Fixture for machining radial hole shaft parts
By designing a fixture with a rotating chassis and an axial positioning seat, the problems of difficult machine tool adjustment and low precision in machining radial hole shaft parts in the prior art have been solved, realizing efficient and accurate part machining, which is applicable to a variety of shaft parts.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423021367.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for machining radial hole shaft parts result in difficulties in machine tool adjustment, low machining accuracy, and low production efficiency. In particular, it is difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy and operational safety of parts in mass production.
A fixture comprising a rotating chassis and an axial positioning seat is designed. By utilizing the clearance fit between the axial positioning seat and the radial positioning sleeve, combined with a clamping mechanism, multiple degrees of freedom of the workpiece are restricted, ensuring precise positioning and stable clamping.
It improves the machining accuracy and production efficiency of radial hole shaft parts, simplifies the machine tool adjustment process, reduces manufacturing costs, and expands the clamping range, making it suitable for machining optical shafts and stepped shaft parts.
Smart Images
Figure CN223455537U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of clamps, in particular to a clamp for machining radial hole shaft parts. Background Art
[0002] Shaft parts with radial holes can achieve direct connection between two shafts, eliminating the need for couplings, gears, and other transmission components, thereby simplifying the equipment structure and reducing economic costs. When turning radial holes in shaft parts, four-jaw chucks or V-shaped irons and pressure plates are usually used to clamp the workpiece.
[0003] For single-piece and small-batch parts, a four-jaw chuck is typically used on conventional lathes. This clamping method is complex to align and adjust, requiring re-alignment after rough machining, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, it is difficult to control the clamping force of the jaws holding the radial holes during operation. Excessive clamping force can easily deform the radial holes, while insufficient clamping force can lead to a loosening of the part during machining, making it difficult to ensure machining accuracy and operational safety.
[0004] Drilling machines typically use V-shaped irons and pressure plates to clamp workpieces, but this clamping method offers limited precision. For one thing, operators use a bench-marking method to determine the center of the hole, which can lead to errors in the marking position. During machining, operators manually adjust the twist drill to align its axis with the hole center, which can also introduce alignment errors. Furthermore, the drilling machine's feed motion relies on manual operation, resulting in uneven feed speeds and poor surface finish quality. For parts with surface roughness requirements of Ra = 3.2μm or above, manual feed cannot guarantee precision.
[0005] Therefore, for parts processed in large quantities, the above two clamping methods result in long machine tool adjustment time, low processing accuracy and low production efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a fixture for machining radial hole shaft parts, which solves the problems of difficult machine tool adjustment, low machining accuracy and low machining efficiency when using a universal fixture to clamp radial hole shaft parts.
[0007] The technical solutions adopted in this utility model are as follows:
[0008] A fixture for machining radial hole shaft parts, comprising a rotating chassis with an axial positioning seat provided thereon, the structure of the axial positioning seat comprising a main body, with a first support block and a second support block provided on opposite sides thereof, a first radial positioning sleeve provided in the first support block, a groove provided in the second support block, an axial positioning surface formed at the bottom thereof, a second radial positioning sleeve provided in the groove, the axial positioning surface, the second radial positioning sleeve and the first radial positioning sleeve being coaxially arranged;
[0009] The inner hole profiles of the first radial positioning sleeve and the second radial positioning sleeve match the outer wall of the workpiece to be clamped, forming a clearance fit.
[0010] The first support block is provided with an axial pressing mechanism for applying a pressing force to one end of the workpiece to be clamped, and pressing the other end of the workpiece to be clamped against the axial positioning surface.
[0011] Further technical solutions are as follows:
[0012] The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two sets of symmetrically arranged pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
[0013] The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two sets of symmetrically arranged pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
[0014] One end of the pressing plate is connected to the first support block through the pressing screw, and the other end of the pressing plate is supported on the first support block through the support screw.
[0015] The pressing plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole for penetrating the pressing screw.
[0016] The rotating base is provided with a mounting position for mounting a balance block, and the balance block is used to make the center of gravity of the entire clamp coincide with the center of the rotating base during work.
[0017] The main body of the axial positioning seat is provided with a first boss, and the rotating base is provided with a positioning hole matched with the first boss.
[0018] The first boss is provided with a through hole coaxial with the positioning hole.
[0019] The first radial positioning sleeve is provided with a second boss outside, and the first support block is provided with a positioning part matched with the second boss.
[0020] The cooperation clearance between the workpiece to be clamped and the first radial positioning sleeve and the second radial positioning sleeve is not greater than the position tolerance of the radial hole to be machined of the workpiece to be clamped.
[0021] The groove is provided with a clearance hole communicated therewith, and the clearance hole is coaxial with the second radial positioning sleeve.
[0022] The first radial positioning sleeve is locked with the first support block through a fastening screw, and the second radial positioning sleeve is locked with the second support block through a fastening screw.
[0023] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
[0024] The utility model discloses reasonable structure design, and the part freedom degree of the workpiece to be clamped is reasonably limited, and the machining precision and production efficiency of radial hole shaft parts are improved.
[0025] The utility model discloses clamping range is wide, not only can clamp light axle class spare, still can clamp ladder axle class spare, and clamping range is wide.
[0026] Other features and advantages of the utility model will be described in the subsequent description, or be understood through the implementation of the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment.
[0028] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 The front view.
[0029] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 The A-A section schematic drawing in.
[0030] Figure 4 It is the working condition schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment.
[0031] In the drawing: 1, rotating base plate;2, axial positioning seat;3, balance weight;4, pressing plate;5, first radial positioning sleeve;6, second radial positioning sleeve;7, axial positioning surface;8, through hole;9, support screw;10, compression screw;11, fastening screw;12, positioning hole;13, waist type hole;14, spare;15, fastening bolt;16, let go of the hole;21, first support block;22, second support block;201, first boss;501, second boss. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The specific implementation of the utility model will be described below in connection with the drawings.
[0033] See Figures 1 to 3The clamp for machining the radial hole shaft part of the embodiment comprises a rotating base plate 1, which is provided with an axial positioning seat 2. The structure of the axial positioning seat 2 comprises a main body, and first and second supporting blocks 21 and 22 are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the main body. A first radial positioning sleeve 5 is arranged in the first supporting block 21, and a groove is arranged in the second supporting block 22, the bottom of the groove is provided with an axial positioning surface 7, and a second radial positioning sleeve 6 is arranged in the groove. The axial positioning surface 7, the second radial positioning sleeve 6 and the first radial positioning sleeve 5 are coaxially arranged.
[0034] The inner hole profile of the first radial positioning sleeve 5 and the second radial positioning sleeve 6 matches the outer wall of the workpiece to be clamped, and a clearance fit is formed.
[0035] The first supporting block 21 is provided with an axial pressing mechanism, which is used to apply a pressing force to one end of the workpiece to be clamped, and to press the other end of the workpiece to be clamped against the axial positioning surface 7.
[0036] As a specific embodiment, the axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two sets of symmetrically arranged pressing assemblies. The structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
[0037] It comprises a pressing plate 4, a pressing screw 10 and a supporting screw 9.
[0038] One end of the pressing plate 4 is connected to the first supporting block 21 through the pressing screw 10, and the other end of the pressing plate 4 is supported on the first supporting block 21 through the supporting screw 9.
[0039] The supporting screw 9 has no connection relationship with the first supporting block 21, and only plays a supporting role for the pressing plate 4. When the pressing plate 4 is locked with the first supporting block 21 through the pressing screw 10, the other end of the pressing plate 4 is kept horizontal through the support of the supporting screw 9.
[0040] A waist-shaped hole 13 is arranged on the pressing plate 4 for passing through the pressing screw 10. By adjusting the position of the pressing screw 10 moving along the waist-shaped hole 13, the position of the pressing plate 4 can be adjusted.
[0041] As a specific embodiment, the rotating base plate 1 is provided with a mounting position for mounting a balance block 3. The balance block 3 is used to make the center of gravity of the entire clamp coincide with the center of the rotating base plate 1 during work.
[0042] As a specific embodiment, a first boss 201 is arranged on the main body of the axial positioning seat 2, and a positioning hole 12 is arranged on the rotating base plate 1 to cooperate with the first boss 201. Through the positioning of the first boss 201, the convenience and accuracy of the installation of the axial positioning seat 2 can be improved. During work, the rotating base plate 1 is assembled to the chuck of the machining equipment.
[0043] As a specific embodiment, a through hole 8 is arranged at the center of the first boss 201, which is coaxial with the positioning hole 12.
[0044] As a specific embodiment, the first radial positioning sleeve 5 is externally formed with a second boss 501, and the first supporting block 21 is internally provided with a positioning portion matched with the second boss 501.
[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the gap between the workpiece to be clamped and the first radial positioning sleeve 5 and the second radial positioning sleeve 6 is not greater than the position tolerance of the radial hole to be machined of the workpiece to be clamped.
[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the groove bottom is provided with a clearance hole 16 communicated therewith, and the clearance hole 16 is coaxial with the second radial positioning sleeve 6.
[0047] As a specific embodiment, the first radial positioning sleeve 5 is locked with the first supporting block 21 through a fastening screw 11.
[0048] As a specific embodiment, the second radial positioning sleeve 6 is locked with the second supporting block 22 through a fastening screw 11.
[0049] The use method of the clamp for machining the radial hole shaft part of the embodiment is as follows:
[0050] The workpiece to be clamped of the embodiment is Figure 4 The shaft part 14 shown in the figure, before clamping the part 14, the axial positioning seat 2 is first fixed on the rotating base 1 by using the fastening bolt 15, then the first radial positioning sleeve 5 is installed in the first supporting block 21, and the second radial positioning sleeve 6 is installed in the second supporting block 22, and the bottom end of the second radial positioning sleeve 6 is in abutment with the axial positioning surface 7. In order to ensure that the part 14 does not rotate between the two radial positioning sleeves and the axial positioning seat 2 during machining, the radial positioning sleeves are locked by using the fastening screws 11 respectively. The outer surface of the part 14, the inner surface of the first radial positioning sleeve 5 and the second radial positioning sleeve 6 are wiped by using cotton yarn, so as to ensure the smooth assembly and positioning accuracy of the part 14. The pressing screw 10 is loosened, the pressing plate 4 is moved, and the part 14 is assembled into the second radial positioning sleeve 6 and the first radial positioning sleeve 5. In order to ensure that the end surface of the part 14 and the axial positioning surface 7 are in sufficient contact, after being assembled, the part 14 can be gently knocked by using a copper rod or a rubber rod. After being assembled, the pressing plate 4 is moved again to press the upper end surface of the part 14, and then the pressing screw 10 is tightened. After the part 14 is clamped, dynamic balance is needed, and the mass of the balancing block 3 is appropriately increased or decreased, so as to ensure that the rotating center is as possible as coincident with the center of the clamp during rotation of the rotating base 1. The vibration caused by the unbalanced gravity during rotation is prevented from affecting the machining precision and quality.
[0051] After machining is completed, when the part 14 is disassembled, the burrs at the radial hole where machining is completed are removed by using a file, the pressing screw 10 is loosened, the pressing plate 4 is moved, the rotating base 1 is rotated, and the second supporting block 22 of the axial positioning seat 2 is located at the upper side (i.e. Figure 4The end face of the part 14 is knocked gently by a copper rod or a rubber rod inserted into the positioning hole 16, so that the part 14 is knocked out.
[0052] The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
[0053] The first radial positioning sleeve 5 and the second radial positioning sleeve 6 limit the X-axis translation, Y-axis translation, rotation around the X-axis, and rotation around the Y-axis of the workpiece to be clamped, the axial positioning seat 2 limits the Z translation of the workpiece through the axial positioning surface 7 and the axial pressing mechanism, and the Z-axis rotation freedom is not limited, so the clamp limits five degrees of freedom of the workpiece, belongs to partial positioning, and meets the machining requirements.
[0054] The clamping range of the clamp is wide. Not only can the optical shaft parts be clamped, but also the stepped shaft parts can be clamped, and the clamping range is wide. When the optical shaft parts or the stepped shaft parts are machined, the axial positions of the radial holes are different, the thickness of the axial positioning sleeve is changed, and the machining requirements can be met. When the stepped shaft parts are machined, according to the shape and size of the stepped shaft, the inner hole structure and size of the two radial positioning sleeves are changed, and the machining requirements of the parts can be met.
[0055] Those skilled in the art can understand that the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the utility model, and is not used to limit the utility model, although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A fixture for machining a radial hole in a shaft-like part, characterized in that, The utility model provides a rotary chucking device, which comprises a rotary chuck (1) provided with an axial positioning seat (2), the axial positioning seat (2) comprises a main body, and first supporting blocks (21) and second supporting blocks (22) are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the main body; a first radial positioning sleeve (5) is arranged in the first supporting block (21); a groove is arranged in the second supporting block (22), and an axial positioning surface (7) is formed at the bottom of the groove; a second radial positioning sleeve (6) is arranged in the groove; the axial positioning surface (7), the second radial positioning sleeve (6) and the first radial positioning sleeve (5) are coaxially arranged; the inner hole contour of the first radial positioning sleeve (5) and the second radial positioning sleeve (6) matches the outer wall of a workpiece to be clamped, and clearance fit is formed; an axial pressing mechanism is arranged on the first supporting block (21) and used for applying pressing force to one end of the workpiece to be clamped, and the other end of the workpiece to be clamped is pressed against the axial positioning surface (7). The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows: The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
2. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to claim 1, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows: The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows: The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
3. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to claim 2, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
4. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to claim 1, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
5. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to claim 1, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
6. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to claim 5, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
7. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to Claim 1, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
8. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to Claim 1, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
9. The jig for machining a radial hole of a shaft part according to Claim 1, wherein The axial pressing mechanism comprises one or two groups of symmetrical pressing assemblies, and the structure of the pressing assembly is as follows:
10. 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