Small aerobic composting reactor for laboratory
By introducing convenient stirring components and intelligent control systems into a small-scale aerobic composting reactor in the laboratory, the problems of stirring affecting heat preservation and odor emission have been solved, enabling rapid, safe, and low-cost composting operations and improving resource utilization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423067693.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing aerobic composting reactors affect heat preservation and emit odors during stirring. Furthermore, existing stirring mechanisms are complex in structure, costly, or have poor sealing, making it difficult to meet the requirements of small-scale aerobic composting for laboratory use.
A small-scale aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use was designed, comprising a convenient stirring assembly, a manual turntable, quick connectors, a gas collection assembly, and a monitoring and control system. It employs manual stirring combined with an intelligent control system to achieve rapid and precise stirring and sealing insulation, thereby reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs.
It enables quick and convenient mixing operations, maintains the insulation and sealing of the compost bin, reduces odor leakage, improves operational safety and resource utilization, and reduces costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223576370U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a small-scale aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use, which belongs to the field of resource utilization of organic solid waste. Background Technology
[0002] Aerobic composting refers to the process by which organic solid waste, under sufficient oxygen conditions and through the biochemical action of microorganisms, degrades, generates high temperatures, and gradually forms stable humus. High-temperature composting can kill pathogens to the greatest extent possible. At the same time, it degrades organic matter rapidly, requires fewer composting days, and produces less odor. It is an important way to achieve the harmless, reduced-volume, and resource-based utilization of livestock and poultry manure.
[0003] To ensure sufficient contact between organic solid waste and oxygen, the compost pile needs to be stirred regularly. Currently, traditional composting reactors typically lack a fixed stirring mechanism, only equipped with a separate agitator. Stirring requires opening the reactor's lid and inserting the agitator into the pile. This increases the heat exchange area, affecting the pile's insulation; furthermore, the pile emits a strong odor, impacting the operator's experience and leading them to choose not to stir or stir infrequently. However, without regular stirring, localized anaerobic conditions can occur, hindering the aerobic composting process. While some existing aerobic composting reactors have stirring mechanisms, they often use electric motors as power sources, resulting in complex structures and high costs. Some motors are mounted directly above the reactor, making each lid opening operation cumbersome, and their weight poses a safety hazard. Others are installed at the bottom, leading to poor sealing, difficulty in cleaning, and inconvenient maintenance, failing to meet the requirements for convenient, safe, and efficient small-scale aerobic composting in laboratories.
[0004] Therefore, it is indeed necessary to improve existing technologies to address their shortcomings. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a small-scale aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use to address the problems existing in the prior art.
[0006] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: a small aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use, including a composting bin, a ventilation assembly, a monitoring and control system, a composting parameter detection assembly, a convenient stirring assembly, a manual turntable, a quick connector, a gas collection assembly, a filter screen, and a filter fertilizer collection assembly. The composting bin is equipped with a filter screen inside. A convenient stirring assembly is installed at the center of the upper surface of the filter screen. The convenient stirring assembly includes a fixed spindle, a stirring main shaft, and stirring blades. One end of the fixed spindle is fixedly connected to the center of the filter screen, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the stirring main shaft. Several stirring blades are fixedly installed vertically on the stirring main shaft, and the upper end of the stirring main shaft is lower than... The top of the compost bin has a pre-drilled quick-connect fitting hole. The lower end of the quick-connect fitting connects to the upper end of the mixing shaft, and the upper end connects to a manual turntable. The bottom of the compost bin is connected to a fertilizer collection assembly and a ventilation assembly. The top of the compost bin is connected to a gas collection assembly and a compost pile parameter detection assembly. The ventilation assembly, gas collection assembly, and compost pile parameter detection assembly are all electrically connected to a monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system is equipped with an intelligent control program to collect and store data monitored by the gas collection assembly and compost pile parameter detection assembly, and to analyze and make decisions based on the collected data to achieve real-time control of the ventilation assembly.
[0007] Furthermore, the mating connections between the fixed spindle and the stirring spindle, the mating connections between the stirring spindle and the quick connector, and the mating connections between the quick connector and the manual turntable all adopt regular hexagonal mating surfaces.
[0008] Furthermore, the reactor body parameter detection component includes an oxygen concentration sensor and a temperature sensor. The detection ends of both the oxygen concentration sensor and the temperature sensor are vertically installed inside the reactor body. The rotation radius of the reactor body parameter detection component is larger than the rotation radius of the stirring blade.
[0009] Furthermore, the quick-connector connection hole reserved on the top of the compost bin is equipped with a corresponding heat-insulating and sealing cover.
[0010] Furthermore, the gas collection assembly includes a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a first rubber hose, a second rubber hose, a gas collection box, a gas online monitoring sensor, and an odor adsorption purifier. The gas collection box is connected to the top of the compost bin via the first rubber hose, which is equipped with the first solenoid valve. The gas collection box is connected to the gas online monitoring sensor. The gas collection box is connected to the odor adsorption purifier via the second rubber hose, which is equipped with the second solenoid valve.
[0011] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0012] (1) The laboratory small aerobic composting reactor of this utility model can be stirred by simply opening the heat-insulating sealing cover and connecting the quick connector with the convenient stirring component and the manual turntable in sequence when the compost needs to be stirred. On the one hand, since the upper end of the convenient stirring component is slightly lower than the top of the composting bucket, the field of vision is narrow. The quick connector is small and lightweight, so it can be quickly and accurately positioned when connected and installed. On the other hand, the manual turntable adopts a strong arm, which can achieve labor-saving stirring and has a simple structure with low manufacturing and maintenance costs.
[0013] (2) The laboratory small aerobic composting reactor of this utility model is equipped with a heat-insulating and sealing cover at the position of the quick connector connection hole reserved on the top of the composting bucket. When the composting body does not need to be stirred, the composting bucket can be kept warm and sealed to prevent odor leakage. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model.
[0015] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention during normal natural composting.
[0016] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the convenient stirring component of this utility model during assembly.
[0017] In the diagram: 1. Compost bin; 2. Ventilation assembly; 3. Monitoring and control system; 4. Compost pile parameter detection assembly; 401. Oxygen concentration sensor; 402. Temperature sensor; 5. Convenient mixing assembly; 501. Fixed spindle; 502. Mixing spindle; 503. Mixing blades; 6. Manual turntable; 7. Quick connector; 8. Gas collection assembly; 801. First rubber hose; 802. First solenoid valve; 803. Online gas monitoring sensor; 804. Gas collection box; 805. Second solenoid valve; 806. Odor adsorption purifier; 807. Second rubber hose; 9. Filter screen; 10. Fertilizer collection assembly; 11. Insulated sealing cover. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] This utility model relates to a small-scale aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use, comprising a composting bin 1, a ventilation assembly 2, a monitoring and control system 3, a composting parameter detection assembly 4, a convenient stirring assembly 5, a manual turntable 6, a quick connector 7, a gas collection assembly 8, a filter screen 9, and a filtered compost collection assembly 10. The composting bin 1 is equipped with a filter screen 9, which has several evenly distributed small holes for filtering the filtrate from the compost and ensuring uniform gas distribution within the compost.
[0020] A convenient stirring component 5 is installed at the center of the upper surface of the filter screen 9. The convenient stirring component 5 includes a fixed spindle 501, a stirring main shaft 502, and stirring blades 503. One end of the fixed spindle 501 is fixedly connected to the center of the filter screen 9, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the stirring main shaft 502. Several stirring blades 503 are fixedly installed vertically on the stirring main shaft 502. The stirring blades 503 adopt a straight stirring blade, which can realize the stirring of the pile, so as to increase the porosity between the pile materials, promote the circulation of gas inside the pile, and ensure that all parts of the pile are in an aerobic composting state.
[0021] The upper end of the mixing shaft 502 is slightly lower than the top of the compost bin 1. This design makes opening and closing the compost bin 1 more convenient and quick. The top of the compost bin 1 has a pre-drilled quick-connect fitting hole (not shown). When mixing the compost, the lower end of the quick-connect fitting 7 is inserted into the pre-drilled hole on the top of the compost bin 1 and aligned with the upper end of the mixing shaft 502 for connection. The upper end of the quick-connect fitting 7 is aligned with the lower end of the manual turntable 6 for connection. The quick-connect fitting 7 is preferably a short rod, characterized by its compact size and lightweight design, allowing for quick and accurate positioning during connection and installation, and making operation simple and convenient. The manual turntable 6 uses a powerful arm, enabling labor-saving mixing, and has a simple structure with low manufacturing and maintenance costs.
[0022] The bottom of the compost bin 1 is connected to a fertilizer collection component 10 and a ventilation component 2. The fertilizer collection component 10 is used to collect the filtrate that seeps into the compost pile. The collected filtrate can be used for biogas fermentation, which further improves the resource utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure. The ventilation component 2 can provide ventilation and oxygen to the compost pile. This design can greatly avoid anaerobic fermentation of the compost pile in a closed container.
[0023] The top of the compost bin 1 is connected to a gas collection component 8 and a compost parameter detection component 4 for real-time monitoring of relevant parameters during the composting process. The ventilation component 2, gas collection component 8, and compost parameter detection component 4 are all electrically connected to the monitoring and control system 3. The monitoring and control system 3 is equipped with an intelligent control program that collects data monitored by the gas collection component 8 and compost parameter detection component 4, analyzes and makes decisions based on the collected data, and enables real-time control of the ventilation component 2. The monitored data is stored in the monitoring and control system 3 and uploaded to a cloud platform for operators to query in real time, facilitating real-time reading and analysis of the current composting process. The monitoring and control system 3's method of collecting data monitored by the gas collection component 8 and compost parameter detection component 4, and analyzing and making decisions based on the collected data to achieve real-time control of the ventilation component 2, is a common control method in the field and is not the focus of this patent; therefore, it will not be elaborated upon here.
[0024] Furthermore, the mating connections between the fixed spindle 501 and the stirring spindle 502, the mating connections between the stirring spindle 502 and the quick connector 7, and the mating connections between the quick connector 7 and the manual turntable 6 all adopt regular hexagonal mating surfaces, and the basic dimensions of these three mating connections are the same, which enables convenient disassembly and installation.
[0025] Furthermore, the reactor parameter detection component 4 includes an oxygen concentration sensor 401 and a temperature sensor 402. The detection ends of both the oxygen concentration sensor 401 and the temperature sensor 402 are vertically installed inside the reactor. The rotation radius of the reactor parameter detection component 4 is larger than that of the stirring blade 503, which enables real-time monitoring of the oxygen concentration and temperature inside the reactor.
[0026] Furthermore, the quick connector connection hole reserved on the top of the compost bin 1 is equipped with a corresponding heat-insulating and sealing cover 11, which can achieve heat preservation and sealing of the compost bin 1 when the compost body does not need to be stirred, and prevent odor leakage.
[0027] Furthermore, the gas collection assembly 8 includes a first solenoid valve 802, a second solenoid valve 805, a first rubber hose 801, a second rubber hose 807, a gas collection box 804, an online gas monitoring sensor 803, and an odor adsorption purifier 806. The gas collection box 804 is connected to the top of the compost bin 1 via the first rubber hose 801. The first rubber hose 801 is equipped with the first solenoid valve 802, which controls the connection between the compost bin 1 and the gas collection assembly 8. The online gas monitoring sensor 803 is connected inside the gas collection box 804, enabling real-time monitoring and recording of the gas pressure, oxygen concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration, ammonia concentration, and nitrous oxide concentration inside the gas collection box 804. The monitored data is then transported and stored within the monitoring and control system 3. The gas collection box 804 is connected to the odor adsorption purifier 806 via the second rubber hose 807. The odor adsorption purifier 806 adsorbs odors generated by the compost pile, reducing environmental pollution during the composting process and making the device more environmentally friendly. The second rubber hose 807 is equipped with a second solenoid valve 805, which controls the connection and disconnection between the gas collection box 804 and the odor adsorption purifier 806 to ensure the accuracy of the data monitored by the online gas monitoring sensor 803. The exterior of the first rubber hose 801, the second rubber hose 807, and the gas collection box 804 are all covered with insulation material to ensure the insulation performance of the compost bin.
[0028] The working principle of this small-scale aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use is as follows:
[0029] When conducting small-scale aerobic composting experiments using this device, first open the lid of the composting bin 1, slowly pour the mixed organic solid waste into the composting bin 1, then close the lid of the composting bin 1, and then slowly insert the composting parameter detection component 4 into the composting pile, and connect the power supply to start the aerobic composting process. During the composting process, the monitoring and control system 3 can collect data monitored by the gas collection component 8 and the composting parameter detection component 4 in real time. The monitoring and control system 3 is equipped with an intelligent control program that can analyze the collected data and make quick decisions, transmitting control signals to the ventilation component 2 and the second solenoid valve 805.
[0030] If the gas online monitoring sensor 803 detects that the gas pressure inside the gas collection box 804 is greater than 0.3MPa, the monitoring and control system 3 will issue a command to control the second solenoid valve 805 to be in the open state until the gas online monitoring sensor 803 detects that the gas pressure inside the gas collection box 804 has returned to 0.15MPa, at which point the second solenoid valve 805 will close.
[0031] If the oxygen concentration sensor 401 or the gas online monitoring sensor 803 detects that the oxygen concentration is below 5%, the monitoring and control system 3 will issue a command to control the ventilation component 2 to start the ventilation and oxygen supply mode and control the second solenoid valve 805 to be in the open state, so as to ensure that the air pressure inside and outside the compost bin 1 is kept basically balanced. Until the oxygen concentration sensor 401 and the gas online monitoring sensor 803 both detect that the oxygen concentration inside the compost bin reaches 15%, the ventilation component 2 will stop the ventilation and oxygen supply and close the second solenoid valve 805.
[0032] During the process, if the temperature sensor 402 detects a significant drop in the internal temperature of the compost pile, the monitoring and control system 3 will issue a buzzer alarm to remind the operator to stir the compost pile in time. When stirring, the operator should first remove the insulated sealing cover 11 on top of the compost bin 1, insert one end of the quick connector 7 into the pre-drilled quick connector connection hole on top of the compost bin, align it with the upper end of the stirring shaft 502, and align the other end with the lower end of the manual turntable 6. After connection, the operator will hold the handles at both ends of the manual turntable 6 and rotate it to manually stir the compost pile, increasing the porosity between the materials and promoting the circulation of gas inside the pile. Stirring continues until the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration sensor 401 and the online gas monitoring sensor 803 both reach 15%. Then, the operator will disassemble the manual turntable 6 and the quick connector 7 one by one, and replace the insulated sealing cover 11 to achieve insulation and sealing of the compost bin 1, preventing odor leakage. Meanwhile, during the experiment, the online gas monitoring sensor 803 can measure the concentrations of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and nitrous oxide inside the gas collection box 804 in real time, and transmit and store the monitored data in the monitoring and control system 3. The monitoring and control system 3 can upload the data to the cloud platform for operators to query in real time. Operators can analyze and judge the current progress of the aerobic composting experiment by using the index values of each monitoring parameter in the monitoring and control system 3. After the aerobic composting is completed, the buckle on the discharge port of the composting bucket 1 is opened, and the decomposed pile is slowly poured out. Then, the inside of the composting bucket 1 is cleaned and dried to prepare for the next aerobic composting. In this way, the use of the laboratory small aerobic composting reactor is completed.
[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present utility model, and these improvements should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A small-scale aerobic composting reactor for laboratory use, characterized in that: The system includes a compost bin (1), a ventilation assembly (2), a monitoring and control system (3), a compost parameter detection assembly (4), a convenient mixing assembly (5), a manual turntable (6), a quick connector (7), a gas collection assembly (8), a filter screen (9), and a filter fertilizer collection assembly (10). The compost bin (1) is equipped with a filter screen (9) inside. A convenient mixing assembly (5) is installed at the center of the upper surface of the filter screen (9). The convenient mixing assembly (5) includes a fixed spindle (501), a mixing main shaft (502), and mixing blades (503). One end of the fixed spindle (501) is fixedly connected to the center of the filter screen (9), and the other end is connected to the lower end of the mixing main shaft (502). Several mixing blades (503) are fixedly installed on the mixing main shaft (502) in the vertical direction. The upper end of the mixing main shaft (502) is lower than the lower end of the filter screen (9). At the top of the composting bin (1), a quick connector connection hole is reserved at the top of the composting bin (1). The lower end of the quick connector is connected to the upper end of the stirring spindle (502), and the upper end of the quick connector is connected to the manual turntable (6). The bottom of the composting bin (1) is connected to the fertilizer collection component (10) and the ventilation component (2). The top of the composting bin (1) is connected to the gas collection component (8) and the pile parameter detection component (4). The ventilation component (2), the gas collection component (8) and the pile parameter detection component (4) are all electrically connected to the monitoring and control system (3). The monitoring and control system (3) is equipped with an intelligent control program to collect and store the data monitored by the gas collection component (8) and the pile parameter detection component (4), and to analyze and make decisions on the collected data in order to realize real-time control of the ventilation component (2).
2. The laboratory-grade small-scale aerobic composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection points between the fixed spindle (501) and the stirring spindle (502), the connection points between the stirring spindle (502) and the quick connector (7), and the connection points between the quick connector (7) and the manual turntable (6) all adopt regular hexagonal mating surfaces.
3. The laboratory-grade small-scale aerobic composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor parameter detection component (4) includes an oxygen concentration sensor (401) and a temperature sensor (402). The detection ends of the oxygen concentration sensor (401) and the temperature sensor (402) are both vertically installed inside the reactor. The rotation radius of the reactor parameter detection component (4) is greater than the rotation radius of the stirring blade (503).
4. The laboratory-grade small-scale aerobic composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick connector connection hole reserved on the top of the compost bin (1) is equipped with a corresponding heat-insulating sealing cover (11).
5. The laboratory-grade small-scale aerobic composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collection assembly (8) includes a first solenoid valve (802), a second solenoid valve (805), a first rubber hose (801), a second rubber hose (807), a gas collection box (804), a gas online monitoring sensor (803), and an odor adsorption purifier (806). The gas collection box (804) is connected to the top of the compost bin (1) through the first rubber hose (801). The first rubber hose (801) is equipped with the first solenoid valve (802). The gas collection box (804) is connected to the gas online monitoring sensor (803). The gas collection box (804) is connected to the odor adsorption purifier (806) through the second rubber hose (807). The second rubber hose (807) is equipped with the second solenoid valve (805).