Battery pack charging and discharging device

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery pack charging and discharging device, comprising a charging loop which comprises a charging device, a current-limiting air switch and a battery pack; the discharge loop comprises a battery pack, an over-current air switch, an over-current delay control circuit and electric equipment; the current-limiting air switch is used for cutting off the charging loop when the current of the charging loop reaches a preset current-limiting value; and the overcurrent air switch is used for cutting off the discharge loop when the current of the discharge loop reaches a preset overcurrent value. According to the utility model, the charging loop and the discharging loop are respectively provided with the current-limiting air switch and the over-current air switch to realize the over-current-limiting detection function, and no extra over-current-limiting special equipment is needed, so that the occupied space is reduced, the use cost and the later maintenance cost are reduced, and the air switches are adopted, and the operation is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery charging and discharging technology, and in particular to a battery pack charging and discharging device. Background Technology

[0002] During the charging and discharging process of lithium batteries, if the current is too large or the battery is subjected to a large current surge, excessive heat may be generated inside the battery, which may lead to battery damage, performance degradation, or even safety accidents.

[0003] Therefore, after lithium batteries are assembled into a pack, current limiting and overcurrent tests are required to ensure the safety of the battery pack during charging and discharging. Testing the charging current limit ensures the pack can function self-protection under high charging current surges, reducing the current to a set value. Testing the discharging overcurrent ensures the pack can function self-protection under high discharging current surges, achieving the desired effect.

[0004] While battery pack charging and discharging equipment exists on the market, most lack dedicated overcurrent limiting devices. These require additional specialized equipment for these two tests, consuming considerable space, incurring high operating and maintenance costs, and being complex to operate. Therefore, a dedicated battery pack charging and discharging device for overcurrent limiting is needed. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model proposes a battery pack charging and discharging device, which aims to solve the problem that there is a lack of dedicated equipment for overcurrent limiting in the battery pack charging and discharging devices on the market.

[0006] To address the above problems, this utility model proposes a battery pack charging and discharging device, comprising:

[0007] A charging circuit includes a charging device, a current-limiting air switch, and a battery pack. The charging circuit is used to charge the battery pack using the charging device.

[0008] The discharge circuit includes a battery pack, an overcurrent air switch, an overcurrent delay control circuit, and electrical equipment. The discharge circuit is used to discharge the battery pack to the electrical equipment.

[0009] The current-limiting air switch is used to cut off the charging circuit when the charging circuit current reaches a preset current limit value; one end of the current-limiting air switch is electrically connected to one end of the battery pack, the other end of the current-limiting air switch is electrically connected to one end of the charging device, and the other end of the battery pack is electrically connected to the other end of the charging device.

[0010] The overcurrent air switch is used to cut off the discharge circuit when the discharge circuit current reaches a preset overcurrent value; one end of the overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the battery pack, the other end of the overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the electrical equipment, and the other end of the battery pack is electrically connected to the other end of the charging equipment.

[0011] The overcurrent delay control circuit is used to control the current in the discharge circuit to increase slowly over a delay period. The overcurrent delay control circuit is connected in series between the overcurrent air switch and the electrical equipment.

[0012] Optionally, the overcurrent air switch includes a first overcurrent air switch and a second overcurrent air switch. One end of the first overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the other end of the first overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the electrical device. One end of the second overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to the other end of the electrical device via an overcurrent delay control circuit, and the other end of the second overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack.

[0013] Optionally, the battery pack charging and discharging device further includes an AC / DC conversion circuit, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the input power supply, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the control terminal of the overcurrent delay control circuit via a first overcurrent air switch.

[0014] The AC / DC conversion circuit is used to convert alternating current into direct current.

[0015] Optionally, the electrical equipment is provided with multiple resistive loads, each of the resistive loads forming a discharge branch with a second overcurrent air switch, and the multiple discharge branches are connected in parallel.

[0016] Optionally, the overcurrent delay control circuit is located on the discharge branch.

[0017] Optionally, the charging device includes a charging circuit, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to an input power source, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack via a current-limiting air switch.

[0018] Optionally, the battery pack charging and discharging device further includes a current sampling circuit, the discharge circuit is connected in series with a first current sampling circuit, and a second current sampling circuit is provided between the AC / DC conversion circuit and the overcurrent delay control circuit.

[0019] Optionally, the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are connected to the charging circuit and the discharging circuit via alligator clips.

[0020] Optionally, the battery pack charging and discharging device further includes a charger instrument, a power meter, and a fan, and the charging equipment supplies power to the charger instrument, the power meter, and the fan.

[0021] Optionally, the power meter is electrically connected to a Hall sensor, which is located between the battery pack and the charging device.

[0022] This invention incorporates a current-limiting air switch and an overcurrent air switch in both the charging and discharging circuits to achieve overcurrent detection. This eliminates the need for additional dedicated overcurrent limiting equipment, thereby reducing space requirements, lowering operating and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the air switches used in this invention are easy to operate.

[0023] This invention features an overcurrent delay control circuit. Once the current exceeds a preset threshold, the delay trigger circuit is activated to prevent damage to the product from a sudden surge in current. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a battery pack charging and discharging device according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a battery pack charging and discharging device according to the present invention.

[0027] Charging equipment 01, current limiting air switch 02, battery pack 03, overcurrent delay control circuit 04, electrical equipment 05, first overcurrent air switch 61, second overcurrent air switch 62.

[0028] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0031] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, if the word "and / or" appears throughout the text, it means including three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0032] This utility model proposes a battery pack charging and discharging device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0033] The charging circuit includes a charging device 01, a current-limiting air switch 02, and a battery pack 03. The charging circuit is used to charge the battery pack 03 using the charging device 01.

[0034] The discharge circuit includes a battery pack 03, an overcurrent air switch, an overcurrent delay control circuit 04, and an electrical device 05. The discharge circuit is used to discharge the battery pack 03 to the electrical device 05.

[0035] The current limiting air switch 02 is used to cut off the charging circuit when the charging circuit current reaches the preset current limit value; one end of the current limiting air switch 02 is electrically connected to one end of the battery pack 03, and the other end of the current limiting air switch 02 is electrically connected to one end of the charging device 01, and the other end of the battery pack 03 is electrically connected to the other end of the charging device 01.

[0036] An overcurrent air switch is used to cut off the discharge circuit when the discharge circuit current reaches a preset overcurrent value. One end of the overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the battery pack 03, and the other end of the overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the electrical equipment 05. The other end of the battery pack 03 is electrically connected to the other end of the charging equipment 01.

[0037] The overcurrent delay control circuit 04 is used to control the current in the discharge circuit to rise slowly over a delay period. The overcurrent delay control circuit 04 is connected in series between the overcurrent air switch and the electrical equipment 05.

[0038] There are many types of charging and discharging equipment on the market, each with different functions, mainly used in battery testing, energy storage system maintenance, and communication base station battery management. Lithium battery charging and discharging equipment is specifically designed for charging and discharging tests of lithium batteries.

[0039] Most lithium battery charging and discharging equipment can precisely control the charging and discharging current, voltage, and power to meet different testing needs; it can collect battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time, and perform data analysis and processing to evaluate battery performance and health status; it has protection functions such as overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, and abnormal temperature to ensure the safety and reliability of the testing process.

[0040] A lithium battery pack refers to a complete battery system formed by connecting multiple lithium battery cells, a battery management system (BMS), a casing, connectors, heat sinks, and other components together through welding, assembly, and other methods. This process involves multiple stages, including cell selection, battery pack structural design, and BMS integration and debugging. To ensure the safety performance of the battery pack under abnormal current conditions, the lithium battery pack needs to undergo current limiting and overcurrent testing.

[0041] However, most lithium battery charging and discharging equipment on the market lacks current limiting and overcurrent testing functions, requiring the addition of dedicated overcurrent limiting testing equipment. Dedicated overcurrent limiting equipment has the following problems: 1. High purchase and maintenance costs, resulting in low economic efficiency and failing to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement. 2. Due to its large size, high power, and the need for designated placement, it is difficult for operators to use. 3. The equipment is complex to operate, requiring a certain level of technical skill, and requires a period of training before it can be used even with basic skills, thus increasing labor costs.

[0042] To address the lack of dedicated overcurrent limiting devices in commercially available battery pack charging and discharging systems, this invention proposes a battery pack charging and discharging device. This device comprises a charging circuit and a discharging circuit. The charging circuit is equipped with a current-limiting air switch 02. When the charging circuit current reaches a preset current limit value, the charging circuit is cut off. The current-limiting air switch 02 can detect whether the battery pack can achieve self-protection under the impact of a large charging current, and can reduce the current to the set value.

[0043] An overcurrent air switch is provided on the discharge circuit to cut off the charging circuit when the charging circuit current reaches the preset current limit value. The overcurrent air switch can detect whether the battery pack 03 can achieve self-protection function under the impact of large discharge current and whether it can achieve the set effect.

[0044] Unlike other applications that require dedicated overcurrent limiting devices, this application features a small size and low power consumption, making it suitable for various application scenarios without incurring additional procurement costs. Furthermore, the air switch is easy to operate, allowing for manual or automatic circuit control, reducing operator workload and learning time, and lowering labor costs. The air switch also boasts a rational structural design with no complex components, facilitating easy installation and maintenance, thus reducing subsequent upkeep costs.

[0045] This application includes an overcurrent delay control circuit 04 in the discharge circuit. The overcurrent delay control circuit 04 combines overcurrent protection and delay control functions. It can detect the current magnitude in the circuit and trigger a protection mechanism when the current exceeds a certain threshold, while providing a certain delay time to avoid malfunction. In this application, the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 has a current delay ramp-up function to prevent the risk of damage to the product from instantaneous high current.

[0046] In one embodiment, the overcurrent air switch includes a first overcurrent air switch 61 and a second overcurrent air switch 62. One end of the first overcurrent air switch 61 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack 03, and the other end of the first overcurrent air switch 61 is electrically connected to one end of the electrical device 05. One end of the second overcurrent air switch 62 is electrically connected to the other end of the electrical device 05 via an overcurrent delay control circuit 04, and the other end of the second overcurrent air switch 62 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack 03.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first overcurrent circuit breaker 61 is located between the positive terminal of the battery pack 03 and the electrical device 05. It serves as the main overcurrent circuit breaker, providing overall protection for the entire discharge circuit. When the current in the circuit exceeds the set overcurrent value of the main overcurrent circuit breaker, it quickly disconnects the circuit to prevent overcurrent damage to the entire system. The second overcurrent circuit breaker 62 is located on the electrical device 05 and its location varies depending on the number of devices 05. It protects local circuits. When the current in a local circuit exceeds the set overcurrent value of the branch overcurrent circuit breaker, it disconnects that local circuit to prevent equipment damage or the spread of faults.

[0048] In one embodiment, the battery pack 03 charging and discharging device further includes an AC / DC conversion circuit. The input terminal of the AC / DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the input power supply, and the output terminal of the AC / DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the control terminal of the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 via the first overcurrent air switch 61.

[0049] An AC / DC converter circuit is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). The AC / DC converter circuit rectifies and steps down the input power supply to DC, which is then supplied to the overcurrent delay control circuit 04. Preferably, the AC / DC converter circuit uses high-efficiency and low-loss rectifier diodes, filter capacitors, and switching elements to reduce the overall circuit loss.

[0050] In one embodiment, the electrical equipment 05 is equipped with multiple resistive loads, each resistive load forming a discharge branch with a second overcurrent circuit breaker 62, and the multiple discharge branches are connected in parallel. When the current exceeds a set value, the circuit breaker will automatically disconnect the circuit to prevent equipment damage or fire and other safety accidents. In this embodiment, each resistive load is equipped with a second circuit breaker to ensure that the power supply to that branch can be cut off in time when an overcurrent occurs.

[0051] Multiple discharge branches connected in parallel mean that each branch can work independently without affecting the others. Even if the second overcurrent air switch 62 of one discharge branch is disconnected, the other discharge branches will still be working.

[0052] In one embodiment, the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 is located on the discharge branch. The operation of the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 generally includes: current detection, delay mechanism, and disconnection of the discharge circuit. The overcurrent delay control circuit 04 typically includes a current sensor for real-time monitoring of the current in the discharge branch. When the current exceeds a preset threshold, the sensor outputs an overcurrent signal.

[0053] Upon receiving an overcurrent signal, the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 will activate the delay mechanism. The delay time can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure that the discharge circuit can be cut off when an overcurrent actually occurs, while avoiding malfunctions caused by instantaneous overcurrent.

[0054] After the delay ends, if the current still exceeds the threshold, the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 will output a control signal to cut off the switching elements (such as relays, MOSFETs, etc.) in the discharge circuit, thereby protecting the battery pack 03 and the electrical equipment 05. The overcurrent delay control circuit 04 is located on the discharge branch and provides additional safety protection for the battery pack 03 and the electrical equipment 05 through real-time current monitoring, the introduction of a delay mechanism, and the cutting off of the discharge circuit. In practical applications, the design needs to be comprehensively considered based on factors such as the characteristics of the battery pack 03, the load characteristics of the electrical equipment 05, and safety standards.

[0055] In one embodiment, the charging device 01 includes a charging circuit. The input terminal of the charging circuit is electrically connected to an input power source, and the output terminal of the charging circuit is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack 03 via a current-limiting air switch 02.

[0056] The input terminal of the charging circuit is connected to the input power supply. To ensure the safety and stability of the charging process, the input terminal is usually equipped with safety measures such as overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection. The charging circuit may contain key components such as a rectifier module, a filter module, a power factor correction (PFC) module, and a DC / DC converter module.

[0057] The rectifier module converts AC to DC; the filter module smooths the ripple in the DC; the PFC module improves the power factor of the circuit and reduces pollution to the power grid; and the DC / DC converter module adjusts the DC to a voltage and current range suitable for charging battery pack 03. Additionally, to ensure safe charging of battery pack 03, the charging circuit output may also be equipped with modules for battery pack 03 identification, temperature monitoring, and charging status indication.

[0058] In one embodiment, the battery pack 03 charging and discharging device further includes a current sampling circuit. A first current sampling circuit is connected in series in the discharge circuit, and a second current sampling circuit is provided between the AC / DC conversion circuit and the overcurrent delay control circuit 04. The current sampling circuit is mainly used to monitor the current changes of the battery pack 03 during the charging and discharging process to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery pack 03.

[0059] In this embodiment, current sampling can be performed via a digital-to-analog converter. The first current sampling circuit monitors the current changes of the battery pack 03 during discharge. By collecting discharge current data, the remaining charge and discharge rate of the battery pack 03 can be monitored in real time, providing important reference for the management and maintenance of the battery pack 03 and preventing damage or safety accidents caused by excessive current.

[0060] The second current sampling circuit is located between the AC / DC conversion circuit and the overcurrent delay control circuit 04 to monitor the converted DC current. This helps ensure that the output current of the AC / DC conversion circuit is stable and meets the charging requirements of the battery pack 03. At the same time, the efficiency and performance of the conversion circuit can be evaluated by monitoring the current data.

[0061] In one embodiment, the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack 03 are connected to the charging and discharging circuits via alligator clips. The alligator clips can easily clamp onto the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack 03 without welding or bolting, facilitating quick replacement or maintenance of the battery pack 03. Simultaneously, the use of alligator clips simplifies the connection process between the battery pack 03 and the charging and discharging circuits, improving work efficiency. Furthermore, alligator clips are suitable for various types and sizes of battery packs 03, increasing the applicability of the charging and discharging device.

[0062] In one embodiment, the battery pack 03 charging and discharging device further includes a charger meter, a power meter, and a fan. The charging device 01 supplies power to the charger meter, the power meter, and the fan. The charger meter displays parameters such as current, voltage, and charging time during the charging process; the power meter calculates and displays the remaining capacity or charging status of the battery pack 03 based on parameters such as current and voltage; the fan is used for heat dissipation to ensure that components such as the battery pack 03, the charging device 01, and the charger meter do not overheat during charging and discharging.

[0063] During the charging process, charging device 01 charges battery pack 03, the charger's instrument displays charging parameters, sensors measure the charging current, and transmit the data to the power meter for updating. A fan starts when needed for heat dissipation.

[0064] During discharge, battery pack 03 supplies power to device 05, sensors measure the discharge current, and the power meter updates the remaining power of battery pack 03 based on the data. A fan also starts when needed for heat dissipation.

[0065] In one embodiment, a power meter is electrically connected to a Hall sensor, which is located between the battery pack 03 and the charging device 01. The Hall sensor provides high-precision and stable magnetic field measurement, and features low power consumption and low cost, making it suitable for large-scale applications. The Hall sensor accurately measures the charging and discharging current, then transmits the current data to the power meter. Based on the current and parameters such as the voltage of the battery pack 03, the power meter calculates and displays the remaining power or charging status of the battery pack 03.

[0066] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and do not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery pack charging and discharging device, characterized in that, include: A charging circuit includes a charging device, a current-limiting air switch, and a battery pack. The charging circuit is used to charge the battery pack using the charging device. The discharge circuit includes a battery pack, an overcurrent air switch, an overcurrent delay control circuit, and electrical equipment. The discharge circuit is used to discharge the battery pack to the electrical equipment. The current-limiting air switch is used to cut off the charging circuit when the charging circuit current reaches a preset current limit value; one end of the current-limiting air switch is electrically connected to one end of the battery pack, the other end of the current-limiting air switch is electrically connected to one end of the charging device, and the other end of the battery pack is electrically connected to the other end of the charging device. The overcurrent air switch is used to cut off the discharge circuit when the discharge circuit current reaches a preset overcurrent value; one end of the overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the battery pack, the other end of the overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the electrical equipment, and the other end of the battery pack is electrically connected to the other end of the charging equipment. The overcurrent delay control circuit is used to control the current in the discharge circuit to increase slowly over a delay period. The overcurrent delay control circuit is connected in series between the overcurrent air switch and the electrical equipment.

2. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overcurrent air switch includes a first overcurrent air switch and a second overcurrent air switch. One end of the first overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the other end of the first overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to one end of the electrical device. One end of the second overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to the other end of the electrical device through an overcurrent delay control circuit, and the other end of the second overcurrent air switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack.

3. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery pack charging and discharging device also includes an AC / DC conversion circuit. The input terminal of the AC / DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the input power supply, and the output terminal of the AC / DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the control terminal of the overcurrent delay control circuit through a first overcurrent air switch. The AC / DC conversion circuit is used to convert alternating current into direct current.

4. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrical equipment is provided with multiple resistive loads, each of which forms a discharge branch with a second overcurrent air switch, and the multiple discharge branches are connected in parallel.

5. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overcurrent delay control circuit is located on the discharge branch.

6. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The charging device includes a charging circuit, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to an input power source, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of a battery pack via a current-limiting air switch.

7. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery pack charging and discharging device also includes a current sampling circuit. The discharge circuit is connected in series with a first current sampling circuit, and a second current sampling circuit is provided between the AC / DC conversion circuit and the overcurrent delay control circuit.

8. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are connected to the charging and discharging circuits via alligator clips.

9. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack charging and discharging device also includes a charger instrument, a power meter, and a fan, and the charging equipment supplies power to the charger instrument, the power meter, and the fan.

10. The battery pack charging and discharging device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The power meter is electrically connected to a Hall sensor, which is located between the battery pack and the charging device.

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