Gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking. The gas turbine system comprises a liquid ammonia assembly, a cracking assembly, a liquid ammonia combustion assembly, a heat exchange component and a gas turbine, the cracking assembly is used for pressurizing and cracking part of liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly to generate cracking gas; the liquid ammonia combustion assembly comprises a gasification part and a combustion part which are connected with the liquid ammonia assembly, the gasification part is used for gasifying the other part of liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly, and the combustion part is used for combusting ammonia gas generated by the gasification part so as to provide required heat for the cracking assembly; the heat exchange part and the gas turbine are sequentially connected with the cracking assembly, the heat exchange part is used for cooling cracking gas, and the cooled cracking gas is conveyed into the gas turbine for combustion; smoke exhausted by the combustion component and the gas turbine provides heat needed by the gasification component. Pyrolysis gas generated by pure ammonia catalytic cracking can be used as fuel, the combustion effect is improved, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to gas turbine technical field, concretely relates to a kind of gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen is an important future energy, but the bottleneck of hydrogen is storage and transportation. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia has the advantages of high energy density, easy liquefaction, easy storage and transportation, high octane number and good anti-knock performance compared with gasoline. However, ammonia has a high ignition point (651 degrees), high ignition energy (8 MJ), low flame burning speed (10 cm / s) and low heat value (18.8 MJ / kg), so a high compression ratio or external ignition trigger is required to ensure that the mixture is ignited.

[0003] Therefore, using pure ammonia as the fuel of a gas turbine will result in low combustion reactivity, narrow flammable boundary and deterioration of NOx emission; using hydrogen as the fuel of a gas turbine will result in strong reactivity of hydrogen combustion, high combustion temperature and problems such as backfire and unstable combustion. Direct use of pure ammonia or hydrogen as the fuel of a gas turbine poses certain difficulties. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the utility model provides a gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking, which can use pure ammonia as fuel, improve combustion effect and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0006] The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking of the embodiment of the utility model comprises:

[0007] A liquid ammonia assembly is configured to provide liquid ammonia fuel.

[0008] A cracking assembly is connected to the liquid ammonia assembly, and is configured to pressurize and crack part of the liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly to generate cracking gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen.

[0009] A liquid ammonia combustion assembly comprises a gasification component and a combustion component connected to the liquid ammonia assembly, the gasification component is configured to gasify another part of the liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly, and the combustion component is configured to combust the ammonia gas generated by the gasification component to provide the required heat for the cracking assembly.

[0010] A heat exchange component and a gas turbine are sequentially connected to the cracking assembly, the heat exchange component is configured to cool the cracking gas, and the cooled cracking gas is delivered into the gas turbine for combustion.

[0011] The combustion component and the flue gas discharged by the gas turbine are transported into the gasification component to provide the required heat for the gasification component.

[0012] The embodiment of the utility model can take pure ammonia as fuel, form cracking gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen and part of ammonia by catalytic cracking of pure ammonia, take cracking gas as fuel of gas turbine, can improve combustion reactivity, improve combustible boundary, reduce NOx emission, improve combustion effect and improve energy utilization efficiency, thereby give full play to respective advantages of pure ammonia and hydrogen as fuel, promote and supplement the development of hydrogen energy.

[0013] In some embodiments, the heat exchange component is connected with the gasification component to provide heat collected by the heat exchange component to the gasification component.

[0014] In some embodiments, the cracking assembly comprises a pressurizing pump and a catalytic cracker, the pressurizing pump is connected between the liquid ammonia assembly and the catalytic cracker, and the pressurizing pump is used to pressurize liquid ammonia and then transport the liquid ammonia into the catalytic cracker.

[0015] In some embodiments, the combustion component is arranged in the catalytic cracker, the catalytic cracker comprises a shell, the shell has an inner cavity, a liquid ammonia inlet and a cracking gas outlet which are in communication with the inner cavity, the combustion component comprises a plurality of pipe bodies, the plurality of pipe bodies are arranged side by side and spaced apart in the inner cavity, one end of each of the plurality of pipe bodies is connected with the gasification component, and the other end of each of the plurality of pipe bodies is connected and forms a flue gas discharge port.

[0016] In some embodiments, the medium flow direction in the inner cavity is opposite to the medium flow direction in the pipe body.

[0017] And / or, the plurality of pipe bodies are arranged in an array.

[0018] In some embodiments, the outer side of the pipe body is provided with a guide plate, and the guide plate is used to guide the dispersed flow of the medium in the inner cavity.

[0019] In some embodiments, the inner cavity of the catalytic cracker is provided with a catalyst, and the catalyst is in contact with the medium in the inner cavity to catalytically crack liquid ammonia into cracking gas.

[0020] In some embodiments, the combustion component adopts plasma catalytic combustion.

[0021] In some embodiments, the liquid ammonia assembly comprises a liquid ammonia storage tank and a delivery pump, and the outlet end of the delivery pump is connected with the gasification component and the cracking assembly through a first pipeline and a second pipeline respectively.

[0022] In some embodiments, a pressure reducing component is further included, which is connected between the gasification component and the combustion component, for depressurizing the ammonia gas discharged from the gasification component and then delivering it into the combustion component. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the combustion components and catalytic cracker according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the combustion components and catalytic cracker from another perspective of an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Figure label:

[0027] 1. Liquid ammonia assembly; 11. First pipeline; 12. Second pipeline;

[0028] 2. Cracking assembly; 21. Pressurization pump; 22. Catalytic cracker; 221. Outer shell; 2211. Inner cavity; 222. Liquid ammonia inlet; 223. Cracking gas outlet;

[0029] 3. Liquid ammonia combustion assembly; 31. Gasification component; 32. Combustion component; 321. Pipe body;

[0030] 4. Heat exchange components;

[0031] 5. Gas turbine. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking in this embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid ammonia assembly 1, a cracking assembly 2, a liquid ammonia combustion assembly 3, a heat exchange component 4, and a gas turbine 5.

[0034] The liquid ammonia assembly 1 is used for providing liquid ammonia fuel; the liquid ammonia assembly 1 can be stored through a liquid ammonia storage tank and delivered to other equipment through a pipeline to provide fuel for the gas turbine 5. In the embodiment, pure ammonia is not directly used as fuel for the gas turbine 5, but the pure ammonia is catalytically cracked to form cracking gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen and part of ammonia, and the cracking gas is used as fuel for the gas turbine 5, thereby solving the problems of hydrogen, such as difficult storage, high reaction activity, high combustion temperature, easy backfire and unstable combustion, and solving the problems of pure ammonia, such as low reaction activity, narrow flammable boundary and deteriorated NOx emission.

[0035] In the embodiment, the cracking assembly 2 is connected with the liquid ammonia assembly 1, and the cracking assembly 2 is used for pressurizing and cracking part of the liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly 1 to generate cracking gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein heat needs to be absorbed in the cracking process, and in the embodiment, the liquid ammonia combustion assembly 3 is arranged to combust part of ammonia to provide the cracking assembly 2 with required heat.

[0036] Specifically, the liquid ammonia combustion assembly 3 includes a gasification component 31 connected with the liquid ammonia assembly 1 and a combustion component 32, the gasification component 31 is used for gasifying another part of the liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly 1, and the combustion component 32 is used for combusting the ammonia generated by the gasification component 31 to provide the cracking assembly 2 with required heat.

[0037] The heat exchange component 4 and the gas turbine 5 are sequentially connected with the cracking assembly 2, the heat exchange component 4 is used for cooling the cracking gas, and the cooled cracking gas is delivered into the gas turbine 5 to be combusted, so that the temperature of the cracking gas entering the gas turbine 5 meets the requirement.

[0038] Since the gasification component 31 needs heat when gasifying the liquid ammonia into ammonia, in the embodiment, high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion component 32 and the gas turbine 5 is delivered into the gasification component 31 to provide the gasification component 31 with required heat through indirect heat exchange, so that the liquid ammonia is gasified, and heat recycling is realized, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0039] The embodiment of the utility model can use pure ammonia as fuel, form cracking gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen and part of ammonia by catalytically cracking the pure ammonia, use the cracking gas as fuel for the gas turbine 5, improve combustion reaction activity, improve flammable boundary, reduce NOx emission, improve combustion effect and energy utilization efficiency, thereby fully exerting respective advantages of pure ammonia and hydrogen as fuel, promoting and supplementing the development of hydrogen energy.

[0040] Further, the heat exchange component 4 in the embodiment is connected with the gasification component 31, since the cracking gas generated in the cracking assembly 2 has a high temperature and cannot be directly delivered into the gas turbine 5, the heat exchange component 4 is used to cool the cracking gas, and the heat collected in the cracking gas by the heat exchange component 4 is provided to the gasification component 31, so that the heat recovery is further improved.

[0041] Since the heat sources delivered into the gasification component 31 include the heat exchange medium provided by the heat exchange component 4, the flue gas discharged by the combustion of ammonia gas in the combustion component 32, and the flue gas discharged by the combustion of cracking gas in the gas turbine 5, the quality and quantity of the heat energy contained are different, therefore, when the pure ammonia in the gasification component 31 is indirectly exchanged with the heat exchange medium and the flue gas, the step-by-step heat exchange can be used to fully utilize the different heat energy.

[0042] For example, the gasification component 31 has a first chamber and a plurality of second chambers, the liquid ammonia medium flows in the first chamber, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange component 4 and the flue gas flow in the plurality of second chambers respectively, and the plurality of second chambers are respectively arranged adjacent to different sections of the first chamber to realize indirect heat exchange and step-by-step heating of the liquid ammonia in the first chamber, so that the utilization rate of the heat energy is improved.

[0043] The heat exchange component 4 in the embodiment can be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the gasification component 31 can also have a structure similar to the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0044] The above and other embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-3 The above and other embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] A gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking, comprising a liquid ammonia assembly 1, a cracking assembly 2, a liquid ammonia combustion assembly 3, a heat exchange component 4 and a gas turbine 5. Most of the structures in the embodiment are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be described again, and the difference is that:

[0046] The ammonia assembly in the embodiment comprises a liquid ammonia storage tank and a delivery pump, the outlet end of the delivery pump is connected with the gasification component 31 and the cracking assembly 2 through the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 12 respectively. The cracking assembly 2 comprises a pressurizing pump 21 and a catalytic cracker 22, the pressurizing pump 21 is connected between the liquid ammonia assembly 1 and the catalytic cracker 22, the second pipeline 12 is connected with the inlet of the pressurizing pump 21, and the pressurizing pump 21 is used to further pressurize the liquid ammonia and then deliver it into the catalytic cracker 22.

[0047] As Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the catalytic cracker 22 of the embodiment includes a shell 221 having an inner cavity 2211, and an ammonia inlet 222 and a cracking gas outlet 223 in communication with the inner cavity 2211, and the combustion component 32 is arranged in the catalytic cracker 22, and the combustion component 32 includes a plurality of pipe bodies 321 arranged side by side and spaced apart in the inner cavity 2211, and the plurality of pipe bodies 321 are arranged in an array such that the spacing distance between the pipe bodies 321 is substantially the same, and the pipe bodies 321 are uniformly arranged in the inner cavity 2211, so as to ensure that the liquid ammonia at each position in the inner cavity 2211 can be fully catalytically cracked. One end of the plurality of pipe bodies 321 can be connected together and then connected with the gasification component 31, and the other end of the plurality of pipe bodies 321 is connected and forms a smoke outlet, and the flue gas of the smoke outlet is transported into the gasification component 31.

[0048] Further, the medium flow direction in the inner cavity 2211 is opposite to the medium flow direction in the pipe body 321, and through the opposite flow of the medium in the inner cavity 2211 and the pipe body 321, the efficiency of indirect heat exchange is improved. Optionally, a guide plate can be arranged on the outer side of the pipe body 321, and the guide plate is used to guide the dispersed flow of the medium in the inner cavity 2211, so as to ensure that the liquid ammonia uniformly disperses after entering the inner cavity 2211, and avoid that the flow speed of the liquid ammonia at different positions is greatly different, resulting in low catalytic cracking rate.

[0049] By using the structure of the catalytic cracker and the combustion component in the embodiment, the catalytic cracking rate of the liquid ammonia can reach more than 95%.

[0050] The inner cavity of the catalytic cracker is provided with a catalyst, and the catalyst contacts the medium in the inner cavity to catalytically crack the liquid ammonia into cracking gas. The catalyst can be arranged by arranging a catalyst support, or it can be arranged on the outer wall of the pipe body.

[0051] In the embodiment, a pressure reduction component is arranged between the gasification component and the combustion component, and the pressure reduction component is used to reduce the pressure of the ammonia gas discharged from the gasification component and then transport it into the combustion component, so as to ensure that the combustion state of the combustion component is stable, and the ammonia gas in the combustion component can be directly combusted, or plasma catalytic combustion can be used to improve the effect and completeness of combustion, and avoid waste of energy.

[0052] In the description of the utility model, it is necessary to understand that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the utility model.

[0053] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0054] In the utility model, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected or in communication with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] In the utility model, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In the description, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, the skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0056] Although the embodiments of the utility model have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the utility model, and the ordinary skilled in the art can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking, characterized in that, include: Liquid ammonia assembly, used to supply liquid ammonia fuel; A pyrolysis assembly connected to the liquid ammonia assembly, the pyrolysis assembly being used to pressurize and pyrolyze a portion of the liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly to produce pyrolysis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen; A liquid ammonia combustion assembly includes a gasification component and a combustion component connected to the liquid ammonia assembly. The gasification component is used to gasify another portion of liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia assembly, and the combustion component is used to burn the ammonia gas generated by the gasification component to provide the required heat to the pyrolysis assembly. A heat exchange component and a gas turbine are connected in sequence to the pyrolysis assembly. The heat exchange component is used to cool the pyrolysis gas, and the cooled pyrolysis gas is fed into the gas turbine for combustion. The combustion component and the flue gas discharged from the gas turbine are fed into the gasification component to provide the gasification component with the required heat.

2. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange component is connected to the gasification component to provide the heat collected by the heat exchange component to the gasification component.

3. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis assembly includes a pressurizing pump and a catalytic pyrolyzer. The pressurizing pump is connected between the liquid ammonia assembly and the catalytic pyrolyzer, and is used to pressurize the liquid ammonia before delivering it into the catalytic pyrolyzer.

4. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 3, characterized in that, The combustion component is located inside the catalytic cracker, which includes a shell, an inner cavity, a liquid ammonia inlet and a cracked gas outlet connected to the inner cavity, and the combustion component includes multiple tubes arranged side by side and spaced apart in the inner cavity. One end of each tube is connected to the gasification component, and the other end of each tube is connected to form a flue gas outlet.

5. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flow direction of the medium in the inner cavity is opposite to the flow direction of the medium inside the tube. And / or, multiple tubes are arranged in an array.

6. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 4, characterized in that, A flow guide plate is provided on the outside of the tube body, which is used to guide the dispersion and flow of the medium in the inner cavity.

7. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the catalytic cracker is provided with a catalyst, which is in contact with the medium in the inner cavity to catalytically crack liquid ammonia into cracked gas.

8. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion component employs plasma catalytic combustion.

9. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid ammonia assembly includes a liquid ammonia storage tank and a transfer pump. The outlet of the transfer pump is connected to the gasification component and the pyrolysis component via a first pipeline and a second pipeline, respectively.

10. The gas turbine system based on ammonia catalytic cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure reducing component, which is connected between the gasification component and the combustion component, and is used to depressurize the ammonia gas discharged from the gasification component and then deliver it into the combustion component.

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