Thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic module

Abstract

The thermal decomposition equipment is characterized in that an outer shell and a feeding assembly are respectively arranged on a rack, the feeding assembly is matched with the outer shell, a working furnace body penetrates through the outer shell, a first rotary supporting assembly is sleeved at one end of the working furnace body and is fixed with the working furnace body, and a second rotary supporting assembly is arranged at the other end of the working furnace body; the second rotary supporting assembly is arranged at the other end of the working furnace body in a sleeving mode and fixed to the working furnace body, the working furnace body is arranged in the mode that one end is high and the other end is low, the first rotary supporting assembly is connected with the outer shell, the second rotary supporting assembly is connected with the rack, and the output end of the feeding assembly extends into and is suspended in the working furnace body. The heating assembly surrounds the periphery of the working furnace body, the heating assembly is fixed to the outer shell, the rotary driving assembly is matched with the working furnace body, and after the heat preservation cover is connected with the outer shell, the heat preservation cover shields one part of the axial end of the working furnace body. According to the utility model, the leakage of the photovoltaic module in the thermal decomposition process can be avoided, and the heat loss in the furnace can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of renewable resource recycling, specifically to a thermal decomposition device for single-glass photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] The lifespan of photovoltaic (PV) modules is generally 25-30 years. However, product upgrades and replacements often shorten the actual lifespan of PV modules significantly from their designed lifespan. A large number of PV modules become obsolete due to performance failure or product upgrades. Simply crushing, burying, or incinerating these obsolete modules not only pollutes the environment but also wastes resources. Therefore, recycling PV module materials after their lifespan can alleviate the shortage of raw materials for PV devices to some extent and prevent environmental pollution.

[0003] Existing methods generally involve the decomposition and recycling of photovoltaic modules through high-temperature incineration and chemical treatment. High-temperature incineration softens and decomposes the EVA adhesive layer in photovoltaic modules under heating conditions, leaving recyclable materials such as glass, solder ribbons, and silicon wafers. These recyclable materials can be processed into different products through different processes. Therefore, recycling photovoltaic modules can yield a large amount of usable resources.

[0004] Currently, the high-temperature incineration of photovoltaic modules after frame removal is carried out in a pyrolysis device. A chain conveyor or mesh conveyor is used to pass through the pyrolysis device. The framed photovoltaic modules are placed on the chain conveyor or mesh conveyor. When the pyrolysis device is working, high temperatures are generated inside the furnace. As the photovoltaic modules move through the pyrolysis device with the chain conveyor or mesh conveyor, they are heated and decomposed into glass fragments of different sizes, solder ribbons, and silicon wafers. However, because the chain conveyor or mesh conveyor has several holes, any of the glass fragments, solder ribbons, or silicon wafers can easily fall into the mesh of the conveyor. This leads to a decrease in the recycling rate and damage to the equipment. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a thermal decomposition device for single-glass photovoltaic modules. This invention can prevent leakage of photovoltaic modules during the thermal decomposition process and reduce heat loss inside the furnace.

[0006] The technical solutions to the above technical problems are as follows:

[0007] A thermal decomposition device for single-glass photovoltaic modules includes a frame, an outer casing, and a feeding assembly. The outer casing and the feeding assembly are respectively mounted on the frame, and the feeding assembly cooperates with the outer casing. The device also includes a working furnace body, a first rotating support assembly, a second rotating support assembly, a heating assembly, a rotating drive assembly, and a heat insulation cover. The working furnace body passes through the outer casing. The first rotating support assembly is fitted onto one end of the working furnace body and fixed thereto. The second rotating support assembly is fitted onto the other end of the working furnace body and fixed thereto. The working furnace body is arranged with one end higher than the other. The first rotating support assembly is connected to the outer casing, and the second rotating support assembly is connected to the frame. The output end of the feeding assembly extends into and is suspended within the working furnace body. The heating assembly surrounds the working furnace body and is fixed to the outer casing. The rotating drive assembly cooperates with the working furnace body. After the heat insulation cover is connected to the outer casing, it shields a portion of the axial end of the working furnace body, while the other portion of the axial end of the working furnace body serves as the output port.

[0008] The advantages of this utility model are as follows:

[0009] 1. In this utility model, no through holes are provided on the circumferential surface of the working furnace body. When the photovoltaic module is pyrolyzed in the working furnace body, leakage of the remaining glass particles after pyrolysis can be avoided before they are discharged through the outlet.

[0010] 2. In this utility model, the heat insulation cover forms a shield around a part of the working furnace body, which can reduce the loss of heat inside the furnace to a certain extent, thereby reducing energy consumption; it can also prevent the material from being discharged too quickly, avoid the accumulation of material in the receiving trough below the outlet material, and allow the output material to be cooled in time to avoid unnecessary sticking. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a thermal decomposition device for single-glass photovoltaic modules in the first direction.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a thermal decomposition device for single-glass photovoltaic modules in the second direction.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a thermal decomposition device used for single-glass photovoltaic modules.

[0014] Figure 4 Left view of a thermal decomposition device used for single-glass photovoltaic modules.

[0015] Labels in the attached diagram:

[0016] Feeding assembly A, exhaust port A1, first rotary support assembly B, second rotary support assembly C, heating assembly D, rotary drive assembly E.

[0017] Frame 1, outer shell 2, working furnace body 3, output port 3a, heat preservation cover 4, support 5, cover 6, first clearance port 6a, second clearance port 6b, feed hopper 7, chute 8, fixed plate 9, pulley 10, support 11, heating tube 12, spacer 13, motor 14, drive sprocket 15, driven sprocket 16, chain 17, first temperature sensor 18, second temperature sensor 19. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules of this utility model includes a frame 1, an outer shell 2, a feeding component A, a working furnace body 3, a first rotating support component B, a second rotating support component C, a heating component D, a rotating drive component E, and a heat insulation cover 4. Each part and the relationship between them are described below.

[0024] The outer shell 2 and the feeding assembly A are respectively mounted on the frame 1. The feeding assembly A mates with the outer shell 2. The outer shell 2 has a trapezoidal cross-section and through holes at both ends for the working furnace body 3 to pass through. The working furnace body 3 is a hollow cylinder with openings at both ends. No through holes are provided on the circumference of the working furnace body 3.

[0025] The feeding assembly A is equipped with a flue gas outlet A1. A vacuum pump is installed at the flue gas outlet A1 to remove the flue gas generated during pyrolysis. In this invention, the flue gas outlet A1 is located above the input end of the working furnace body 3, and is far from the output port 3a of the working furnace body 3. When the vacuum pump is working, the flue gas in the working furnace body 3 flows towards the flue gas outlet A1, thereby using the flue gas to heat the photovoltaic modules located in the working furnace body 3, achieving the purpose of energy saving.

[0026] The feeding assembly A includes a support 5, a cover 6, a feeding hopper 7, and a chute 8. The support 5 is fixed to the frame 1, and the cover 6 is fixed to the outer shell 2. The cover 6 has a first clearance opening 6a. The feeding hopper 7 is fixed to the support 5. One end of the chute 8 engages with the feeding hopper 7, and the other end of the chute 8 passes through the first clearance opening 6a on the cover 6 and extends into the working furnace body 3. The output end of the feeding assembly A extends into and is suspended within the working furnace body 3. In this embodiment, the chute 8 extends into and is suspended within the working furnace body 3.

[0027] The feed hopper 7 is conical, and one end of the chute 8 is located below the feed hopper 7. The chute 8 is arranged at an angle and is fixed to the support 5 and the cover 6, so that the support 5 and the cover 6 respectively support the chute 8. After the photovoltaic modules with their frames are disassembled, they fall into the chute 8 through the feed hopper 7 and then slide into the working furnace body 3 through the chute 8.

[0028] The working furnace body 3 passes through the outer shell 2, that is, the working furnace body 3 protrudes from the through hole on the outer shell 2. Both ends of the working furnace body 3 are exposed outside the outer shell 2, and the working furnace body 3 and the through hole on the outer shell 2 are clearance-fitted. Under the action of external force, the working furnace body 3 can rotate relative to the outer shell 2.

[0029] The first rotary support assembly B is fitted onto one end of the working furnace body 3 and fixed to it. The second rotary support assembly C is fitted onto the other end of the working furnace body 3 and fixed to it. The first rotary support assembly B is located between the outer shell 2 and the cover 6, and the second rotary support assembly C is located between the outer shell 2 and the insulation cover 4. The working furnace body 3 is arranged with one end higher than the other to facilitate the movement of the photovoltaic module towards the output port 3a during the decomposition process. The first rotary support assembly B is connected to the outer shell 2, and the second rotary support assembly C is connected to the frame 1.

[0030] Both the first rotary support assembly B and the second rotary support assembly C include a fixed plate 9, a pulley 10, and a support 11. The fixed plate 9 is fitted onto the working furnace body 3 and fixed thereto. The pulley 10 has an annular groove on its circumference, and the fixed plate 9 is in clearance fit with the annular groove on the pulley 10. The pulley 10 is rotatably mounted on the support 11. The support 11 in the first rotary support assembly B is fixed to the outer shell 2, and the support 11 in the second rotary support assembly C is fixed to the frame 1. By providing support to the working furnace body 3 through the first rotary support assembly B and the second rotary support assembly C, the position of the working furnace body 3 can be maintained.

[0031] The heating component D surrounds the working furnace body 3 and is fixed to the outer shell 2. In this utility model, the heating component D includes a heating tube 12 and a spacer 13. The heating tube 12 surrounds the working furnace body 3 and is located inside the spacer 13. The heating tube 12 and the spacer 13 are fixed. The spacer 13 is fitted onto the working furnace body 3 and has a clearance fit with the working furnace body 3. The spacer 13 is fixed to the outer shell 2.

[0032] The rotary drive assembly E cooperates with the working furnace body 3. The rotary drive assembly E includes a motor 14, a drive sprocket 15, a driven sprocket 16, and a chain 17. The motor 14 is fixed on the frame 1. The cover 6 is provided with a second clearance opening 6b. The motor 14 passes through the second clearance opening 6b and enters the cover 6. The output end of the motor 14 is fixed with the drive sprocket 15. The driven sprocket 16 is sleeved on the working furnace body 3 and fixed to the working furnace body 3. The chain 17 cooperates with the drive sprocket 15 and the driven sprocket 16 respectively. The driven sprocket 16 is located upstream of the first rotary support assembly B.

[0033] After the heat insulation cover 4 is connected to the outer shell 2, the heat insulation cover 4 forms a shield on a part of the axial end of the working furnace body 3, and the other part of the axial end of the working furnace body 3 serves as the output port 3a. That is, the part of the axial end of the working furnace body 3 that is not shielded by the heat insulation cover 4 serves as the output port 3a of the pyrolyzed material.

[0034] This utility model also includes a first temperature sensor 18 that cooperates with one end of the working furnace body 3 and a second temperature sensor 19 that cooperates with the other end of the working furnace body 3. The first temperature sensor 18 is installed on the feeding assembly A and the second temperature sensor 19 is installed on the heat insulation cover 4.

[0035] Photovoltaic modules are classified into single-glass photovoltaic modules and double-glass photovoltaic modules according to the number of glass layers. Single-glass photovoltaic modules, due to their single-sided glass structure, are typically disassembled directly using physical methods (such as impact or water cutting as disclosed in CN110783428A). These glass fragments are of varying sizes, and EVA adhesive is adhered to their surfaces. Therefore, this invention is applicable to the thermal decomposition of single-glass photovoltaic modules. The working process of this invention is as follows:

[0036] After the photovoltaic module frame is disassembled, the frameless photovoltaic module is disassembled using a non-material disassembly method to obtain broken glass with an EVA adhesive layer. The broken glass falls into the chute 8 through the feed hopper 7 and then slides into the working furnace body 3. The motor 14 drives the drive sprocket 15 to rotate, and the drive sprocket 15 transmits power to the chain 17 and the driven sprocket 16 in sequence, thereby rotating the working furnace body 3. The working furnace body 3 is held in place by the first rotating support component B and the second rotating support component C at both ends. The heating tube 12 generates heat and radiates it to the working furnace body 3, raising its temperature. The photovoltaic module is heated in the working furnace body 3. The temperature at both ends of the working furnace body 3 is detected by the first temperature sensor 18 and the second temperature sensor 19. The temperature at both ends of the working furnace body 3 is cross-detected. When the temperature of the working furnace body 3 rises to the set temperature, heating stops. When the temperature drops below the set temperature value, heating is restarted through the heating tube 12. As the working furnace body 3 rotates, the photovoltaic modules move and decompose within it, softening and breaking down the EVA adhesive layer on the broken glass. The remaining glass is recyclable, and this recyclable material is ultimately output through the outlet 3a. The fumes generated during pyrolysis are discharged through the exhaust port A1. In addition, the heat insulation cover 4 partially shields the working furnace body 3, which reduces heat loss within the furnace to some extent, thereby reducing energy consumption. It also prevents excessively rapid discharge and avoids material accumulation in the receiving trough (not shown in the figure) below the outlet 3a, ensuring that the material output from the outlet 3a is cooled in time and preventing unnecessary adhesion.

Claims

1. A thermal decomposition device for single-glass photovoltaic modules, comprising a frame (1), a housing (2), and a feeding assembly (A), wherein the housing (2) and the feeding assembly (A) are respectively mounted on the frame (1), and the feeding assembly (A) cooperates with the housing (2), characterized in that, It also includes a working furnace body (3), a first rotating support assembly (B), a second rotating support assembly (C), a heating assembly (D), a rotating drive assembly (E), and a heat insulation cover (4). The working furnace body (3) passes through the outer shell (2). The first rotating support assembly (B) is fitted onto one end of the working furnace body (3) and fixed to the working furnace body (3). The second rotating support assembly (C) is fitted onto the other end of the working furnace body (3) and fixed to the working furnace body (3). The working furnace body (3) is arranged with one end higher than the other end. The first rotating support assembly (B) and the outer shell (2) are connected. 2) Connection: The second rotating support assembly (C) is connected to the frame (1). The output end of the feeding assembly (A) extends into and is suspended inside the working furnace body (3). The heating assembly (D) surrounds the working furnace body (3). The heating assembly (D) is fixed to the outer shell (2). The rotating drive assembly (E) cooperates with the working furnace body (3). After the heat insulation cover (4) is connected to the outer shell (2), the heat insulation cover (4) forms a shield on a part of the axial end of the working furnace body (3). The other part of the axial end of the working furnace body (3) serves as the output port (3a).

2. The thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding assembly (A) is provided with a smoke exhaust port (A1).

3. The thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The feeding assembly (A) includes a support (5), a cover (6), a feeding hopper (7), and a chute (8). The support (5) is fixed to the frame (1), the cover (6) is fixed to the outer shell (2), the cover (6) is provided with a first clearance opening (6a), the feeding hopper (7) is fixed to the support (5), one end of the chute (8) is engaged with the feeding hopper (7), and the other end of the chute (8) passes through the first clearance opening (6a) on the cover (6) and extends into the working furnace body (3).

4. The thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first rotating support assembly (B) and the second rotating support assembly (C) both include a fixed plate (9), a pulley (10), and a support (11). The fixed plate (9) is fitted onto the working furnace body (3) and fixed thereto. The pulley (10) has an annular groove on its circumference. The fixed plate (9) is in clearance fit with the annular groove on the pulley (10). The pulley (10) is rotatably mounted on the support (11).

5. The thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating assembly (D) includes a heating tube (12) and a spacer (13). The heating tube (12) surrounds the working furnace body (3) and is located inside the spacer (13). The spacer (13) is fitted on the working furnace body (3) and is in clearance fit with the working furnace body (3). The spacer (13) is fixed to the outer shell (2).

6. The thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive assembly (E) includes a motor (14), a drive sprocket (15), a driven sprocket (16), and a chain (17). The output end of the motor (14) is fixed to the drive sprocket (15), the driven sprocket (16) is fitted onto the working furnace body (3) and fixed to the working furnace body (3), and the chain (17) is engaged with the drive sprocket (15) and the driven sprocket (16) respectively.

7. The thermal decomposition equipment for single-glass photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first temperature sensor (18) that cooperates with one end of the working furnace body (3) and a second temperature sensor (19) that cooperates with the other end of the working furnace body (3). The first temperature sensor (18) is installed on the feeding assembly (A) and the second temperature sensor (19) is installed on the heat insulation cover (4).

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