End-fire dual-polarization all-metal horn antenna

Abstract

The utility model provides an end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna which comprises a metal block, one side of the metal block is provided with a pyramid horn, the other side of the metal block is provided with a feed network, and the metal block is provided with a plurality of end-fire antenna units side by side in an area between the pyramid horn and the feed network. Each end-on-fire antenna unit comprises an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch arranged corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter, the orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch are respectively parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the metal block, and the orthogonal mode converter is provided with a feed gap for coupling electromagnetic waves. The feed network comprises an upper-layer feed network and a lower-layer feed network, the upper-layer feed network is connected with the Y-shaped branch, and the lower-layer feed network is connected with the orthogonal mode converter. The beneficial effects of the utility model are that the data transmission rate is effectively increased, the anti-interference capability is enhanced, and more channels can be provided for an MIMO system; 2, the signal interference from the side rear part can be effectively reduced, and the reliability is enhanced;

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna. Background Technology

[0002] 1. On-Chip Antennas (OCA): On-chip antennas are favored due to their compactness and avoid the additional losses caused by integrating the antenna with the chip. However, their cost-effectiveness is not high due to the expensive chip area.

[0003] 2. Antenna-in-Package (AiP): AiP integrates the antenna and driving circuitry into a single package. Various packaging technologies, such as QFN (Quick Flat Package), Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC), and Embedded Wafer-Level Ball Grid Array (eWLB), have been used to design linearly polarized wide-edge antennas. Chip integration is achieved through BW interconnects or flip-chip methods.

[0004] 3. Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC): LTCC is a multilayer technology that, in addition to its use in AiP applications, is also used to design linearly polarized single antennas and array antennas;

[0005] 4. Printed Circuit Board Antennas: PCB antennas offer advantages due to their low manufacturing cost. Single-radiator designs utilize waveguide transitions or GSG pads for measurement. Chip-integrated designs use BW interconnects. Unlike other types, PCB antennas are only used in designs that utilize SIW leaky wave antenna (LWA) arrays.

[0006] Currently, there are few types of dual-polarized antennas based on the D-band (110GHz to 170GHz) that have been proposed, their applications are limited, their performance is insufficient, and this restricts the development of diverse millimeter-wave communication systems. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the problems in the prior art, this utility model provides an end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna. The all-metal horn antenna includes a metal block, with a pyramidal horn disposed on one side of the metal block and a feed network disposed on the other side. Multiple end-fired antenna elements are arranged side-by-side in the region between the pyramidal horn and the feed network. Each end-fired antenna element includes an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter. The orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch are parallel to the top and bottom surfaces of the metal block, respectively. The converter is equipped with a feed gap for coupling electromagnetic waves. The feed network includes an upper feed network and a lower feed network. The upper feed network is connected to the Y-shaped branch, and the lower feed network is connected to the orthogonal mode converter. The upper feed network guides the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves through the Y-shaped branch to the pyramidal horn for radiation. After the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves reach the orthogonal mode converter at the end of the lower feed network, they are first converted into horizontally polarized waves by the orthogonal mode converter, then coupled to the Y-shaped branch through the feed gap, and finally radiated outward through the pyramidal horn.

[0008] As a further improvement of this utility model, the orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure consists of two layers. The upper layer is a rectangular waveguide with a stepped size, and the lower layer is a chamfered structure. The middle connection is the feed slot. One end of the feed slot is located on the chamfered structure, and the other end is located on the Y-shaped branch. The feed slot is located at the junction of the rectangular waveguide and the chamfered structure. The chamfered structure is connected to the lower feed network. The inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feed slot is larger than the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the upper feed network, thereby ensuring that electromagnetic waves coupled from the lower feed network cannot enter the upper feed network.

[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, the metal block is provided with an upper structure and a lower structure. Multiple Y-shaped branches are arranged side by side on the upper structure, and multiple orthogonal mode converters with stepped structures are arranged side by side on the lower structure.

[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model, the Y-shaped branch includes a first branch, a left branch, and a right branch. One end of the first branch is connected to the upper-layer power supply network, and the other end of the first branch is connected to the left branch and the right branch respectively. One end of the power supply gap is located at the connection between the first branch and the left branch and the right branch.

[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, the upper structure and the lower structure are spaced 0.2mm apart; the first branch is 1.434mm wide and 1.218mm high.

[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, two trapezoidal inclined surfaces are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the neck of the pyramidal horn. The two trapezoidal inclined surfaces constitute the H-surface small horn of the pyramidal horn. The H-surface small horn is 23.4mm wide, 3.76mm high, and 5mm long.

[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model, the cone-shaped horn has a diameter of 23.4 mm, a height of 11.76 mm, and a length of 30 mm; the power supply gap has a length of 1.359 mm and a width of 0.298 mm; and the metal block is a copper block, an aluminum block, or a steel block.

[0014] As a further improvement of this utility model, the upper-layer feed network and the lower-layer feed network are each a 1-to-4 feed network, and the 1-to-4 feed network is connected to the standard waveguide WR-06 via a flange.

[0015] As a further improvement of this utility model, the end-fire antenna unit consists of four elements.

[0016] As a further improvement of this utility model, the upper structure and the lower structure are hollow structures.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. The D-band dual-polarized antenna proposed in this utility model can effectively increase the data transmission rate and enhance the anti-interference capability, while providing more channels for MIMO systems; 2. The end-fire characteristics of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model can effectively reduce signal interference from the side and rear, and enhance reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is an axial view of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the upper structure (antenna element and feed network) of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a lower layer structure diagram (antenna element and feed network) of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 6This is a structural diagram of a single Y-shaped branch of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a single chamfered branch of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model;

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1-Metal block, 2-Pyramidal horn, 21-Trapezoidal slope, 3-End-fire antenna element, 4-Feed network, 40-Upper feed network, 41-Lower feed network, 5-Y-shaped branch, 6-Feed slot, 7-Chamfered structure, 8-First feed port, 9-Second feed port, 10-Flange; Detailed Implementation

[0027] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this utility model discloses an end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna, including a metal block 1. A pyramidal horn 2 is disposed on one side of the metal block 1, and a feed network 4 is disposed on the other side of the metal block 1. Four end-fired antenna elements 3 are arranged side by side in the area between the pyramidal horn 2 and the feed network 4 on the metal block 1. Each end-fired antenna element 3 includes an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch 5 corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter. The orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch 5 are parallel to the top and bottom surfaces of the metal block 1, respectively. The orthogonal mode converter is provided with coupling current... The electromagnetic wave is fed through a feed gap 6. The feed network includes an upper feed network 40 and a lower feed network 41. The upper feed network 40 is connected to the Y-shaped branch structure 5, and the lower feed network 41 is connected to the quadrature mode converter. The upper feed network 40 guides the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave to the pyramidal horn 2 for radiation through the Y-shaped branch 5. After the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave reaches the quadrature mode converter at the end of the lower feed network 41, it first forms a horizontally polarized wave through the quadrature mode converter, and then couples to the Y-shaped branch 5 through the feed gap, and finally radiates outward through the pyramidal horn 2.

[0028] The orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure consists of two layers: an upper rectangular waveguide with stepped dimensions and a lower chamfered structure 7. A feed slot 6 connects the two layers, with one end of the feed slot 6 located on the chamfered structure 7 and the other end on a Y-shaped branch 5. The feed slot 6 is situated at the junction of the rectangular waveguide and the chamfered structure 7. The chamfered structure 7 is connected to the lower feed network 41. The inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feed slot 6 is larger than that at the upper feed network 41, ensuring that coupled electromagnetic waves cannot propagate into the upper feed network 41. Vertically polarized electromagnetic waves undergo polarization conversion through the feed slot 6 of the chamfered structure.

[0029] Setting a chamfered structure can enhance the matching of the impedance of the lower layer of the quadrature mode converter with the impedance of the upper layer of the quadrature mode converter. Specifically, the impedance of the lower layer feed network 41 is matched with the impedance of the Y-shaped branch 5.

[0030] Setting the end plate to beveled can smooth the impedance change of the transmission line and reduce edge effects, thereby reducing reflections, improving energy transmission efficiency, reducing the standing wave ratio, and making electromagnetic waves more smoothly transmitted from the rectangular waveguide to the feed gap 6.

[0031] The metal block 1 has an upper structure and a lower structure inside. The upper structure has multiple Y-shaped branches 5 arranged side by side, and the lower structure has multiple orthogonal mode converters with stepped structures arranged side by side.

[0032] The upper and lower structures are preferably openwork structures. The upper and lower structures are spaced 0.2 mm apart.

[0033] The Y-shaped branch 5 includes a first branch 50, a left branch 51, and a right branch 52. One end of the first branch 50 is connected to the upper-layer feed network 40, and the other end of the first branch 50 is connected to the left branch 51 and the right branch 52 respectively. The feed gap 6 is located at the connection between the first branch 50 and the left branch 51 and the right branch 52. The principle of the Y-shaped branch 5 to increase antenna gain is to split one wave into two radiation paths, with the center of the two radiation paths separated by half a wavelength. This weakens the electric field on both sides and superimposes the electric field forward.

[0034] Two trapezoidal inclined surfaces 21 are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the neck of the pyramidal horn 2. The two trapezoidal inclined surfaces 21 form the H-plane horn of the pyramidal horn 2. The H-plane horn is 23.4mm wide, 3.76mm high, and 5mm long. The antenna array of this utility model has end-firing characteristics, so it cannot be made into a pyramidal horn. If it is made into a pyramidal horn with four sides of equal length, the H-plane will increase the sidelobes due to the small opening angle. However, if the horn is not made in the H-plane, some gain will be lost due to the insufficient aperture. Therefore, a small horn with a sufficient opening angle is chosen to increase the gain while controlling the sidelobes below -13dB.

[0035] The cone-shaped horn has a diameter of 23.4mm, a height of 11.76mm, and a length of 30mm.

[0036] The power supply gap 6 is 1.359mm long and 0.298mm wide.

[0037] There is a dimensional difference in the rectangular waveguide at the junction of the feed slot 6 and the upper feed network 40: a height difference of 0.422 mm and a width difference of 0.168 mm. To prevent excessive energy of the horizontally polarized wave coupled from the lower feed network 41 to the upper feed network 40 from propagating backward, a step-like design is used. This is because the cutoff frequency of the upper horizontally polarized wave is determined by the height of the Y-shaped branch 5 of the upper structure. Reducing the height of the upper feed network 40 not only has minimal impact on the vertically polarized wave propagating in the upper layer but also effectively prevents the horizontally polarized wave from propagating backward, as the mismatch in this area naturally causes the energy to propagate forward. A stepped size structure is designed between the upper feed network 40 and the feed slot 6, where the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at feed slot 6 is larger than that at the upper feed network 41. This ensures that electromagnetic waves coupled from the lower layer do not propagate significantly into the upper feed network 40, while also minimizing reflections of the upper layer's electromagnetic waves. Both the upper feed network 40 and the lower feed network 41 are 1-to-4 feed networks, connected to the standard waveguide WR-06 via flange 9. The feed ports (first feed port 7 and second feed port 8) are implemented through two WR06 waveguide interfaces. The ends of both the upper feed network 40 and the lower feed network 41 are T-shaped branches.

[0038] Metal block 1 can be a copper block, an aluminum block, or a steel block, preferably a copper block.

[0039] In this all-metal horn antenna, electromagnetic waves are mainly radiated by the upper Y-shaped branch structure 3, while the lower chamfered structure 4 is designed to better couple the lower vertically polarized wave to the upper layer through the feed gap 6 to form a horizontally polarized wave. This is the principle behind the dual polarization of this antenna.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. The D-band dual-polarized antenna proposed in this utility model can effectively increase the data transmission rate and enhance the anti-interference capability, while providing more channels for MIMO systems; 2. The end-fire characteristics of the all-metal horn antenna of this utility model can effectively reduce signal interference from the side and rear, and enhance reliability.

[0041] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna, characterized in that: The device includes a metal block (1), a pyramidal horn (2) on one side of the metal block (1), and a feed network (4) on the other side of the metal block (1). Multiple end-fire antenna elements (3) are arranged side-by-side in the area between the pyramidal horn (2) and the feed network (4) on the metal block (1). Each end-fire antenna element (3) includes an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch (5) corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter. The orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch (5) are parallel to the top and bottom surfaces of the metal block (1), respectively. The orthogonal mode converter has a feed slot (6) for coupling electromagnetic waves. The feed network ( 4) Includes an upper feed network (40) and a lower feed network (41). The upper feed network (40) is connected to the Y-shaped branch (5), and the lower feed network (41) is connected to the orthogonal mode converter. The upper feed network (40) guides the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave to the pyramidal horn (2) for radiation through the Y-shaped branch (5). After the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave reaches the orthogonal mode converter at the end of the lower feed network (41), it first forms a horizontally polarized wave through the orthogonal mode converter, then couples to the Y-shaped branch (5) through the feed gap (6), and finally radiates outward through the pyramidal horn (2).

2. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure consists of two layers: an upper layer is a rectangular waveguide with stepped dimensions, and a lower layer is a chamfered structure (7). The middle connection is the feed slot (6). One end of the feed slot (6) is located on the chamfered structure (7), and the other end is located on the Y-shaped branch (5). The feed slot (6) is located at the junction of the rectangular waveguide and the chamfered structure (7). The chamfered structure (7) is connected to the lower feed network (41). The inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feed slot (6) is larger than the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the upper feed network (40), thereby ensuring that electromagnetic waves coupled from the lower feed network (41) cannot enter the upper feed network (40).

3. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal block (1) has an upper structure and a lower structure inside. Multiple Y-shaped branches (5) are arranged side by side on the upper structure, and multiple orthogonal mode converters with stepped structures are arranged side by side on the lower structure.

4. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Y-shaped branch (5) includes a first branch (50), a left branch (51), and a right branch (52). One end of the first branch (50) is connected to the upper-layer power supply network (40), and the other end of the first branch (50) is connected to the left branch (51) and the right branch (52) respectively. One end of the power supply gap (6) is located at the connection between the first branch (50) and the left branch (51) and the right branch (52).

5. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper structure and the lower structure are spaced 0.2 mm apart; the first branch (50) is 1.434 mm wide and 1.218 mm high.

6. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone horn (2) has two trapezoidal inclined surfaces (21) arranged opposite each other on both sides of its neck. The two trapezoidal inclined surfaces (21) form the H-face horn of the cone horn (2). The H-face horn is 23.4 mm wide, 3.76 mm high, and 5 mm long.

7. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone-shaped horn (2) has a diameter of 23.4 mm, a height of 11.76 mm, and a length of 30 mm; the power supply gap (6) has a length of 1.359 mm and a width of 0.298 mm; the metal block (1) is a copper block, an aluminum block, or a steel block.

8. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper-layer feed network (40) and the lower-layer feed network (41) are each a 1-to-4 feed network, and the 1-to-4 feed network is connected to the standard waveguide WR-06 via flange (9).

9. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end-fire antenna unit (3) consists of four units.

10. The end-fired dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper and lower structures are hollow structures.

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