Machining shaft swing mechanism and machine tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a machining shaft swing mechanism and a machine tool, which comprise a fixed shaft bracket and a movable shaft bracket, the fixed shaft bracket is movably connected with the movable shaft bracket through a hinge piece, the fixed shaft bracket is provided with a detection unit and a driving device, and the driving device drives the movable shaft bracket through a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly limits the moving position of the movable shaft frame. The actual moving position of the movable shaft bracket is directly detected through the detection unit, on the whole transmission closed loop, the movable shaft bracket is directly detected to eliminate the precision problem caused by the influence of a rotating gap in the transmission process, and the position information is directly detected and fed back to a machine tool through the detection unit. The rotating position is prevented from being affected by transmission gap errors and machining errors of the transmission assembly, frequent maintenance or replacement of machining shaft abrasion parts is not needed, the maintenance cost is reduced, the rotating terminal is directly detected, the machining precision is improved, and use by a user is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining technology, specifically a machining shaft swing mechanism and machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] In multi-axis machining tools, the machining axes are generally made using either moving axes or rotary axes for linkage machining. Among them, rotary axes are key machining axes used for machining curved surfaces or special angles. However, in existing rotary axis structures, most use direct motor drive or indirect transmission to realize the rotational movement of the tool or workpiece. But whether direct motor drive or indirect transmission is used, during actual rotation, the rotational clearance of the mating connection is easily affected, which leads to a decrease in rotational positioning accuracy and machining accuracy. As the machining time increases, the clearance caused by rotational wear will become larger and larger. Maintenance or replacement of the rotary axis is obviously more costly, which is not conducive to reducing machining costs and ensuring machining quality.

[0003] To address the above shortcomings, we need to develop a machining shaft swing mechanism and machine tool to meet the needs of a wide range of users. Utility Model Content

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned problems that existing machine tool rotary axes are prone to reduced accuracy, hindering cost reduction, and compromising machining quality due to backlash during actual rotation, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A machining axis swing mechanism includes a fixed axis frame and a movable axis frame, which are movably connected by a hinge. The fixed axis frame is equipped with a detection unit for detecting the movable position of the movable axis frame, and a drive device for providing driving force is also installed on the fixed axis frame. The drive device drives the movable axis frame through a transmission assembly, and the transmission assembly limits the movable position of the movable axis frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a locking mechanism mounted on the fixed shaft bracket, the locking mechanism having a limiting member capable of applying a force to the movable shaft bracket, the limiting member restricting the movable position of the movable shaft bracket by applying a force.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixed shaft frame has a piston cavity for the directional movement of the limiting member, and the limiting member and the piston cavity are connected by a piston structure. The side of the limiting member near the movable shaft frame is detachably connected to a piston end cap for contacting the movable shaft frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the movable shaft bracket is provided with a clearance groove to avoid the limiting member, and the clearance groove is provided with a shoulder for the piston end cap to contact on the side away from the fixed shaft bracket. An elastic deformable member is installed between the side of the limiting member facing the movable shaft bracket and the piston cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes a piston drive assembly for driving the movement of the limiting member, the output end and / or input end of the piston drive assembly being connected to the piston chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, several of the limiting members are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the hinge member.

[0011] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a driving member and a driven member. The driving member is installed at the output end of the driving device, and the driven member is installed on the movable shaft frame and is connected to the driving member. When the driving device drives the driving member to move, the driving member drives the movable shaft frame through the driven member, so that the movable shaft frame makes a directional rotational motion around the main spindle.

[0012] Furthermore, the driving member is a gear structure, the driven member is a rack structure, and the driving member meshes with the driven member.

[0013] Furthermore, the detection unit includes a swing angle encoder for detecting the rotation angle of the movable shaft bracket, the swing angle encoder being installed on the fixed shaft bracket near the hinge member.

[0014] A machine tool, including the machining axis oscillation mechanism.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. This utility model installs a detection unit between the fixed shaft bracket and the movable shaft bracket. The detection unit directly detects the actual moving position of the movable shaft bracket. In the entire transmission closed loop, the rotating end (movable shaft bracket) is directly detected to eliminate the accuracy problem caused by the rotational backlash during transmission. The detection unit directly detects and feeds back the position information to the machine tool, avoiding the influence of transmission backlash error and the machining error of the transmission components themselves on the rotational position. It eliminates the need for frequent maintenance or replacement of worn parts of the machining shaft, reduces maintenance costs, and improves machining accuracy by directly detecting the rotating end, making it convenient for users.

[0017] 2. This utility model has a locking mechanism installed on the fixed shaft frame to limit the position of the movable shaft frame. The movable shaft frame is clamped or pressed by the elastic deformation element and the piston drive assembly to resist the vibration and displacement generated during the processing, so as to achieve further stabilization and stability during the processing, which is conducive to improving the processing quality and processing accuracy.

[0018] 3. This utility model uses a gear and rack structure on a fixed shaft frame as the transmission method to drive the movable shaft frame. Compared with direct motor drive, gear and rack transmission is more powerful in terms of driving force and can generate a larger torque. In the event of a processing accident, it can also avoid damage to the motor, thus balancing transmission and safety. The meshing between the gear and rack can also ensure smooth transmission. It is suitable for processing scenarios with large cutting volume and high processing requirements, making it convenient for users. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This utility model relates to a machining shaft swing mechanism and a three-dimensional machine tool. Figure 1 .

[0020] Figure 2 This utility model relates to a machining shaft swing mechanism and a three-dimensional machine tool. Figure 2 .

[0021] Figure 3 This is a front view of a machining shaft swing mechanism and machine tool according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view.

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 BB section view.

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 4 C magnified view.

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A magnified view of D.

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 4 The enlarged view of E. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] like Figures 1 to 8 The illustrated machining axis swing mechanism includes a fixed axis frame 1 and a movable axis frame 2, which are movably connected by a hinge 3. The fixed axis frame 1 is equipped with a detection unit for detecting the movable position of the movable axis frame 2, and a drive device 4 for providing driving force is also installed on the fixed axis frame 1. The drive device 4 drives the movable axis frame 2 through a transmission assembly 5, which restricts the movable position of the movable axis frame 2.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fixed spindle bracket 1 is a mounting spindle bracket for mounting on a machine tool. The fixed spindle bracket 1 can be mounted on the guide rail of the machine tool and moved along the guide rail direction by the machine tool. The movable spindle bracket 2 is a steering spindle bracket for mounting on the fixed spindle bracket 1. The tool spindle for cutting can be mounted on the movable spindle bracket 2. When the movable spindle bracket 2 rotates, it can drive the tool spindle to rotate circumferentially around the hinge 3. When the fixed spindle bracket 1 moves along the guide rail direction, it can drive the tool spindle to make linear directional movement through the movable spindle bracket 2, satisfying the flexible displacement of the tool spindle in directional machining and steering machining.

[0031] More specifically, the hinge 3 is a main spindle used to connect the fixed shaft frame 1 and the movable shaft frame 2 respectively. Optionally, the hinge 3 can be fixedly connected to one of the fixed shaft frame 1 and the movable shaft frame 2, and the hinge 3 can be movably connected to the other of the fixed shaft frame 1 and the movable shaft frame 2. In this embodiment, the hinge 3 is fixedly connected to the movable shaft frame 2 and hinged to the fixed shaft frame 1. The movable shaft frame 2 can realize the steering movement relative to the fixed shaft frame 1 through the hinge 3. The hinge 3 and the fixed shaft frame 1 are slidably connected by bearings.

[0032] More specifically, the fixed shaft bracket 1 is equipped with a drive device 4 for driving the movable shaft bracket 2 to rotate. The drive device 4 includes a drive motor 41 for providing driving force, a reducer 42 for reducing speed and increasing torque, and a drive shaft 43 for transmitting power. The drive shaft 43 is located at the output end of the drive device 4 and is mounted on the fixed shaft bracket 1 through bearings.

[0033] More specifically, the transmission assembly 5 includes a driving member 51 and a driven member 52. The driving member 51 is installed at one end of the drive shaft 43 near the movable shaft bracket 2, and the driven member 52 is installed at the position of the movable shaft bracket 2 near the drive shaft 43. The driving member 51 cooperates with the driven member 52 to realize the transmission of power (which can be one of the transmission methods such as gear transmission, chain transmission, belt transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, etc.).

[0034] More specifically, the detection unit can be one of the following devices: capacitive encoder, photoelectric encoder, magnetic encoder, Hall semiconductor sensor, magnetoresistive effect sensor, or one of the following sensor technologies: AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistive), GMR (giant magnetoresistive), or TMR (tunneling magnetoresistive). Preferably, an encoder is used as the detection unit, and the detection unit is installed on the fixed shaft 1 near the hinge 3.

[0035] In use, the drive motor 41 is started, which drives the drive shaft 43 to rotate via the reducer 42. The driving member 51, in conjunction with the driven member 52, transmits the power of the drive shaft 43 to the movable shaft bracket 2, causing the movable shaft bracket 2 to rotate in a directional circular motion around the hinge member 3 (clockwise or counterclockwise). The rotation range or amplitude of the movable shaft bracket 2 is limited by the stroke of the driven member 52. While the movable shaft bracket 2 rotates, the detection unit monitors the rotation position or angle of the movable shaft bracket 2 or the hinge member 3 in real time. The detection unit feeds back the detection results to the machine tool control system in real time, and the machine tool... The control system adjusts the output of the drive motor 41 in a timely manner based on the feedback data to detect the rotational position from the rotating end (movable shaft 2 or hinge 3). In the entire transmission closed loop, the actual moving position of the movable shaft 2 is directly detected by the detection unit, eliminating the accuracy problem caused by the rotational clearance during transmission. It avoids the rotational position being affected by transmission clearance error and the machining error of the transmission components themselves, eliminating the need for frequent maintenance or replacement of transmission wear parts, reducing maintenance costs, and directly detecting the rotating end (movable shaft 2 or hinge 3) to improve machining accuracy and facilitate user use.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 The illustrated machining shaft swing mechanism includes a transmission assembly 5 comprising a locking mechanism 53 mounted on a fixed shaft bracket 1. The locking mechanism 53 has a limiting member 531 that can apply force to the movable shaft bracket 2. The limiting member 531 restricts the movable position of the movable shaft bracket 2 by applying force.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the locking mechanism 53 is used to lock the position of the movable shaft 2 relative to the fixed shaft 1. In actual use, due to the unavoidable tolerances and clearances in the transmission structure, there is always a certain amount of looseness during transmission. This makes it easy for the movable shaft 2 to be affected by mechanical vibration during the processing, causing it to jump or shake within the looseness range. In order to improve the movable shaft 2's resistance to the mechanical vibration that occurs during the processing, after the movable shaft 2 rotates to the corresponding position, the machine tool drives the locking mechanism 53 (which can be one of the following driving methods: pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, mechanical transmission, magnetic drive, etc.) to contact the movable shaft 2 through the limiting member 53 and apply a force (top pressure, friction, or magnetic attraction, etc.) to the movable shaft 2, thereby achieving the limiting effect of braking and locking. This enhances the braking stability of the movable shaft 2 during the braking and stationary process, strengthens the resistance to mechanical vibration generated by cutting, helps to improve processing stability, processing accuracy and processing quality, and increases the overall connection strength.

[0039] As another embodiment 201 of embodiment 2, the locking mechanism 53 includes a plurality of limiting members 531 arranged circumferentially around the hinge member 3. Two or more limiting members 531 are installed between the fixed shaft frame 1 and the movable shaft frame 2. The positions of each limiting member 531 are arranged circumferentially around the rotation center axis of the movable shaft frame 2. After the movable shaft frame 2 rotates to the corresponding position, the plurality of limiting members 531 simultaneously apply a force (top pressure, friction force or magnetic attraction force, etc.) to the movable shaft frame 2. Compared with a single limiting member 531, the force applied by the plurality of limiting members 531 is greater, the locking position is more evenly distributed, and a more secure and stable braking and locking effect is further achieved.

[0040] As another embodiment 202 of embodiment 2, the locking mechanism 53 includes a plurality of limiting members 531 evenly spaced around the circumference of the hinge member 3. All the limiting members 531 are located at the same arrangement diameter position. After the movable shaft 2 rotates to the corresponding position, the plurality of evenly spaced limiting members 531 simultaneously apply a force (top pressure, friction or magnetic attraction, etc.) to the movable shaft 2. Compared with a single limiting member 531, the force applied by the plurality of limiting members 531 together is greater, the locking position is more evenly distributed, and a more secure and stable braking and locking effect is further achieved.

[0041] Example 3:

[0042] Based on Example 2, such as Figure 4 and Figure 7 The machining axis swing mechanism shown in this embodiment uses a piston-pressing and tightening method to lock the movable shaft frame 2. The fixed shaft frame 1 is provided with a piston cavity 11 for the directional movement of the limiting member 531. When the machine tool connects to the piston cavity 11 and implements the drive (one of the drive methods such as pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, and mechanical transmission can be used), the limiting member 531 can reciprocate along the length stroke of the piston cavity 11. The limiting member 531 and the piston cavity 11 are connected by a piston structure. The side of the limiting member 531 near the movable shaft frame 2 is detachably connected to a piston end cap 532 for contacting the movable shaft frame 2.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, the limiting member 531 is divided into a piston sliding part, a piston extension handle, and a piston end cap 532. The piston sliding part is the contact part of the limiting member 531 that contacts the piston cavity 11. The piston extension handle is the extension support part of the limiting member 531 used to connect the piston end cap 532. The piston end cap 532 is a friction braking component that is detachably installed on the piston extension handle and contacts the movable shaft 2. More specifically, the outer diameter of the piston sliding part is larger than the outer diameter of the piston extension handle, and the outer diameter of the piston extension handle is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston end cap 532. When braking and locking are required, the piston sliding part moves away from the movable shaft 2, and the portion of the piston end cap 532 larger than the outer diameter of the piston extension handle contacts the surface of the movable shaft 2. The locking position is reached by frictional force, thereby achieving the locking and positioning effect.

[0044] In another embodiment 301 of embodiment 3, when braking and locking are required, the piston sliding part can also move toward the direction of the movable shaft 2, so that the piston end cover 532 presses against the surface of the movable shaft 2, and relies on friction to contact the locking position (pressing outward to lock), thereby achieving the locking and positioning effect.

[0045] As another embodiment 302 of embodiment 301, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 The illustrated machining shaft swing mechanism has a movable shaft frame 2 with a clearance groove 21 for a clearance limiting member 531. The clearance groove 21 is arranged in a ring around the circumference of the hinge member 3 near the limiting member 531. The width of the clearance groove 21 is greater than the outer diameter of the piston extension handle of the limiting member 531, and the width of the clearance groove 21 is less than the outer diameter of the piston end cap 532. The clearance groove 21 has a shoulder 22 on the side away from the fixed shaft frame 1 for the piston end cap 532 to contact. When braking and locking are required, the piston sliding part moves away from the movable shaft frame 2, and the part of the piston end cap 532 that is larger than the outer diameter of the piston extension handle contacts the shoulder 22. The locking position is reached by friction (inward clamping and locking), thus achieving the locking and positioning effect.

[0046] As another embodiment 303 of embodiment 302, an elastic deformation member 533 is installed between the side of the limiting member 531 facing the movable shaft 2 and the piston cavity 11. More specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic deformation member 533 can be an elastic component such as a spring, disc spring, or rubber, preferably a disc spring with a greater elastic pressing force. An appropriate number of elastic deformation members 533 are selected according to the depth of the piston cavity 11 or the required locking stroke. When braking and locking are required, the elastic deformation member 533 presses against the piston sliding part, causing the piston sliding part to move away from the movable shaft 2. The portion of the end cap 532 that is larger than the outer diameter of the piston protruding from the support handle contacts the shoulder 22 and locks in place by friction (clamping inward), achieving a locking and positioning effect. When it is necessary to release, the piston chamber 11 is connected to the machine tool and driven (one of the following driving methods can be used: pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, mechanical transmission, etc.) is activated, causing the piston sliding part to move towards the movable shaft 2, so that the portion of the piston end cap 532 that is larger than the outer diameter of the piston protruding from the support handle separates from the shoulder 22 (pressing outward to unlock), thus unlocking and releasing the piston, allowing the movable shaft 2 to return to a flexible rotational state.

[0047] As another embodiment 304 of embodiment 3, such as Figure 4 and Figure 7 The illustrated machining axis swing mechanism includes a locking mechanism 53 comprising a piston drive assembly 534 for driving the movement of a limiting member 531. The piston drive assembly 534 can be a pneumatically driven or hydraulically driven cylinder. In this embodiment, a hydraulically driven hydraulic device is preferred to connect to the piston chamber 11. The piston drive assembly 534 includes a pipe mounted on a fixed shaft frame 1 for connecting to the piston chamber 11. The fixed shaft frame 1 has a pipe for connecting the piston drive assembly 534 to the piston chamber 11. Taking hydraulic drive as an example, when it is necessary to drive the limiting member 531 to move, the piston drive assembly 534 inputs hydraulic oil through the pipe and the pipe. Under the action of oil pressure, it pushes against the limiting member 531 and moves towards or away from the movable shaft frame 2 to achieve the effect of releasing the locking or locking the limiting position.

[0048] Example 4:

[0049] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8The illustrated machining shaft swing mechanism includes a transmission component 5 comprising a driving member 51 and a driven member 52. The driving member 51 is mounted on the output end of the drive device 4, and the driven member 52 is mounted on the movable shaft frame 2 and connected to the driving member 51. The connection between the driving member 51 and the driven member 52 can be achieved using a gear structure, sprocket structure, belt structure, worm gear structure, or any other suitable connection structure. When the drive device 4 drives the driving member 51, the driving member 51 (which can be driven by meshing force, friction force, or magnetic coupling) drives the movable shaft frame 2 through the driven member 52, causing the movable shaft frame 2 to rotate directionally around the main spindle along the stroke range of the driven member 52. In this embodiment, the driving member 51 preferably meshes with the driven member 52 using a gear structure. Gear transmission has characteristics such as high transmission efficiency and high transmission torque, is not prone to slippage, has small transmission clearance, and can rotate in both forward and reverse directions, facilitating the swing mechanism to swing back and forth at specific angles.

[0050] Example 5:

[0051] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 8 A machine tool, as shown, includes a machining axis swing mechanism and a movable guide rail 71 for mounting the machining axis swing mechanism. The guide rail component of the movable guide rail 71 is fixedly mounted on the machine tool 7. A fixed shaft bracket 1 is mounted on a slider component of the movable guide rail 71. The slider component and the guide rail component are slidably connected, allowing the machining axis swing mechanism to reciprocate along the travel direction of the guide rail component. A cutting tool axis 72 for cutting operations is mounted on a movable shaft bracket 2. The machine tool 7 drives the fixed shaft bracket 1 to move the cutting tool axis 72 linearly along the guide rail and closer to the workpiece. The machine tool 7, through a drive device 4 and a transmission assembly 5, drives the movable shaft bracket 2 to move the cutting tool axis 72 around the hinge member 3. The circumferential rotation is used to adjust the machining posture, realizing a composite cutting machining posture adjustment of linear movement and circumferential rotation of the tool axis 72. When the rotation starts, the machine tool 7 drives the piston drive assembly 534 to counteract the top pressure of the elastic deformation member 533 to release the lock on the movable shaft 2, so that the movable shaft 2 can rotate relative to the fixed shaft 1. During the rotation, the swing angle encoder 6 detects the rotation angle or rotation position of the movable shaft 2 in real time. When the rotation stops, the machine tool 7 eliminates the resistance of the piston drive assembly 534 so that the top pressure of the elastic deformation member 533 can play a role. The piston end cover 532 presses against the shoulder 22 to lock the movable shaft 2, and finally the cutting machining is performed.

[0052] After the cutting process is completed, the machine tool 7 drives the fixed spindle 1 to move the tool spindle 72 away from the workpiece. The piston drive assembly 534 counteracts the top pressure of the elastic deformation member 533, allowing the movable spindle 2 to resume rotation so that the cutting posture angle can be readjusted. Before machining is completed, it can be locked again. This process is repeated until the machining is completed.

[0053] The above examples are merely illustrative of the technical content of this utility model to facilitate reader understanding, but do not imply that the implementation of this utility model is limited to these embodiments. Any technical extensions or re-creations made based on this utility model are protected by this utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A machining shaft swing mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a fixed shaft frame (1) and a movable shaft frame (2), which are movably connected by a hinge (3). The fixed shaft frame (1) is equipped with a detection unit for detecting the movable position of the movable shaft frame (2), and the fixed shaft frame (1) is equipped with a drive device (4) for providing driving force. The drive device (4) drives the movable shaft frame (2) through a transmission assembly (5), and the transmission assembly (5) restricts the movable position of the movable shaft frame (2).

2. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (5) includes a locking mechanism (53) mounted on the fixed shaft frame (1), the locking mechanism (53) having a limiting member (531) that can apply force to the movable shaft frame (2), the limiting member (531) restricting the movable position of the movable shaft frame (2) by applying force.

3. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed shaft frame (1) is provided with a piston cavity (11) for the directional movement of the limiting member (531). The limiting member (531) and the piston cavity (11) are connected by a piston structure. The side of the limiting member (531) near the movable shaft frame (2) is detachably connected to a piston end cap (532) for contacting the movable shaft frame (2).

4. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable shaft bracket (2) has a clearance groove (21) to avoid the limiting member (531). The clearance groove (21) has a shoulder (22) on the side away from the fixed shaft bracket (1) for the piston end cap (532) to contact. An elastic deformation member (533) is installed between the side of the limiting member (531) facing the movable shaft bracket (2) and the piston cavity (11).

5. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (53) includes a piston drive assembly (534) for driving the movement of the limiting member (531), the output end and / or input end of the piston drive assembly (534) being connected to the piston chamber (11).

6. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: Several of the limiting members (531) are arranged circumferentially around the hinge member (3).

7. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (5) includes a driving member (51) and a driven member (52). The driving member (51) is installed at the output end of the driving device (4). The driven member (52) is installed on the movable shaft frame (2) and is connected to the driving member (51). When the driving device (4) drives the driving member (51) to move, the driving member (51) drives the movable shaft frame (2) through the driven member (52), so that the movable shaft frame (2) makes a directional rotational motion around the hinge (3).

8. The machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving member (51) is a gear structure, and the driven member (52) is a rack structure. The driving member (51) meshes with the driven member (52).

9. A machining shaft swing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection unit includes a swing angle encoder (6) for detecting the rotation angle of the movable shaft frame (2), and the swing angle encoder (6) is installed on the fixed shaft frame (1) near the hinge (3).

10. A machine tool, characterized in that: Includes the machining axis oscillation mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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