Battery active equalization management system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery active equalization management system. The system comprises a main control unit which is connected with a battery pack to be actively balanced, collects the voltage of each battery pack in the connected battery pack, and sends the voltage state of each battery pack to an active balancing unit; the active equalization unit at least comprises an equalization control module, an energy storage control module and an equalization connection selection module, and the equalization connection selection module is adaptively connected with the battery pack, the energy storage control module and the equalization control module; and the equalization control module selects the high-voltage battery pack through the equalization connection selection module to charge the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module, and then the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module is controlled to charge the low-voltage battery pack through the equalization connection selection module, so that the voltage states of the battery packs in the battery pack are kept consistent. The active equalization management of the battery pack can be effectively realized, and the equalization management efficiency of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a battery management system, and more particularly to a battery active balancing management system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the demand for high-performance battery management systems (BMS) is increasing. Currently, passive balancing is often used for battery pack management. Generally, passive balancing uses simple resistor discharge to balance voltage differences within the battery pack.

[0003] As can be seen from the above description, when using passive balancing to manage the battery pack, the current limitation makes it impossible to effectively solve the problem of voltage inconsistency within the battery pack, resulting in a decrease in battery performance and a shortened lifespan. Furthermore, the balancing management is inefficient and cannot meet the balancing management requirements of the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a battery active balancing management system, which can effectively realize active balancing management of battery packs and improve the efficiency of battery pack balancing management.

[0005] According to the technical solution provided by this utility model, a battery active balancing management system includes:

[0006] The main control unit is connected to the battery pack to be actively balanced, collects the voltage of each battery pack in the connected battery pack, and sends the voltage status of each battery pack to the active balancing unit.

[0007] The active balancing unit includes at least a balancing control module, an energy storage control module, and a balancing connection selection module, wherein...

[0008] The equalization connection selection module is adapted to connect with the battery pack, energy storage control module, and equalization control module.

[0009] The equalization control module selects the high-voltage battery pack to charge the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module through the equalization connection selection module. Then, it controls the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module to charge the low-voltage battery pack through the equalization connection selection module, so as to keep the voltage state of the battery pack in the battery pack consistent.

[0010] The balanced connection selection module includes a battery pack selection switch group and a selection connector adapted to and connected to the battery pack selection switch group, wherein...

[0011] The battery pack selection switch group includes several battery pack selection switches. For any battery pack in the battery pack, the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are respectively connected to the selection connector via a battery pack selection switch, so as to be adapted and connected to the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module via the selection connector.

[0012] Based on the voltage state of each battery pack in the battery pack, the equalization control module controls the closing of the battery pack selection switch corresponding to the high-voltage battery pack, so that the high-voltage battery pack charges the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module through the selection connector and the corresponding battery pack selection switch.

[0013] After the energy storage unit is charged, the equalization control module disconnects the battery pack selection switch that is in the charging connection state and controls the battery pack selection switch corresponding to the low voltage battery pack to close, so that the energy storage unit charges the low voltage battery pack through the selection connector and the corresponding battery pack selection switch.

[0014] The energy storage unit includes at least an energy storage capacitor, wherein...

[0015] Each end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to a selection connector adapter via an energy storage control switch unit;

[0016] Within the energy storage control module, an energy storage protection unit is provided for charging and discharging protection of the energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage protection unit is adapted to and connected to the energy storage capacitor.

[0017] For any battery pack selection switch, the battery pack selection switch includes a selection switch unit and a selection switch drive circuit adapted and connected to the selection switch unit, wherein,

[0018] The selection switch unit uses a switch chip, wherein the D2 terminal of the switch chip is connected to the corresponding battery pack adapter, and the D1 terminal of the switch chip is connected to the selection connector. The model of the switch chip is AO4892.

[0019] The selection switch drive circuit includes a resistor R110. One end of the resistor R110 is connected to the equalization control module, and the other end of the resistor R110 is connected to the base terminal of the NPN transistor Q34 and one end of the resistor R117. The other end of the resistor R117 and the emitter terminal of the NPN transistor Q34 are both grounded.

[0020] The collector of NPN transistor Q34 is connected to one end of resistor R132 and resistor R140, one end of capacitor C1, and the base of PNP transistor Q27. The other end of resistor R140, the other end of capacitor C1, and the emitter of PNP transistor Q27 are all connected to voltage GV11.

[0021] The collector of PNP transistor Q27 is connected to one end of resistor R125, the cathode of Zener diode D17, and the G1 and G2 terminals of the switching chip. The anode of Zener diode D17 and the other end of resistor R125 are connected to the S1 and S2 terminals of the switching chip.

[0022] The active balancing unit further includes a balancing power supply module, which includes a voltage GV11 generation unit for generating voltage GV11.

[0023] The voltage GV11 generation unit includes a resistor R325. One end of the resistor R325 is connected to a 12V-3 voltage, and the other end of the resistor R325 is connected to the anode of the diode D54. The cathode of the diode D54 is connected to one end of the resistor R329 and the source of the NMOS transistor Q116.

[0024] The other end of resistor R329 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q116 are both connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q118. The base of NPN transistor Q118 is connected to one end of resistor R333 and one end of resistor R337. The other end of resistor R333 is connected to the equalization control module. The other end of resistor R337 and the emitter of NPN transistor Q118 are grounded.

[0025] The drain terminal of NMOS transistor Q116 is connected to the cathode terminal of Zener diode D55 and one end of resistor R338 to form the output node of voltage GV11.

[0026] The anode of the Zener diode D55 and the other end of the resistor R338 are both grounded.

[0027] The energy storage control module also includes a capacitor charging and discharging control unit adapted and connected to the energy storage capacitor, wherein...

[0028] The capacitor charging and discharging control unit includes a charging boost unit;

[0029] The energy storage protection unit includes a battery pack overcharge protection unit for protecting the low-voltage battery pack from charging and a capacitor overcharge protection unit for protecting the energy storage capacitor from charging. Both the battery pack overcharge protection unit and the capacitor overcharge protection unit are adapted to connect to the energy storage capacitor.

[0030] The main control unit includes a main controller, a voltage acquisition module, a main control communication module, and a battery pack charging and discharging control module.

[0031] The voltage acquisition module, main control communication module, and battery pack charging and discharging control module are all adapted and connected to the main controller.

[0032] The voltage acquisition module collects the voltage status of each battery pack in the battery pack, and the main controller sends the voltage status of all battery packs to the active balancing unit through the main control communication module.

[0033] The battery pack charge and discharge control module is adapted to connect to the battery pack and is adapted to connect to the main controller. The battery pack charge and discharge control module includes a pre-discharge circuit, a discharge control circuit, and a charging control circuit.

[0034] The pre-discharge circuit includes a resistor R1, wherein,

[0035] One end of resistor R1 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q2. The source of NMOS transistor Q2 and the other end of resistor R4 are grounded.

[0036] The drain of NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and the base of PNP transistor Q3. The other end of resistor R3 and the collector of PNP transistor Q3 are both connected to a 12V voltage. The collector of PNP transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminal of the battery pack pre-discharge switch through resistor R6.

[0037] The discharge control circuit includes a resistor R38, wherein...

[0038] One end of resistor R38 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R38 is connected to one end of resistor R39 and the gate of PMOS transistor Q13. The source of NMOS transistor Q13 and the other end of resistor R39 are both grounded.

[0039] The drain of NMOS transistor Q13 is connected to one end of resistor R37. The other end of resistor R37 is connected to one end of resistor R36 and the base of PNP transistor Q11. The other end of resistor R36 and the emitter of PNP transistor Q11 are connected to a 12V voltage. The collector of PNP transistor Q11 is connected to the anode of diode D6 through resistor R40.

[0040] The cathode of diode D6 is connected to the anode of diode D5, one end of resistor R42, and the base of PNP transistor Q14. The cathode of diode D5 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q14, one end of resistor R41, the cathode of Zener diode D7, and one end of resistor R35. The other end of resistor R35 is connected to the gate of PMOS transistor Q12 and the gate of PMOS transistor Q15. The source of PMOS transistor Q15 is connected to the source of Q12, the other end of resistor R42, the collector of PNP transistor Q14, the other end of resistor R41, and the anode of Zener diode D7.

[0041] The drain terminals of PMOS transistor Q12 and PMOS transistor Q15 are connected to form a discharge control drive terminal.

[0042] The charging control circuit includes a resistor R22, wherein,

[0043] One end of resistor R22 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R22 is connected to one end of capacitor C3, one end of resistor R27 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q7. The other end of capacitor C3, the other end of resistor R27 and the source terminal of NMOS transistor Q7 are all grounded.

[0044] The drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of resistor R15 and the base of PNP transistor Q6. The emitter of PNP transistor Q6 and the other end of resistor R15 are both connected to 12V.

[0045] The collector of PNP transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of diode D3 through resistor R28. The cathode of diode D3 is connected to the anode of diode D2, one end of resistor R30, and the base of PNP transistor Q9. The cathode of diode D2 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q9, one end of resistor R29, one end of resistor R20, and the cathode of Zener diode D4. The other end of resistor R20 forms the charging control terminal.

[0046] The other end of resistor R30 is connected to the collector of PNP transistor Q9, the other end of resistor R29, and the anode of Zener diode D4.

[0047] The advantages of this invention are: by collecting the voltage of each battery pack in the battery pack, during active balancing, the high-voltage battery pack is used to charge the energy storage unit, and then the energy storage unit is used to charge the low-voltage battery pack, so that the voltage state of the battery packs in the battery pack remains consistent, which can effectively realize active balancing management of the battery pack and improve the efficiency of battery pack balancing management. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the battery pack selector switch of this utility model.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the voltage GV11 generation unit of this utility model.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the battery pack overcharge protection detection circuit of this utility model.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the capacitor overcharge detection circuit of this utility model.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the pre-discharge circuit of this utility model.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the charging control circuit of this utility model.

[0055] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the discharge control circuit of this utility model.

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Main control unit, 2-Active balancing unit, 3-Voltage acquisition module, 4-Main control communication module, 5-Battery pack, 6-Battery balancing control module, 7-Battery balancing connection selection module, 8-Battery balancing power supply module, 9-Energy storage control module, 10-Battery balancing communication module, 11-Battery balancing control unit, 12-Selection connector. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the specific accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0058] In order to effectively achieve active balancing management of battery pack 5 and improve the efficiency of balancing management of battery pack 5, this utility model provides an active battery balancing management system. Specifically, the active battery balancing management system includes:

[0059] The main control unit 1 is connected to the battery pack 5 to be actively balanced, collects the voltage of each battery pack in the connected battery pack 5, and sends the voltage status of each battery pack to the active balancing unit 2.

[0060] The active balancing unit 2 includes at least a balancing control module 6, an energy storage control module 9, and a balancing connection selection module 7, wherein...

[0061] The equalization connection selection module 7 is adapted to connect with the battery pack 5, the energy storage control module 9, and the equalization control module 6.

[0062] The equalization control module 6 selects the high-voltage battery pack to charge the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module 9 through the equalization connection selection module 7. Then, it controls the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module 9 to charge the low-voltage battery pack through the equalization connection selection module 7, so as to keep the voltage state of the battery pack in the battery pack 5 consistent.

[0063] Specifically, the battery for active balancing management should be battery pack 5. Battery pack 5 generally includes multiple battery packs, which are connected in series to form battery pack 5. Battery pack 5 can be used as a power battery in the automotive industry. Of course, battery pack 5 can also be used in other industrial and other scenarios. Figure 1 The image shows one embodiment of connecting 24 battery packs in series to form a battery pack. Figure 1 In the diagram, B1 to B24 represent the 24 corresponding battery packs.

[0064] As explained above, the main purpose of actively balancing battery pack 5 is to ensure that the voltage of different battery packs within battery pack 5 remains consistent, avoiding voltage differences between different battery packs, thereby improving the lifespan and reliability of battery pack 5. To improve the reliability of battery pack 5 balancing management, the active battery management balancing system of this invention should include at least a main control unit 1 and an active balancing unit 2. The main control unit 1 should be electrically connected to both battery pack 5 and active balancing unit 2. After being electrically connected to battery pack 5, the main control unit 1 can collect the voltage of each battery pack within battery pack 5 and send the collected voltage of each battery pack to active balancing unit 2.

[0065] Figure 1 The image shows one embodiment of the active equalization unit 2, which consists of... Figure 1 It is known that the active balancing unit 2 includes at least a balancing control module 6, an energy storage control module 9, and a balancing connection selection module 7. The balancing control module 6 is electrically connected to the main control unit 1 and can receive the voltage of each battery pack sent by the main control unit 1. When the voltages of the battery packs in the battery pack 5 are different, the balancing control module 6 can determine the high-voltage battery pack and the low-voltage battery pack. Then, it can prepare for active balancing based on the determined high-voltage and low-voltage corresponding battery packs.

[0066] The equalization connection selection module 7 is adapted to connect with the battery pack 5, the equalization control module 6, and the energy storage control module 9. The equalization control module 6 can configure the connection selection state of the equalization connection selection module 7, so that different battery packs in the battery pack 5 can be connected to the energy storage units in the energy storage control module 9. Specifically, by using the connection and cooperation of different battery packs with the energy storage units in the energy storage control module 9, active equalization management can be achieved. For example, the equalization control module 6 can configure the connection selection state of the equalization connection selection module 7 to restrict the connection of high-voltage battery packs to the energy storage units in the energy storage control module 9. At this time, the energy storage units can be charged.

[0067] Understandably, after the energy storage unit is charged, it has electrical energy. At this time, the energy storage unit can be used to charge the low-voltage battery pack. When charging the low-voltage battery pack, the equalization control module 6 also needs to configure the connection selection state of the equalization connection selection module 7. That is, the low-voltage battery pack needs to be connected to the energy storage unit through the equalization connection selection module 7. After that, the energy storage unit releases electrical energy and charges the low-voltage battery pack.

[0068] As explained above, the active balancing mechanism of this invention involves charging the energy storage unit with the high-voltage battery pack, and then using the energy storage unit to charge the low-voltage battery pack. It can be understood that charging the energy storage unit with the high-voltage battery pack lowers its voltage; charging the low-voltage battery pack with the energy storage unit raises its voltage, ultimately achieving voltage consistency across the battery packs and thus achieving balanced management. Specifically, voltage consistency means that the voltages of the battery packs are equal, or the voltage difference between the battery packs is within an allowable range, specifically designed to enable the necessary balancing management of battery pack 5.

[0069] In one embodiment of this utility model, the equalization connection selection module 7 includes a battery pack selection switch group and a selection connector 12 adapted to and connected to the battery pack selection switch group, wherein...

[0070] The battery pack selection switch group includes several battery pack selection switches. For any battery pack in the battery pack, the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are respectively connected to the selection connector 12 via a battery pack selection switch, so as to be adapted and connected to the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module 9 via the selection connector 12.

[0071] Based on the voltage state of each battery pack in the battery pack 5, the equalization control module 6 controls the battery pack selection switch corresponding to the high-voltage battery pack to close, so that the high-voltage battery pack charges the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module 8 through the selection connector 12 and the corresponding battery pack selection switch.

[0072] After the energy storage unit is charged, the equalization control module 6 disconnects the battery pack selection switch that is in the charging connection state and controls the battery pack selection switch corresponding to the low voltage battery pack to close, so that the energy storage unit charges the low voltage battery pack through the selection connector 12 and the corresponding battery pack selection switch.

[0073] As described above, the balancing connection selection module 7 can realize the adaptive connection between different battery packs and energy storage units. Therefore, the balancing connection selection module 7 may include a battery pack selection switch group and a selection connector 12. The battery pack selection switch group should include several battery pack selection switches. Generally, the number of battery pack selection switches in the battery pack selection switch group should be one more than the number of battery packs in the battery pack 5. Figure 1 The diagram shows an embodiment where battery pack 5 is formed by 24 battery packs connected in series. The battery pack selection switch group should include 25 battery pack selection switches. Figure 1 In the diagram, SW0 to SW24 are the corresponding 25 battery pack selection switches.

[0074] It is understandable that, whether charging the energy storage unit or being charged by the energy storage unit, a battery pack should form a circuit with the energy storage unit. Therefore, the positive and negative terminals of each battery pack should be connected to a corresponding battery pack selection switch. That is, the connection between the positive / negative terminals of the corresponding battery pack and the selection connector 12 can be realized through the battery pack selection switch. After that, the battery pack can be adapted to the energy storage unit through the selection connector 12. The adaptation connection state between the selection connector 12 and the energy storage unit is based on the ability to meet the charging needs of the energy storage unit or the charging needs of the current battery pack by the energy storage unit.

[0075] During active balancing, the battery pack with the higher voltage is prioritized to charge the energy storage unit first. At this time, the balancing control module 6 controls the battery pack selection switch connected to the high-voltage battery pack to close. Figure 1 When the voltage of battery pack B24 is relatively high, the battery pack selection switch SW24 and battery pack selection switch SW23 corresponding to battery pack B24 will be closed. After that, after selection and connection through selection connector 12, it can be connected to the energy storage unit, thereby realizing the charging of the energy storage unit.

[0076] After charging the energy storage unit, the electrical connection between the high-voltage battery pack and the energy storage unit should be disconnected. Therefore, the battery pack selection switch that is in the charging connection state should be disconnected. Specifically, the battery pack selection switch connected when charging the energy storage unit should be disconnected. Afterward, the same selection configuration method can be used to close the battery pack selection switch of the low-voltage battery pack so that the energy storage unit can charge the low-voltage battery pack through the selection connector 12 and the corresponding battery pack selection switch.

[0077] It should be noted that after active balancing, the voltage of different battery packs in battery pack 5 should be consistent. Therefore, during active balancing, there may be multiple cycles of charging the energy storage unit and charging the battery pack. The specific process depends on the different voltages of the different battery packs in battery pack 5. The active balancing process can be selected as needed, with the goal of ensuring that the voltages of the different battery packs in battery pack 5 are consistent after active balancing.

[0078] Furthermore, when performing active balancing on the battery packs within battery pack 5, it can be selected to be activated or periodically activated as needed. For example, a timer can be set in the main control unit 1, and the main control unit 1 can then cooperate with the active balancing unit 2 to achieve the aforementioned active balancing. Alternatively, an active balancing request can be initiated to the main control unit 1 via an external terminal. Upon receiving the request, the active balancing unit 1 can cooperate with the active balancing unit 2 to perform the active balancing operation. The method of initiating active balancing can be selected according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0079] In one embodiment of this utility model, for any battery pack selection switch, the battery pack selection switch includes a selection switch unit and a selection switch driving circuit adapted and connected to the selection switch unit, wherein...

[0080] The selection switch unit uses a switch chip, wherein the D2 terminal of the switch chip is connected to the corresponding battery pack adapter, and the D1 terminal of the switch chip is connected to the selection connector. The model of the switch chip is AO4892.

[0081] The selection switch drive circuit includes a resistor R110. One end of the resistor R110 is connected to the equalization control module 6. The other end of the resistor R110 is connected to the base terminal of the NPN transistor Q34 and one end of the resistor R117. The other end of the resistor R117 and the emitter terminal of the NPN transistor Q34 are both grounded.

[0082] The collector of NPN transistor Q34 is connected to one end of resistor R132 and resistor R140, one end of capacitor C1, and the base of PNP transistor Q27. The other end of resistor R140, the other end of capacitor C1, and the emitter of PNP transistor Q27 are all connected to voltage GV11.

[0083] The collector of PNP transistor Q27 is connected to one end of resistor R125, the cathode of Zener diode D17, and the G1 and G2 terminals of the switching chip. The anode of Zener diode D17 and the other end of resistor R125 are connected to the S1 and S2 terminals of the switching chip.

[0084] Specifically, the battery pack selection switch can be a commonly used controllable switch, such as a MOSFET. Figure 2An embodiment of the battery pack selection switch is shown in the figure. Figure 2 In this diagram, IQ_7 on resistor R110 is the switch control signal loaded by the equalization control module 6. The switching state of any battery pack selection switch can be controlled based on the switch control signal loaded by the equalization control module 6. As explained above, the state of the switch control signal loaded by the equalization control module 6 should be related to the voltage state of the battery pack connected to the battery pack selection switch, so as to meet the requirements of the corresponding battery pack charging the energy storage unit, or the energy storage unit charging the battery pack.

[0085] In one embodiment of this utility model, the active balancing unit further includes a balancing power supply module 8, which includes a voltage GV11 generation unit for generating voltage GV11.

[0086] The voltage GV11 generation unit includes a resistor R325. One end of the resistor R325 is connected to a 12V-3 voltage, and the other end of the resistor R325 is connected to the anode of the diode D54. The cathode of the diode D54 is connected to one end of the resistor R329 and the source of the NMOS transistor Q116.

[0087] The other end of resistor R329 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q116 are both connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q118. The base of NPN transistor Q118 is connected to one end of resistor R333 and one end of resistor R337. The other end of resistor R333 is connected to the equalization control module. The other end of resistor R337 and the emitter of NPN transistor Q118 are grounded.

[0088] The drain terminal of NMOS transistor Q116 is connected to the cathode terminal of Zener diode D55 and one end of resistor R338 to form the output node of voltage GV11.

[0089] The anode of the Zener diode D55 and the other end of the resistor R338 are both grounded.

[0090] To meet the operational requirements of the active balancing unit 2, a balancing power supply module 8 should be installed within the active balancing unit 2, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it can be understood that the voltage provided by the equalization power supply module 8 should not only be isolated from the main control unit 1 and the battery pack 5, but also meet the working requirements of the active equalization unit 2.

[0091] As explained above, when the battery pack selection switch is in operation, the equalization power supply module 8 needs to provide voltage GV11. Figure 3 The image shows one embodiment where the equalization power supply module 8 provides voltage GV11. Figure 3It can be seen that when the voltage GV11 is generated by the voltage GV11 generation unit, the 12V-3 voltage provided by the equalization power supply module 8 should also be used. The 12V-3 voltage is the 12V voltage that the equalization power supply module 8 passes through. The equalization power supply module 8 can use the 12V voltage provided by the existing common form, which will not be elaborated here.

[0092] It is understandable that the equalization power supply module 8 should also provide the voltage required for the operation of the equalization control module 6, that is, in addition to the 12V-3 voltage and voltage GV11 provided above, the equalization power supply module 8 should also provide other operating voltages. The other operating voltages provided can be selected as needed to meet the operating requirements of the active equalization unit 2.

[0093] In one embodiment of this utility model, the energy storage unit includes at least an energy storage capacitor, wherein...

[0094] The two ends of the energy storage capacitor are respectively connected to the selection connector 12 through an energy storage control switch unit;

[0095] Within the energy storage control module 9, an energy storage protection unit is provided for charging and discharging protection of the energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage protection unit is adapted to and connected to the energy storage capacitor.

[0096] Specifically, the energy storage unit can be an energy storage capacitor, such as a supercapacitor. The type of energy storage unit can be selected according to needs, based on its ability to meet the energy conversion requirements of the aforementioned active balancing. To improve the reliability of the energy storage unit in active balancing control, each end of the energy storage capacitor is adapted to the selection connector 12 via an energy storage control switch. Figure 1 In the middle, KS1 and KS2 are energy storage control switch units that are adapted to connect with the energy storage capacitor. The energy storage control switch units can be commonly used controllable switches, such as IGBT devices. When the energy storage control switch units are in the open state, it is impossible to charge the energy storage capacitor, nor can it charge the battery pack through the energy storage capacitor.

[0097] When the energy storage unit uses an energy storage capacitor, the selector connector 12 can be in the form of a multiplexer. The main function of the selector connector 12 is to connect the two ends of the energy storage capacitor to the two corresponding battery pack selector switches to form a circuit. That is, when the selector connector 12 uses a multiplexer, the multiplexer used should be able to meet the requirement that the two corresponding battery pack selector switches and the energy storage capacitor are connected to form a circuit. The form of the multiplexer used can be selected as needed. Of course, the selector connector 12 can also be in other forms, specifically to enable the connection of the two battery pack selector switches corresponding to one battery pack to the two ends of the energy storage capacitor.

[0098] In one embodiment of this utility model, the energy storage control module further includes a capacitor charging and discharging control unit adapted and connected to the energy storage capacitor, wherein the capacitor charging and discharging control unit includes a charging boost unit.

[0099] To improve the reliability of charging the energy storage capacitor, a capacitor charge / discharge control unit should be used to connect to the energy storage capacitor. The capacitor charge / discharge control unit generally includes at least a charging boost unit, which can be used to boost the voltage of the battery pack for charging. Of course, the capacitor charge / discharge control unit can also take other forms, depending on the need to improve the reliability of charging and discharging the energy storage capacitor.

[0100] To improve the safety and reliability of the energy storage capacitor, an energy storage protection unit can be installed within the energy storage control module 9. This protection unit can safeguard the energy storage capacitor. Figure 1 In this context, CS stands for energy storage capacitor, and BH stands for energy storage protection unit that is adapted and connected to the energy storage capacitor.

[0101] In one embodiment of this utility model, the energy storage protection unit includes a battery pack overcharge protection unit for protecting the low-voltage battery pack from charging and a capacitor overcharge protection unit for protecting the energy storage capacitor from charging. Both the battery pack overcharge protection unit and the capacitor overcharge protection unit are adapted and connected to the energy storage capacitor.

[0102] In specific implementation, the energy storage protection unit may include a battery pack overcharge protection unit and a capacitor charging overcharge protection unit. The battery pack overcharge protection unit can prevent the energy storage capacitor from overcharging the battery pack, and the capacitor charging overcharge protection unit can prevent the energy storage capacitor from overcharging.

[0103] Specifically, the battery pack overcharge protection unit should include at least a battery pack overcharge protection detection circuit. The battery pack overcharge protection detection circuit can detect and determine whether the battery pack is overcharged. If it is determined that the battery pack is overcharged, the charging of the battery pack by the energy storage capacitor can be cut off by the equalization control module 6. For example, the charging of the current battery pack can be cut off by the energy storage control switch unit or the battery pack selection switch mentioned above.

[0104] When determining whether battery pack overcharging has occurred, the relationship between the current positive terminal voltage of the battery pack and the battery pack overcharge threshold should be checked. Figure 4The diagram illustrates one embodiment of a battery pack overcharge protection detection circuit. Specifically, the battery pack overcharge protection detection circuit includes a comparator U15, which can be an EG393 chip. When an EG393 chip is used, the VCC terminal of the comparator U15 is connected to a voltage of 12V-3V and one end of a capacitor C147, while the other end of capacitor C147 is grounded. The +INA terminal of the comparator U15 is connected to one end of a resistor R281 and the positive terminal of the battery pack currently being charged. Figure 4 VIN in the figure represents the positive terminal voltage of the battery pack currently being charged.

[0105] The other end of resistor R281 is connected to the OUTA terminal of comparator U15, one end of resistor R276, one end of resistor R282, and the gate terminal of NMOS transistor Q105. The other end of resistor R276 is connected to a voltage of 12V-3V. The other end of resistor R282 and the source terminal of NMOS transistor Q105 are both grounded. The drain terminal of NMOS transistor Q105 is connected to the equalization control module 6 through resistor R274. Figure 4 The SPA8 terminal is the I / O terminal of the equalization control module 6.

[0106] The -INA terminal of comparator U15 is connected to one end of resistor R286. The other end of resistor R286 is connected to one end of resistor R288, the cathode of Zener diode D48, and one end of resistor R289. The other end of resistor R288, the anode of Zener diode D48, and the GND terminal of comparator U15 are all grounded. The other end of resistor R289 is connected to a voltage of 12V-3.

[0107] Specifically, for the 12V-3V case, please refer to the above explanation; it will not be repeated here. Figure 4 As explained above, comparator U15 compares the corresponding voltages at the -INA and +INA terminals and outputs the comparison result through the OUTA terminal. If the voltage VIN at the positive terminal of the currently charging battery pack is greater than the battery pack overcharge threshold voltage, the OUTA terminal of comparator U15 outputs a high level, and the NMOS transistor Q105 changes from the off state to the on state. Subsequently, the SPA8 terminal of the equalization control module 6 is pulled low to the ground terminal, thereby enabling the shutdown control of the energy storage control switch unit and / or the battery pack selection switch to prevent further charging of the battery pack. Specifically, the battery pack overcharge threshold voltage can be obtained through the voltage division state between resistors R289, R286, and R288.

[0108] In practice, the capacitor charging overcharge protection unit generally includes at least a capacitor charging overcharge detection circuit. Similar to the battery pack overcharge protection mentioned above, the capacitor charging overcharge detection circuit can detect and determine whether the energy storage capacitor is overcharged. If overcharging is determined to have occurred, the charging of the energy storage capacitor to the battery pack can be cut off by the equalization control module 6. For example, the charging of the energy storage capacitor can be cut off by the energy storage control switch unit or the battery pack selection switch mentioned above.

[0109] Since energy storage capacitors have a voltage rating range, when detecting and determining whether overcharging has occurred, the relationship between the energy storage capacitor's voltage and its voltage rating is generally compared. Figure 5 The image shows an embodiment of a capacitor overcharge detection circuit. Specifically, the capacitor overcharge detection circuit includes a comparator U17, which can be an EG393 chip. When the comparator U17 is an EG393 chip, the OUTA terminal of the comparator U17 is connected to one end of resistor R294, one end of resistor R303, one end of resistor R302, and the gate terminal of NMOS transistor Q108. The other end of resistor R294 is connected to a voltage of 12V-3V, and the other end of resistor R303 is connected to the +INA terminal of comparator U17, and is connected to the positive terminal VF of the energy storage capacitor during charging via resistor R308.

[0110] The drain terminal of NMOS transistor Q108 is connected to the SPA8 terminal of equalization control module 6 via resistor R293. The source terminal of NMOS transistor Q108 and the other end of resistor R032 are both connected to one end of resistor R307 and the anode terminal of Zener diode D50, and are grounded after connection. The cathode terminal of Zener diode D50 is connected to one end of resistor R316 and one end of resistor R312. The other end of resistor R316 is connected to a voltage of 12V-3. The other end of resistor R312 is connected to one end of resistor R307 and the -INA terminal of comparator U17.

[0111] The VCC terminal of comparator U17 is connected to one end of capacitor C51, one end of resistor R297, and a voltage of 12V-3. The other end of capacitor C51 is grounded. The other end of resistor R297 is connected to the OUTB terminal of comparator U17, one end of resistor R309, one end of resistor R304, and the gate terminal of NMOS transistor Q109. The other end of resistor R304 is connected to one end of resistor 9R311, one end of resistor R310, and the INB+ terminal of comparator U17. The other end of resistor R310 is connected to one end of resistor R306 and the cathode terminal of Zener diode D49. The other end of resistor R306 is connected to a voltage of 12V-3. The other ends of resistors R309 and R311, the anode terminal of Zener diode D49, and the source terminal of NMOS transistor Q109 are all grounded. The -INB terminal of comparator U17 is connected to the positive terminal VF of the energy storage capacitor during charging via resistor R301.

[0112] Depend on Figure 5 As explained above, the capacitor overcharge detection circuit of comparator 17 can not only determine whether the voltage of the positive terminal VF of the energy storage capacitor exceeds the high withstand voltage value, but also detect the voltage value of the positive terminal VF of the energy storage capacitor. When the voltage of the positive terminal VF is low, the battery pack cannot be charged through the charging boost unit, thereby improving the reliability of charging the battery pack.

[0113] In one embodiment of this utility model, the main control unit 1 includes a main controller, a voltage acquisition module 3, a main control communication module 4, and a battery pack charging and discharging control module.

[0114] Voltage acquisition module 3, main control communication module 4, and battery pack charging and discharging control module are all adapted and connected to the main controller.

[0115] Voltage acquisition module 3 acquires the voltage status of each battery pack in the battery pack, and the main controller sends the voltage status of all battery packs to the active balancing unit 2 through the main control communication module 4.

[0116] The battery pack charge and discharge control module is adapted to connect to the battery pack and is adapted to connect to the main controller. The battery pack charge and discharge control module includes a pre-discharge circuit, a discharge control circuit, and a charging control circuit.

[0117] Figure 1 An embodiment of the main control unit 1 is shown in the figure. Figure 1 The main controller and battery pack charging / discharging control module within the main control unit 1 are not shown in the diagram. The main controller can be a commonly used control processor. It should be noted that, in addition to actively balancing the battery pack 5, the main control unit 1 can also control the normal charging and discharging of the battery pack 5. This charging and discharging is done without the aid of an energy storage capacitor.

[0118] The voltage acquisition module 3 can be adapted and connected to the battery packs in the battery pack 5 to acquire the voltage of each battery pack. The method of acquiring the battery pack voltage by the voltage acquisition module 3 can be selected as needed to meet the requirement of acquiring the voltage of each battery pack. The main controller can send the voltage status of all battery packs to the active balancing unit 2 through the main control communication module 4, that is, to the balancing control unit 11 in the active balancing unit 2. The balancing control unit 11 can use a commonly used microprocessor. The balancing control unit 11 can be adapted and connected to the main control communication module 4 through the balancing communication module 10. For example, the balancing communication module 10 and the main control communication module 4 can use commonly used RS485 communication, etc., to achieve communication connection between the main controller and the balancing control unit 11.

[0119] In one embodiment of this utility model, the pre-discharge circuit includes a resistor R1, wherein...

[0120] One end of resistor R1 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q2. The source of NMOS transistor Q2 and the other end of resistor R4 are grounded.

[0121] The drain of NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and the base of PNP transistor Q3. The other end of resistor R3 and the collector of PNP transistor are both connected to 12V. The collector of PNP transistor is connected to the control terminal of battery pack pre-discharge switch transistor through resistor R6.

[0122] Specifically, pre-discharge refers to pre-discharging battery pack 5. When battery pack 5 is in the pre-discharge state, it discharges with a small current. Pre-discharge is a brief transition phase to a larger current discharge, used to prevent current surges when the load is turned on and to protect the safe operation of the circuit system. It should be noted that the 12V voltage is provided by the power supply within the main control unit 1.

[0123] It is understandable that the battery pack pre-discharge switch can control the pre-discharge state of battery pack 5. If the battery pack pre-discharge switch is in the closed state, battery pack 5 will perform pre-discharge; otherwise, the pre-discharge state of battery pack 5 will be stopped.

[0124] In one embodiment of this utility model, the discharge control circuit includes a resistor R38, wherein...

[0125] One end of resistor R38 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R38 is connected to one end of resistor R39 and the gate of PMOS transistor Q13. The source of NMOS transistor Q13 and the other end of resistor R39 are both grounded.

[0126] The drain of NMOS transistor Q13 is connected to one end of resistor R37. The other end of resistor R37 is connected to one end of resistor R36 and the base of PNP transistor Q11. The other end of resistor R36 and the emitter of PNP transistor Q11 are connected to a 12V voltage. The collector of PNP transistor Q11 is connected to the anode of diode D6 through resistor R40.

[0127] The cathode of diode D6 is connected to the anode of diode D5, one end of resistor R42, and the base of PNP transistor Q14. The cathode of diode D5 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q14, one end of resistor R41, the cathode of Zener diode D7, and one end of resistor R35. The other end of resistor R35 is connected to the gate of PMOS transistor Q12 and the gate of PMOS transistor Q15. The source of PMOS transistor Q15 is connected to the source of Q12, the other end of resistor R42, the collector of PNP transistor Q14, the other end of resistor R41, and the anode of Zener diode D7.

[0128] The drain terminals of PMOS transistor Q12 and PMOS transistor Q15 are connected to form a discharge control drive terminal.

[0129] Specifically, the discharge control circuit enables the battery pack 5 to discharge to the outside in a high-current manner. The discharge control drive terminal can control the discharge of the battery pack 5, such as controlling the battery pack 5 to discharge to the outside or turning off the discharge of the battery pack 5 to the outside.

[0130] In one embodiment of this utility model, the charging control circuit includes a resistor R22, wherein,

[0131] One end of resistor R22 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R22 is connected to one end of capacitor C3, one end of resistor R27 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q7. The other end of capacitor C3, the other end of resistor R27 and the source terminal of NMOS transistor Q7 are all grounded.

[0132] The drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of resistor R15 and the base of PNP transistor Q6. The emitter of PNP transistor Q6 and the other end of resistor R15 are both connected to 12V.

[0133] The collector of PNP transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of diode D3 through resistor R28. The cathode of diode D3 is connected to the anode of diode D2, one end of resistor R30, and the base of PNP transistor Q9. The cathode of diode D2 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q9, one end of resistor R29, one end of resistor R20, and the cathode of Zener diode D4. The other end of resistor R20 forms the charging control terminal.

[0134] The other end of resistor R30 is connected to the collector of PNP transistor Q9, the other end of resistor R29, and the anode of Zener diode D4.

[0135] Specifically, the charging control circuit refers to the charging control of the battery pack 5. Generally, the charging control terminal can control the charging switch, etc., and can charge or cut off the charging of the battery pack 5.

Claims

1. A battery active balancing management system, characterized in that, The battery active balancing management system includes: The main control unit is connected to the battery pack to be actively balanced, collects the voltage of each battery pack in the connected battery pack, and sends the voltage status of each battery pack to the active balancing unit. The active balancing unit includes at least a balancing control module, an energy storage control module, and a balancing connection selection module, wherein... The equalization connection selection module is adapted to connect with the battery pack, energy storage control module, and equalization control module. The equalization control module selects the high-voltage battery pack to charge the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module through the equalization connection selection module. Then, it controls the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module to charge the low-voltage battery pack through the equalization connection selection module, so as to keep the voltage state of the battery pack in the battery pack consistent.

2. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balanced connection selection module includes a battery pack selection switch group and a selection connector adapted to and connected to the battery pack selection switch group, wherein... The battery pack selection switch group includes several battery pack selection switches. For any battery pack in the battery pack, the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are respectively connected to the selection connector via a battery pack selection switch, so as to be adapted and connected to the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module via the selection connector. Based on the voltage state of each battery pack in the battery pack, the equalization control module controls the closing of the battery pack selection switch corresponding to the high-voltage battery pack, so that the high-voltage battery pack charges the energy storage unit in the energy storage control module through the selection connector and the corresponding battery pack selection switch. After the energy storage unit is charged, the equalization control module disconnects the battery pack selection switch that is in the charging connection state and controls the battery pack selection switch corresponding to the low voltage battery pack to close, so that the energy storage unit charges the low voltage battery pack through the selection connector and the corresponding battery pack selection switch.

3. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit includes at least an energy storage capacitor, wherein... Each end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to a selection connector adapter via an energy storage control switch unit; Within the energy storage control module, an energy storage protection unit is provided for charging and discharging protection of the energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage protection unit is adapted to and connected to the energy storage capacitor.

4. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: For any battery pack selection switch, the battery pack selection switch includes a selection switch unit and a selection switch drive circuit adapted and connected to the selection switch unit, wherein, The selection switch unit uses a switch chip, wherein the D2 terminal of the switch chip is connected to the corresponding battery pack adapter, and the D1 terminal of the switch chip is connected to the selection connector. The model of the switch chip is AO4892. The selection switch drive circuit includes a resistor R110. One end of the resistor R110 is connected to the equalization control module, and the other end of the resistor R110 is connected to the base terminal of the NPN transistor Q34 and one end of the resistor R117. The other end of the resistor R117 and the emitter terminal of the NPN transistor Q34 are both grounded. The collector of NPN transistor Q34 is connected to one end of resistor R132 and resistor R140, one end of capacitor C1, and the base of PNP transistor Q27. The other end of resistor R140, the other end of capacitor C1, and the emitter of PNP transistor Q27 are all connected to voltage GV11. The collector of PNP transistor Q27 is connected to one end of resistor R125, the cathode of Zener diode D17, and the G1 and G2 terminals of the switching chip. The anode of Zener diode D17 and the other end of resistor R125 are connected to the S1 and S2 terminals of the switching chip.

5. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The active balancing unit further includes a balancing power supply module, which includes a voltage GV11 generation unit for generating voltage GV11. The voltage GV11 generation unit includes a resistor R325. One end of the resistor R325 is connected to a 12V-3 voltage, and the other end of the resistor R325 is connected to the anode of the diode D54. The cathode of the diode D54 is connected to one end of the resistor R329 and the source of the NMOS transistor Q116. The other end of resistor R329 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q116 are both connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q118. The base of NPN transistor Q118 is connected to one end of resistor R333 and one end of resistor R337. The other end of resistor R333 is connected to the equalization control module. The other end of resistor R337 and the emitter of NPN transistor Q118 are grounded. The drain terminal of NMOS transistor Q116 is connected to the cathode terminal of Zener diode D55 and one end of resistor R338 to form the output node of voltage GV11. The anode of the Zener diode D55 and the other end of the resistor R338 are both grounded.

6. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy storage control module also includes a capacitor charging and discharging control unit adapted and connected to the energy storage capacitor, wherein... The capacitor charging and discharging control unit includes a charging boost unit; The energy storage protection unit includes a battery pack overcharge protection unit for protecting the low-voltage battery pack from charging and a capacitor overcharge protection unit for protecting the energy storage capacitor from charging. Both the battery pack overcharge protection unit and the capacitor overcharge protection unit are adapted to connect to the energy storage capacitor.

7. The battery active balancing management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The main control unit includes a main controller, a voltage acquisition module, a main control communication module, and a battery pack charging and discharging control module. The voltage acquisition module, main control communication module, and battery pack charging and discharging control module are all adapted and connected to the main controller. The voltage acquisition module collects the voltage status of each battery pack in the battery pack, and the main controller sends the voltage status of all battery packs to the active balancing unit through the main control communication module. The battery pack charge and discharge control module is adapted to connect to the battery pack and is adapted to connect to the main controller. The battery pack charge and discharge control module includes a pre-discharge circuit, a discharge control circuit, and a charging control circuit.

8. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pre-discharge circuit includes a resistor R1, wherein... One end of resistor R1 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q2. The source of NMOS transistor Q2 and the other end of resistor R4 are grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and the base of PNP transistor Q3. The other end of resistor R3 and the collector of PNP transistor Q3 are both connected to a 12V voltage. The collector of PNP transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminal of the battery pack pre-discharge switch through resistor R6.

9. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The discharge control circuit includes a resistor R38, wherein... One end of resistor R38 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R38 is connected to one end of resistor R39 and the gate of PMOS transistor Q13. The source of NMOS transistor Q13 and the other end of resistor R39 are grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q13 is connected to one end of resistor R37. The other end of resistor R37 is connected to one end of resistor R36 and the base of PNP transistor Q11. The other end of resistor R36 and the emitter of PNP transistor Q11 are connected to a 12V voltage. The collector of PNP transistor Q11 is connected to the anode of diode D6 through resistor R40. The cathode of diode D6 is connected to the anode of diode D5, one end of resistor R42, and the base of PNP transistor Q14. The cathode of diode D5 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q14, one end of resistor R41, the cathode of Zener diode D7, and one end of resistor R35. The other end of resistor R35 is connected to the gate of PMOS transistor Q12 and the gate of PMOS transistor Q15. The source of PMOS transistor Q15 is connected to the source of Q12, the other end of resistor R42, the collector of PNP transistor Q14, the other end of resistor R41, and the anode of Zener diode D7. The drain terminals of PMOS transistor Q12 and PMOS transistor Q15 are connected to form a discharge control drive terminal.

10. The battery active balancing management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The charging control circuit includes a resistor R22, wherein, One end of resistor R22 is connected to the main controller, and the other end of resistor R22 is connected to one end of capacitor C3, one end of resistor R27 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q7. The other end of capacitor C3, the other end of resistor R27 and the source terminal of NMOS transistor Q7 are all grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of resistor R15 and the base of PNP transistor Q6. The emitter of PNP transistor Q6 and the other end of resistor R15 are both connected to 12V. The collector of PNP transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of diode D3 through resistor R28. The cathode of diode D3 is connected to the anode of diode D2, one end of resistor R30, and the base of PNP transistor Q9. The cathode of diode D2 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q9, one end of resistor R29, one end of resistor R20, and the cathode of Zener diode D4. The other end of resistor R20 forms the charging control terminal. The other end of resistor R30 is connected to the collector of PNP transistor Q9, the other end of resistor R29, and the anode of Zener diode D4.

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