Heat exchange and storage equipment of multi-stage particle packed bed layer
By designing a multi-stage particle-filled bed device with a five-layer tiered phase change structure inside the thermal storage tank, the problems of complex flow and uneven heat transfer in traditional particle bed structures are solved, achieving efficient and high-density thermal storage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422315776.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-23
AI Technical Summary
Traditional granular bed packed bed structures suffer from problems such as complex flow paths, large pressure drop losses, and uneven heat transfer, resulting in low reaction efficiency and uneven mass transfer, making it difficult to efficiently store heat in a compact space.
A multi-stage particle-filled bed device is designed, in which the heat storage tank is divided into five heat storage bed layers, each filled with PCM particles of different diameters to form a tiered phase change structure. By optimizing the particle distribution through orderly stacking, the heat transfer temperature difference is kept constant, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.
It improves thermal storage efficiency and density, optimizes the heat transfer performance of thermal storage devices, and achieves efficient thermal storage in a compact space, enabling stable operation under various environmental conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN223512566U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to the phase change heat storage and heat exchange technical field, concretely relates to a kind of heat exchange heat storage equipment of multistage granular packing bed. BACKGROUND
[0002] Chemical heat storage is to store reaction heat in chemical substances, store energy through endothermic reaction, and release energy through reverse reaction. The heat storage density of chemical heat storage is about 10 times that of sensible heat storage. Chemical heat storage has the advantage of high heat storage density. However, chemical heat storage has the disadvantages of complex reaction process, high equipment performance requirement, and low cost performance. In practical application, it is easy to have problems such as poor equipment tightness and material corrosion. At present, this technology is still in the early stage of research. Sensible heat storage is to store and release heat by changing the temperature of the material itself and relying on the thermal physical properties of the heat storage material. Sensible heat storage application usually only needs to control temperature, and the operation and management are simple. It is a widely used heat storage method at present. However, this type of material has low heat storage density, large temperature change, and large system space occupation, which makes it difficult to use in compact space, and has certain application limitations.
[0003] Phase change heat storage absorbs or releases latent heat when the material undergoes phase change. Phase change heat storage materials can be divided into organic, molten salt, alloy and composite types. Phase change materials mainly change in solid, liquid and gas three-phase states, among which solid-liquid phase change materials have larger energy storage density and smaller volume and temperature change during phase change, so they are the main research objects at present. Phase change materials have good application prospects in the fields of solar heat utilization, waste heat recovery, building energy saving, etc. Phase change heat storage usually refers to solid-liquid phase change. The heat storage density of phase change heat storage is 5-10 times that of sensible heat storage, which can greatly reduce the equipment volume and system floor area; phase change materials have small temperature and volume change during phase change, simple operation control, and improved safety of heat storage control; at the same time, the cost of phase change heat storage is lower than that of sensible heat storage, chemical heat storage and most electricity storage technologies. Therefore, phase change heat storage is a balanced heat storage technology in all aspects, and has wide application prospects.
[0004] Particle-packed beds involve placing reactants in a fixed bed layer, where the reaction occurs through the particles within the bed. Among particle-packed bed applications, disordered packing is the most common type, offering the advantage of lower cost due to the randomness of its formation process. However, research has shown that the disordered particle distribution within a disordered packing bed leads to complex and variable fluid flow paths. This complexity not only increases flow resistance but also results in significant pressure drop losses. Furthermore, the non-uniformity of the packing structure affects heat transfer efficiency, causing uneven heat transfer and leading to problems with traditional particle-packed bed structures, such as low reaction efficiency and uneven mass transfer. Therefore, a multi-stage particle-packed bed heat exchange and storage device is needed to address this issue. Utility Model Content
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed, including a vertically arranged heat storage tank. The heat storage tank has a fluid inlet channel at its upper end and a fluid outlet channel at its lower end. Multiple heat storage beds are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the heat storage tank, and each heat storage bed is filled with PCM particles in an orderly manner.
[0006] Furthermore, the heat storage tank is composed of an upper tank body, a middle tank body and a lower tank body from top to bottom. The middle tank body is cylindrical, and multiple heat storage bed layers are arranged in the middle tank body.
[0007] Both the upper tank and the lower tank are conical in shape. The cone of the upper tank faces upward, and the fluid inlet channel is located at the upper end of the upper tank. The cone of the lower tank faces downward, and the fluid outlet channel is located at the lower end of the lower tank.
[0008] Furthermore, an upper connecting flange is horizontally provided between the upper tank and the middle tank, and the lower end of the upper tank and the upper end of the middle tank are fixedly connected through the upper connecting flange;
[0009] A lower connecting flange is horizontally provided between the lower tank and the middle tank, and the upper end of the lower tank and the lower end of the middle tank are fixedly connected through the lower connecting flange.
[0010] Furthermore, each of the thermal storage bed layers is provided with an upper positioning bracket on its upper side and a lower positioning bracket on its bottom side. A metal bracket is also provided horizontally between two adjacent thermal storage bed layers. The metal bracket, the upper positioning bracket, and the lower positioning bracket are all fixedly connected to the central tank.
[0011] Furthermore, a top flow equalizer is provided at the top of the middle tank body, the top flow equalizer being located between the upper connecting flange and the upper positioning bracket, and a bottom flow equalizer is provided at the bottom of the middle tank body.
[0012] Furthermore, the thermal storage bed is configured with five layers.
[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the PCM particles in each layer decreases progressively from top to bottom.
[0014] Furthermore, the PCM particles are inorganic thermal storage ceramic particles, which are filled with inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials and organic phase change materials.
[0015] The advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a multi-stage particle-filled bed heat exchange and storage device. It designs a novel, orderly stacked, filled-bed, tiered phase change heat storage device, improving the heat storage efficiency and density of traditional filled-bed structures. By dividing the heat storage bed into five layers within the storage tank, PCMs with different phase change temperatures and enthalpies are arranged in a specific order to form a composite PCM with a certain phase change temperature gradient. The advantage of this tiered arrangement is that the heat transfer temperature difference between the PCM and the heat transfer fluid remains essentially constant, thus improving the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system. The heat storage structure of this bed comprehensively considers two important evaluation indicators for heat storage devices: heat storage rate and heat storage density. The design principle is to maximize the heat storage rate and density of the bed. Through optimized design, the optimal combination of heat storage particle diameters within the bed is obtained, resulting in the best heat storage performance of the device. The present invention proposes an ordered stacking structure with multiple gradients, which can further improve the heat transfer performance while maintaining the same level of heat transfer characteristics through reasonable stacking structure design.
[0016] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Thermal storage tank; 101. Upper tank; 102. Middle tank; 103. Lower tank; 2. Fluid inlet channel; 3. Fluid outlet channel; 4. Thermal storage bed; 5. PCM particles; 6. Upper connecting flange; 7. Lower connecting flange; 8. Upper positioning bracket; 9. Lower positioning bracket; 10. Metal bracket; 11. Top flow equalizer; 12. Bottom flow equalizer. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of this utility model in achieving its intended purpose, the specific implementation methods, structural features and effects of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "aligned", "overlapping", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0022] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0023] Example 1
[0024] This embodiment provides, for example Figure 1 The heat exchange and storage device shown includes a vertically arranged heat storage tank 1. The upper end of the heat storage tank 1 has a fluid inlet channel 2, which is the inlet channel for the fluid in the heat storage process. The lower end of the heat storage tank 1 has a fluid outlet channel 3, which is the outlet channel for the fluid in the heat storage process. Multiple heat storage beds 4 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the heat storage tank 1. Each heat storage bed 4 is filled with PCM particles 5 in an orderly manner. PCM particles 5 are phase change heat storage material particles. They are piled up in the heat storage tank 1 to form a packed bed. The gaps in the PCM particles serve as heat transfer channels. The heat storage tank 1 and other heat storage devices and heat storage particles are made of stainless steel. The heat storage particles are filled with low-temperature organic phase change materials, inorganic salts, or high-temperature molten salt phase change materials.
[0025] Furthermore, the heat storage tank 1 is composed of an upper tank 101, a middle tank 102 and a lower tank 103 from top to bottom. The middle tank 102 is cylindrical and multiple heat storage beds 4 are arranged in the middle tank 102.
[0026] Both the upper tank 101 and the lower tank 103 are conical. The cone of the upper tank 101 faces upward, and the fluid inlet channel 2 is located at the upper end of the upper tank 101. The cone of the lower tank 103 faces downward, and the fluid outlet channel 3 is located at the lower end of the lower tank 103.
[0027] Furthermore, an upper connecting flange 6 is horizontally provided between the upper tank 101 and the middle tank 102, and the lower end of the upper tank 101 and the upper end of the middle tank 102 are fixedly connected by the upper connecting flange 6.
[0028] A lower connecting flange 7 is horizontally provided between the lower tank 103 and the middle tank 102. The upper end of the lower tank 103 and the lower end of the middle tank 102 are fixedly connected by the lower connecting flange 7.
[0029] Furthermore, each thermal storage bed 4 is provided with an upper positioning bracket 8 on its upper side and a lower positioning bracket 9 on its bottom side. A metal bracket 10 is provided horizontally between two adjacent thermal storage bed 4. The metal bracket 10, the upper positioning bracket 8, and the lower positioning bracket 9 are all fixedly connected to the central tank 102.
[0030] Furthermore, a top flow equalizer 11 is provided at the top inside the middle tank 102, which is located between the upper connecting flange 6 and the upper positioning bracket 8, and a bottom flow equalizer 12 is provided at the bottom inside the middle tank 102.
[0031] Furthermore, the thermal storage bed layer 4 is preferably configured as five layers.
[0032] Furthermore, the diameter of the PCM particles 5 filled in each layer decreases layer by layer from top to bottom.
[0033] Furthermore, the PCM particles 5 are made of inorganic thermal storage ceramic particles, which are filled with inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials and organic phase change materials.
[0034] A method for packing a multi-stage particle-filled bed includes the following steps:
[0035] S1: First, the heat storage tank 1 is installed. Then, the upper positioning bracket 8, the lower positioning bracket 9, and the metal bracket 10 are pre-assembled in the middle tank body 102 of the heat storage tank 1 to form a multi-level heat storage bed layer 4. Each heat storage bed layer 4 can be supported by a support grid.
[0036] S2: The multi-level thermal storage bed 4 in the thermal storage tank 1 is set as five layers. Then, PCM particles 5 of different diameters are used to fill the five thermal storage bed 4 layer by layer from bottom to top. The diameter of the PCM particles 5 filled in each thermal storage bed 4 increases from bottom to top. The overall five thermal storage bed 4 are arranged in a step-by-step phase change manner. When the support grid and the bed are filled with gaps, by adjusting the characteristic dimensions of the upper positioning bracket 8, the lower positioning bracket 9, and the metal bracket 10, a stacked bed with different stacking methods or with the same stacking method but different particle spacing can be formed.
[0037] Furthermore, the tiered phase change technology arranges PCM particles 5 with different phase change temperatures and phase change enthalpies in a certain order to form a composite PCM bed with a certain temperature gradient. Compared with a single-stage phase change thermal storage system, the advantage of the tiered arrangement is that the heat transfer temperature difference between the PCM and the heat transfer fluid can be kept basically constant, which can improve the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system. Among them, the tiered phase change temperatures of the five thermal storage bed layers 4 are 375℃, 360℃, 340℃, 320℃, and 305℃ respectively. The heat storage and release time of the tiered phase change thermal storage system is relatively short, and the five-stage phase change system can still recover its original state after multiple high and low temperature cycles, which has good reusability.
[0038] A method for preparing PCM particles in a multi-level particle-filled bed includes the following steps:
[0039] M1: Inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is heated to 30℃~50℃ higher than its own phase change temperature, and organic phase change material is heated to 30℃~50℃ higher than its own phase change temperature. Then, inorganic hydrated salt phase change material and organic phase change material that have changed to liquid phase are obtained respectively. The phase change temperature of inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is 35℃~55℃, and the phase change temperature of organic phase change material is 35℃~65℃. The phase change temperature of inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is lower than that of organic phase change material.
[0040] M2: Heat the ceramsite to a temperature 35-55°C higher than the phase change temperature of the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material, then place it in a reactor and evacuate it to a relative vacuum of -20kPa to -100kPa. Under negative pressure, add the excess inorganic hydrated salt phase change material obtained in step M1 into the reactor, so that the ceramsite is completely immersed in the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material. Then remove the vacuum to atmospheric pressure and finally filter it to obtain ceramsite adsorbed with inorganic hydrated salt phase change material.
[0041] M3: The ceramic particles adsorbed with inorganic hydrated salt phase change material obtained in step M2 are heated to a temperature 35°C to 65°C higher than the phase change temperature of the organic phase change material. Then, under negative pressure, the organic phase change material that has turned into a liquid is passed through a porous nozzle or atomizer to ensure that the phase change material evenly covers each ceramic particle. Then, it is added to the reaction device so that the ceramic particles are completely immersed in the organic phase change material that has turned into a liquid. The vacuum state is removed to atmospheric pressure, and finally, it is filtered to obtain phase change ceramic particles.
[0042] This invention provides a multi-stage particle-filled bed heat exchange and storage device. It designs a novel, orderly stacked, filled-bed, tiered phase change heat storage device, improving the heat storage efficiency and density of traditional filled-bed structures. The heat storage bed 4 is divided into five layers within the heat storage tank 1, with PCMs (Polymer Chromium Molding Compounds) of different phase change temperatures and enthalpies arranged in a specific order to form a composite PCM with a certain phase change temperature gradient. The advantage of this tiered arrangement is that the heat transfer temperature difference between the PCM and the heat transfer fluid remains essentially constant, thus improving the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system. The heat storage structure of the heat storage bed 4 comprehensively considers two important evaluation indicators of heat storage devices: heat storage rate and heat storage density. The design principle is to maximize the heat storage rate and density of the heat storage bed 4. Through optimized design, the optimal combination of heat storage particle diameters within the heat storage bed 4 is obtained, resulting in optimal heat storage performance. The present invention proposes an ordered stacking structure with multiple gradients, which can further improve the heat transfer performance while maintaining the same level of heat transfer characteristics through reasonable stacking structure design.
[0043] In use, the heat storage tank 1 is first installed, and then the upper positioning bracket 8, the lower positioning bracket 9, and the metal bracket 10 are pre-assembled in the middle tank body 102 of the heat storage tank 1 to form a multi-level heat storage bed 4. Each heat storage bed 4 can be supported by a support grid. The multi-level heat storage bed 4 in the heat storage tank 1 is set to five layers. Then, PCM particles 5 of different diameters are arranged and filled from bottom to top in an orderly manner. The diameter of the PCM particles 5 filled in each heat storage bed 4 increases from bottom to top. The five heat storage bed 4 are arranged in a ladder. When the support grid and the bed are filled with gaps, by adjusting the characteristic dimensions of the upper positioning bracket 8, the lower positioning bracket 9, and the metal bracket 10, a stacked bed with different stacking methods or with the same stacking method but different particle spacing can be formed.
[0044] After the system is established, the hot fluid with a higher temperature that is connected to the heat storage tank 1 is first introduced into the system through the inlet channel of the upper tank 101. This step is used to ensure that the hot fluid can be evenly distributed throughout the entire heat storage device.
[0045] Secondly, after the hot fluid enters the upper tank 101, it enters the middle tank 102 through the top flow equalizer 11. The main function of the top flow equalizer 11 is to ensure that the hot fluid is evenly distributed before entering the heat storage bed 4 area, avoiding local overheating or uneven heating, thereby improving the heat storage efficiency. After entering the middle tank 102 through the top flow equalizer 11, the hot fluid enters the heat storage bed 4 area. Then, the hot fluid flows through the five-stage heat storage bed 4 area in sequence, and through the PCM particles 5 arranged in a designed ladder pattern, the hot fluid can fully contact and exchange heat with the PCM particles 5, thereby achieving more efficient heat energy exchange.
[0046] In addition, within the thermal storage bed 4 region, the hot fluid comes into contact with the PCM particles 5, transferring heat energy to the PCM particles 5 through heat conduction and convection. After absorbing heat energy, these particles absorb a large amount of latent heat during this process. At the same time, the temperature of the particles themselves rises, storing heat energy in the form of sensible heat. Due to the change in the diameter of the PCM particles 5 in the thermal storage bed 4, a stepped phase change process can be achieved, thereby achieving a wider temperature range and higher thermal energy utilization rate throughout the entire thermal storage process.
[0047] The preparation method of PCM particles is as follows:
[0048] First, the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is heated to a temperature 30°C–50°C higher than its own phase change temperature. Simultaneously, the organic phase change material is heated to a temperature 30°C–50°C higher than its own phase change temperature. Then, the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material and the organic phase change material are obtained respectively in a liquid state. The phase change temperature of the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is 35°C–55°C, and the phase change temperature of the organic phase change material is 35°C–65°C. The phase change temperature of the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is lower than that of the organic phase change material.
[0049] The ceramsite is then heated to a temperature 35–55°C higher than that of the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material. It is then placed in a reactor and evacuated to a relative vacuum of -20 kPa to -100 kPa. Under negative pressure, the excess inorganic hydrated salt phase change material obtained in step M1 is added to the reactor, so that the ceramsite is completely submerged in the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material. The vacuum is then removed to atmospheric pressure, and finally filtered to obtain ceramsite adsorbed with inorganic hydrated salt phase change material.
[0050] Then, the ceramic particles adsorbed with inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials obtained in step M2 are heated to a temperature 35°C to 65°C higher than the phase change temperature of the organic phase change materials. Next, under negative pressure, the organic phase change materials that have turned into liquid are passed through a porous nozzle or atomizer to ensure that the phase change materials uniformly cover each ceramic particle. Then, they are added to the reaction device so that the ceramic particles are completely immersed in the organic phase change materials that have turned into liquid. The vacuum state is removed to atmospheric pressure, and finally, the particles are filtered to obtain phase change ceramic particles.
[0051] The preferred inorganic hydrated salt phase change material is disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate ( · Its phase transition temperature is around 35℃, and sodium sulfate ( · Its phase transition temperature is around 32℃, sodium acetate ( · Its phase transition temperature is approximately 58℃;
[0052] The preferred organic phase change material is phase change paraffin, with a phase change temperature of 10–50°C;
[0053] The preferred inorganic water and salt materials and organic phase change materials can be selected from materials with other phase change temperature gradients according to the temperature setting of the cascade phase change thermal storage system.
[0054] Finally, after flowing through the lowest heat storage bed 4, the hot fluid enters the lower tank 103 through the bottom equalization fluid. As the hot fluid flows through the heat storage bed 4, its temperature gradually decreases, eventually transforming into a cooled cryogenic working fluid. This cryogenic working fluid is discharged through the fluid outlet channel 3 at the bottom of the lower tank 103, thus completing the entire heat storage process. Throughout the heat storage process, by precisely controlling the flow rate of the hot fluid, the particle distribution of the heat storage bed 4, and the selection of the phase change material, the heat storage efficiency can be maximized while reducing heat loss. The design of this heat storage device considers adaptability to different environmental conditions, enabling stable operation under various temperature and pressure conditions, ensuring the reliability and durability of the heat storage process.
[0055] Analysis of the heat storage process reveals that, for the heat storage device with bed 4, the temperature gradually decreases along the fluid flow direction due to continuous heat exchange between the heat exchange fluid and the phase change material. For the entire heat storage device, the heat exchange fluid temperature is high and the temperature difference is large in section 2 of the fluid inlet channel, resulting in good heat exchange performance. However, in section 3 of the fluid outlet channel, the heat exchange fluid temperature is low, the temperature difference is small, and the heat exchange performance deteriorates. Therefore, arranging larger diameter heat storage particles in the upper layer of the heat storage device can achieve a higher heat storage density, while arranging smaller diameter heat storage particles in the lower layer can increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat storage rate. Furthermore, considering the overall structure of the heat storage device, compared to a single-layer heat storage particle device with the same diameter, a five-layer variable particle diameter heat storage device can improve the heat storage rate density, resulting in optimal heat storage performance.
[0056] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed, characterized in that: It includes a vertically arranged heat storage tank (1), with a fluid inlet channel (2) at the upper end and a fluid outlet channel (3) at the lower end. Multiple heat storage bed layers (4) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the heat storage tank (1), and each heat storage bed layer (4) is filled with PCM particles (5) in an orderly manner.
2. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage tank (1) is composed of an upper tank body (101), a middle tank body (102) and a lower tank body (103) from top to bottom. The middle tank body (102) is cylindrical, and multiple heat storage bed layers (4) are arranged in the middle tank body (102). Both the upper tank (101) and the lower tank (103) are conical. The cone of the upper tank (101) faces upward, the fluid inlet channel (2) is located at the upper end of the upper tank (101), the cone of the lower tank (103) faces downward, and the fluid outlet channel (3) is located at the lower end of the lower tank (103).
3. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 2, characterized in that: An upper connecting flange (6) is horizontally provided between the upper tank (101) and the middle tank (102), and the lower end of the upper tank (101) and the upper end of the middle tank (102) are fixedly connected through the upper connecting flange (6). A lower connecting flange (7) is horizontally provided between the lower tank (103) and the middle tank (102), and the upper end of the lower tank (103) and the lower end of the middle tank (102) are fixedly connected through the lower connecting flange (7).
4. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Each heat storage bed (4) is provided with an upper positioning bracket (8) on its upper side and a lower positioning bracket (9) on its bottom side. A metal bracket (10) is provided horizontally between two adjacent heat storage bed layers (4). The metal bracket (10), the upper positioning bracket (8), and the lower positioning bracket (9) are all fixedly connected to the middle tank (102).
5. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A top flow equalizer (11) is provided above the middle tank (102), and the top flow equalizer (11) is located between the upper connecting flange (6) and the upper positioning bracket (8). A bottom flow equalizer (12) is provided below the middle tank (102).
6. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal storage bed (4) is configured as five layers.
7. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the PCM particles (5) in each layer decreases from top to bottom.
8. The heat exchange and storage device with a multi-stage particle-filled bed as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The PCM particles (5) are inorganic thermal storage ceramic particles, which are filled with inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials and organic phase change materials.