementations of this embodiment, an infrared filter 120 is also provided on any of the XY control signal links 30, the read signal input link 40, and the Z control signal link 50. The infrared filter 120 is located in the lowest temperature zone and is electrically connected between the quantum chip 20 and the band-limited filter.

[0054] By setting an infrared filter 120 on the XY control signal link 30, the read signal input link 40 and the Z control signal link 50, the thermal noise outside the required frequency band in the three quantum measurement and control links can be reduced, the quantum bit coherence time can be increased, and the accuracy of quantum computing can be improved.

[0055] In addition, due to the good reflection and absorption capabilities of the infrared filter 120, it is closer to the quantum chip 20 compared to band-limited filters (such as the bandpass filter 100 and the low-pass filter 110). This can further reduce interference in the signal path, including secondary reflections that may be caused by the bandpass filter 100 and the low-pass filter 110. This layout is conducive to improving the purity of the signal and improving the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0056] Generally, the XY control signal link 30, the read signal input link 40 and the Z control signal link 50 generally adopt coaxial cables, in order to optimize the heat dissipation of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable in the low temperature zone to reduce the thermal noise, Figure 3 The structure diagram of the quantum measurement and control circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure Three ; As Figure 3 shown: in some embodiments of the present embodiment, any of the XY control signal link 30, the read signal input link 40 and the Z control signal link 50 are also provided with the fourth attenuator 90 with the attenuation value of 0; the fourth attenuator 90 is located in the lowest temperature zone and is electrically connected between the infrared filter 120 and the quantum chip 20; the fourth attenuator 90 is integrated on the heat conduction piece, and the heat conduction piece is fixed on the cold plate of the lowest temperature zone. By setting the fourth attenuator 90 with the attenuation value of 0, the fourth attenuator 90 is integrated on the cold plate through the heat conduction piece, so that the heat generated by the inner conductor is promptly transmitted to the cold plate, thereby reducing the thermal noise.

[0057] The material of the heat conduction piece in the present embodiment is not specifically limited, and exemplarily, oxygen-free copper material is adopted.

[0058] The first attenuator 60 and the second attenuator 70 in the XY control signal link 30 and the read signal input link 40 will generate thermal noise when working, in order to reduce such thermal noise, in some embodiments of the present embodiment, the first attenuator 60 is integrated on the first heat sink, and the first heat sink is installed on the cold plate of the intermediate temperature zone; the second attenuator 70 is integrated on the second heat sink, and the second heat sink is installed on the cold plate of the lowest temperature zone. In this way, the heat generated by the first attenuator 60 and the second attenuator 70 is promptly conducted to the cold plate, thereby reducing the thermal noise. In order to further reduce the thermal noise, in some embodiments of the present embodiment, a first heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the first heat sink and the first attenuator 60; a second heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the second heat sink and the second attenuator 70; so that the heat of the first attenuator 60 and the second attenuator 70 is more efficiently transmitted to the cold plate, thereby further reducing the thermal noise.

[0059] The third attenuator 80 in the Z control signal link 50 will also generate thermal noise when working, in order to reduce such thermal noise, in some embodiments of the present embodiment, the third attenuator 80 is integrated on the third heat sink, and the third heat sink is installed on the cold plate of the intermediate temperature zone. In this way, the heat generated by the third attenuator 80 is promptly conducted to the cold plate, thereby reducing the thermal noise. In order to further reduce the thermal noise, in some embodiments of the present embodiment, a third heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the third heat sink and the third attenuator 80; so that the heat of the third attenuator 80 is more efficiently transmitted to the cold plate, thereby further reducing the thermal noise.

[0060] To further reduce the thermal noise on the Z control signal link 50, in some embodiments of the present embodiment, the Z control signal link 50 includes a section of superconducting wire located in the intermediate temperature zone. By providing a section of superconducting wire, the amount of heat generated when current is applied is minimized, thereby reducing thermal noise; illustratively, the superconducting wire is a NbTi semi-rigid coaxial wire, disposed between the CP cold plate and the MC cold plate.

[0061] Based on the same application concept, the present embodiment further provides a quantum computer, comprising the above quantum control system and a quantum chip 20 located in the refrigeration device, the quantum chip 20 being configured to receive the measurement and control signal output by the quantum control system to perform a quantum computing task.

[0062] The quantum computer of the present application comprises the above quantum control system, and thus has the same beneficial effects as the quantum control system, which will not be described here.

[0063] In the description of the present specification, the description referring to the terms "some embodiments" or "an example" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the present specification.

[0064] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make any form of equivalent replacement or modification of the technical solutions and technical contents disclosed in the present application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and such changes still belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A quantum measurement and control system, characterized in that: include: Measurement and control devices located outside the refrigeration equipment; Multiple quantum measurement and control links, one end of which is electrically connected to the measurement and control device, and the other end passes through multiple temperature zones in the refrigeration equipment and is electrically connected to the quantum chip in the lowest temperature zone; the quantum measurement and control links include an XY control signal link and a read signal input link; The plurality of temperature zones include a first temperature zone, at least one intermediate temperature zone, and a lowest temperature zone, the temperatures of which decrease in sequence; A first attenuator and a second attenuator are provided on any of the XY control signal links and the read signal input link, the first attenuator is located in the intermediate temperature zone, and the second attenuator is located in the lowest temperature zone, and the sum of the attenuation values ​​of the first attenuator and the second attenuator on any of the quantum measurement and control links is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the quantum measurement and control link.

2. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple quantum measurement and control links also include multiple Z control signal links. A third attenuator is provided on any of the Z control signal links. The third attenuator is located in the intermediate temperature zone, and the attenuation value of the third attenuator is greater than or equal to the total attenuation required by the Z control signal link.

3. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Any of the XY control signal links, the read signal input link, and the Z control signal link is further provided with a band-limiting filter, and the band-limiting filter is located in the lowest temperature zone; One end of the band-limited filter on any of the XY control signal link and the read signal input link is electrically connected to the quantum chip, and the other end of the band-limited filter is electrically connected to the second attenuator; One end of the band-limited filter on any one of the Z control signal links is electrically connected to the quantum chip, and the other end of the band-limited filter is electrically connected to the third attenuator.

4. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The band-limiting filter on any of the XY control signal links and the read signal input link is a bandpass filter; The band-limiting filter on any one of the Z control signal links is a low-pass filter.

5. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: An infrared filter is also provided on any of the XY control signal links, the read signal input link, and the Z control signal link. The infrared filter is located in the lowest temperature zone and is electrically connected between the quantum chip and the band-limited filter.

6. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fourth attenuator with an attenuation value of 0 is further provided on any of the XY control signal links, the read signal input link, and the Z control signal link; The fourth attenuator is located in the lowest temperature zone and is electrically connected between the infrared filter and the quantum chip; the fourth attenuator is integrated on a heat conductor, and the heat conductor is fixed on a cold plate in the lowest temperature zone.

7. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first attenuator is integrated on a first heat sink, and the first heat sink is installed on a cold plate in the intermediate temperature zone; The second attenuator is integrated on a second heat sink, and the second heat sink is installed on a cold plate in the lowest temperature zone; The third attenuator is integrated on a third heat sink, and the third heat sink is installed on a cold plate in the middle temperature zone.

8. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first thermal conductive adhesive layer is provided between the first heat sink and the first attenuator; A second thermal conductive adhesive layer is provided between the second heat sink and the second attenuator; A third thermal conductive adhesive layer is provided between the third heat sink and the third attenuator.

9. The quantum measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Z control signal link includes a section of superconducting wire, and the superconducting wire is located in the intermediate temperature zone.

10. A quantum computer, characterized in that: It comprises the quantum measurement and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a quantum chip located in the refrigeration equipment, wherein the quantum chip is used to receive the measurement and control signal output by the quantum measurement and control system to perform quantum computing tasks.

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