Intermediate-frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit of quantum measurement and control system, related device and cabinet

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intermediate-frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit of a quantum measurement and control system, a related device and a cabinet. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit of the quantum measurement and control system comprises a second function mainboard; the second function mainboard is used for receiving the intermediate-frequency waveform parameter information sent by the upper computer, generating at least one path of second direct-current signal and at least one pair of second differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the intermediate-frequency waveform parameter information after receiving the trigger signal, and sending the second differential pulse signals to the upper computer; and mixing each pair of second differential pulse signals with an adaptive second direct current signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal. According to the quantum measurement and control cabinet, high integration level is realized, storage space can be saved, measurement and control capacity of quantum bits of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved, communication switching time is saved, real-time performance is higher, cable loss of signals is reduced, signal attenuation is reduced, signal effectiveness is improved, signal-to-noise ratio of the signals is improved, and reliability of the quantum measurement and control cabinet is improved. And the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to quantum computing technology field, especially relate to a kind of quantum measurement and control system's intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit and related device and cabinet. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum computer is mainly composed of quantum processor, quantum measurement and control system and quantum software algorithm etc..Among them, quantum processor is composed of a series of quantum bits, and is calculated by quantum gate operation. Quantum bit is the basic unit of quantum information, unlike classical computer can only be 0 or 1, quantum bit can simultaneously represent two states: 0 and 1, this characteristic is called quantum superposition, so its computing performance is more powerful, and increasing quantum bit number can make the performance of quantum computer exponentially increase.

[0003] Quantum measurement and control system is an important tool for quantum processor testing, screening, performance characterization and calibration, allows users to use classical experiments to test and calibrate quantum processor, and supports automatic processing and analysis of data, supports user-defined experiments to test quantum processor, can realize comprehensive control and measurement of quantum processor. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] The utility model provides a kind of quantum measurement and control system's intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit and related device and cabinet.

[0005] First, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of quantum measurement and control system's intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit, comprising: second function mainboard;

[0006] The second function mainboard is used to receive intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by host computer, and after receiving trigger signal, at least one second direct current signal and at least one pair of second difference pulse signal of preset waveform are generated according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, each pair of second difference pulse signal and a compatible second direct current signal are mixed to obtain intermediate frequency signal.

[0007] In an embodiment, the second function mainboard includes second carrier plate, and second master chip, second direct current generation chip, second digital-to-analog converter and at least one second combiner disposed on the second carrier plate;

[0008] The second master chip is connected with the second direct current generation chip and the second digital-to-analog converter respectively;

[0009] The second direct current generation chip and the second digital-to-analog converter are connected with each second combiner respectively;

[0010] The second master chip is configured to receive intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a second pulse signal generation instruction according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, and send a second direct current generation control instruction to the second direct current generation chip.

[0011] The second digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of a preset waveform according to the second pulse signal generation instruction.

[0012] The second direct current generation chip is configured to generate at least one second direct current signal according to the second direct current generation control instruction.

[0013] The second combiner is configured to mix one pair of the second differential pulse signals and one corresponding second direct current signal to obtain the intermediate frequency signal.

[0014] In an embodiment, the second combiner includes a second operational amplifier.

[0015] The second functional mainboard further includes at least one second filter arranged on the second carrier board.

[0016] The second filter is connected between the second direct current generation chip and the corresponding second operational amplifier.

[0017] The second filter is configured to filter the second direct current signal to obtain a filtered second direct current signal.

[0018] The second operational amplifier is configured to combine one pair of the second differential pulse signals and one corresponding filtered second direct current signal to obtain the intermediate frequency signal.

[0019] In an embodiment, a non-inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier is configured to receive one of the pair of the second differential pulse signals and one corresponding filtered second direct current signal, and an inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier is configured to receive the other of the pair of the second differential pulse signals.

[0020] In an embodiment, the second functional mainboard further includes a second network port chip arranged on the second carrier board.

[0021] The second network port chip is connected with the second master chip, and is configured to communicate with the host computer through an external network communication device, receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer through the network communication device, and output the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information to the second master chip.

[0022] In one embodiment, the second functional mainboard further comprises a second RS485 / 422 communication interface arranged on the second carrier board.

[0023] The second RS485 / 422 communication interface is connected with the second master control chip and is configured to be in communication connection with the host computer.

[0024] In one embodiment, the second functional mainboard further comprises a second clock chip arranged on the second carrier board, configured to convert a fourth clock signal into a fifth clock signal and output the fifth clock signal to the second master control chip and the second digital-to-analog converter.

[0025] In one embodiment, the second functional mainboard further comprises a second trigger buffer chip arranged on the second carrier board, configured to receive the trigger signal, perform buffer enhancement processing on the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the second master control chip.

[0026] In one embodiment, the second functional mainboard further comprises a second synchronization buffer chip arranged on the second carrier board, configured to receive a synchronization signal, perform buffer enhancement processing on the synchronization signal, and output the processed synchronization signal to the second master control chip.

[0027] In one embodiment, the fourth clock signal is a source clock signal, and the fifth clock signal comprises any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, and a sampling clock signal.

[0028] The second functional mainboard further comprises a second buffer circuit configured to receive a first clock signal output by a clock distribution unit from outside, perform buffer enhancement processing on the first clock signal to obtain the fourth clock signal, and the second buffer circuit is arranged outside the second clock chip or integrated in the second clock chip.

[0029] In one embodiment, the intermediate frequency signal generated by the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is used to provide a quantum processor, and the intermediate frequency signal is used as a quantum bit frequency modulation signal to adjust the frequency of the quantum bit.

[0030] In one embodiment, the frequency range of the intermediate frequency signal is 0-500 MHz.

[0031] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the utility model provide an intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device, which comprises a second drawer box and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit.

[0032] The second functional mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is accommodated in the second drawer box.

[0033] In a third aspect, the utility model discloses a quantum measurement and control cabinet, comprising a rack and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device as described above.

[0034] The second drawer box of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device is arranged in the rack.

[0035] In one embodiment, the quantum measurement and control cabinet further comprises at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device.

[0036] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device comprises a first drawer box and a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit comprises a first function mainboard and at least one first frequency mixer arranged outside the first function mainboard, and the first function mainboard is connected with the at least one first frequency mixer.

[0037] The first function mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is accommodated in the first drawer box.

[0038] The at least one first frequency mixer connected with the first function mainboard is accommodated in the first drawer box or arranged outside the first drawer box.

[0039] The first drawer box is arranged in the rack.

[0040] The above technical solution provided by the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit provided by the utility model generates a second differential pulse signal and a second direct current signal through a second function mainboard, mixes a pair of second differential pulse signals and a second direct current signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, realizes high integration of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit, saves storage space, realizes full use of space resources, and can improve the integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system when applied to a quantum measurement and control system, greatly reduces the space occupied by the quantum measurement and control system, reduces hardware cost, greatly improves the measurement and control capacity of quantum bits of the quantum measurement and control system, and makes it easier to quickly build a quantum measurement and control system.

[0042] In addition, the second function mainboard realizes the generation and processing functions of multiple signals, communicates with the upper computer through the second function mainboard, and does not need to communicate with the upper computer like each device in the prior art, thereby saving communication switching time, improving real-time performance, and improving the functions and application range of the measurement and control system.

[0043] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the application can be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0044] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and serve to explain the present application and, do not limit the present application. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 A structure block diagram of a quantum measurement and control system provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0047] Figure 2 A structure block diagram of a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit included in the quantum measurement and control system provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0048] Figure 3 A structure block diagram of a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit included in the quantum measurement and control system provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0049] Figure 4 A structure block diagram of a quantum analysis unit included in the quantum measurement and control system provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0050] Figure 5 A perspective structure schematic diagram of an IQ mixer provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0051] Figure 6 A new layout schematic diagram of an edge emitting module provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0052] Figure 7 A new layout schematic diagram of a vertical emitting module provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0053] Figure 8 A perspective structure schematic diagram of an IQ mixer provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure; Figure 5 A perspective structure schematic diagram of an IQ mixer provided for the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0054] Figure 9 A layout of a circuit board module of the IQ mixer shown in the figure is shown in the figure; Figure 8

[0055] A layout of a circuit board module of the IQ mixer shown in the figure is shown in the figure; Figure 10 Figure 9 ​Circuit structure diagram of IQ mixer chip on the shown circuit board module

[0056] Figure 11 For Figure 10 Circuit structure diagram of a double balanced mixer of the shown IQ mixer chip

[0057] Figure 12 Structure block diagram of a trigger distribution unit of a quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0058] Figure 13 Structure block diagram of a clock distribution unit of a quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0059] Figure 14 Structure block diagram of a power distribution unit of a quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0060] Figure 15 Structure block diagram of a quantum measurement and control cabinet using a quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0061] Figure 16 Arrangement schematic view of a quantum measurement and control cabinet using a quantum measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0062] In the figure:

[0063] 100, quantum measurement and control system; 200, rack;

[0064] 1, host computer;

[0065] 2. Transmitter unit; 21. RF arbitrary waveform transmitter unit; 2101. First main control chip; 2102. First digital-to-analog converter; 2103. First combiner; 2104. First mixer; 21041. Circuit board; 21042. IQ mixer chip; 21043. In-phase port; 21044. Quadrature-phase port; 21045. Local oscillator port; 21046. RF port; 21047. Microstrip line; 21048. Base; 210481. Groove; 21049. Cover; 210410. Cavity; 210411. Ground hole; 210412. Pad; 210413. Mounting hole; 2105. First local oscillator microwave source; 2106. First DC generator chip; 2107. First filter; 2108. First attenuator; 2 109, first memory chip; 2110, first network port chip; 2111, first RS485 / 422 communication interface; 2112, first synchronization buffer chip; 2113, first trigger buffer chip; 2114, first clock chip; 2100, first drawer box; 22, intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit; 2201, second main control chip; 2202, second digital-to-analog converter; 2203, second combiner; 2204, second DC generator chip; 2205, second filter; 2206, second memory chip; 2207, second network port chip; 2208, second RS485 / 422 communication interface; 2209, second synchronization buffer chip; 2210, second trigger buffer chip; 2211, second clock chip; 2200, second drawer box;

[0066] 3. Quantum analysis unit; 31. RF transmission subunit; 3101. Third main control chip; 3102. Third digital-to-analog converter; 3103. Third combiner; 3104. Second mixer; 3105. Second local oscillator microwave source; 3106. Third DC generator chip; 3107. Third filter; 3108. Second attenuator; 3109. Third memory chip; 3110. Third network port chip; 3111. Third RS485 / 422 communication interface; 3112. Third synchronization buffer chip; 3113 , third trigger buffer chip; 3114, third clock chip; 3100, third drawer box; 32, acquisition subunit; 3201, fourth main control chip; 3202, trigger control pulse chip; 3203, synchronization signal buffer distribution chip; 3204, analog-to-digital converter; 3205, demodulator; 3206, third local oscillator microwave source; 3207, low-frequency amplifier; 3208, fourth memory chip; 3209, fourth network port chip; 3210, single-ended to differential converter; 3211, fourth clock chip;

[0067] 4. Trigger distribution unit; 401. Main trigger buffer; 402. Sub-trigger buffer; 410. Fourth drawer box;

[0068] 5, clock distribution unit; 501, master clock buffer; 502, sub-clock buffer; 510, fifth drawer box;

[0069] 6, power distribution unit; 601, mechanical power switch; 602, power filter; 603, fuse; 604, self-locking push-button switch; 605, power splitter; 606, power conversion module; 607, power output connector; 610, sixth drawer box;

[0070] 7, clock switching module;

[0071] 8, network communication device; 710, seventh drawer box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be accurately conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0073] The inventors of the present application found that in the prior art, the quantum control system has low integration, and when a set of quantum control system is erected, a plurality of attenuators, single-ended to differential converters, mixers, power dividers, couplers, bandpass filters and other devices are needed in the discrete room temperature control scheme of the traditional arbitrary waveform generator, microwave source plus IQ mixer. A plurality of devices with different functions need to be connected by cables to drive the quantum bits. Not only is the construction process complex and time-consuming, but also it is inconvenient to expand due to physical space limitations. These factors make it necessary to perform a large amount of debugging before quantum control experiments can begin, which greatly restricts the development of quantum computers.

[0074] Based on the above problems existing in the prior art, the present embodiment of the utility model provides a quantum control system 100. Referring to Figure 1 The quantum control system 100 described above includes at least one transmitting unit 2, at least one quantum analysis unit 3, at least one trigger distribution unit 4, and at least one clock distribution unit 5.

[0075] The at least one quantum analysis unit 3 and the at least one transmitting unit 2 are respectively in communication connection with an external host computer 1.

[0076] The trigger distribution unit 4 is connected with at least one quantum analysis unit 3 and at least one emission unit 2, and is used for dividing a trigger signal into synchronous multi-path trigger signals and outputting the multi-path trigger signals to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2 connected with the trigger distribution unit 4.

[0077] The clock distribution unit 5 is connected with at least one quantum analysis unit 3 and at least one emission unit 2, and is used for dividing a first clock signal into synchronous multi-path first clock signals and outputting the multi-path first clock signals to the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2 connected with the clock distribution unit 5, wherein the first clock signal is a base clock signal.

[0078] The emission unit 2 is used for receiving the measurement and control signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and generating a measurement and control signal and transmitting the measurement and control signal to a quantum processor (not shown) after receiving the trigger signal, so that the quantum bits in the quantum processor oscillate between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>, and various quantum logic gates are realized.

[0079] The quantum analysis unit 3 is used for receiving the read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and generating a read-in signal and emitting the read-in signal to a resonant cavity in the quantum processor after receiving the trigger signal, and receiving a read-out signal output from the quantum processor, processing the read-out signal, and returning the quantum computing result obtained by processing to the host computer 1.

[0080] The quantum processor is provided with quantum bits, for example, artificial quantum bits or physical particles (such as electrons, photons, etc.) existing in nature. In this application, the quantum processor is taken as a superconducting quantum chip as an example for description, and it can be understood that the technical solution of the application is also applicable to other suitable types of quantum processors.

[0081] In the embodiment of the utility model, when the host computer 1, the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2 communicate through the data transmission network, network communication equipment 8 such as switch or router can be used to realize the matching and compatibility between different units.

[0082] The emission unit 2 is connected with the host computer 1 through the network communication equipment 8. Specifically, the emission unit 2 receives the measurement and control signal waveform parameter information from the host computer 1 through the network communication equipment 8, and generates corresponding measurement and control signals to the quantum processor.

[0083] The quantum analysis unit 3 is in communication connection with the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8. Specifically, the quantum analysis unit 3 receives the read-in signal waveform parameter information from the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8, and generates a corresponding read-in signal to the quantum processor, and outputs the quantum calculation result to the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8.

[0084] In the embodiments of the utility model, the above-mentioned measurement and control signal waveform parameter information, for example, includes waveform data required to be transmitted by the transmitting unit, such as the amplitude, frequency, phase of the waveform, and various preset parameter information, such as the waveform length parameter.

[0085] In the embodiments of the utility model, the above-mentioned measurement and control signal, for example, includes a quantum bit frequency modulation signal (usually referred to as a Z signal) and a quantum bit driving signal (usually referred to as an XY signal), wherein the Z signal is used to adjust the frequency of the quantum bit (that is, to adjust the energy level interval of the quantum bit), and the XY signal is used to drive the quantum bit to convert between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>. Specifically, by applying the Z signal of intermediate frequency and the high-frequency XY signal with a frequency close to the energy level interval of the quantum bit, the quantum bit can be made to oscillate between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>, thereby realizing various quantum logic gates. The precise control of the two signals of the XY signal and the Z signal is crucial for the successful implementation of quantum computing and quantum information processing. The frequency range of the Z signal, for example but not limited to, is 0 to 500 MHz, and the frequency range of the XY signal, for example but not limited to, is 4 GHz to 6 GHz.

[0086] In the embodiments of the utility model, the above-mentioned read-in signal waveform parameter information, for example, includes waveform data required to be transmitted by the quantum analysis unit, such as the amplitude, frequency, initial phase of the waveform, and various preset parameter information, such as the waveform length parameter.

[0087] The frequency range of the read-in signal generated by the quantum analysis unit 3, for example but not limited to, is 6 GHz to 8 GHz. The read-in signal Read In is transmitted to the quantum processor, enters the resonant cavity, is indirectly capacitively coupled to the quantum bit, and is reflected by the resonant cavity to become a read-out signal Read Out carrying information of the resonant cavity and the quantum bit. The quantum analysis unit 3 reads the read-out signal Read Out, performs data processing on the read-out signal, obtains the quantum calculation result, and transmits the quantum calculation result to the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8 for display.

[0088] The quantum control system 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model, quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2 can communicate with host computer 1, and trigger distribution unit 4 connects quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2, clock distribution unit 5 connects quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2, when quantum processor control is carried out, the number of quantum bits can be selected according to the number of quantum bits, quantum analysis unit 3, transmitting unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4 and clock distribution unit 5, the quantum bits to be tested and controlled are programmed through host computer 1, and the communication interaction with quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2 is carried out, so that quantum processor control is realized. According to the expansion of the number of quantum bits, the unlimited superposition of quantum analysis unit 3, transmitting unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4 and clock distribution unit 5 can be realized, and the physical space is not limited.

[0089] And, through trigger distribution unit 4, a trigger signal is divided into synchronous multi-path trigger signals and sent to quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2, so that the real-time synchronous opening emission alignment function can be realized, and the trigger signal distribution process does not cause any attenuation, so that the amplitude of the output multi-path trigger signal meets the requirements; similarly, clock distribution unit 5 divides a first clock signal into synchronous multi-path first clock signals and outputs them to quantum analysis unit 3 and transmitting unit 2, so that the real-time synchronous alignment clock function can be realized, and the clock distribution process does not cause any attenuation, so that the amplitude of the output multi-path clock signal meets the requirements, and the signal synchronization performance of trigger distribution unit 4 and clock distribution unit 5 is high, so that the synchronism requirement of multi-bit synchronous emission control can be met, and therefore, the quantum processor control of any quantum bit quantity can be realized.

[0090] In one embodiment, the control signal waveform parameter information includes radio frequency waveform parameter information and intermediate frequency waveform parameter information; the control signal includes a quantum bit driving signal and a quantum bit frequency modulation signal; as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The transmitting unit 2 includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21;

[0091] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is configured to receive the radio frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and generate the quantum bit driving signal according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information after receiving the trigger signal, and send the quantum bit driving signal to the quantum processor;

[0092] The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is configured to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and generate the quantum bit frequency modulation signal according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information after receiving the trigger signal, and send the quantum bit frequency modulation signal to the quantum processor.

[0093] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the quantum analysis unit 3 includes a radio frequency transmission subunit 31 and a collection subunit 32;

[0094] The radio frequency transmission subunit 31 is configured to receive the read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a read-in signal and transmit the read-in signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor.

[0095] The collection subunit 32 is configured to receive the read-out signal from the quantum processor output, perform data processing on the read-out signal, and return the quantum computing result obtained by processing to the host computer 1.

[0096] The inventor found that with the sharp increase in the number of quantum bits (referred to as bit number), the technical difficulties and key points in the quantum measurement and control system also begin to become clear, mainly highlighted in the following two points: the first point is the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate, that is, the waveform loaded on the quantum bit is the required ideal waveform, which can be measured by the single gate or double gate fidelity data (such as single gate 99.9%) and waveform ideality (such as signal-to-noise ratio and SFDR). The second point is the capacity and integration of the quantum measurement and control system, that is, the number of bits that the quantum measurement and control system can control and the integrated solution. In the conventional technology, the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) + microwave source + IQ mixer discrete room temperature measurement and control scheme is used, assuming that 3 AWG channels are used to control 1 bit, then the AWG uses a 4-channel AWG waveform generator, the microwave source uses an independent 4-channel microwave source, and the IQ mixer uses an external discrete mixer. The cables need to be connected between each instrument, occupying a large storage space, and about 1.75U of space is required to control 1 quantum bit. If the quantum measurement and control system is assembled into a 19-inch 42U cabinet, the measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet is limited to about 24 quantum bits. This is far from meeting the needs of quantum computing applications. Moreover, in the conventional technology of discrete room temperature measurement and control scheme, each instrument needs to be controlled separately, the synchronization implementation between each instrument is complex, resulting in poor synchronization performance, and at the same time, each instrument needs to be controlled separately. Therefore, the host computer needs to be constantly switched, and the communication efficiency is low. In addition, because of the lack of real-time performance, the cables connecting each device will introduce environmental noise and attenuation of the microwave signal itself, thereby limiting the function and application of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0097] Based on this, in the embodiments of the present application, the inventors make technical improvements to the transmitting unit 2, the quantum analysis unit 3, the trigger distribution unit 4, the clock distribution unit 5, the power distribution unit 6 and the like in the quantum measurement and control system, for example, but not limited to, improving the structures of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 in the transmitting unit 2, and the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 in the quantum analysis unit 3. The following will be described in detail.

[0098] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 comprises a first functional mainboard (not marked) and at least one first mixer 2104 arranged outside the first functional mainboard; the first mixer 2104 is, for example, but not limited to, an IQ mixer.

[0099] The first functional mainboard is connected with the at least one first mixer 2104.

[0100] The first functional mainboard is used for receiving the radio frequency waveform parameter information sent by the upper computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generating at least one pair of first direct current signals and at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information, and generating a first microwave signal, wherein each pair of the first differential pulse signals and a corresponding first direct current signal are mixed to obtain at least two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output to the corresponding first mixer 2104, and the generated first microwave signal is output to the first mixer 2104.

[0101] The first mixer 2104 is used for mixing the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° and the first microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit driving signal, and sending the quantum bit driving signal to the quantum processor.

[0102] The first function mainboard generates even pairs of first differential pulse signals according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information after receiving the trigger signal, each pair of first differential pulse signals includes two pulse signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase, each pair of first differential pulse signals corresponds to a first direct current signal, and each two pairs of first differential pulse signals and a pair of adaptively matched first direct current signals are mixed to obtain two pairs of first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees, that is, each pair of first differential pulse signals and a pair of adaptively matched first direct current signals are mixed to obtain one of the two pairs of first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The two pairs of first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees are output to the same first frequency mixer 2104 and mixed with a first microwave signal. For example, assuming that the first function mainboard is connected to h first frequency mixers 2104, the first function mainboard generates 2h pairs of first differential pulse signals, h pairs of first direct current signals, and h first microwave signals, where h is a positive integer.

[0103] In the embodiment of the utility model, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 generates the first differential pulse signal, the first direct current signal and the first microwave signal through the first function mainboard, and obtains two pairs of first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees output to the first frequency mixer 2104 by mixing a corresponding number of first differential pulse signals and first direct current signals, and then mixes with a first microwave signal to obtain a quantum bit driving signal. Compared with the radio frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme in the prior art, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 realizes high integration, does not need complex cable wiring, can save storage space, can save rack space when configuring a quantum measurement and control cabinet, realizes full use of space resources, can greatly improve the quantum bit measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet under the condition that the rack size is unchanged, and because the first function mainboard realizes the generation and processing functions of multiple signals, the first function mainboard communicates with the upper computer 1, and each device does not need to communicate with the upper computer 1, therefore, the communication switching time is saved, the real-time performance is higher, at the same time, compared with the radio frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the signal is reduced, the signal attenuation is reduced, the effectiveness of the signal is improved, the signal noise is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor is improved.

[0104] Referring to Figure 2As shown, the first function mainboard comprises a first carrier plate (not shown in the figure) and a first master chip 2101, a first digital-to-analog converter 2102, a first direct current generating chip 2106, a first local microwave source 2105 and at least one pair of first combiners 2103 arranged on the first carrier plate. The first carrier plate is, for example but not limited to, a printed circuit board or other suitable element.

[0105] The first master chip 2101 is connected with the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, the first direct current generating chip 2106 and the first local microwave source 2105 respectively.

[0106] The first digital-to-analog converter 2102 is connected with the at least one pair of first combiners 2103.

[0107] The output end of each pair of the first combiners 2103 is connected with the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the corresponding first mixer 2104 respectively, wherein the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the first mixer 2104 are used to receive the two paths of first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0108] The first direct current generating chip 2106 is connected with the at least one pair of first combiners 2103.

[0109] The first local microwave source 2105 is connected with the first mixer 2104.

[0110] The first master chip 2101 is used to receive radio frequency waveform parameter information sent by a host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information, sends a first pulse signal generation instruction to the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, sends a first microwave signal generation instruction to the first local microwave source 2105, and sends a first direct current generation control instruction to the first direct current generating chip 2106.

[0111] The first digital-to-analog converter 2102 is used to generate at least two pairs of first differential pulse signals with preset waveforms according to the first pulse signal generation instruction.

[0112] The first direct current generating chip 2106 is used to generate at least one pair of first direct current signals according to the first direct current generation control instruction.

[0113] The first combiner 2103 is used to mix a pair of the first differential pulse signals and a corresponding first direct current signal respectively to obtain one of the two paths of first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output to the corresponding first mixer 2104.

[0114] The first local microwave source 2105 is configured to generate at least one first microwave signal according to a first microwave signal generation instruction and output the at least one first microwave signal to the corresponding first mixer 2104.

[0115] In one specific embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system described above, referring to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the first combiner 2103 comprises a first operational amplifier (not shown).

[0116] The first functional mainboard further comprises at least one pair of first filters 2107 arranged on the first carrier board.

[0117] The first DC generation chip 2106 is connected with the at least one pair of first filters 2107.

[0118] The first filter 2107 is connected with the corresponding first operational amplifier.

[0119] The first filter 2107 is configured to filter the first DC signal to obtain a filtered first DC signal.

[0120] The first operational amplifier is configured to combine one of the pair of first differential pulse signals and the filtered first DC signal to obtain one of the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees.

[0121] In one specific embodiment, the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier is configured to receive one of the pair of first differential pulse signals and the filtered first DC signal, and the inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier is configured to receive the other one of the pair of first differential pulse signals.

[0122] In one specific embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system described above, referring to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the RF arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 further comprises at least one first attenuator 2108 arranged outside the first functional mainboard.

[0123] The first attenuator 2108 is connected with the first mixer 2104 and configured to adjust the amplitude of the quantum bit driving signal. The first attenuator 2108 can adjust the amplitude of the quantum bit driving signal and improve impedance matching.

[0124] In the embodiment of the utility model, the first attenuator 2108 can be arranged on the side of the dilution refrigerator with the quantum processor.

[0125] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 2As shown in the above, the first master chip 2101 of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be implemented by, for example but not limited to, an FPGA, which can be equipped with a first memory chip 2109, such as two 8GB DDR4 high-speed running memory chips, to provide sufficient hardware margin in terms of computing power, and each port can output an arbitrary waveform up to 128ms.

[0126] In the embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 2 As shown in the above, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit, so as to meet the requirements of synchronous transmission of arbitrary waveforms and direct current waveforms, including sine wave, square wave and high-order wave, etc. during the measurement and control operation.

[0127] In the embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 2 As shown in the above, the first combiner 2103 in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 for realizing the conversion of differential signals to single-ended signals adopts an operational amplifier, and a first direct current signal is generated through a first direct current generating chip 2106, and then the first direct current signal is filtered through the first filter 2107. The first differential pulse signal of a pair of arbitrary waveforms output by the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 and the first direct current signal after filtering are combined by the first operational amplifier, which not only improves the quality of the quantum bit driving signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need for an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, thereby reducing the hardware cost and realizing the integration of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21.

[0128] In the embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 2 As shown in the above, the first mixer 2104 of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can adopt a passive I / Q mixer. The first mixer 2104 can mix with the first microwave signal generated by the first onboard local microwave source 2105, or mix with the externally expanded local microwave signal, so as to mix out the quantum bit driving signal required to be output by the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 (RF-AWG). In the embodiments of the utility model, the first mixer 2104 can select a passive I / Q mixer with a suitable shape according to the integration requirements.

[0129] In the embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 2As shown in the above, the first local microwave source 2105 of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be a chip, which is, for example but not limited to, a 2-channel 3.5GHz-8.5GHz onboard microwave source, so as to save the cost of additional purchase of microwave source equipment and further save the storage space of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21; and since the first main control chip 2101 is connected with the first local microwave source 2105, the first local microwave source 2105 is controlled through the first main control chip 2101, so as to further reduce the communication switching time and improve the real-time performance of the measurement and control.

[0130] As a specific example of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 in the embodiments of the present application, refer to Figure 2 As shown in the above, corresponding to the same first function mainboard in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 adopts a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit to generate four pairs of first differential pulse signals; the first direct current generating chip 2106 generates two pairs of first direct current signals, i.e. four first direct current signals, and the four first filters 2107 of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 filter the four first direct current signals, after which the four first operational amplifiers are divided into two pairs, each pair of first operational amplifiers respectively combines two pairs of first differential pulse signals and two filtered first direct current signals to obtain two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and finally, two pairs of two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° are obtained; and the first local microwave source 2105 generates two first microwave signals; the number of the first mixers 2104 connected with the first function mainboard is two, and each first mixer 2104 mixes the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° with one first microwave signal to obtain one quantum bit driving signal and sends it to the quantum processor. Assuming that the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 contains n first function mainboards, 2n quantum bit driving signals can be finally obtained, wherein n is a positive integer.

[0131] In the embodiments of the present application, the number of each pair of first operational amplifiers in the first function mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is two, and the number of each pair of first filters 2107 is two. In other embodiments, at least one pair of first operational amplifiers and at least one pair of first filters 2107 can be arranged in the first function mainboard, and each pair of first operational amplifiers and each pair of first filters 2107 are connected with one first mixer 2104.

[0132] In the embodiments of the present application, refer to Figure 2As shown in the above radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the first function mainboard further comprises a first network port chip 2110 arranged on the first carrier board, which is connected with the first main control chip 2101 and used for communicating with the upper computer 1 through an external network communication device 8, receiving the radio frequency waveform parameter information sent by the upper computer 1 through the network communication device 8, and outputting to the first main control chip 2101. Through the connection of the first network port chip 2110 and the network communication device 8, network communication with the upper computer 1 is realized, the radio frequency waveform parameter information is received by the first network port chip 2110 from the network communication device 8 and output to the first main control chip 2101. The network communication device 8 is in communication connection with the upper computer 1. Through the network communication interaction of the network communication device 8, the upper computer 1 can control different radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting units 21 respectively, realize the superposition connection of multiple radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting units 21, realize the unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection, and realize the unlimited bit number increase of the quantum processor measurement and control.

[0133] In the embodiment of the utility model, refer to Figure 2 As shown in the above radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the first function mainboard further comprises a first clock chip 2114 arranged on the first carrier board, which is used for converting a second clock signal into a third clock signal and outputting the third clock signal to the first main control chip 2101, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102 and the first local microwave source 2105 and the like. The third clock signal is the working clock of the first main control chip 2101, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, the first local microwave source 2105 and the like. The first clock chip 2114 can perform frequency division / multiplier operation on the second clock signal, for example, to obtain the third clock signal with the required frequency of the remaining devices in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21. The second clock signal is a source clock signal (Source Clock Signal), for example. The third clock signal includes any one or more of a system clock signal (System Clock Signal), a device clock signal (Device Clock Signal) and a sampling clock signal, for example. The second clock signal is a clock signal after the first clock signal is buffered and enhanced by a buffer circuit. The first function mainboard can further comprise a first buffer circuit (not shown in the figure) for receiving the first clock signal output by the clock distribution unit 5 and obtaining the second clock signal after buffering and enhancing the first clock signal. The first buffer circuit is arranged outside the first clock chip 2114 or integrated in the first clock chip 2114.

[0134] In the embodiment of the utility model, the first buffer circuit is integrated in the first clock chip 2114, or arranged in other circuit modules or chips, or is an independent circuit module, etc. Preferably, the first clock chip 2114 has the function of the first buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the whole device.

[0135] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 2 The first function mainboard further comprises a first trigger buffer chip 2113 arranged on the first carrier board, and the first trigger buffer chip 2113 is used for receiving a trigger signal output from the trigger distribution unit 4, performing buffer enhancement processing on the received trigger signal, and outputting the processed trigger signal to the first main control chip 2101.

[0136] Optionally, referring to Figure 2 The first function mainboard further comprises a first synchronization buffer chip 2112 arranged on the first carrier board, and the first synchronization buffer chip 2112 is used for receiving a synchronization signal output from the synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 (see Figure 4 ), performing buffer enhancement processing on the synchronization signal, and outputting the processed synchronization signal to corresponding devices including the first main control chip 2101. The synchronization signal has the same or similar function as the trigger signal.

[0137] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 The first function mainboard further comprises a first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111 arranged on the first carrier board. The first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111 is connected with the first main control chip 2101, and is used for communication connection with the host computer 1. The first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111 is a backup interface.

[0138] Specifically, for example, when the first unit network port (not shown in the figure) of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is in service communication, the host computer 1 can monitor the first function mainboard (for example, monitor the temperature of the first main control chip 2101), issue commands, or restart other related operations through the first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111.

[0139] The first unit network port is, for example, a 1 / 2 switch. The first unit network port serves as an internal and external interface. The 1 / 2 switch is a 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 or more than 1 / 3 switch.

[0140] In the embodiment of the present application, the first unit network port is a 1 / 2 switch, and accordingly, the first unit network port is connected to two first function mainboards inside the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and connected to an external network communication device 8 outside.

[0141] The quantum measurement and control system provided in the embodiment of the present application has the first main control chip 2101, the first digital-to-analog converter 2102, the first combiner 2103, the first direct current generating chip 2106 and the first local oscillator microwave source 2105 of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 arranged on the same first function mainboard, so that high integration of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is realized, rack space can be saved when the quantum measurement and control cabinet is configured, full use of space resources is realized, and compared with the radio frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme in the prior art, the quantum bit measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved under the condition that the rack size is unchanged. In addition, since the plurality of devices of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 are arranged on the same first function mainboard and communicate and interact with the upper computer 1 through the first main control chip 2101, each device does not need to communicate and interact with the upper computer 1, so that the communication switching time is saved, real-time performance is higher, meanwhile, compared with the radio frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, cable loss of signals is reduced, signal attenuation is reduced, so that the effectiveness of signals is improved, signal noise is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of signals is improved, and the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor is improved.

[0142] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the inventor creatively proposes to improve the shape of the IQ mixer, for example, the shape of the first mixer 2104 is improved from π type to H type (see Figure 5 ), so that the ports between the side surfaces of the adjacent other first mixers 2104 can be avoided from being squeezed, the plurality of first mixers 2104 can be compactly arranged, and the first mixers 2104 and the devices arranged on the first function mainboard can be accommodated in one drawer box, so as to meet the high-density installation requirement of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21. In addition, no additional cable needs to be connected, or even if the cable needs to be connected, no additional space is occupied, and wiring is easy, so as to facilitate miniaturization and integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system and the quantum computing device having the quantum measurement and control system.

[0143] However, alternatively, the first mixer 2104 can also be arranged outside the drawer box as needed. Specifically, the first mixer 2104 and the first attenuator 2108 can not be arranged on the first function mainboard, and accordingly, the first function mainboard does not include the first mixer 2104 and the first attenuator 2108.

[0144] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5 The first mixer 2104 provided in the present application is an H-type IQ mixer, and the port layout of the H-type IQ mixer is that: on one side of the cavity 210410 of the IQ mixer, an in-phase port 21043 and a quadrature-phase port 21044 are arranged, and on the other side, a local oscillator port 21045 and a radio frequency port 21046 are arranged.

[0145] At this time, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044, and the local oscillator port 21045 and the radio frequency port 21046 are respectively located on the two opposite sides of the IQ mixer cavity 210410, wherein the in-phase port 21043, the quadrature-phase port 21044, the local oscillator port 21045, the radio frequency port 21046 and the cavity 210410 can constitute an H-type IQ mixer.

[0146] In the embodiment of the utility model, the first mixer 2104 is arranged outside the first function mainboard, regardless of the specific shape of the first mixer 2104, including but not limited to the aforementioned H-type, π-type and the like, the connection mode of the first mixer 2104 and the first function mainboard can be various.

[0147] Taking the first mixer as an H-type mixer as an example, for example, referring to Figure 6 When the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 adopts an edge emission mode, the first mixer 2104 and the first function mainboard are connected in a horizontal direction, or referring to Figure 7 When the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 adopts a vertical emission mode, the first mixer 2104 and the first function mainboard can be connected in a vertical direction. The above-mentioned horizontal direction and vertical direction connection mode, the specific structure form includes but is not limited to plug-in, welding, using wire, cable (such as coaxial cable) connection and the like direct connection mode.

[0148] In addition to the above-mentioned H-type, the first mixer of other shapes and the first function mainboard can also be connected in a similar manner as Figure 6 and Figure 7 The embodiment of the utility model is not limited to the specific connection mode, and the above Figure 6 and Figure 7 are only examples.

[0149] Of course, for the case that the first mixer is an H-type mixer, no matter whether the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 uses an edge emission mode or a vertical emission mode, the first mixer 2104 can be well connected with the first function mainboard, the ports between the side surfaces of adjacent first mixers 2104 can be avoided from being squeezed, multiple first mixers 2104 can be compactly arranged on the signal transmission module of the quantum measurement and control system, and the first mixers 2104 can be high-density integrated in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 of the quantum measurement and control system, so as to meet the high-density installation requirement of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21; in addition, no additional cable connection is needed, or even if the cable connection is needed, no additional space is occupied, and the wiring is easy, thereby facilitating the miniaturization and integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system.

[0150] In the embodiment of the utility model, refer to Figure 5 As shown, one side of the cavity of the first mixer 2104 is provided with an in-phase port 21043 and a quadrature phase port 21044, and the other side is provided with a local oscillator port 21045 and a radio frequency port 21046. Further, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature phase port 21044 are respectively connected with two signal output ports (not marked) on the first function mainboard, for receiving two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° output from the two signal output ports, the local oscillator port 21045 is used for receiving the first microwave signal, so that the first mixer 2104 mixes the two first single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° received and the first microwave signal received to obtain the quantum bit driving signal and output through the radio frequency port 21046.

[0151] Specifically, as shown in Figure 8 In the embodiment of the application, the cavity of the IQ mixer includes a circuit board module. The circuit board module includes a circuit board 21041 (PCB) and an IQ mixer chip 21042. One side of the cavity opposite to two side surfaces is provided with an in-phase port 21043 (I port) and a quadrature phase port 21044 (Q port), and the other side is provided with a local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) and a radio frequency port 21046 (RF port); wherein the ports provided on the cavity can be SMA antenna seats or IPX antenna seats, which are not limited here.

[0152] It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the utility model, the first single-ended pulse signal of the two paths with a phase difference of 90 degrees includes in-phase intermediate frequency signals and quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signals, the H-type IQ mixer performs up-conversion, the in-phase port 21043 (I port) and the quadrature-phase port 21044 (Q port) of the IQ mixer respectively input (IN) the in-phase intermediate frequency signals and the quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signals transmitted by a pair of first combiners 2103; at the same time, the local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) inputs the first microwave signal, that is, the local oscillator signal, and the IQ mixer mixes the in-phase intermediate frequency signals and the quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signals with the first microwave signal and then outputs (OUT) the XY signal through the radio frequency port 21046 (RF port).

[0153] Among them, the IQ mixer chip 21042 is arranged on the circuit board 21041, and the in-phase pin and the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip 21042 are connected to the corresponding in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044 through the microstrip line 21047 (microwave source cable) respectively, for example, but not limited to. The local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port 21045 through the local oscillator microstrip line, for example, but not limited to. The radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port 21046 through the radio frequency microstrip line.

[0154] In the embodiment of the utility model, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044 of the first mixer 2104 are connected with the corresponding first combiner 2103 respectively, the in-phase port 21043 is used for receiving one of the two paths of the first single-ended pulse signal with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the quadrature-phase port 21044 is used for receiving the other of the two paths of the first single-ended pulse signal with a phase difference of 90 degrees.

[0155] The local oscillator port 21045 is connected with the first local oscillator microwave source 2105, and is used for receiving the first microwave signal.

[0156] The radio frequency port 21046 is used for outputting the XY signal.

[0157] It can be seen that, in the embodiment of the application, the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are arranged on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the cavity of the IQ mixer, and the local oscillator port and the radio frequency port are arranged on the other side surface. When the IQ mixer is applied to the quantum measurement and control system, the ports between the adjacent side surfaces of the IQ mixer can be avoided from being squeezed, and multiple IQ mixers can be arranged compactly in the quantum measurement and control system.

[0158] It should be noted that the H-type IQ mixer can also be frequency down-converted in the embodiments of the utility model, at this time, the IQ mixer is applied to the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3 of the quantum measurement and control system, the in-phase port 21043 and the quadrature-phase port 21044 of the IQ mixer are connected with the single-ended-to-differential converter 3210 of the acquisition subunit 32, at the same time, the local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) inputs the third microwave signal (local oscillator signal), and the radio frequency port 21046 (RF port) reads the readout signal Read Out.

[0159] In addition, the inventors find that when the local oscillator port and the radio frequency port are arranged on the same side of the IQ mixer, the distance between the local oscillator microstrip line connected with the local oscillator port and the radio frequency microstrip line connected with the radio frequency port is close, which easily causes the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency microstrip line to be large, the first microwave signal and the XY signal are coupled with each other to generate crosstalk, and the normal use of the IQ mixer is affected. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application further provide an IQ mixer, which can arrange multiple IQ mixers compactly in the quantum measurement and control system while avoiding the adverse effects such as crosstalk between the first microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer. The following will be described in detail:

[0160] In the embodiments of the present application, the IQ mixer chip 21042 on the IQ mixer is a passive mixer chip, as shown in the following figure: Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the IQ mixer chip includes a first double balanced mixer N1, a second double balanced mixer N2 and a 90-degree hybrid bridge (90° HYBRID); wherein the input end of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is connected with the local oscillator pin (LO pin) of the IQ mixer chip, and the isolation end of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is grounded; the 0-degree end of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is connected with the local oscillator end of the first double balanced mixer N1, and the 90-degree end of the 90-degree hybrid bridge is connected with the local oscillator end of the second double balanced mixer N2; the intermediate frequency end of the first double balanced mixer N1 is connected with the in-phase pin IF1 of the IQ mixer chip, and the intermediate frequency end of the second double balanced mixer N2 is connected with the quadrature-phase pin IF2 of the IQ mixer chip; the radio frequency end of the first double balanced mixer N1 is connected with the radio frequency end of the second double balanced mixer N2, and then connected with the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip. In the figure, GND is the ground pin, and NIC is the null pin.

[0161] Wherein, the circuit structure of the first double balanced mixer and the second double balanced mixer is similar, and the first double balanced mixer includes: Figure 11 As shown in the figure, a first transformer T1, a second transformer T2 and a balanced bridge are included; the balanced bridge is composed of a plurality of diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 connected in series with each other.

[0162] The primary winding of the first transformer T1 is connected with the 0-degree end of the 90-degree hybrid bridge, that is, one end of the primary winding of the first transformer T1 is the local oscillator end of the first double balanced mixer, and the secondary winding of the first transformer T1 is connected with the first diagonal line of the balanced bridge; the second diagonal line of the balanced bridge is connected with the primary winding of the second transformer, the midpoint of the primary winding of the second transformer T2 is connected with the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip, and the midpoint of the primary winding of the second transformer T2 is the intermediate frequency end of the first double balanced mixer; the secondary winding of the second transformer T2 is connected with the radio frequency end of the second double balanced mixer, that is, one end of the secondary winding of the second transformer T2 is the radio frequency end of the first double balanced mixer.

[0163] When the IQ mixer chip performs up-conversion, the first microwave signal (LO signal) is divided into two local oscillator signal components with a phase difference of 90 degrees through the 90-degree hybrid bridge, and after the two local oscillator signal components are mixed with the in-phase signal (I signal) input by the in-phase pin and the quadrature-phase signal (Q signal) input by the quadrature-phase pin in the double balanced mixer, the XY signal (RF signal) is obtained by adding the two signals.

[0164] In the embodiment of the application, it is found through a large number of experiments that grounding the empty pin NIC of the IQ mixer chip can effectively suppress the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer microstrip line, and improve the isolation of the first microwave signal to the radio frequency port; as shown in Figure 9 The empty pin NIC of the IQ mixer chip 21042 can be grounded through the ground hole 210411 of the circuit board 21041; by grounding all the empty pins NIC of the IQ mixer chip 21042, the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer microstrip line can be further reduced, the isolation of the first microwave signal to the radio frequency port can be improved, and the adverse effects such as crosstalk between the first microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer can be avoided.

[0165] In an implementable manner, in order to further reduce the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency signal transmitted on the radio frequency outer microstrip line, the worst isolation of the first microwave signal input by the local oscillator port to the radio frequency port and the conversion loss (up-conversion loss or down-conversion loss) of the IQ mixer need to be determined to determine the optimal impedance value of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line.

[0166] It can be understood that the IQ mixer needs to input the first microwave signal from the local oscillator port when up-converting or down-converting, and the isolation of the first microwave signal leaked from the local oscillator port to the radio frequency port is specifically the ratio of the power of the first microwave signal leaked to the radio frequency port to the input power of the first microwave signal, in dB. The greater the isolation, the lower the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency microstrip line; and when the impedance values of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line change, the isolation of the first microwave signal leaked from the local oscillator port to the radio frequency port also changes. In order to make the IQ mixer achieve a smaller conversion loss while achieving optimal isolation, the worst isolation of the first microwave signal leaked from the local oscillator port to the radio frequency port and the corresponding conversion loss of the IQ mixer can be obtained when the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line have multiple different impedance values; for example, by adjusting the diameter of the microstrip line to adjust the impedance value of the microstrip line, that is, the wider the diameter of the microstrip line, the smaller the impedance value, and the narrower the diameter of the microstrip line, the greater the impedance value; and the corresponding worst isolation and conversion loss of the IQ mixer are detected, as shown in Table 1:

[0167] Table 1

[0168] Microstrip line impedance value - Ω Conversion loss - dB Worst isolation - dB A 7.1 33.7 B 6.1 34.8 C 11.1 33.5

[0169] In Table 1, A < B < C; based on the worst isolation and the corresponding conversion loss, the impedance values of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line can be determined from multiple different impedance values. For example, the impedance values can be matched with the conversion loss and the worst isolation, and it can be known that when the impedance value of the microstrip line is BΩ, the conversion loss of the IQ mixer is the lowest and the worst isolation is the largest, that is, the impedance values of the local oscillator microstrip line and the radio frequency microstrip line can be determined as BΩ; so that the conversion loss is reduced as much as possible while the isolation is improved, further reducing the signal radiation between the first microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the radio frequency microstrip line.

[0170] Further, as shown in Figure 9 the microstrip line 21047 in the cavity of the IQ mixer in the embodiment of the application is welded to the port on the side of the cavity through the solder pad 210412, at this time, the wave-absorbing material can be provided at the solder pad 210412; the wave-absorbing material can be graphene-based wave-absorbing material, ferrite, SiC ceramic or Si3N4 ceramic material, etc., which is not limited here. That is, the wave-absorbing material can be provided near the port to further improve the isolation of the first microwave signal to the radio frequency port by absorbing the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal.

[0171] In combination with Figure 8As shown, further, the cavity of the IQ mixer further includes a base 21048; wherein the circuit board 21041 is provided with a mounting hole 210413, and the circuit board 21041 can be mounted on the base 21048 through the mounting hole 210413; wherein the mounting hole 210413 can be provided with an absorbing material, further reducing the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal.

[0172] Further, the cavity of the IQ mixer can further include a base 21048 and a cover plate 21049; the circuit board 21041 is arranged between the base 21048 and the cover plate 21049, and the base 21048 is provided with a groove 210481 corresponding to the circuit board 21041, i.e. the volume of the groove 210481 matches the volume of the circuit board 21041, and the circuit board 21041 can be embedded and mounted in the groove 210481; the cover plate 21049 is attached and mounted on the end face of the opening of the groove 210481, wherein the cover plate 21049 can be screw-mounted through a threaded hole, or buckled and mounted through a buckle, which is not limited here. By mounting the circuit board 21041 in the groove 210481 and attaching and mounting the cover plate 21049 on the end face of the opening of the groove 210481, the circuit board 21041 can be sealed seamlessly with the base 21048 and the cover plate 21049, i.e. the cavity structure of the IQ mixer is sealed seamlessly, reducing the reflection of electromagnetic microwave (first microwave signal and XY signal) in the cavity, thereby reducing the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal. The ground hole of the circuit board 21041 is in good conduction with the base 21048 to ensure good grounding of the empty pin of the IQ mixer chip.

[0173] As can be seen, through the above embodiments, the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal can be continuously further reduced, and the isolation of the first microwave signal to the radio frequency port can be maintained at more than 40dB, effectively avoiding the crosstalk between the first microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer.

[0174] In an implementable manner, when the pins of the IQ mixer chip are connected to each port of the IQ mixer through microstrip lines, the microstrip lines will introduce environmental noise, and there will be attenuation of microwave signals when the microstrip lines transmit microwave signals (first microwave signal or XY signal), so that the corresponding function of the IQ mixer in the quantum measurement and control system is limited, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement and control is reduced. Through the above embodiments, the signal radiation of the first microwave signal and the XY signal is reduced, which can effectively reduce the environmental noise introduced by the microstrip lines and effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement and control.

[0175] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, with reference to Figure 3As shown, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 comprises a second functional mainboard (not indicated); the second functional mainboard is used for receiving intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the upper computer 1, and after receiving a trigger signal, at least one second direct current signal and at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of preset waveforms are generated according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, each pair of the second differential pulse signals and a phase-adapted second direct current signal are mixed to obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal, and the quantum bit frequency modulation signal is sent to a quantum processor.

[0176] In the embodiment of the utility model, after receiving the trigger signal, the second functional mainboard generates at least one pair of first differential pulse signals according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, each pair of second differential pulse signals comprises two pulse signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase, each pair of second differential pulse signals corresponds to a second direct current signal, and each pair of second differential pulse signals and a phase-adapted second direct current signal are mixed to obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0177] In the embodiment of the utility model, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 generates the second differential pulse signal and the second direct current signal through the second functional mainboard, and a pair of second differential pulse signals and a second direct current signal are mixed to obtain a quantum bit frequency modulation signal, compared with the intermediate frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme in the prior art, the high integration of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is realized, complex cable wiring is not needed, storage space can be saved, rack space can be saved when configuring the quantum measurement and control cabinet, the full use of space resources is realized, the quantum bit measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved under the condition that the rack size is unchanged, and because the second functional mainboard realizes the generation and processing functions of multiple signals, the second functional mainboard communicates and interacts with the upper computer 1, and each device does not need to communicate and interact with the upper computer 1 like in the prior art, therefore, the communication switching time is saved, the real-time performance is higher, meanwhile, compared with the intermediate frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the signal is reduced, the signal attenuation is reduced, the effectiveness of the signal is improved, the signal noise is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor is improved.

[0178] In one embodiment, in the above-mentioned quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 3 As shown, in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the second functional mainboard comprises a second carrier board (not shown in the figure) and a second main control chip 2201, a second digital-to-analog converter 2202, a second direct current generating chip 2204 and at least one second combiner 2203 arranged on the second carrier board. The second carrier board is, for example but not limited to, a printed circuit board or other suitable element.

[0179] The second master chip 2201 is connected with the second direct current generating chip 2204 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 respectively.

[0180] The second direct current generating chip 2204 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 are connected with each second combiner 2203 respectively.

[0181] The second master chip 2201 is configured to receive intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate a second pulse signal generation instruction to the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 and a second direct current generation control instruction to the second direct current generating chip 2204 according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information.

[0182] The second digital-to-analog converter 2202 is configured to generate at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the second pulse signal generation instruction.

[0183] The second direct current generating chip 2204 is configured to generate at least one second direct current signal according to the second direct current generation control instruction.

[0184] The second combiner 2203 is configured to mix one pair of second differential pulse signals and one corresponding second direct current signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0185] In one specific embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system comprises a second master chip 2201, a second direct current generating chip 2204, a second digital-to-analog converter 2202 and a second combiner 2203. Figure 3 The second combiner 2203 comprises a second operational amplifier (not shown).

[0186] The second functional mainboard further comprises at least one second filter 2205 arranged on the second carrier board.

[0187] The second filter 2205 is connected between the second direct current generating chip 2204 and the corresponding second operational amplifier.

[0188] The second filter 2205 is configured to filter the second direct current signal to obtain a filtered second direct current signal.

[0189] The second operational amplifier is configured to combine one pair of second differential pulse signals and one corresponding filtered second direct current signal to obtain the quantum bit frequency modulation signal.

[0190] In the embodiment of the utility model, the second combiner 2203 comprises a second operational amplifier (not shown). Figure 3As shown in the above, the second main control chip 2201 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 can be implemented by, for example but not limited to, an FPGA, and the FPGA can be equipped with a second memory chip 2206, such as two 8GB DDR4 high-speed running memory chips, to provide sufficient hardware margin in terms of computing power, and each port can output an arbitrary waveform up to 128ms.

[0191] In the embodiments of the utility model, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the above, the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 can be a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit, so as to meet the requirements of synchronous transmission of arbitrary waveforms and direct current waveforms, including sine wave, square wave and high-order wave, etc. during the measurement and control operation.

[0192] In the embodiments of the utility model, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the above, the second combiner 2203 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 for realizing the conversion of differential signals to single-ended signals adopts an operational amplifier, and a second direct current generating chip 2204 is used to generate a second direct current signal, and the second filter 2205 is used to filter the second direct current signal, and a second operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of second differential pulse signals of the arbitrary waveform output by the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 and a second direct current signal after filtering, which not only improves the quality of the radio frequency signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need for an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, thereby reducing the hardware cost and realizing the integration of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22.

[0193] As a specific example of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 in the embodiments of the utility model, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the above, corresponding to the same second functional mainboard in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 adopts a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit to generate four pairs of second differential pulse signals, and the second direct current generating chip 2204 generates four second direct current signals, and the four second filters 2205 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 filter the four second direct current signals, and then four second operational amplifiers respectively combine the four pairs of first differential pulse signals and the four second direct current signals after filtering to obtain four second single-ended pulse signals, i.e. four quantum bit frequency modulation signals are obtained and sent to the quantum processor. Assuming that the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 contains m second functional mainboards, then 4m quantum bit frequency modulation signals can be finally obtained, wherein m is a positive integer.

[0194] In some other embodiments, at least one second operational amplifier and a corresponding number of at least one second filter 2205 may be provided in the second functional mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 .

[0195] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in the above-mentioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit 22, the second functional mainboard also includes a second network port chip 2207 disposed on the second carrier board. The second network port chip 2207 is connected to the second main control chip 2201 and is used to communicate with the host computer 1 through an external network communication device 8. The RF waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1 is received through the network communication device 8 and output to the second main control chip 2201. The second network port chip 2207 is connected to the network communication device 8 to achieve network communication with the host computer 1, receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information from the network communication device 8 and output to the second main control chip 2201. The network communication device 8 is in communication connection with the host computer 1. Through network communication interaction through the network communication device 8, the host computer 1 can control different intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission units 22 separately, realize the superposition connection of multiple intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmission units 22, realize unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection, and realize the measurement and control of quantum processors with unlimited bit numbers.

[0196] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 3As shown in the figure, the second function mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 further comprises a second clock chip 2211 arranged on the second carrier board, which is configured to convert a fourth clock signal into a fifth clock signal and output the fifth clock signal to the second master control chip 2201 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 and the like. The fifth clock signal is the working clock of the second master control chip 2201 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2202 and the like. The second clock chip 2211 can perform frequency division, frequency multiplication and the like on the fourth clock signal to obtain the fifth clock signal with a frequency required by the remaining devices in the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22. The fourth clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal. The fifth clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, a sampling clock signal and the like. The fourth clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and enhancing the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The second function mainboard can further comprise a second buffer circuit (not shown in the figure), which is configured to receive the first clock signal output by the clock distribution unit 5, and obtain the fourth clock signal by buffering and enhancing the first clock signal. The second buffer circuit is arranged outside the second clock chip 2211 or integrated in the second clock chip 2211.

[0197] In the embodiment of the utility model, the second buffer circuit is integrated in the second clock chip 2211, arranged in other circuit modules or chips, or is an independent circuit module, and the like. Preferably, the second clock chip 2211 has the function of the second buffer circuit, so as to further improve the integration of the whole device.

[0198] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the second function mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 further comprises a second trigger buffer chip 2210 arranged on the second carrier board, which is configured to receive the trigger signal output by the trigger distribution unit 4, buffer and enhance the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the second master control chip 2201.

[0199] Optionally, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the second function mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 further comprises a second trigger buffer chip 2210 arranged on the second carrier board, which is configured to receive the trigger signal output by the trigger distribution unit 4, buffer and enhance the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the second master control chip 2201. Figure 4) outputted synchronization signal, for buffering and enhancing the synchronization signal, and outputting the processed synchronization signal to corresponding devices including the second master chip 2201. The synchronization signal has the same or similar function as the trigger signal.

[0200] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the above intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the second functional mainboard further comprises a second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 arranged on the second carrier board. The second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 is connected with the second master chip 2201, and is used for communication connection with the host computer 1. The second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 is a backup interface.

[0201] Specifically, for example, when the second unit network port (not shown in the figure) of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is in service communication, the host computer 1 can monitor the second functional mainboard (for example, monitor the temperature of the second master chip 2201), issue commands, or restart other related operations such as the second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208.

[0202] The second unit network port is, for example, a 1 / 2 switch. The second unit network port serves as an internal and external interface. The 1 / 2 switch is a 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 or more than 1 / 3 switch.

[0203] In the embodiment of the present application, the second unit network port is a 1 / 2 switch, and accordingly, the unit network port is connected with two second functional mainboards inside the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, and is connected to external network communication equipment 8 outside.

[0204] The quantum control system provided in the embodiment of the utility model, through the second main control chip 2201, the second digital analog converter 2202, the second direct current generating chip 2204 and the second combiner 2203 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 are arranged on the same second function mainboard, high integration of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is realized, when the quantum control cabinet is configured, the rack space can be saved, full use of space resources is realized, compared with the intermediate frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme in the prior art, the quantum bit control capacity of the quantum control cabinet can be greatly improved under the condition that the rack size is unchanged, and because the multiple devices of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit are arranged on the same function mainboard, the second main control chip 2201 communicates with the upper computer 1, each device does not need to communicate with the upper computer, therefore, the communication switching time is saved, the real-time performance is higher, at the same time, compared with the intermediate frequency generating device adopting the discrete scheme, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the signal is reduced, the signal attenuation is reduced, thereby the effectiveness of the signal is improved, the signal noise is reduced, the signal noise ratio is improved, and the quantum logic gate control fidelity of the quantum processor is improved.

[0205] In one embodiment, in the quantum control system, as shown in the figure, the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 comprises a third function mainboard (not indicated) and at least one second frequency mixer 3104 arranged outside the third function mainboard. Figure 4

[0206] The third function mainboard is connected with the at least one second frequency mixer 3104.

[0207] The third function mainboard is used for receiving read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the upper computer, and after receiving a trigger signal, at least one pair of third direct current signals and at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals of preset waveforms are generated according to the read-in signal waveform parameter information, and a second microwave signal is generated, wherein each pair of the third differential pulse signals and a corresponding third direct current signal are mixed to obtain at least two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and the third single-ended pulse signals are output to the corresponding second frequency mixer 3104, and the generated second microwave signal is output to the corresponding second frequency mixer 3104.

[0208] The second frequency mixer 3104 is used for mixing the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90° and the second microwave signal to obtain the read-in signal, and transmitting the read-in signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor.

[0209] ​In the embodiment of the utility model, the cavity of the second frequency mixer 3104 is provided with a same phase port (not marked) and a quadrature phase port (not marked) on one side of the two opposite sides, and is provided with a local oscillator port (not marked) and a radio frequency port (not marked) on the other side, the same phase port and the quadrature phase port are connected with two signal output ports (not marked) on the third function mainboard respectively, for receiving the third single-ended pulse signal of two phase difference 90 ° output from the two signal output ports, the local oscillator port is used for receiving the second microwave signal, so that the second frequency mixer 3104 mixes the third single-ended pulse signal of two phase difference 90 ° received and the second microwave signal received, obtains the read-in signal and outputs through the radio frequency port.

[0210] In the embodiment of the utility model, the third function mainboard generates even pairs of third differential pulse signals after receiving the trigger signal according to the read-in signal waveform parameter information, each pair of third differential pulse signals includes two pulse signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase, each pair of third differential pulse signals corresponds to a third direct current signal, and each two pairs of third differential pulse signals and a pair of matched third direct current signals are mixed to obtain a third single-ended pulse signal of two phase difference 90 °, that is, each pair of third differential pulse signals and a matched third direct current signal are mixed to obtain one of the third single-ended pulse signals of two phase difference 90 °. The two third single-ended pulse signals of two phase difference 90 ° are output to the same second frequency mixer 3104 and mixed with a second microwave signal. For example, assuming that the third function mainboard is connected with i second frequency mixers 3104, the third function mainboard generates 2i pairs of third differential pulse signals, i pairs of third direct current signals and i second microwave signals, wherein i is a positive integer.

[0211] The utility model discloses an embodiment, this radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 realizes generating third difference pulse signal, third direct current signal and second microwave signal through third function mainboard, and through mixing corresponding number's third difference pulse signal and third direct current signal, obtains the third single ended pulse signal of two way phase difference 90 DEG of output to second mixer 3104, after with one way second microwave signal mixes frequency processing, obtains read signal, need not complex cable wiring, can save storage space, when the configuration quantum control cabinet, can save rack space, realized the full use of space resources, under the condition that the rack size is unchangeable, can improve quantum control cabinet's quantum bit's control capacity greatly to quantum, and, because third function mainboard realized the generation and processing function of multiple signals, through third function mainboard and host computer 1 communication interaction, need not like prior art each device single with host computer 1 communication interaction, therefore, saved communication switching time, real time is higher, simultaneously, compared with the radio frequency generating device of discrete scheme can reduce cable quantity greatly, reduced the cable loss of read signal, make signal attenuation reduce, thereby improve the effectiveness of signal, reduced signal noise, improved the signal to noise ratio of signal, is favorable to improve the control fidelity of quantum logic gate of quantum processor.

[0212] Referring to Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1, the third function mainboard includes a third carrier board (not shown in the figure) and a third master control chip 3101, a third digital-to-analog converter 3102, a third direct current generation chip 3106, a second local oscillator microwave source 3105 and at least one pair of third combiners 3103 arranged on the third carrier board. The third carrier board is, for example but not limited to, a printed circuit board or other suitable element.

[0213] The third master control chip 3101 is connected with the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, the third direct current generation chip 3106 and the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 respectively.

[0214] The third digital-to-analog converter 3102 is connected with the at least one pair of third combiners 3103.

[0215] The output end of each pair of third combiners 3103 is connected with the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the corresponding second mixer 3104 respectively, wherein the in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port of the second mixer 3104 are used to receive the third single-ended pulse signal of two way phase difference 90 DEG.

[0216] The third direct current generation chip 3106 is connected with the at least one pair of third combiners 3103.

[0217] The second local oscillator microwave source 3105 is connected with the second mixer 3104.

[0218] The third master chip 3101 is configured to receive read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1, and after receiving a trigger signal, send a third pulse signal generation instruction to the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, send a second microwave signal generation instruction to the second local microwave source 3105, and send a third direct current generation control instruction to the third direct current generation chip 3106 according to the read-in signal waveform parameter information.

[0219] The third digital-to-analog converter 3102 is configured to generate at least two pairs of third differential pulse signals of preset waveforms according to the third pulse signal generation instruction.

[0220] The third direct current generation chip 3106 is configured to generate at least one pair of third direct current signals according to the third direct current generation control instruction.

[0221] The third combiner 3103 is configured to mix one pair of the third differential pulse signals and one corresponding third direct current signal to obtain one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, and output the one of the two third single-ended pulse signals to the corresponding second mixer 3104.

[0222] The second local microwave source 3105 is configured to generate at least one second microwave signal according to the second microwave signal generation instruction, and output the at least one second microwave signal to the corresponding second mixer 3104.

[0223] In one specific embodiment, in the quantum measurement and control system, as shown in Figure 4 The third combiner 3103 includes a third operational amplifier (not labeled).

[0224] The third functional mainboard further includes at least one pair of third filters 3107 arranged on the third carrier board.

[0225] The third direct current generation chip 3106 is connected with the at least one pair of third filters 3107.

[0226] The third filter 3107 is connected with the corresponding third operational amplifier.

[0227] The third filter 3107 is configured to filter the third direct current signal to obtain a filtered third direct current signal.

[0228] The third operational amplifier is configured to combine one pair of the third differential pulse signals and one corresponding filtered third direct current signal to obtain one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0229] In a specific embodiment, the non-inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is used to receive one of a pair of the third differential pulse signals and the filtered, phase-adapted third DC signal, and the inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is used to receive the other of the pair of the third differential pulse signals.

[0230] In a specific embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the RF transmitting subunit 31 further includes at least one second attenuator 3108 disposed outside the third functional main board.

[0231] The second attenuator 3108 is connected to the second mixer 3104 and is used to adjust the amplitude of the read signal. The second attenuator 3108 can adjust the amplitude of the read signal to improve impedance matching.

[0232] In the embodiment of the present invention, illustratively, the second attenuator 3108 can be provided on one side of the dilution refrigerator having the quantum processor.

[0233] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the third main control chip 3101 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting sub-unit 31 can be implemented by FPGA, for example but not limited to. The FPGA can be equipped with a third memory chip 3109. For example, the third memory chip 3109 includes two 8GB DDR4 high-speed running memory chips, which provide sufficient hardware margin in computing power. At the same time, each port can output an arbitrary waveform of up to 128ms.

[0234] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting subunit 31 can adopt a four-channel high-speed DAC with a bandwidth of 2.4GSPS16Bit, so as to meet the requirements of synchronously transmitting arbitrary waveforms and DC waveforms during measurement and control operations, including sine waves, square waves and high-order waves.

[0235] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the third combiner 3103 of the above-mentioned RF transmitting subunit 31, which realizes the conversion of differential signals into single-ended signals, adopts an operational amplifier, and generates a third DC signal by the third DC generating chip 3106, and then filters the third DC signal by the third filter 3107. The third operational amplifier combines a pair of third differential pulse signals of arbitrary waveforms output by the third digital-to-analog converter 3102 and a third DC signal that is adapted after filtering. This not only improves the quality of the RF signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need to prepare an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, as in the prior art, thereby reducing hardware costs and realizing the integration of the transmitting unit.

[0236] In the present utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the second mixer 3104 of the RF transmission subunit 31 is, for example, a passive I / Q mixer. This second mixer 3104 can mix the second microwave signal generated by the onboard second local oscillator microwave source 3105, or mix it with an externally expanded local oscillator microwave signal, to produce the input signal to be output by the RF transmission subunit 31. In this embodiment of the present invention, the second mixer 3104 can be a passive I / Q mixer of a suitable form factor according to integration requirements.

[0237] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the shape and structure of the second mixer 3104 can be similar to the structure of the first mixer 2104. Figure 5 The H-type IQ mixer shown can avoid squeezing of ports between adjacent sides of the second mixers 3104, enable multiple second mixers 3104 to be compactly arranged, and can accommodate the second mixers 3104 together with the devices arranged on the third functional main board in a drawer box, thereby meeting the high-density installation requirements of the RF transmitting sub-unit 31; in addition, no additional cables are required to be connected, or if cables are required to be connected, no additional space is occupied, and wiring is easy, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system and the quantum computing device having the quantum measurement and control system.

[0238] However, alternatively, the first mixer 2104 may be disposed outside the drawer box as needed. Specifically, the second mixer 3104 and the second attenuator 3108 may not be disposed on the third functional mainboard. Accordingly, the third functional mainboard does not include the second mixer 3104 and the second attenuator 3108.

[0239] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cavity of the second mixer 3104 includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip. The components of the second mixer 3104 satisfy the following relationship:

[0240] The IQ mixer chip is arranged on the circuit board, the in-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the in-phase port, the quadrature-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature-phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator port, and the radio frequency pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the radio frequency port;

[0241] The in-phase port and the quadrature-phase port are connected with the corresponding third combiner 3103 respectively, the in-phase port is used for receiving one of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the quadrature-phase port is used for receiving the other of the two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees;

[0242] The local oscillator port is connected with the second local oscillator microwave source 3105, and is used for receiving the second microwave signal.

[0243] The circuit board is provided with a ground hole, and the empty pin of the IQ mixer chip is grounded through the ground hole of the circuit board.

[0244] Specifically, the second mixer 3104 is an H-type IQ mixer, and specific structures and corresponding beneficial effects thereof can be referred to the detailed description of the IQ mixer and the like shown in the above Figures 5 to 11 Therefore, the detailed description will not be repeated here.

[0245] It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the utility model, the second mixer 3104 adopts the H-type IQ mixer shown in the above Figure 5 The two third single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees include in-phase intermediate frequency signals and quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signals, the H-type IQ mixer performs up-conversion, the in-phase port 21043 (I port) and the quadrature-phase port 21044 (Q port) of the IQ mixer respectively input (IN) the in-phase intermediate frequency signals and the quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signals transmitted by the third combiner 3103; meanwhile, the local oscillator port 21045 (LO port) inputs the second microwave signal, that is, the local oscillator signal, the IQ mixer performs frequency mixing on the in-phase intermediate frequency signals and the quadrature-phase intermediate frequency signals and the second microwave signal, and then outputs (OUT) the read-in signal Read In through the radio frequency port 21046 (RF port).

[0246] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 4 The second local oscillator microwave source 3105 of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 can be a chip, for example, but is not limited to, a 2-channel 3.5GHz-8.5GHz on-board microwave source, so that the cost of additional purchase of microwave source equipment can be saved, and the storage space of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 is further saved; and since the third main control chip 3101 is connected with the second local oscillator microwave source 3105, the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 is controlled through the third main control chip 3101, and the communication switching time is further reduced, so that the real-time performance of the measurement and control is improved.

[0247] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 4As shown, the specific structure of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 is similar to that in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, and two read-in signals are finally processed through a third digital-to-analog converter 3102, a second local microwave source 3105, a third direct current generating chip 3106, four third filters 3107, four third operational amplifiers, and two second mixers 3104. The specific implementation manner can refer to the detailed description of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21.

[0248] In the third functional mainboard of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31, the number of each pair of third operational amplifiers is two, and the number of each pair of third filters 3107 is two. In other embodiments, at least one pair of third operational amplifiers and a corresponding at least one pair of third filters 3107 can be arranged in the third functional mainboard, and each pair of third operational amplifiers and a pair of third filters 3107 are correspondingly connected to a second mixer 3104.

[0249] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 4 As shown, in the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31, the third functional mainboard further includes a third network port chip 3110 arranged on the third carrier board. The third network port chip 3110 is connected with the third main control chip 3101 and is used for communicating with the host computer 1 through an external network communication device 8, receiving the read-in signal waveform parameter information sent by the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8, and outputting to the third main control chip 3101. The third network port chip 3110 is connected with the network communication device 8, realizes network communication with the host computer 1, receives the read-in signal waveform parameter information from the network communication device 8 and outputs to the third main control chip 3101. The network communication device 8 is connected in communication with the host computer 1. Through network communication interaction of the network communication device 8, the host computer 1 can control different radio frequency transmitting subunits 31 respectively, realize superimposed connection of multiple radio frequency transmitting subunits 31, realize unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection, and realize unlimited bit number increase of quantum processor measurement and control.

[0250] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 4As shown in the above radio frequency transmitting subunit 31, the third function mainboard further comprises a third clock chip 3114 disposed on the third carrier board, which is configured to convert the sixth clock signal into a seventh clock signal and output the seventh clock signal to the third master control chip 3101, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, the second local microwave source 3105 and other devices. The seventh clock signal is the working clock of the third master control chip 3101, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, the second local microwave source 3105 and other devices. The third clock chip 3114 can perform frequency division / multiplication operation on the sixth clock signal, for example, to obtain the seventh clock signal with a frequency required by the remaining devices in the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31. The sixth clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal. The seventh clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, a sampling clock signal and other clock signals. The sixth clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and enhancing the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The first function mainboard can further comprise a third buffer circuit (not shown in the figure), configured to receive the first clock signal output by the clock distribution unit 5, and obtain the sixth clock signal by buffering and enhancing the first clock signal. The third buffer circuit is disposed outside the third clock chip 3114 or integrated in the third clock chip 3114.

[0251] In the embodiment of the utility model, the third buffer circuit is integrated in the third clock chip 3114, disposed in other circuit modules or chips, or is an independent circuit module, and the like. Preferably, the third clock chip 3114 has the function of the third buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the whole device.

[0252] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 4 As shown in the above radio frequency transmitting subunit 31, the third function mainboard further comprises a third trigger buffer chip 3113 disposed on the third carrier board, which is configured to receive the trigger signal output by the trigger distribution unit 4, buffer and enhance the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the third master control chip 3101.

[0253] Optionally, referring to Figure 4 As shown in the above radio frequency transmitting subunit 31, the third function mainboard further comprises a third synchronous buffer chip 3112 disposed on the third carrier board, which is configured to receive the synchronous signal buffered and distributed by the synchronous signal buffer distribution chip 3203 (see Figure 4) outputted synchronization signal, for buffering and enhancing the synchronization signal, and outputting the processed synchronization signal to corresponding devices including the third master chip 3101 and the like. The synchronization signal has the same or similar function as the trigger signal.

[0254] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 In the above radio frequency transmitting subunit 31, the third functional mainboard further includes a third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111 disposed on the third carrier board. The third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111 is connected with the third master chip 3101 and is used for communication connection with the host computer 1. The third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111 is a backup interface.

[0255] Specifically, for example, when the third unit network port (not shown in the figure) of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 is in service communication, the host computer 1 can monitor the third functional mainboard (for example, monitor the temperature of the third master chip 3101), issue commands, or restart other related operations through the third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111.

[0256] The third unit network port serves as an internal and external interface. In the embodiment of the present application, the unit network port is connected with one third functional mainboard inside the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and is connected to external network communication equipment 8 externally.

[0257] The quantum measurement and control system provided in the embodiment of the present application can realize high integration of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 by disposing the third master chip 3101, the third digital-to-analog converter 3102, the third combiner 3103, the third direct current generation chip 3106, and the second local oscillator microwave source 3105 and the like different devices on the same third functional mainboard, can save rack space when configuring the quantum measurement and control cabinet, realizes full use of space resources, and can greatly improve the quantum bit measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet compared with the transmitting unit adopting the discrete scheme in the prior art under the condition that the rack size is unchanged. Moreover, since the multiple devices of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 are disposed on the same functional mainboard and communicate and interact with the host computer 1 through the third master chip 3101, it is not necessary to separately communicate and interact with the host computer 1 for each device, thus, the communication switching time is saved, the real-time performance is higher, at the same time, compared with the radio frequency transmitting subunit adopting the discrete scheme, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the read-in signal is reduced, the signal attenuation is reduced, thus, the effectiveness of the signal is improved, the signal noise is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the quantum processor is improved.

[0258] In the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can adopt the same or similar structure. The frequency range of the radio frequency signal that can be output by the structure of the radio frequency transmitting unit is, for example but not limited to, 1 GHz to 20 GHz. Among them, when the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is used as a component of the transmitting unit 2, the transmitted radio frequency signal is used as a quantum bit driving signal, and the frequency range is, for example but not limited to, 4 GHz to 6 GHz. When the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 is used as a component of the quantum analysis unit 3, the transmitted radio frequency signal is used as a read-in signal, and the frequency range is, for example but not limited to, 6 GHz to 8 GHz.

[0259] In one embodiment, in the quantum measurement and control system, as shown in Figure 4 The acquisition subunit 32 includes a fourth functional mainboard (not marked) and at least one demodulator 3205 arranged outside the fourth functional mainboard.

[0260] The fourth functional mainboard is connected with the at least one demodulator 3205.

[0261] The demodulator 3205 is used for receiving the readout signal output from the quantum processor, and performing mixing processing on the readout signal and the input third microwave signal to obtain a fourth single-ended pulse signal.

[0262] The fourth functional mainboard is used for converting each fourth single-ended pulse signal into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals, processing each pair of fourth differential pulse signals to obtain a quantum measurement and control experiment result, and processing the quantum measurement and control experiment result and returning the processed quantum computing result to the host computer.

[0263] The utility model embodiment, this acquisition subunit 32 mixes the fourth single ended pulse signal through demodulator to the readout signal and a third microwave signal of receiving, this fourth function mainboard will every fourth single ended pulse signal convert corresponding fourth differential pulse signal and handle, obtain quantum computation result. The high integration of acquisition subunit 32 is realized, need not complex cable wiring, can save storage space, when the configuration quantum control and measurement equipment cabinet, can save rack space, realized the full use of space resources, under the condition that the rack size is unchangeable, can improve quantum control and measurement equipment cabinet's quantum bit's control and measurement capacity greatly, and because fourth function mainboard realized signal processing function, through fourth function mainboard and host computer 1 communication interaction, quantum computation result is sent to host computer 1, need not like prior art every device individual with host computer 1 communication interaction, therefore, saved communication switching time, real-time is higher, simultaneously, compared with the quantum analysis appearance of discrete scheme can reduce cable quantity greatly, reduced the cable loss of readout signal, make signal attenuation reduce, thereby improve the effectiveness of signal, reduced signal noise, improved the signal to noise ratio, is favorable to improve quantum processor's quantum logic gate's control and measurement fidelity.

[0264] The utility model embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The fourth function mainboard includes a fourth carrier board (not shown in the figure) and a fourth master control chip 3201, an analog-to-digital converter 3204, and at least one single-ended-to-differential converter 3210 arranged on the fourth carrier board.

[0265] The fourth master control chip 3201, the analog-to-digital converter 3204, and each single-ended-to-differential converter 3210 are connected respectively.

[0266] Each single-ended-to-differential converter 3210 is connected to the corresponding demodulator 3205.

[0267] The single-ended-to-differential converter 3210 is used to convert the fourth single-ended pulse signal into a pair of fourth differential pulse signals.

[0268] The analog-to-digital converter 3204 is used to process each pair of fourth differential pulse signals to obtain the quantum control and measurement experimental results and send them to the fourth master control chip 3201.

[0269] The fourth master control chip 3201 is used to process the received quantum control and measurement experimental results and return the quantum computation results obtained by processing to the host computer 1.

[0270] In one embodiment, the single-ended to differential converter 3210 can employ a balun transformer of the prior art. The demodulator 3205 can also employ a single-ended mixer of the prior art.

[0271] In one embodiment, referring to Fig. 3, the second local microwave source 3105 is connected to the at least one demodulator 3205 for generating at least one third microwave signal. Figure 4

[0272] In another embodiment, referring to Fig. 3, the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 further comprises a third local microwave source 3206 disposed on the fourth carrier board. Figure 4

[0273] The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to send a third microwave signal generation instruction to the third local microwave source.

[0274] The third local microwave source 3206 is connected to the at least one demodulator 3205 for generating at least one third microwave signal according to the third microwave signal generation instruction.

[0275] It is noted that, referring to Fig. 3, the third local microwave source 3206 of the acquisition subunit 32 is integrated as a backup device on the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32, and the third local microwave source 3206 is not connected to the demodulator 3205. Figure 4 In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Fig. 3, the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 further comprises a trigger control pulse chip 3202 disposed on the fourth carrier board.

[0276] Figure 4 The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to receive a measurement and control trigger instruction of the host computer 1 and send a trigger signal generation instruction to the trigger control pulse chip 3202.

[0277] The trigger control pulse chip 3202 is configured to receive the measurement and control trigger instruction and generate the trigger signal.

[0278] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Fig. 3, the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 further comprises a synchronous signal buffer distribution chip 3203 disposed on the fourth carrier board.

[0279] The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to receive a synchronous signal trigger instruction of the host computer and send a synchronous signal generation instruction to the synchronous signal buffer distribution chip 3203. Figure 4

[0280] The fourth main control chip 3201 is further configured to receive a synchronous signal trigger instruction of the host computer and send a synchronous signal generation instruction to the synchronous signal buffer distribution chip 3203. ​​​​

[0281] The synchronization signal buffer distribution chip 3203 is configured to generate a synchronization signal after receiving a synchronization signal generation instruction.

[0282] In one embodiment, in the quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 1 The clock switching module 7 and a temperature compensated clock chip (not shown in the figure) are further included.

[0283] The temperature compensated clock chip is integrated in the transmitting unit 2 or the quantum analysis unit 3, and the temperature compensated clock chip is configured to generate the first clock signal.

[0284] The clock switching module 7 has input ends connected to the temperature compensated clock chip and an external clock source respectively, and the external clock source is configured to provide the first clock signal.

[0285] The clock switching module 7 has an output end connected to the clock distribution unit 5.

[0286] The clock switching module 7 is configured to switch the first clock signal input from the temperature compensated clock chip or the clock source.

[0287] In a specific embodiment, the temperature compensated clock chip can be arranged on a first functional mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, a second functional mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, a third functional mainboard of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 or a fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32. Thus, the integration of the quantum measurement and control system is further improved.

[0288] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 further includes at least one low-frequency amplifier 3207 arranged outside the fourth carrier board.

[0289] The low-frequency amplifier 3207 is connected to the corresponding demodulator 3205, and is configured to perform signal amplification processing on the readout signal and send the readout signal to the demodulator 3205.

[0290] In the embodiment, the low-frequency amplifier 3207 is arranged outside the fourth carrier board. For example, the low-frequency amplifier 3207 can be arranged on the side of the dilution refrigerator with a quantum processor.

[0291] In the embodiment, referring to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the fourth main control chip 3201 of the acquisition subunit 32 can be implemented by, for example but not limited to, an FPGA, and the FPGA can be loaded with a fourth memory chip 3208. For example, the fourth memory chip 3208 includes two 8GB DDR4 high-speed running memory chips, and provides sufficient hardware margin in computing power.

[0292] In the embodiment of the utility model, refer to Figure 4 The single-ended to differential converter 3210 realizes single-ended to differential signal processing, avoids the need to prepare an additional single-ended to differential converter when building a quantum measurement and control system, and realizes integration of the acquisition subunit 32.

[0293] In the embodiment of the utility model, refer to Figure 4 The analog-to-digital converter 3204 of the acquisition subunit 32 can adopt a 14-bit, 1.0-GSPS high-speed ADC acquisition chip, which can perform signal acquisition and analysis on the quantum computing result fed back by the quantum processor in the dilution refrigerator after frequency down conversion.

[0294] In the embodiment of the utility model, refer to Figure 4 In the acquisition subunit 32, the fourth function mainboard further comprises a fourth network port chip 3209 arranged on the fourth carrier board, the fourth network port chip 3209 is connected with the fourth main control chip 3201, and is used for communicating with the upper computer 1 through an external network communication device 8. The fourth network port chip 3209 is connected with the network communication device 8, and network communication with the upper computer 1 is realized. Network communication interaction is realized through the network communication device 8, the upper computer 1 can control different acquisition subunits respectively, a plurality of acquisition subunits 32 are connected in a stacked manner, unlimited superconducting multi-bit connection is realized, and quantum processor measurement and control with unlimited bit number increase is realized.

[0295] In the embodiment of the utility model, refer to Figure 4As shown in the above collecting subunit 32, the fourth function mainboard further comprises a fourth clock chip 3211 disposed on the fourth carrier board, configured to convert the eighth clock signal into a ninth clock signal and output the ninth clock signal to the fourth main control chip 3201, the analog-to-digital converter 3204, the third local oscillation microwave source 3206 and the like. The ninth clock signal is the working clock of the second main control chip 2201, the analog-to-digital converter 3204, the third local oscillation microwave source 3206 and the like. The fourth clock chip 3211 may, for example, perform frequency division / multiplier operation on the eighth clock signal to obtain the ninth clock signal with a frequency required by the remaining devices in the collecting subunit 32. The eighth clock signal is, for example, a source clock signal (Source Clock Signal). The ninth clock signal includes, for example, any one or more of a system clock signal (System Clock Signal), a device clock signal (Device Clock Signal), a sampling clock signal and the like. The eighth clock signal is, for example, a clock signal obtained by buffering and enhancing the first clock signal through a buffer circuit. The fourth function mainboard can further comprise a fourth buffer circuit (not shown in the figure), configured to receive the first clock signal output by the clock distribution unit 5 and obtain the eighth clock signal by buffering and enhancing the first clock signal. The fourth buffer circuit is disposed outside the fourth clock chip 3211 or integrated in the fourth clock chip 3211.

[0296] In the embodiments of the utility model, the fourth buffer circuit is integrated in the fourth clock chip 3211, disposed in other circuit modules or chips, or is an independent circuit module, and the like. Preferably, the fourth clock chip 3211 has the function of the fourth buffer circuit, thereby further improving the integration of the whole device.

[0297] In one embodiment, in the above quantum measurement and control system, the fourth function mainboard in the collecting subunit 32 can comprise a fourth RS485 / 422 communication interface (not shown in the figure) disposed on the fourth carrier board, serving as a backup interface to realize communication with the host computer 1. The specific implementation process can refer to the detailed description of the first RS485 / 422 communication interface 2111, the second RS485 / 422 communication interface 2208 or the third RS485 / 422 communication interface 3111, and here, the description is omitted.

[0298] The quantum measurement and control system provided in the embodiment of the utility model, through the fourth main control chip 3201, the analog-digital converter 3204 and the single-ended to differential converter 3210 of the acquisition subunit 32 are arranged on the same fourth function mainboard, high integration of the acquisition subunit 32 is realized, when the quantum measurement and control cabinet is configured, the rack space can also be saved, the full use of space resources is realized, under the condition that the rack size is unchanged, compared with the quantum analyzer adopting the discrete scheme in the prior art, the measurement and control capacity of the quantum bits of the quantum measurement and control cabinet can be greatly improved, and since the plurality of devices of the acquisition subunit are arranged on the same function mainboard, the fourth main control chip 3201 and the host computer 1 are communicated with each other, the quantum calculation result is sent to the host computer 1, each device does not need to communicate and interact with the host computer 1, therefore, the communication switching time is saved, the real-time performance is higher, at the same time, compared with the quantum analyzer adopting the discrete scheme, the number of cables can be greatly reduced, the cable loss of the readout signal is reduced, the readout signal attenuation is reduced, thereby the effectiveness of the signal is improved, the signal noise is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved, and the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gate of the superconducting quantum chip is improved.

[0299] In one embodiment, in the quantum measurement and control system described above, referring to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the network communication device 8 is connected with the at least one transmitting unit 2 and the at least one quantum analysis unit 3 through network long net lines, that is, each radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 are connected through network long net lines. In this way, signal delay transmission time inequality can be avoided, and the consistency of signal transmission can be ensured.

[0300] The quantum measurement and control system provided in the embodiment of the utility model, the transmitting unit 2 includes at least one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21; and each intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and each radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be integrated through function mainboards and the like. For the quantum analysis unit 3, similarly, the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 inside the quantum analysis unit 3 are integrated by using function mainboards and the like. The above design improves the integration of the whole measurement and control system, on the one hand, greatly reduces the space occupied by the quantum measurement and control system, reduces the hardware cost, and makes it easier to quickly build the quantum measurement and control system; on the other hand, high integration also greatly reduces the use amount of complex cables, greatly improves the measurement and control capacity of quantum bits in the same physical space, and improves the function and application range of the measurement and control system.

[0301] In the quantum measurement and control system, the transmitting unit 2 and the quantum analysis unit 3 can adopt the improved scheme provided in the embodiment of the utility model; or the transmitting unit 2 can adopt the improved scheme provided in the embodiment of the utility model, and the quantum analysis unit 3 adopts the scheme of the prior art; or the transmitting unit 2 adopts the implementation scheme in the prior art, and the quantum analysis unit 3 adopts the improved scheme provided in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0302] In the embodiment of the utility model, the trigger distribution unit 4 can be implemented by multiple trigger buffers. For example, referring to Fig. 4, the trigger distribution unit 4 includes six 1 / 5 trigger buffers, including one main trigger buffer 401 and five sub trigger buffers 402. Figure 12 The main trigger buffer 401 divides the trigger signal into five synchronous trigger signals, and the five sub trigger buffers 402 divide the five trigger signals into five synchronous trigger signals, and finally output 25 synchronous trigger signals. In the embodiment of the utility model, the trigger signal can come from an external trigger source or be generated by the trigger control pulse chip 3202 of the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3. Of course, in some other embodiments, the trigger signal can be generated by the trigger control pulse chip (not shown in the figure) integrated in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 or the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31. Through trigger signal buffer distribution, the real-time synchronous opening and alignment function of the transmitting unit 2 is realized. The trigger signal buffer distribution process does not cause any attenuation of the trigger signal, and can ensure that the output amplitude of the trigger signal meets the requirements.

[0303] In the embodiment of the utility model, the clock distribution unit 5 can be implemented by multiple clock buffers. For example, referring to Fig. 5, the clock distribution unit 5 includes six 1 / 5 clock buffers, including one main clock buffer 501 and five sub clock buffers 502. Figure 13 The main clock buffer 501 divides the first clock signal into five synchronous first clock signals, and the five sub clock buffers 502 divide the five first clock signals into five synchronous first clock signals, and finally output 25 synchronous first clock signals. Through the clock distribution unit 5, the temperature compensation clock or the first clock signal input by the external clock source can be buffered and distributed to each transmitting unit 2 and quantum analysis unit 3. Through the first clock signal buffer distribution, the real-time synchronous alignment clock function is realized. The first clock signal buffer distribution process does not cause any attenuation of the clock signal, and can ensure that the output amplitude of the clock signal meets the requirements.

[0304] In one embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 14As shown, the system further comprises at least one power distribution unit 6.

[0305] The power distribution unit 6 is connected with the at least one transmitting unit 2, the at least one quantum analysis unit 3, the at least one trigger distribution unit 4 and the at least one clock distribution unit 5 respectively.

[0306] In one embodiment, in the quantum control system as above, referring to Figure 14 As shown, the power distribution unit 6 comprises a mechanical power switch 601, a power filter 602, a self-locking button switch 604, a distribution box 605, at least one power conversion module 606 and a power output connector 607.

[0307] The mechanical power switch 601, the power filter 602, the distribution box 605, the at least one power conversion module 606 and the power output connector 607 are connected in sequence.

[0308] The self-locking button switch 604 is connected between the distribution box 605 and the at least one power conversion module 606.

[0309] The mechanical power switch 601 is configured to connect or disconnect the electrical connection with the external input power supply (not shown).

[0310] The power filter 602 is configured to filter the input alternating voltage signal of the input power supply.

[0311] The self-locking button switch 604 is configured to connect or disconnect the electrical connection between the distribution box 605 and the input end of the at least one power conversion module 606.

[0312] The distribution box 605 is configured to divide the filtered input alternating voltage signal into at least one filtered input alternating voltage signal.

[0313] The power conversion module 606 is configured to convert the filtered input alternating voltage signal into corresponding at least one direct current voltage signal.

[0314] The power output connector 607 is configured to output each of the direct current voltage signals to the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3, transmitting unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4 and clock distribution unit 5.

[0315] In a specific embodiment, the power output connector 607 is specifically configured to output each of the direct current voltage signals to the first functional mainboard and the second functional mainboard of the corresponding transmitting unit 2, the third functional mainboard and the fourth functional mainboard of the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3, the trigger distribution unit 4 and the clock distribution unit 5.

[0316] In a specific embodiment, the power distribution unit 6 may further include a fuse 603 connected between the mechanical power switch 601 and the input power supply.

[0317] In an embodiment of the present invention, the splitter 605 can be a 1-outlet 3-way splitter 605 or other multi-way splitter 605, which can be used to split the filtered input AC voltage signal into a corresponding number of filtered input AC voltage signals. The power conversion module 606 can convert the AC 110V-250V input power supply AC voltage signal into multiple DC voltage signals, such as 12V DC voltage signals, where the power of each 12V DC voltage signal can be, for example, 100W. Correspondingly, one output end of each power conversion module 606 is connected to a power output connector 607, which is connected to each quantum analysis unit 3, transmitter unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4, and clock distribution unit 5 that requires power, outputting each DC voltage signal to the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3, transmitter unit 2, trigger distribution unit 4, and clock distribution unit 5. The power output connector 607 can be an aviation power output connector, or other suitable output connector.

[0318] When the power distribution unit 6 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is used, it is necessary to first turn on the mechanical power switch 601, connect the electrical connection with the external input power supply, and power on the power distribution unit 6. After that, the self-locking key switch 604 is turned on, and the electrical connection between the output end of the splitter 605 and the input end of at least one power conversion module 606 is connected, so that the power conversion modules 606 of each path of the power distribution unit 6 are powered on, and each path outputs a DC voltage signal (12V). The self-locking key switch 604 avoids the instantaneous surge impact when the single mechanical power switch 601 is powered on and the problem of shortening the service life caused by the mechanical power switch 601 being subjected to a large current impact and sparking. Each DC voltage signal is output through an independent path, avoiding the influence of mutual ripple fluctuations caused by power imbalance between channels.

[0319] In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system further includes: at least one first drawer box 2100 , at least one second drawer box 2200 and at least one third drawer box 3100 .

[0320] The first functional mainboard is housed in the corresponding first drawer box 2100 ; at least one first mixer 2104 connected to the first functional mainboard is housed in the first drawer box 2100 , or is disposed outside the first drawer box 2100 .

[0321] The second functional mainboard is accommodated in the corresponding second drawer box 2200.

[0322] The third functional mainboard and the fourth functional mainboard are accommodated in the corresponding third drawer box 3100; at least one second frequency mixer 3104 connected with the third functional mainboard is accommodated in the third drawer box 3100 or arranged outside the third drawer box 3100; and at least one demodulator 3205 connected with the fourth functional mainboard is accommodated in the third drawer box 3100 or arranged outside the third drawer box 3100.

[0323] In the embodiment of the utility model, the at least one first drawer box 2100, the at least one second drawer box 2200 and the at least one third drawer box 3100 can be arranged in the rack 200 of the quantum measurement and control cabinet.

[0324] In a specific embodiment, the number of quantum bit frequency modulation signals output by the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is twice the number of quantum bit driving signals output by the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21.

[0325] The number of the at least one first drawer box 2100 is twice the number of the at least one second drawer box 2200, and each second drawer box 2200 is arranged between two first drawer boxes 2100.

[0326] At least one first functional mainboard is placed in the first drawer box 2100.

[0327] The same number of second functional mainboards as the number of the at least one first functional mainboard is placed in the second drawer box 2200.

[0328] In a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown in the figure, the quantum measurement and control system further comprises at least one fourth drawer box 410 and at least one fifth drawer box 510.

[0329] The trigger distribution unit 4 is accommodated in the corresponding fourth drawer box 410.

[0330] The clock distribution unit 5 is accommodated in the corresponding fifth drawer box 510.

[0331] The at least one fourth drawer box 410 and the at least one fifth drawer box 510 can also be arranged in the rack 200.

[0332] In a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown in the figure, the quantum measurement and control system further comprises a sixth drawer box 610.

[0333] The power distribution unit 6 is accommodated in the sixth drawer box 610.

[0334] The sixth drawer box 610 can also be arranged in the rack 200.

[0335] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the quantum measurement and control system further comprises a seventh drawer box 710, and the network communication device 8 can be accommodated in the seventh drawer box 710.

[0336] The seventh drawer box 710 can also be arranged in the rack 200.

[0337] In order to provide a more detailed description of the quantum measurement and control system, the following will be described in combination with Figures 1 to 16 The measurement and control implementation process of the quantum measurement and control system will be described in detail as follows:

[0338] The measurement and control personnel connect at least one quantum analysis unit 3 and at least one emission unit 2 of the quantum measurement and control system 100 with the host computer 1 according to the needs of the test measurement and control, and connect the trigger distribution unit 4 and the clock distribution unit 5 with the corresponding quantum analysis unit 3 and emission unit 2 respectively.

[0339] For example, the quantum measurement and control system can include a main part arranged in the rack 200 and other parts arranged on one side of the dilution refrigerator. Specifically, assuming that the rack 200 is a 22U rack, the first functional mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform emission unit 21 can be first accommodated in the first drawer box 2100, the second functional mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform emission unit 22 can be accommodated in the second drawer box 2200, the third functional mainboard of the radio frequency emission subunit 31 of the quantum analysis unit 3 and the fourth functional mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 can be accommodated in the third drawer box 3100, the trigger distribution unit 4 can be accommodated in the fourth drawer box 410, the clock distribution unit 5 can be accommodated in the fifth drawer box 510, and the power distribution unit 6 can be accommodated in the sixth drawer box 610. The network communication device 8 for realizing communication between the quantum measurement and control system and the host computer is accommodated in the seventh drawer box 710. Then, the drawer boxes are arranged in the rack 200 in a set arrangement order, stacked up and down, to assemble into a quantum measurement and control cabinet, and the quantum analysis unit 3 and the emission unit 2 realize communication interaction with the host computer 1 through the network communication device 8. Referring to Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown, in the quantum measurement and control cabinet, the seventh drawer box 710, the fourth drawer box 410, the fifth drawer box 510, the plurality of first drawer boxes 2100, the plurality of second drawer boxes 2200 and the sixth drawer box 610 are arranged in the rack 200 in the order from high to low. Wherein, each radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can include two first function mainboards, the two first function mainboards are placed in the same first drawer box 2100, so that 4-way XY signals (i.e. RF-AWG in Figure 16 ) can be output, each intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 can include two second function mainboards, the two second function mainboards are placed in the same second drawer box 2200, 8-way Z signals (i.e. Flux in Figure 16 ) can be output, and when arranged, one second drawer box 2200 is arranged between every two first drawer boxes 2100, so that one function module is formed by every two radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting units 21 and one intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22, 8 qubits can be controlled, the two first drawer boxes 2100 and the second drawer box 2200 can occupy 1U unit in the rack 200. Wherein, the third function mainboard of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 in the quantum analysis unit 3 and the fourth function mainboard of the acquisition subunit 32 are accommodated in the same third drawer box 3100, the third drawer box 3100 can occupy 1U unit in the rack 200. The seventh drawer box 710, the fourth drawer box 410 and the fifth drawer box 510 can respectively occupy 1U unit, since the power distribution unit 6 has a large volume, the sixth drawer box 610 occupies about 3U units, through reasonable layout, one 22U cabinet can be provided with 5 groups of the above function modules, therefore, about 40 qubits can be controlled, compared with the conventional discrete room temperature measurement and control scheme, the measurement and control capacity of the qubits is greatly improved.

[0340] In the embodiment, at least one first mixer 2104 connected with the first function mainboard in the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 can be arranged in the corresponding first drawer box 2100, and the first attenuator 2108 can be arranged on the side of the dilution refrigerator. The at least one second mixer 3104 connected with the third function mainboard in the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the demodulator 3205 connected with the fourth function mainboard in the acquisition subunit 32 in the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 can be arranged in the corresponding third drawer box 3100, and the second attenuator 3108 of the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the low frequency amplifier 3207 of the acquisition subunit 32 can be arranged on the side of the dilution refrigerator.

[0341] When the quantum measurement and control system is used for measurement and control, the measurement and control personnel inputs the qubits to be experimentally measured and controlled for programming through the host computer 1, and then communicates and interacts with the quantum analysis unit 3 and the transmitting unit 2 through the network communication equipment 8 through network communication transmission.

[0342] The clock distribution unit 5 divides a first clock signal into synchronous multiple first clock signals, and outputs the multiple first clock signals to the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 of the transmitting unit 2 connected and the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3, to realize the clock synchronization of the whole measurement and control system. The first clock signal is a base clock signal.

[0343] After the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 of the transmitting unit 2 receive the radio frequency waveform parameter information and the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, they enter a waiting trigger state.

[0344] The host computer 1 sends a measurement and control trigger instruction to the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3 through the network communication device 8; the trigger control pulse chip 3202 of the acquisition subunit 32 receives the measurement and control trigger instruction, generates the trigger signal, divides a trigger signal into synchronous multiple trigger signals through the trigger distribution unit 4, and outputs the multiple trigger signals to the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 of the transmitting unit 2 connected and the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3, to trigger the switching actions of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 and the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 of each transmitting unit 2 and the radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 and the acquisition subunit 32 of the quantum analysis unit 3.

[0345] The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 of the transmitting unit 2 emits a Z signal, and the frequency range of the Z signal is, for example but not limited to, 0 to 500 MHz; the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 of the transmitting unit 2 emits an XY signal, and the frequency range of the XY signal is, for example but not limited to, 4 to 6 GHz. The Z signal of the intermediate frequency and the high-frequency XY signal with a frequency close to the energy level interval of the quantum bit can make the quantum bit oscillate between the ground state |0> and the excited state |1>, so as to realize various quantum logic gates. The radio frequency transmitting subunit 31 emits a read-in signal Read In, which is transmitted to the quantum processor in the dilution refrigerator through a radio frequency channel to perform a measurement and control experiment, and the frequency range of the read-in signal is, for example but not limited to, 6 to 8 GHz.

[0346] The read-in signal Read In is transmitted to a quantum processor, enters a resonant cavity, is indirectly capacitively coupled to a quantum bit, is reflected through the resonant cavity to become a read-out signal Read Out carrying information of the resonant cavity and the quantum bit, the read-out signal Read Out is read by a collection subunit 32, the quantum computing result is obtained by processing the read-out signal, and the quantum computing result is transmitted to the upper computer 1 through the network communication device 8 for display.

[0347] Based on the same inventive concept, the utility model embodiment further provides a kind of intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device and quantum measurement and control cabinet, since these intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device and quantum measurement and control cabinet are realized by the aforementioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit, the principle of the problem solved corresponds to the aforementioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit, so the implementation of intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device and quantum measurement and control cabinet can be referred to the implementation of the aforementioned embodiment, and repeated place is not described repeatedly.

[0348] The utility model embodiment further provides an intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device, comprising: a second drawer box 2200 and the aforementioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22.

[0349] The second function mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 22 is accommodated in the second drawer box 2200.

[0350] The utility model embodiment further provides a quantum measurement and control cabinet, comprising a rack 200 and the aforementioned intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device.

[0351] The second drawer box 2200 of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device is arranged in the rack 200.

[0352] In one specific embodiment, the quantum measurement and control cabinet further comprises at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device.

[0353] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device comprises a first drawer box 2100 and a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21, and the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 comprises a first function mainboard and at least one first frequency mixer 2104 disposed outside the first function mainboard, and the first function mainboard is connected with the at least one first frequency mixer 2104.

[0354] The first function mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit 21 is accommodated in the first drawer box 2100.

[0355] And the at least one first frequency mixer 2104 connected with the first function mainboard is accommodated in the first drawer box 2100 or arranged outside the first drawer box 2100.

[0356] The first drawer box 2100 is arranged in the rack.

[0357] The quantum measurement and control cabinet provided in the embodiment of the utility model, through the arrangement of each drawer box in the rack, through the drawer type design, the independent installation and disassembly of each function module can be realized, the maintenance and management are convenient, when the single function module appears the failure or needs the upgrade, the easy replacement can also be realized, the maintenance personnel can quickly locate the function module which needs to be maintained, the time of searching and disassembling other function modules is reduced, thereby the maintenance efficiency is improved. Moreover, the drawer type design makes the internal space of the cabinet be fully utilized, each drawer box can place one or more function mainboards according to the actual demand, the space waste is avoided, different drawer boxes can be adjusted and arranged in the rack according to the actual need, easy to expand and increase, to adapt to different measurement and control requirements.

[0358] In the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the rack 200 can also be arranged with the third drawer box 3100, the fourth drawer box 410, the fifth drawer box 510, the sixth drawer box 610 and the seventh drawer box 710 in the quantum measurement and control system 100.

[0359] In one specific embodiment, in the quantum measurement and control cabinet, at least one first drawer box 2100, at least one second drawer box 2200, at least one third drawer box 3100, at least one fourth drawer box 410, at least one fifth drawer box 510, the sixth drawer box 610 and the seventh drawer box 710 are arranged in the rack 200 according to the set arrangement order.

[0360] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the utility model can be provided as a method, a system or a computer program product. Therefore, the utility model can adopt a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the utility model can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage and optical storage) containing computer usable program code.

[0361] The utility model discloses a method, device (system) and computer program product according to the flow chart and / or block diagram of the embodiments of the utility model are described. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flow chart and / or block diagram and the combination of the flow and / or block in the flow chart and / or block diagram can be realized by computer program instruction. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instruction executed by the processor of computer or other programmable data processing device produces a method for realizing the function specified in the flow Figure 1 One or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 One or more blocks or flows.

[0362] These computer program instructions can also be stored in the computer readable storage medium that can guide the computer or other programmable data processing device to work in the specific way, so that the instruction stored in the computer readable storage medium produces the manufacture including instruction device, and the instruction device realizes the function specified in the flow Figure 1 One or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 One or more blocks or flows.

[0363] These computer program instructions can also be loaded to the computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce the computer implemented processing, so that the instruction executed on the computer or other programmable device provides the steps for realizing the function specified in the flow Figure 1 One or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 One or more blocks or flows.

[0364] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the utility model belong to the scope of the claims of the utility model and its equivalent technologies, the utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A medium frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit of a quantum measurement and control system, characterized in that: include: Second function motherboard; The second functional main board is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, generate at least one second DC signal and at least one pair of second differential pulse signals with a preset waveform according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, and mix each pair of the second differential pulse signals with a matching second DC signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal.

2. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 1, wherein: The second functional mainboard includes a second carrier board and a second main control chip, a second DC generating chip, a second digital-to-analog converter and at least one second combiner arranged on the second carrier board; The second main control chip is connected to the second DC generation chip and the second digital-to-analog converter respectively; The second DC generating chip and the second digital-to-analog converter are respectively connected to each of the second combiners; The second main control chip is used to receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer, and after receiving the trigger signal, according to the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information, generate a second pulse signal generation instruction to the second digital-to-analog converter, and send a second DC generation control instruction to the second DC generation chip; The second digital-to-analog converter is configured to generate at least one pair of second differential pulse signals of a preset waveform according to the second pulse signal generation instruction; The second DC generation chip is configured to generate at least one second DC signal according to the second DC generation control instruction; The second combiner is used to mix a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a matching second DC signal to obtain the intermediate frequency signal.

3. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second combiner includes a second operational amplifier; The second functional main board further includes at least one second filter disposed on the second carrier board; The second filter is connected between the second DC generating chip and the corresponding second operational amplifier; The second filter is used to filter the second DC signal to obtain a filtered second DC signal; The second operational amplifier is used to combine a pair of the second differential pulse signals and a second DC signal that has been filtered and adapted to obtain the intermediate frequency signal.

4. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 3, wherein: The non-inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to receive one of a pair of second differential pulse signals and the second DC signal that is filtered and adapted to one phase, and the inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to receive the other of the pair of second differential pulse signals.

5. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second function mainboard further includes a second network port chip disposed on the second carrier board; The second network port chip is connected to the second main control chip and is used to communicate with the host computer through an external network communication device, receive the intermediate frequency waveform parameter information sent by the host computer through the network communication device, and output it to the second main control chip.

6. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second function main board further includes a second RS485 / 422 communication interface arranged on the second carrier board; The second RS485 / 422 communication interface is connected to the second main control chip and is used for communication connection with the host computer.

7. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second functional main board further includes a second clock chip disposed on the second carrier board, for converting the fourth clock signal into a fifth clock signal and outputting the fifth clock signal to the second main control chip and the second digital-to-analog converter.

8. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second functional main board also includes a second trigger buffer chip arranged on the second carrier board, which is used to receive the trigger signal, perform buffer enhancement processing on the received trigger signal, and output the processed trigger signal to the second main control chip.

9. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second functional main board also includes a second synchronization buffer chip arranged on the second carrier board, which is used to receive a synchronization signal, perform buffer enhancement processing on the synchronization signal, and output the processed synchronization signal to the second main control chip.

10. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fourth clock signal is a source clock signal, and the fifth clock signal includes any one or more of a system clock signal, a device clock signal, and a sampling clock signal; The second functional main board further includes a second buffer circuit for receiving the first clock signal output from an external clock distribution unit, and performing buffer enhancement processing on the first clock signal to obtain the fourth clock signal. The second buffer circuit is arranged outside the second clock chip or integrated into the second clock chip.

11. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The intermediate frequency signal generated by the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is used to provide to the quantum processor, and the intermediate frequency signal is used as a quantum bit frequency modulation signal to adjust the frequency of the quantum bit.

12. The intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to claim 11, wherein: The frequency range of the intermediate frequency signal is 0 to 500 MHz.

13. A medium frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device, characterized in that: include: A second drawer box and an intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 12; The second functional mainboard of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is accommodated in the second drawer box.

14. A quantum measurement and control cabinet, characterized in that: It comprises a frame and the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device as claimed in claim 13; The second drawer box of the intermediate frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device is arranged in the rack.

15. The quantum measurement and control cabinet according to claim 14, characterized in that: Also includes: at least one radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device; The radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device includes: a first drawer box and a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit includes: a first functional mainboard and at least one first mixer arranged outside the first functional mainboard, the first functional mainboard is connected to the at least one first mixer; The first functional mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting unit is accommodated in the first drawer box; The at least one first mixer connected to the first functional mainboard is housed in the first drawer box, or is arranged outside the first drawer box; The first drawer box is arranged in the frame.

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