Ecological restoration structure for treating open stope step slope

Abstract

The ecological restoration structure is characterized in that a plurality of rows of grouting holes are downwards drilled in the step slope from the top, anchor rods are arranged on the inner sides of the grouting holes, and mortar filling layers are arranged between the anchor rods and the grouting holes; the grouting holes in each row are connected and fixed through transverse supporting ropes, and the vertical corresponding grouting holes in each row are connected and fixed through longitudinal supporting ropes; a plurality of square-shaped areas are formed between the transverse supporting ropes and the longitudinal supporting ropes. Galvanized steel wire grids are connected with the adjacent transverse supporting ropes, the adjacent longitudinal supporting ropes and the adjacent anchor rods in each square-shaped area through sewing steel ropes. A galvanized steel wire rope net is arranged above each galvanized steel wire grid from the top to the bottom of the step slope, and the galvanized steel wire rope nets are fixedly connected with the anchor rods, the transverse supporting ropes and the longitudinal supporting ropes. A net hanging spray-seeding layer is further arranged on the outer side of the step slope. By means of the structure, the problems that in the background technology, loose objects on the step slope of the open stope are loose in structure and poor in stability, and bedrock layers are prone to being affected by weathering and karst can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of open-pit mine bench slope treatment technology, specifically relating to an ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit bench slopes are a major safety hazard in open-pit mines. The stability of these slopes is a crucial prerequisite for normal mine production, and open-pit mine bench landslide control is an indispensable part of mining engineering. To ensure the stability of open-pit bench slopes, over 90% of the surface area is covered by loose deposits, including loose sediments, colluvial deposits, artificial deposits, red and yellow soil layers, or waste rock and tailings from early mining. This results in loosely structured, unstable loose sediments, and problems such as weathering and karstification of the bedrock. Locally, weak interlayers and fractures pose significant safety hazards to surface buildings, on-site production equipment, materials, and personnel. Due to the drastic impact of mining activities, the topsoil in open-pit mines is stripped away, the surface morphology is altered, the original surface loses its characteristics, and many extreme physical and chemical properties that are harmful to the environment remain. Due to the steep slope of the open-pit mine, with each step being 12-15m high, the topsoil layer was destroyed during blasting, leaving only rock on the slope. The soil is severely lacking in water, infertile, with extremely low organic matter content, unbalanced nutrients, and many substances that restrict plant growth. It is prone to geological disasters such as landslides, collapses, and debris flows, and there are also serious natural phenomena such as soil erosion. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides an ecological restoration structure for open-pit mine bench slopes, which can solve the problems in the background art such as loose material structure, poor stability, and susceptibility of bedrock layers to weathering and karstification. The technical solution to this problem is as follows:

[0004] The utility model provides an ecological restoration structure for governing the stepped slope of an open-pit stope, including a stepped slope. Multiple rows of grouting holes are drilled downward from the top of the stepped slope. An anchor rod is arranged inside each grouting hole, and a mortar filling layer is arranged between the anchor rod and the grouting hole; each row of the grouting holes is fixedly connected by a transverse support rope, and the grouting holes corresponding vertically in each row are fixedly connected by a longitudinal support rope; a plurality of "mouth" - shaped areas are formed between each transverse support rope and each longitudinal support rope. Inside each "mouth" - shaped area, a galvanized steel wire grille is arranged and connected to its adjacent transverse support rope, longitudinal support rope, and anchor rod by a stitching steel wire; above each galvanized steel wire grille, a galvanized steel wire rope net is arranged downward from the top of the stepped slope. The galvanized steel wire rope net is fixedly connected to the anchor rod, transverse support rope, and longitudinal support rope; a shotcrete layer with mesh is sprayed on the outside of the stepped slope, and the galvanized steel wire grille and the galvanized steel wire rope net are located inside the shotcrete layer with mesh.

[0005] Further, the anchor rod includes a row of coping anchor rods arranged at the top of the stepped slope and multiple rows of reinforcement anchor rods and ordinary anchor rods on the slope body. The reinforcement anchor rods and the ordinary anchor rods are arranged at intervals. An anchor rod support steel wire is arranged on each reinforcement anchor rod, and the other end of the anchor rod support steel wire is connected to a steel wire anchor rod, and the steel wire anchor rod is inserted into the stepped slope.

[0006] Further, a steel wire anchor rod exposed loop is arranged at the top of the steel wire anchor rod, and the steel wire anchor rod exposed loop is connected to the anchor rod support steel wire.

[0007] Further, the plane formed by the transverse support rope and the longitudinal support rope forms an angle of 80 - 90° with the anchor rod.

[0008] Further, the mortar filling layer is formed by pouring M30 cement mortar.

[0009] Further, the specification of the "mouth" - shaped area is 1.0 * 1.0 m.

[0010] Further, the thickness of the shotcrete layer with mesh is 8 - 12 cm, including a shotcrete soil layer with mesh and a shotcrete soil - holding layer sprayed upward from the bottom.

[0011] Further, the galvanized steel wire rope net at the top position of the stepped slope extends 50 - 80 cm out of the slope top and is buried in the soil layer of the slope top; the lap joint of two adjacent galvanized steel wire rope nets is not less than 15 cm and is connected by a stitching steel wire.

[0012] Further, the specification of the galvanized steel wire rope net is 6.6 cm * 6.5 cm, φ = 0.2 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, a sensor is installed on the anchor rod inside the grouting hole. The sensor is connected to a control board, which is equipped with an alarm device and a signal transmitter.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the ecological restoration structure for open-pit mine bench slopes described in this utility model has a novel structural design. By implementing this ecological restoration structure, it can effectively prevent the loose material on the slope from becoming loose, and play a stabilizing role in problems such as weathering and karstification of the bedrock layer. It eliminates the safety hazards to ground buildings, on-site production equipment, materials, and personnel caused by local weak interlayers and fractures, effectively protects bench landslides, strengthens the identification and control of bench landslides, improves the safety efficiency of the mining area, and prevents bench landslide accidents from occurring. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a side view of the ecological restoration structure for treating the terrace slope of an open-pit mine, according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This utility model provides a schematic diagram of the layout and connection of anchor bolts, transverse support ropes, longitudinal support ropes, galvanized steel wire mesh, and galvanized steel wire rope net.

[0017] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the anchor bolt in this utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the steel rope anchor bolt in this utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 This utility model includes a control diagram of the sensor, control board, signal transmitter, alarm device, and control center.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Stepped slope; 2. Anchor bolt; 21. Coping anchor bolt; 22. Reinforced anchor bolt; 23. Ordinary anchor bolt; 3. Grouting hole; 4. Mortar filling layer; 5. Horizontal support rope; 6. Longitudinal support rope; 7. Galvanized steel wire mesh; 8. Galvanized steel wire rope net; 9. Stitched steel rope; 10. Netting and spraying layer; 11. Steel rope anchor bolt; 12. Exposed ring of steel rope anchor bolt; 13. Anchor bolt support steel rope; 14. Sensor; 15. Signal transmitter; 16. Alarm device; 17. Control center; 18. Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" used in the present patent application specification and claims are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly. Any aspects not detailed in the present utility model are well-known technologies to those skilled in the art.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] like Figure 1-4As shown, this application discloses an ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes, comprising a bench slope 1. Multiple rows of grouting holes 3 are drilled downwards from the top of the bench slope 1. An anchor rod 2, welded from threaded steel bars, is installed inside each grouting hole 3. The end of the anchor rod 2 preferably protrudes 15-20cm from the slope surface. A mortar filling layer 4 is provided between the anchor rod 2 and the grouting hole 3, preferably formed by injecting M30 cement mortar. The anchor rod 2 includes a row of capping anchor rods 21 installed at the top of the bench slope 1. The slope is equipped with multiple rows of reinforcing anchors 22 and ordinary anchors 23, which are spaced apart. Each reinforcing anchor 22 is equipped with an anchor support steel rope 13, and the other end of the anchor support steel rope 13 is connected to a steel rope anchor 11. The steel rope anchor 11 is inserted into the step slope 1. To facilitate the connection between the steel rope anchor 11 and the anchor support steel rope 13, the top of the steel rope anchor 11 is equipped with a steel rope anchor exposed ring 12, which is connected to the anchor support steel rope 13. Each row of grouting holes 3 is connected and fixed by transverse support ropes 5, and each row of vertically corresponding grouting holes 3 is connected and fixed by longitudinal support ropes 6. The plane formed by the transverse support ropes 5 and the longitudinal support ropes 6 forms an angle of 80-90° with the anchor rod 2, so as to improve the survival rate of slope vegetation and prevent slope collapse. Multiple "U"-shaped areas are formed between each transverse support rope 5 and each longitudinal support rope 6. The preferred size of the "U"-shaped area is 1.0*1.0m. Galvanized steel wire mesh 7 is installed in each "U"-shaped area, which is connected to its adjacent transverse support rope 5, longitudinal support rope 6 and anchor rod 2 by stitching steel rope 9. Galvanized steel wire rope mesh 8 is installed above each galvanized steel wire mesh 7 from the top down of the stepped slope 1. The anchor rod 2, the transverse support rope 5, and the longitudinal support rope 6 are connected and fixed by rope clips, sewing ropes, etc.; the galvanized steel wire rope mesh 8 at the top of the stepped slope 1 extends 50-80cm out of the top of the slope and is buried in the soil layer at the top of the slope. The overlap of two adjacent galvanized steel wire rope meshes 8 is not less than 15cm. The overlap of the lower galvanized steel wire rope mesh 8 is set at the bottom layer and connected by sewing steel ropes 9; the specifications of the galvanized steel wire rope mesh 8 are 6.6cm*6.5cm, φ=0.2cm; a hanging net spraying layer 10 is sprayed on the outside of the stepped slope 1, and the galvanized steel wire grid 7 and the galvanized steel wire rope mesh 8 are located inside the hanging net spraying layer 10; the thickness of the hanging net spraying layer 10 is 8-12cm, including the hanging net topsoil layer and the hanging net housing soil layer formed by spraying from bottom to top.

[0024] Before implementation, debris, water accumulation, and other safety hazards within the frame of the stepped slope 1 were cleared. Then, grouting holes 3 were drilled on the rock slope surface of stepped slope 1, and anchor bolts 2 were placed inside the grouting holes 3. A capping anchor bolt 21 was placed at the top, and reinforcement anchor bolts 22 and ordinary anchor bolts 23 were installed at intervals along the slope. The reinforcement anchor bolts 22 were further reinforced by steel rope anchor bolts 11 and anchor bolt support steel ropes 13, each anchor bolt serving to secure the rock surface. Next, the anchor bolts 2 were connected by transverse support ropes 5 and longitudinal support ropes 6, forming "U"-shaped areas. Galvanized steel wire mesh 7 was installed within each "U"-shaped area. Each galvanized steel wire mesh 7 was connected to adjacent transverse support ropes 5, longitudinal support ropes 6, and anchor bolts 2 by stitching steel ropes 9. Finally, a galvanized steel wire rope net 8 was installed and fixed to the anchor bolts, transverse and longitudinal support ropes, etc., using rope clips and stitching steel ropes. Finally, the topsoil layer and the substrate layer of the netted topsoil layer, which together form the netted topsoil layer 10, are sprayed one after another. The topsoil layer is sprayed with seeds, organic fertilizer, etc., while the substrate layer is formed by spraying organic substrate composed of peat, organic fertilizer, planting soil, water-retaining agent, binder, pH buffer, etc., and water evenly mixed and sprayed using a spray mixing machine. On the sprayed slope, a thickness indicator stake can be set every 100 square meters with steel bars.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] like Figure 1-5 As shown in Example 1, this utility model provides an ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes. It can also include an alarm system to prevent slope collapse. A sensor 14 is installed on the anchor rod 2 inside the grouting hole 3. The sensor 14 is connected to a control board 18, which is equipped with an alarm device 16 and a signal transmitter 15. The signal transmitter 15 is communicatively connected to a control center 17. When the sensor 14 receives a landslide signal, the signal is collected by the control board 18 and transmitted to the control center 17 via the signal transmitter 15. Simultaneously, an alarm message is sent to the outside world via the alarm device 16, which is typically configured as an alarm light.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine terrace slopes, comprising terrace slopes (1), characterized in that, The stepped slope (1) is drilled with multiple rows of grouting holes (3) from top to bottom. Inside each grouting hole (3), there is a bolt (2), and a mortar filling layer (4) is arranged between the bolt (2) and the grouting hole (3); between each row of the grouting holes (3), they are connected and fixed by a horizontal support rope (5), and between the grouting holes (3) corresponding vertically in each row, they are connected and fixed by a vertical support rope (6); between each of the horizontal support ropes (5) and each of the vertical support ropes (6), multiple "mouth"-shaped areas are formed. Inside each "mouth"-shaped area, a galvanized steel wire grid (7) is connected and arranged with its adjacent horizontal support rope (5), vertical support rope (6), and bolt (2) through a stitching steel wire (9); above each of the galvanized steel wire grids (7), a galvanized steel wire rope net (8) is arranged from top to bottom along the stepped slope (1). The galvanized steel wire rope net (8) is connected and fixed to the bolt (2), horizontal support rope (5), and vertical support rope (6); on the outside of the stepped slope (1), a shotcrete layer with mesh (10) is sprayed, and the galvanized steel wire grid (7) and the galvanized steel wire rope net (8) are located inside the shotcrete layer with mesh (10).

2. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bolt (2) includes a row of coping bolts (21) arranged at the top of the stepped slope (1) and multiple rows of reinforcement bolts (22) and ordinary bolts (23) on the slope body. The reinforcement bolts (22) and ordinary bolts (23) are arranged at intervals. On each of the reinforcement bolts (22), there is a bolt support steel wire (13), and the other end of the bolt support steel wire (13) is connected to a steel wire bolt (11), and the steel wire bolt (11) is inserted into the stepped slope (1).

3. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine terrace slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, At the top of the steel wire bolt (11), there is a steel wire bolt exposed loop (12), and the steel wire bolt exposed loop (12) is connected to the bolt support steel wire (13).

4. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plane formed by the horizontal support rope (5) and the vertical support rope (6) forms an angle of 80 - 90° with the bolt (2).

5. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mortar filling layer (4) is made by pouring M30 cement mortar.

6. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine terrace slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specification of the "mouth"-shaped area is 1.0 * 1.0 m.

7. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the shotcrete layer with mesh (10) is 8 - 12 cm, and it includes a mesh-covered soil layer and a mesh-covered soil storage layer sprayed from bottom to top.

8. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine terrace slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the top position of the stepped slope (1), the galvanized steel wire rope net (8) extends 50 - 80 cm out of the slope top and is buried in the soil layer of the slope top; the overlap between two adjacent galvanized steel wire rope nets (8) is not less than 15 cm and is connected by a stitching steel wire (9).

9. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine terrace slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specification of the galvanized steel wire rope net (8) is 6.6 cm * 6.5 cm, φ = 0.2 cm.

10. The ecological restoration structure for treating open-pit mine bench slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the bolt (2) inside the grouting hole (3), there is a sensor (14), the sensor (

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