Unmanned ship towed distributed enhanced grating array optical fiber submarine cable sensing system

Abstract

The utility model provides a towing type distributed enhanced grating array optical fiber submarine cable sensing system of an unmanned ship. The system comprises a water surface unmanned ship platform, an electric laying and recycling winch and a towing type distributed grating array optical fiber sensing submarine cable system. The water surface unmanned ship platform comprises a water surface unmanned ship body, an unmanned ship control subsystem, an unmanned ship deck, an unmanned ship sharing communication module, an unmanned ship sharing control module, a sharing calculation module, a sharing storage module and a sharing power supply module. The towed distributed grating array optical fiber sensing submarine cable system comprises a novel distributed grating array optical fiber detection submarine cable, a towed towed body, a towed communication cable and a towed depth setting device. The novel distributed grating array optical fiber detection submarine cable is an all-solid-state and all-cable distributed detection and entity inscribing grating array, has the advantages of being high in reliability, small in cable diameter and convenient to fold, unfold and drag, meets coiling of a small-sized electric laying and recovering winch, and meets carrying and using of small and medium-sized unmanned surface ship platforms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of underwater optical fiber detection technology, and in particular to an unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array optical fiber submarine cable sensing system. Background Technology

[0002] Invention patent CN109633659A provides a miniature sonar array system and a device for underwater monitoring combined with an unmanned surface vessel, overcoming the shortcomings of existing underwater target monitoring systems, such as high cost, poor flexibility, large size, heavy weight, complex structure, difficulty in deployment and retrieval, and difficult maintenance. However, it is still an improvement rather than a complete overhaul of traditional hydrophone sonar arrays. The array still contains miniature sonars arranged in series at intervals, and there are still many floats and sensing elements. It still has relatively high manufacturing difficulty and a long manufacturing cycle. The manufacturing cost is still not ideal because it has not yet been fully automated. At the same time, because it still uses cable analog signals (instead of all-fiber), electronic noise interference is still prevalent.

[0003] However, current conventional methods such as towed fiber optic hydrophone arrays and towed piezoelectric sensor arrays still suffer from relatively complex structures, numerous components, limited towed array scale, relatively low reliability, relatively poor maintainability (repairability), relatively thick array submarine cables, heavy and bulky winch loads, and high load-bearing requirements for unmanned surface vessels (USVs) and decks. At the same time, the modularization, mass production, and large-scale rapid production capabilities of USVs and current towed sonar arrays are limited, resulting in relatively high costs. This leads to a mismatch between towed sensing and USVs in terms of scale, capabilities, cost, mass production, and intelligence. Consequently, the cluster application and swarm combat capabilities of USVs remain in their early stages, still limited by the availability, reliability, low-cost accessibility, scale, clustering, and autonomous intelligence of load-bearing sensor arrays. Utility Model Content

[0004] Specifically, this utility model proposes an unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system, which includes an unmanned surface vessel platform, an electric deployment and recovery winch, and a towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem.

[0005] The unmanned surface vessel platform is used to carry an electric deployment and recovery winch and a towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem.

[0006] The electric deployment and recovery winch is used to deploy and retrieve the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable.

[0007] The towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable; the distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable includes an enhanced fiber core and a fiber optic detection submarine cable core.

[0008] The fiber-enhanced core includes two cores: a detection core and an attitude monitoring core. The fiber-enhanced core is tightly wound on the fiber-optic detection submarine cable core shaft according to a preset tight-wound ratio with a fixed pitch or a variable pitch.

[0009] Furthermore, the fiber-enhanced core is provided with multiple grating arrays; the grating arrays are evenly distributed or spaced apart according to the sensitivity requirements; the higher the sensitivity requirement, the longer the grating array size corresponding to the position.

[0010] Furthermore, in the distributed grating array fiber optic probe submarine cable, the density of the fiber reinforcement core winding is high at locations with high sensitivity requirements, and the density of the fiber reinforcement core winding is low at locations with low sensitivity requirements.

[0011] Furthermore, the towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a vibration isolation section submarine cable; the vibration isolation section includes a front vibration isolation section and a rear vibration isolation section. In order to reduce the impact of unmanned surface vessel platform noise and array cable vibration on the underwater acoustic measurement of the acoustic array section, the length of the front vibration isolation section is designed to be more than 10m, forming isolation from noise and vibration.

[0012] Furthermore, the towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a towed communication cable, which is used to provide connection and signal transmission for the distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable.

[0013] Furthermore, the towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a towed depth stabilizer, which, in conjunction with the winch's deployment length and the unmanned vessel's towing speed, controls the attitude of the distributed grating array fiber optic detection cable and the depth of the fiber optic cable array.

[0014] Furthermore, the distributed grating array fiber optic probe cable also includes a tightly wound fiber-cured coating layer;

[0015] The tightly wound fiber curing coating is a filling layer covering the outside of the fiber reinforcement core and the fiber optic probe cable core, used to ensure that the distributed grating array fiber optic probe cable structure is compact and uniformly circular.

[0016] Furthermore, the unmanned surface vessel platform also includes the hull of the unmanned surface vessel;

[0017] The unmanned surface vessel adopts a multi-hull layout to reduce noise at high speeds and improve navigation stability.

[0018] Furthermore, the unmanned surface vessel platform also includes a shared communication module for unmanned vessels; the shared communication module for unmanned vessels includes a multi-mode communication antenna module, a multi-mode communication base station module, and a cluster networking communication module;

[0019] The multimode communication antenna module and the multimode communication base station module are used to enable the unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system to conduct long-, medium- and short-range multimode communication with the shore command center or main station.

[0020] The cluster networking communication module is used to realize self-organizing network communication between clusters of unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing systems.

[0021] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are:

[0022] First, the new distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable (detection segment) is an all-solid-state, all-cable distributed detection, physical grating array, which has comprehensive advantages over existing equipment and processes: mooring array, long-distance towing, high reliability of all-distributed and all-solid-state, good maintainability, high cost-effectiveness, thin cable diameter, easy to deploy and tow, and miniaturization to meet the requirements of miniaturized electric deployment and recovery winch deployment, and to meet the requirements of small and medium-sized unmanned surface vessel platforms.

[0023] Secondly, the fiber optic towed sensing submarine cable with grating array adopts fully automated processes for fiber core, fiber pretreatment coating, zero buoyancy tensile core, distributed or nodal sensitization of the entire cable, tight winding, coating, and outer sheath. It can be mass-produced and scaled up, with short production cycles, less manpower, and significantly reduced overall costs.

[0024] Third, through automatic (electric / remote control) winch deployment and recovery, it can meet the unmanned autonomous requirements of unmanned vessel platforms. Under autonomous or remote control, it can automatically complete the deployment and recovery of towed distributed fiber optic arrays, forming a completely autonomous, automated, and unmanned operation.

[0025] Fourth, by centralizing data processing, optical path subsystems, autonomous target recognition, autonomous decision-making, and automatic transmission of brief signals, it is possible to achieve shared computing, shared storage, and shared signal transmission channels with the unmanned vessel platform. This enables the integrated fusion of computing, storage, and signal transmission between the towed distributed fiber optic array submarine cable and the unmanned vessel platform, rather than their separation.

[0026] Fifth, adapting to unmanned vessel platforms, the towed distributed grating array fiber optic submarine cable is organically combined with the unmanned vessel, which not only achieves overall hardware and software integration and optimization, but also reduces the weight of the equipment, reduces the complexity of the system, improves the overall reliability of the system, enhances maintainability, and improves the overall availability of the system.

[0027] Sixth, the aforementioned comprehensive advantages can form a complete match in terms of low cost, high performance, miniaturization, mass production, rapid production, high reliability, and high maintainability for new distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cables, electric deployment and recovery winches, and unmanned surface vessel clusters. It can fully support the large-scale deployment needs of each unmanned vessel cluster for economical (low cost) and cost-effective towed distributed grating arrays. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cluster of unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing systems provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a surface unmanned vessel platform in a towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a distributed grating array fiber optic cable detection system for a towed unmanned vessel in accordance with an embodiment of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a shared computing, shared control, and shared storage module in an unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 5 A system information flowchart of an unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system provided for an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of this utility model will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This utility model includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0034] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides an unmanned surface vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system, which includes: an unmanned surface vessel platform, a towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem, and an electric deployment and recovery winch.

[0035] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the surface unmanned vessel platform is not only the overall execution platform for towed detection and perception of underwater targets, but also the overall execution platform for clustered detection systems, as well as the platform for deploying and recovering towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing subsystems.

[0036] Specifically, the surface unmanned vessel platform includes the surface unmanned vessel hull, unmanned vessel control subsystem, unmanned vessel deck, unmanned vessel shared communication module, unmanned vessel shared control module, shared computing module, shared storage module, and shared power supply module.

[0037] The unmanned surface vessel's hull structure, seaworthiness, and quietness characteristics have all been optimized to meet the requirements of towed sensor perception. Overall hull design and key components have undergone vibration and noise reduction treatments to satisfy detection requirements. Through comprehensive calculations of the unmanned surface vessel's adaptability to high sea states, navigation stability, and noise suppression at high speeds, the platform was designed as a multi-hull vessel with optimized hydrodynamic performance based on a main and side hull layout. This resulted in a multi-hull structure design with minimal total resistance. Additionally, the relatively large aft deck area facilitates the installation of an electric deployment and recovery winch.

[0038] The unmanned vessel control subsystem includes an unmanned vessel autonomous mission control subsystem, an unmanned vessel navigation control subsystem, and an unmanned vessel external interface control subsystem. The unmanned vessel external interface control subsystem is used to control the winch and towed array for constant depth and speed control.

[0039] The unmanned surface vessel (USV) deck includes the USV deck platform, the installation interface for the electrically operated deployment and recovery winch, and the installation interface for the towed deployment and recovery auxiliary guidance device. The USV deck provides the overall installation foundation for the electrically operated deployment and recovery winch, its coiled towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable subsystem, and the towed deployment and recovery auxiliary guidance device.

[0040] The shared communication module for unmanned surface vessels (USVs) includes a multi-mode communication antenna module, a multi-mode communication base station module (for short-, medium-, and long-range communication), and a cluster networking communication module. This enables long-, medium-, and short-range multi-mode communication (long-range satellite, spread spectrum, shortwave, broadband, etc.) between the USVs and the shore-based command center or main station, as well as self-organizing network communication between USV clusters. Based on these communication modes, the communication channel capacity and rate place high demands on the real-time sensing or decision-making results transmission of USVs, especially towed distributed grating array (DGA) fiber optic cables. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt the configuration of the shared communication module to include related shared computing and storage modules to support the real-time detection, information processing, decision-making, and result transmission of the towed DGA fiber optic sensing submarine cable system.

[0041] The unmanned surface vessel (USV) uses a shared communication module to enable long-, medium-, and short-range multi-mode communication between the USV and the shore-based command center or main station (including the USV's intelligent remote controller, universal display and control station, and cloud server). Figure 4The communication connections shown include remote satellite, spread spectrum communication, shortwave, broadband communication, etc., as well as the self-organizing network communication mode between unmanned vessel clusters. Based on the above communication connections, the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable system can send real-time detection, information processing, decision-making and results to the unmanned vessel general display and control station and the unmanned vessel cloud server. The system can also send control commands such as the unmanned vessel intelligent remote controller to the surface unmanned vessel platform via the above communication connections.

[0042] The unmanned surface vessel (USV) uses a shared control module, which includes an intelligent control module, a basic control module, and a backup control module. It integrates and optimizes the original USV control module, the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable system control module, and the electric deployment and recovery winch control module, solving the problems of isolated and separate control systems. This lays a universal foundation for the multi-tasking mode and payload expansion of the USV platform.

[0043] The shared computing module includes an intelligent computing module, a general computing module (two general computing modules are set up, one virtually corresponding to the unmanned vessel's surface navigation perception computing and the other to the distributed grating array fiber optic perception array computing), and a backup computing module. Based on virtual computing and virtual services, the hardware and software of the above computing modules can be quickly migrated and made available for backup. This enables the sharing and integration of unmanned vessel's task computing related to navigation or obstacle avoidance, swarm formation and other tasks with the computing of the towed distributed fiber optic perception submarine cable system. This increases the versatility, balance and distribution of the computing load, improves the damage resistance and fault resistance capabilities, and is suitable for the accessibility and reliability of long-term maritime unmanned vessel swarm combat missions.

[0044] The shared storage module includes a cloud storage subsystem that jointly constructs a distributed network architecture of edge storage and centralized storage. It stores the overall data of the unmanned vessel platform and the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing data locally, while only the judgment or identification results or suspicious target data are transmitted back to the shore station or uploaded to the cloud through the shared communication module.

[0045] The shared power supply module includes a normal power supply module and an emergency power supply module. It is further broken down into several parts, such as the power supply module for the unmanned surface vessel platform, the electric deployment and recovery winch module, and the power supply module for the towed distributed optical grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable system. The power supply of the unmanned vessel, the power supply of the towed distributed optical grating array sensing system, and the power supply of other detection and sensing equipment, control equipment, winch deployment and recovery equipment are planned and allocated in a unified manner, which includes both normal power supply and emergency power supply.

[0046] The design of the electric deployment and recovery winch follows the design principles of modular design, convenient installation, compact size, simple application, and flexible operation. The most fundamental aspects are miniaturization, standardization, unmanned operation, automation, and economy (versatility). Ultimately, it is fully compatible with towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable systems and unmanned surface vessel platforms.

[0047] The electric deployment and recovery winch consists of a winch structural frame, cable storage drum, cable laying system, cable pressing device, power system, servo motor, transmission device, (photoelectric) slip ring, rotary encoder, electrical control system (winch control box), remote controller, junction box, and operation box (both remote control and manual operation are supported).

[0048] The electric deployment and recovery winch adopts a frame structure and is remotely controlled to achieve unmanned, automated deployment and retrieval of towed distributed grating array (DGA) fiber optic sensing cables. This is primarily achieved by remotely controlling an internal servo motor to rotate the drum, which in turn rotates the drum to retrieve or lower the towed DGA fiber optic sensing cable system to a specified depth in the water. During the process, the cable laying system and cable pressing device on the electric deployment and recovery winch work in conjunction with the drum to lay the cable left and right, ensuring the cable is evenly distributed on the drum. The electric deployment and recovery winch is equipped with sensors such as rotary encoders to calculate and estimate the deployment length of the towed DGA fiber optic sensing cable in real time, thereby controlling the length of the cable lowered.

[0049] Considering the requirements of overall miniaturization, modularity, and economy, the electric deployment and recovery winch features a simplified and integrated design for both the winch device and the unmanned surface vessel (USV). By adapting the electric deployment and recovery winch to the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable, a modular and integrated design was implemented, forming a winch structural frame structure. This significantly reduces the number of required components and interfaces with the USV platform, minimizing modifications and interference to the USV. This simplifies the design, reduces system size, improves reliability by reducing steps, and simultaneously lowers system costs.

[0050] The reel features fully automated control and unmanned remote control, while also allowing for manual control switching during commissioning. Real-time monitoring and feedback of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable are achieved through sensors such as rotary encoders, forming feedback mechanisms with both automatic and remote control programs.

[0051] The cable laying system, cable pressing device, and rollers are specially designed to address the characteristics of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable, which has a small wire diameter and high smoothness. These designs include reducing the roller wire diameter, adapting the cable pressing gap to fit the small wire diameter of the submarine cable, and increasing the friction between the cable laying system, the cable pressing device, and the rollers. This allows for the precise deployment and retrieval of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable.

[0052] The towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing subsystem includes a towed communication cable, a distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable (sensing section), a vibration isolation section, a towed tow body, a towed depth stabilizer, and the main optical path system. The towed communication cable is the core of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing technology for marine unmanned sensing platforms. It demonstrates overall compatibility with surface unmanned platforms and electrically operated deployment and recovery winches, showcasing characteristics such as miniaturization (micro-cable array), unmanned operation (intelligent detection / integrated processing / autonomous decision-making), economy (rapid mass production), high performance, simplification (solid-state), and reliability.

[0053] The towed communication cable mainly consists of a slip ring connector and a communication cable. It is the connection and signal transmission cable between the electric deployment and recovery winch slip ring (towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable system) and the common computing module (trunk optical path system equipment).

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable (detection segment) and the main optical path system of the grating array are the core technologies of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem. It embodies the capability and characteristics of fully adapting to and matching unmanned surface vessels (USVs). The distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable (detection segment) is a fully solid-state, fully distributed detection, physically inscribed grating array, comprising a grating (scattering-enhanced or reflective) array fiber-enhanced core (1 core for detection, 1 core for attitude monitoring), a fiber optic detection cable reinforcing core (innermost layer), a fiber optic detection cable core shaft, a tightly wound fiber-cured coating layer, an outer sheath, and a hydrophobic drag-reducing layer. All components and the entire process utilize automated production processes, ensuring the stability, high performance, high consistency, and reliability of the distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable, while reducing production costs and improving the ability for rapid mass production and delivery, thus achieving comprehensive compatibility with USVs.

[0055] The optical fiber is produced using automated production lines, including automated drawing and etching towers. The fiber is specially customized to combine high strength, bend insensitivity (small bending radius), and high sensitivity, which facilitates the formation of a smaller core and ultimately smaller cable diameter for distributed grating array fiber optic probes, significantly smaller than the diameter of existing fiber optic hydrophones and other towed cables. An automated grating etching production line is used to simultaneously etch reflective or scattering-enhanced gratings onto the fiber during drawing, forming a uniformly or interspersed grating array throughout the cable. The sensitivity of the grating array varies depending on the etching length, creating a physical array unlike traditional distributed fiber optic virtual arrays. This results in a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of orders of magnitude compared to traditional distributed fiber optics.

[0056] The two-core grating (scattering-enhanced or reflection-enhanced) array fiber reinforcement core, after being inscribed, is formed by automatically winding the aforementioned fibers at a fixed or variable pitch according to a specific winding ratio (turns ratio) onto a core shaft optimized for central vibration enhancement, drag tensile strength, and minimum bending radius. The two grating array fibers are simultaneously wound onto this core shaft (which is also specially designed to achieve vibration enhancement, ensure underwater drag tensile strength, and guarantee the tightness, circularity, and uniformity of the core shaft's cladding layer, internal tensile layer, and filler layer). After curing to prevent fiber breakage and fix the pitch, one core is used for underwater sensing and detection, and the other for submarine cable attitude monitoring. Finally, after cladding and sheath extrusion, a distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable (detection section) is formed. Furthermore, sensitivity is related to the density of fiber winding and the size of the array inscribed on the wound fiber. The denser the fiber winding and the larger the array size per unit length of the core shaft, the higher the sensitivity.

[0057] The towed tow body and depth stabilizer work together, combining the deployment length of the winch and the towing speed of the unmanned vessel, to control the attitude of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic cable detection segment and the depth of the fiber optic cable array.

[0058] The vibration isolation section includes a front vibration isolation section and a rear vibration isolation section. In order to reduce the impact of unmanned surface vessel platform noise and array cable vibration on the underwater acoustic measurement of the acoustic array section, the length of the front vibration isolation section is designed to exceed 10m, forming isolation from noise and vibration.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, in the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing technology of the marine unmanned surface vessel (USV) sensing platform, the radiated noise and pulse signals emitted by the underwater target are detected by the distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable lowered into the water by an electric deployment and recovery winch during underwater transmission. The enhanced scattered or reflected signals are transmitted to the optical path system host (and the useful signal is demodulated). The underwater acoustic field (optical) signal preprocessed and restored by the optical path system host is then processed, analyzed, and identified by the shared computing and storage units (modules) in the USV platform. The results are used for acoustic array signal processing, analysis, target identification, and decision-making, forming target location information, equipment operating status, and other alarm information. This information is then uploaded to the shared control unit of the USV platform and transmitted back to the shore or other USV clusters (mother ships) via the shared control and communication modules of the USV, completing the entire detection and sensing process.

[0060] As mentioned above, through the comprehensive selection of raw materials, materials, manufacturing processes, structure, coating, curing, etc., the automated and mass production of cables is carried out to form a new type of micro-fine distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable (detection segment), which meets the requirements of high sensitivity of towed marine unmanned sensing, all-solid tensile strength, full cable distribution detection, good uniformity and consistency, and resistance to winch bending.

[0061] The miniaturization of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem is primarily reflected in the miniaturization of the new distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable (detection segment) (small winches can deploy and retrieve more detection cables) and the miniaturization, integration, and high encapsulation of the grating array optical path system host. The unmanned nature is manifested in unmanned cable deployment and retrieval, unmanned detection, unmanned integrated processing of the optical path system host, unmanned autonomous decision-making via shared computing modules, and unmanned information storage. Economic efficiency is mainly reflected in the economic efficiency of the unmanned surface vessel platform, the economic efficiency of automated mass production of distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cables (reducing significant labor costs), the economic efficiency of maintenance, and the economic efficiency throughout the entire lifespan. High performance (high cost-effectiveness ratio) includes the high performance of the optical path system host. The system boasts high performance in terms of energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, including the high-efficiency distributed remote detection capability and the high-efficiency cost-effectiveness of rapid cluster networking detection. Simplification is primarily reflected in the simplified composition of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem, the simplification of the optical path system host compared to traditional optical processing hosts, the simplification and speed of mass industrial production and processes for the new distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable, the simplification of system maintenance, and the simplification of deployment and retrieval. Reliability includes the reliability and accessibility of the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing task completed by the marine unmanned sensing platform, the reliability, availability, maintainability, and overall marine environmental adaptability of the solid-state form of the new distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable.

[0062] This utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art can implement this utility model using other specific embodiments based on the disclosed content of the embodiments and drawings. Therefore, any design that adopts the design structure and concept of this utility model and makes some simple changes or modifications falls within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A towed, distributed, enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system for unmanned vessels, characterized in that, The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system includes an unmanned surface vessel platform, an electric deployment and recovery winch, and a towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem. The unmanned surface vessel platform is used to carry an electric deployment and recovery winch and a towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem. The electric deployment and recovery winch is used to deploy and retrieve the towed distributed grating array fiber optic sensing submarine cable. The towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable; the distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable includes an enhanced fiber core and a fiber optic detection submarine cable core. The fiber-enhanced core includes two cores: a detection core and an attitude monitoring core. The fiber-enhanced core is tightly wound on the fiber-optic detection submarine cable core shaft according to a preset tight-wound ratio with a fixed pitch or a variable pitch.

2. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-enhanced core is provided with multiple grating arrays; the grating arrays are evenly distributed or spaced apart according to the sensitivity requirements; the higher the sensitivity requirement, the longer the grating array size corresponding to the position.

3. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the distributed grating array fiber optic probe cable, the fiber reinforcement core is wound with a high density at locations with high sensitivity requirements, and with a low density at locations with low sensitivity requirements.

4. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a vibration isolation section submarine cable; the vibration isolation section includes a front vibration isolation section and a rear vibration isolation section. In order to reduce the impact of unmanned surface vessel platform noise and array cable vibration on the underwater acoustic measurement of the acoustic array section, the length of the front vibration isolation section is designed to be more than 10m, forming isolation from noise and vibration.

5. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a towed communication cable, which is used to provide connection and signal transmission for the distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable.

6. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The towed distributed grating array fiber optic detection subsystem includes a towed depth stabilizer, which, in conjunction with the winch's deployment length and the unmanned vessel's towing speed, controls the attitude and depth of the distributed grating array fiber optic detection cable.

7. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed grating array fiber optic detection submarine cable also includes a tightly wound fiber optic curing coating layer; The tightly wound fiber curing coating is a filling layer covering the outside of the fiber reinforcement core and the fiber optic probe cable core, used to ensure that the distributed grating array fiber optic probe cable structure is compact and uniformly circular.

8. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unmanned surface vessel platform also includes the hull of the unmanned surface vessel; The unmanned surface vessel adopts a multi-hull layout to reduce noise at high speeds and improve navigation stability.

9. The unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unmanned surface vessel platform also includes a shared communication module for unmanned vessels; the shared communication module for unmanned vessels includes a multi-mode communication antenna module, a multi-mode communication base station module, and a cluster networking communication module. The multimode communication antenna module and the multimode communication base station module are used to enable the unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing system to conduct long-, medium- and short-range multimode communication with the shore command center or main station. The cluster networking communication module is used to realize self-organizing network communication between clusters of unmanned vessel towed distributed enhanced grating array fiber optic submarine cable sensing systems.

Images