Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module in the field of photovoltaic solar cells, which comprises at least two oppositely arranged cells, each cell comprises a sub-cell area and an electrode located at the edge of the sub-cell area, the electrode comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode of each cell is located at a first side, and the negative electrode of each cell is located at a second side. The negative electrode of each battery piece is positioned on the second side; the conductive slurry layer comprises a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the first conductive layer is connected with the positive electrode of the adjacent battery piece, and the second conductive layer is connected with the negative electrode of the adjacent battery piece, so that the adjacent battery pieces are connected in parallel in the vertical direction. The positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of the adjacent battery pieces are respectively connected through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, parallel connection of the battery pieces in the vertical direction is achieved, the two faces of the photovoltaic assembly are each provided with a perovskite light absorption layer, and the generating capacity of the photovoltaic assembly can be remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to photovoltaic solar cell field especially relates to a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the transformation of global energy structure and the development of renewable energy, solar photovoltaic technology as a clean and sustainable energy form has received widespread attention. In recent years, new hybrid perovskite materials have become a research hotspot in the photovoltaic field due to their unique photoelectric properties such as high light absorption coefficient, adjustable band gap, and excellent carrier mobility. Perovskite solar cells not only have high theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency (the limit efficiency of single-junction perovskite cells can reach 33%), but also have advantages such as low preparation cost and simple process. In particular, in the field of building photovoltaic integration (BIPV), perovskite photovoltaic modules show broad application prospects.

[0003] However, the mass production and practical application of perovskite solar cells still face some technical bottlenecks. First, from the perspective of production cost, the main cost of perovskite cells is concentrated on the glass substrate, which accounts for more than half of the production cost of the cells. Existing photovoltaic module packaging technologies mostly use single-cell packaging or multi-cell horizontal parallel packaging. This packaging method not only consumes a large amount of float glass, but also limits the light absorption efficiency of the cells, resulting in low power generation.

[0004] From the perspective of technical performance, perovskite cells can still maintain high power generation efficiency under weak light conditions, which makes them have unique advantages in indoor photovoltaic applications. However, existing packaging technologies have not fully utilized the high-efficiency characteristics of perovskite cells, especially in terms of improving current output, reducing resistance, and enhancing module stability. In addition, the traditional series packaging method is prone to cause overall power generation efficiency to decrease when there is shading or failure between cell pieces. SUMMARY

[0005] The utility model aims at providing a kind of photovoltaic module, the positive pole and negative pole of adjacent cell piece are connected respectively by first conductive layer and second conductive layer, realize the parallel connection of cell piece in vertical direction, so that photovoltaic module double face each has a layer of perovskite light-absorbing layer, can significantly improve the power generation of photovoltaic module.

[0006] The utility model realizes the purpose by the following technical scheme:

[0007] The utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module includes:

[0008] at least two oppositely arranged battery pieces, each of the battery pieces comprising a sub-cell region and an electrode located at the edge of the sub-cell region, the electrode comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode of each of the battery pieces being located at a first side, and the negative electrode of each of the battery pieces being located at a second side;

[0009] a conductive paste layer, the conductive paste layer comprising a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the first conductive layer connecting the positive electrodes of adjacent battery pieces, and the second conductive layer connecting the negative electrodes of adjacent battery pieces, so that the adjacent battery pieces are connected in parallel in the vertical direction.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned scheme are: by connecting the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of adjacent battery pieces through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer respectively, the parallel connection of the battery pieces in the vertical direction is realized, so that the photovoltaic module has two perovskite light-absorbing layers on each side, and the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module can be significantly improved.

[0011] By connecting the battery pieces in parallel in the vertical direction, the space structure of the module can be effectively utilized, the gap between the battery pieces can be reduced, the space utilization rate of the photovoltaic module can be improved, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency per unit area can be improved, and the application scenarios with limited space (such as roof photovoltaic systems or portable photovoltaic devices) are particularly suitable.

[0012] The parallel connection structure can effectively reduce the series resistance between the battery pieces, reduce the energy loss in the current transmission process, and thus improve the overall current output efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Further, the parallel connection structure can reduce the concentrated heating phenomenon of the current in the transmission process, reduce the heat loss of the battery pieces and the connection parts, so that the working temperature of the module is relatively low, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery pieces is improved, and the material aging or performance degradation problem caused by overheating is reduced.

[0013] In addition, the traditional battery piece connection method usually adopts series connection or a complex welding process, while the utility model directly connects the electrodes of adjacent battery pieces through the conductive paste layer (the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer), which not only simplifies the electrical connection mode between the battery pieces, but also reduces the performance fluctuation caused by the difference in the connection process, improves the overall performance consistency of the photovoltaic module, and ensures the stable output of the module in long-term use.

[0014] Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises:

[0015] an isolation layer, the isolation layer connecting the sub-cell regions of adjacent battery pieces.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned scheme are: by arranging the isolation layer, the electrical short circuit between adjacent battery pieces can be effectively prevented, the electrical isolation between the battery pieces can be ensured, and the safety and reliability of the photovoltaic module are improved.

[0017] Further, the isolation layer comprises:

[0018] The first insulating film layer connects the sub-cell area of one of the two adjacent battery pieces.

[0019] The second insulating film layer connects the sub-cell area of the other of the two adjacent battery pieces.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: the first insulating film layer and the second insulating film layer are arranged to connect the sub-cell areas of adjacent battery pieces, thereby further enhancing the insulation performance between the battery pieces, preventing electrical short circuit, and improving the mechanical stability of the assembly.

[0021] Further, the isolation layer further comprises:

[0022] The adhesive film layer is connected to the first insulating film layer on one side and connected to the second insulating film layer on the other side.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: the adhesive film layer not only enhances the adhesion strength between the insulating film layers, but also provides better mechanical support and buffering effect, reduces the damage risk of the battery pieces when subjected to external force, and improves the durability of the assembly.

[0024] Further, the photovoltaic assembly further comprises:

[0025] The fixing layer is wrapped on the side surfaces of the two adjacent battery pieces.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: the fixing layer can effectively fix the adjacent battery pieces, prevent displacement or loosening of the battery pieces during installation or use, and improve the structural stability and reliability of the assembly.

[0027] Further, the two adjacent battery pieces comprise a first battery and a second battery arranged in mirror image;

[0028] The fixing layer comprises a butyl tape, which is wound on the side surface of the first battery and the side surface of the second battery.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: the butyl tape is used as the fixing layer, which not only provides good adhesion effect, but also has excellent waterproof and dustproof performance, thereby further enhancing the environmental adaptability and service life of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0030] Further, the photovoltaic assembly further comprises:

[0031] The protective layer is wrapped on the two adjacent battery pieces.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are that the protective layer is arranged, the battery piece can be prevented from being damaged by external environment (such as humidity, dust, mechanical impact, etc.), the service life of the battery piece is prolonged, and the overall protection performance of the assembly is improved.

[0033] Further, the battery piece comprises: FTO substrate, NiOx film layer, perovskite film layer, C 60 Film layer, SnO2 film layer and ITO film layer.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are that: the specific structure of the battery piece is arranged, the efficient photoelectric conversion performance of the battery piece is ensured, the selection and arrangement of each layer of material are optimized, and the light absorption and charge transport efficiency of the battery piece are improved.

[0035] Further, the two adjacent battery pieces comprise mirror image arranged first battery and second battery.

[0036] The protective layer comprises:

[0037] The first baffle is wrapped on the FTO substrate of the first battery.

[0038] The second baffle is wrapped on the FTO substrate of the second battery.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are that: the first baffle and the second baffle are arranged, the protection effect of the FTO substrate of the battery piece is further enhanced, and the FTO substrate is prevented from being mechanically damaged or environmentally eroded during installation and use.

[0040] Further, the battery piece is an inverted perovskite battery piece.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are that: the inverted perovskite battery piece is adopted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery piece can be improved.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model at least include:

[0043] The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the adjacent battery piece are connected through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer respectively, the parallel connection of the battery piece in the vertical direction is realized, the photovoltaic assembly has two perovskite light-absorbing layers on each side, and the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic assembly can be significantly improved.

[0044] In addition, the utility model discloses a conductive paste layer (first conductive layer and second conductive layer) directly connects the electrode of adjacent battery piece, not only simplify the electrical connection mode between battery piece, still reduce the performance fluctuation caused by the difference of connecting process, improve the overall performance consistency of photovoltaic module, ensure the stable output of module in long -term use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a kind of explosion structure schematic diagram of photovoltaic module of the utility model embodiment.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a kind of explosion structure schematic diagram of protective layer and fixed layer of the utility model embodiment.

[0047] Figure 3 It is another kind of explosion chart of photovoltaic module of the utility model embodiment.

[0048] In the drawing: 1, battery piece;101, first battery;102,;Second battery;11, FTO substrate;12, NiOx film layer;13, perovskite film layer;14, C 60 Film layer;15, SnO2 Film layer;16, ITO film layer;171, sub-cell area;172, electrode;2, isolation layer;21, first insulating film layer;22, second insulating film layer;23, adhesive film layer;3, conductive paste layer;31, first conductive layer;32, second conductive layer;4, fixed layer;5, protective layer;51, first baffle;52, second baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Example implementations will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example implementations may, however, be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein; rather, these implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the inventive concept to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the figures, and descriptions of the same elements will not be repeated.

[0050] The words expressing position and direction described in the utility model are all explained with the drawing as example, but can also be changed according to needs, and the change made is all included in the protection scope of the utility model.

[0051] In order to promote the large-scale application of perovskite solar cells, the utility model provides a photovoltaic module, aiming at through the packaging setting of vertical and piece, the double cell piece 1 is packaged as high efficient and stable photovoltaic module vertically and piece, so that the current transmission, wiring design, space utilization, heat management, power adjustment, operation cost, power generation capacity improvement, system stability and isolation layer 2 protection and so on many aspects all show the remarkable beneficial effect, the performance and adaptability of photovoltaic module are synergistically improved.

[0052] Reference Figures 1-3 Realize the parallel connection of the cell piece 1 in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic module has perovskite light-absorbing layer on each side, which can significantly improve the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module of the utility model comprises: at least two oppositely arranged cell pieces 1 and conductive paste layers 3. Further, the photovoltaic module of the utility model can also comprise: an isolation layer 2. Still further, the photovoltaic module can also comprise: a fixing layer 4 and a protective layer 5.

[0053] The cell piece 1 of the utility model is an inverted perovskite cell piece 1. The inverted perovskite cell piece 1 has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the theoretical limit conversion efficiency of a single-junction perovskite cell can reach 33%, which is much higher than that of a traditional silicon-based solar cell. In addition, perovskite materials can still maintain high power generation performance under weak light conditions, which makes them have broad prospects in indoor photovoltaic applications. The production cost of perovskite solar cells is relatively low, especially under the background of large-scale production, the cost advantage is more obvious. However, among the current production costs of perovskite cells, glass materials account for a large proportion, about half of the total cost.

[0054] Specifically, referring to Figure 3 The inverted perovskite cell piece 1 comprises, in sequence: an FTO substrate 11, a NiOx film layer 12, a perovskite film layer 13, a C 60 film layer 14, a SnO2 film layer 15 and an ITO film layer 16. The FTO substrate 11 is a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, mainly composed of a certain proportion of fluorine elements doped in a tin oxide (SnO2) matrix. It has good conductivity and transparency, usually with a visible light transmittance of more than 85%. The NiOx film layer 12, i.e. the nickel oxide film layer, is a semiconductor material with a wide band gap and good conductivity. In the inverted perovskite cell piece 1, it serves as a hole transport layer, responsible for transporting photo-generated holes from the photoactive layer to the electrode 172, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The perovskite film layer 13 is the light absorption layer in the inverted perovskite cell piece 1, composed of a perovskite thin film, and has excellent photoelectric conversion performance. The C 60 film layer 14 is a thin film composed of C 60 molecules, and the C 60The molecule is a spherical structure molecule composed of 20 six-membered rings and 12 five-membered rings, has a strong delocalized pi bond, and has unique physical and chemical properties. The SnO2 film layer 15 is a tin dioxide film, which is an n-type semiconductor material with a wide direct band gap, has a wide band gap, a high exciton binding energy, a low resistivity, and a high visible light transmittance (up to 97%). The ITO film layer 16, that is, an indium tin oxide semiconductor transparent conductive film, is an N-type oxide semiconductor, and has good conductivity and transparency.

[0055] Reference Figure 3 The two adjacent battery pieces 1 include a first battery 101 and a second battery 102 arranged in mirror image, and the ITO film layers 16 of the two adjacent battery pieces 1 are oppositely arranged. Figure 1 Each battery piece 1 includes a sub-cell region 171 and an electrode 172 located at the edge of the sub-cell region 171. The electrode 172 includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the positive electrode of each battery piece 1 is located at the first side, and the negative electrode of each battery piece 1 is located at the second side.

[0056] In application, the thickness of the NiOx film layer 12 is 8nm-15nm, preferably, the thickness of the NiOx film layer 12 is 10nm; the thickness of the perovskite film layer 13 is 300nm-450nm, preferably, the thickness of the perovskite film layer 13 is 400nm; the thickness of the C 60 The thickness of the C 60 The thickness of the C The thickness of the SnO2 film layer is 15nm-20nm, preferably, the thickness of the SnO2 film layer is 15nm; the thickness of the ITO film layer 16 is 100nm-200nm, preferably, the thickness of the ITO film layer 16 is 150nm.

[0057] The conductive paste layer 3 is an ion conductive elastomer which is free of solvent, has no corrosive effect on the metal electrode 172, is resistant to high temperature, high pressure, and oxidation, has good tensile property, transparency, adhesion, and ion conductivity. Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) is used as an electrolyte salt, butyl acrylate is used as a monomer, polyethylene glycol dipropylate is used as a crosslinking agent, and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is used as a photoinitiator. The lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) powder, the polyethylene glycol dipropylate, and the photoinitiator are dissolved in the butyl acrylate liquid to form a transparent conductive paste, and the conductive paste layer 3 is formed after solidification.

[0058] In application, the components of the conductive paste layer 3 include: lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, butyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol dipropionic acid ester, and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone. Among them, the molar percentage of polyethylene glycol dipropionic acid ester to butyl acrylate is 0.1%, the molar percentage of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone to butyl acrylate is 1% respectively, and the molar concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide is 0.5 mol / L.

[0059] In practical application, when the conductive paste is cured, the wavelength of ultraviolet irradiation is 320-400 nm, the power is 400 W, and the curing time is 15 minutes.

[0060] Reference Figure 3 The conductive paste layer 3 includes: a first conductive layer 31 and a second conductive layer 32. The first conductive layer 31 is connected to the positive electrode of the adjacent battery piece 1, and the second conductive layer 32 is connected to the negative electrode of the adjacent battery piece 1, so that the adjacent battery pieces 1 are connected in parallel in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic module has two perovskite light-absorbing layers on each side, which can significantly improve the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module.

[0061] In application, the parallel structure can effectively reduce the series resistance between the battery pieces 1 and reduce the energy loss in the current transmission process, thereby improving the overall current output efficiency of the photovoltaic module. For example: under the same light conditions, the photovoltaic module can output higher current, improve power generation, and is especially suitable for application scenarios with high current output requirements. In addition, the parallel structure can reduce the concentrated heating phenomenon of current in the transmission process, reduce the heat loss of the battery piece 1 and the connection part, thereby reducing the working temperature of the module. Lower working temperature helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery piece 1, while reducing the problem of material aging or performance degradation caused by overheating.

[0062] In practical application, the battery piece 1 is connected in parallel in the vertical direction, which can effectively utilize the space structure of the module, reduce the gap between the battery pieces 1, and improve the space utilization rate of the photovoltaic module. For example: more battery pieces 1 can be arranged in a limited space, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency per unit area, and is especially suitable for space-limited application scenarios (such as roof photovoltaic systems or portable photovoltaic devices).

[0063] The traditional battery piece 1 connection method usually adopts series connection or complex welding process, and the conductive paste layer 3 (the first conductive layer 31 and the second conductive layer 32) of the utility model directly connects the electrodes 172 of adjacent battery pieces 1 in parallel, which simplifies the electrical connection mode between the battery pieces 1. Simplifying the connection process can reduce the production difficulty, reduce the failure rate in the production process, and at the same time reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the production efficiency.

[0064] Reference Figure 1In order to effectively prevent the electrical short circuit between adjacent battery pieces 1, ensure the electrical isolation between the battery pieces 1, and improve the safety and reliability of the photovoltaic module, the isolation layer 2 connects the sub-cell areas 171 of the adjacent battery pieces 1.

[0065] With reference to Figure 3 The isolation layer 2 comprises a first insulating film layer 21 and a second insulating film layer 22. Further, the isolation layer 2 can further comprise a glue film layer 23.

[0066] Specifically, the first insulating film layer 21 connects the sub-cell area 171 of one of the two adjacent battery pieces 1, the second insulating film layer 22 connects the sub-cell area 171 of the other of the two adjacent battery pieces 1, one side of the glue film layer 23 is connected to the first insulating film layer 21, and the other side of the glue film layer 23 is connected to the second insulating film layer 22. The first insulating film layer 21 and the second insulating film layer 22 are both SiO2 film layers, and the glue film layer 23 is a POE film layer. The POE film layer is a thermoplastic elastomer copolymerized by polyethylene and polyolefin elastomer, and the main component is obtained by polymerization reaction based on olefins (such as ethylene and propylene).

[0067] In application, the SiO2 film layer is plated on the sub-cell area 171 of the battery piece 1 by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, and the deposition temperature is 300 DEG C, the deposition pressure is 100 Pa, the deposition time is 30 minutes, and the thickness of the SiO2 film layer is 1500 nm. Then, the POE glue film layer 23 is cut into the same size as the insulating film layer, and the glue film layer 23 is attached to the first insulating film layer 21 and the second insulating film layer 22 by using the hot pressing process, and the thickness of the POE glue film is 0.7 mm. The first insulating film layer 21 and the second insulating film layer 22 are of the same size.

[0068] In actual application, in order to further enhance the adhesion strength between the insulating film layers and provide better mechanical support and buffering effect for the parallel battery pieces 1, the recessed structure (not shown) is arranged on the insulating film layer, the protruding structure (not shown) matched with the recessed structure is arranged on both sides of the glue film layer 23, and the protruding structure is embedded in the recessed structure.

[0069] With reference to Figure 1 And Figure 2 The fixing layer 4 is arranged on the side surface of the adjacent two battery pieces 1.

[0070] In application, the fixed layer 4 comprises a butyl tape, which is wound on the side of the first battery 101 and the side of the second battery 102. In actual application, the butyl tape is wound on the side of the first battery 101, the side of the isolation layer 2 and the side of the second battery 102 in sequence, so that the positions of the first battery 101 and the second battery 102 are relatively fixed, the displacement or loosening of the battery piece 1 during installation or use is prevented, and the structural stability and reliability of the assembly are improved.

[0071] Reference Figure 2 And Figure 3 The protective layer 5 is wrapped on the adjacent two battery pieces 1.

[0072] In application, the protective layer 5 comprises a first baffle 51 and a second baffle 52. The first baffle 51 is wrapped on the FTO substrate 11 of the first battery 101, and the second baffle 52 is wrapped on the FTO substrate 11 of the second battery 102, so that the protection effect of the FTO substrate 11 of the battery piece 1 is further enhanced, and mechanical damage or environmental erosion of the FTO substrate 11 during installation and use is prevented.

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the utility model more clear, the utility model is further described in detail by taking example 1 and comparative example 1. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the utility model and not to limit the utility model.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] Because the existing single battery piece 1 packaging or multi-battery horizontal piece packaging consumes a large amount of float glass, increases the production cost, and only has one perovskite light-absorbing layer, the power generation is low, in addition, the traditional metal busbar welding difficulty is big, and the appearance is not beautiful. The vertical piece packaging mode of the embodiment connects two battery pieces 1 in parallel to package one assembly, and the transparent busbar is used instead of the traditional metal busbar, which can reduce the production cost and improve the power generation.

[0076] 1. Preparation of two battery pieces 1

[0077] The preparation method of each battery piece 1 is the same.

[0078] 1.1 FTO substrate 11 preparation:

[0079] Use 300mm*30mm fluorine-doped tin oxide glass as FTO substrate 11.

[0080] P1 is etched by laser etching, and the FTO substrate 11 is patterned and etched, marked as P1, and divided into 36 sub-cell areas 171, which ensures the uniform deposition of the subsequent film layer and the electrical isolation between the battery units.

[0081] After etching, the substrate is thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the surface is free of impurities.

[0082] 1.2 Film deposition:

[0083] NiOx film layer: A layer of NiOx film layer 12 with a thickness of about 10 nm is deposited on the FTO substrate 11 using physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology. NiOx serves as a hole transport layer, and its thickness has a significant impact on the performance of the battery, so it needs to be accurately controlled to ensure good hole transport efficiency.

[0084] Perovskite film layer 13: A layer of perovskite film layer 13 with a thickness of about 400 nm is coated on the above-mentioned NiOx film layer 12 using slot coating technology. The perovskite film layer 13 serves as a light absorption layer, and its thickness directly affects the light absorption efficiency and charge separation efficiency of the battery. After coating, flash annealing is performed to make the film layer well crystallized, and it is ready for use after being restored to room temperature.

[0085] C 60 Film layer: A layer of C 60 film layer with a thickness of 25 nm is deposited on the perovskite film layer 13 by evaporation equipment. 60 As an electron transport layer, it helps to effectively transport electrons.

[0086] SnO2 film layer: A layer of SnO2 film layer with a thickness of 15 nm is deposited on the C 60 film layer using ALD (atomic layer deposition) technology. SnO2 serves as a protective layer 5 to improve the stability of the battery.

[0087] ITO film layer 16: A layer of ITO film layer 16 with a thickness of 150 nm is deposited on the SnO2 film layer by PVD technology, which is the top electrode. The transparent conductive properties of the ITO film layer 16 ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0088] In application, before depositing the ITO film layer 16, the substrate is restored to room temperature and a P2 line is drawn using laser to form the battery structure, and all film layers in the edge cleaning area are removed to the glass layer, i.e. the FTO substrate 11, to ensure the cleanliness of the top electrode 172.

[0089] 1.3 Deposition of isolation layer 22:

[0090] The top electrode 172 in the edge cleaning area is covered with a mask plate, and a layer of SiO2 insulating film with a thickness of 1500 nm is deposited on the battery sheet 1 using PVD technology to prevent short circuiting of the sub-battery and wear of the top electrode 172.

[0091] 1.4 Battery performance test:

[0092] The positive and negative electrodes of the test equipment are clamped to the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite photovoltaic battery sheet 1 respectively to test the current-voltage curve.

[0093] Test results of one piece of battery sheet 1:

[0094] Battery open-circuit voltage (Voc): 36.54 V; short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc): 18.01 mA / cm 2 ; fill factor (FF): 54.02; energy conversion efficiency: 9.56%; single battery area: 19.6 cm 2 .

[0095] Test results of another piece of battery sheet 1:

[0096] Battery open-circuit voltage (Voc): 36.47 V; short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc): 17.76 mA / cm 2 ; fill factor (FF): 55.79; energy conversion efficiency: 9.72%; single battery area: 19.6 cm 2 .

[0097] 2. Preparation of photovoltaic module

[0098] 2.1 Preparation of conductive paste:

[0099] Dissolve lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) powder, polyethylene glycol dipropionic acid ester and photoinitiator in butyl acrylate liquid to form a transparent conductive paste, wherein the molar percentages of polyethylene glycol dipropionic acid ester and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone to butyl acrylate are 0.1% and 1% respectively, and the molar concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) is fixed at 0.5 M.

[0100] 2.2 Coating of conductive paste:

[0101] Drop the transparent conductive paste onto the positive and negative top electrode 172 surfaces of the edge cleaning area of the battery sheet 1 to perform predetermined shaping.

[0102] 2.3 Module encapsulation:

[0103] (1) Stick butyl tape on the edges of the four edges of the two adjacent battery sheets 1 to ensure the sealing of the edges of the photovoltaic module.

[0104] (2) Uniformly cover a layer of POE adhesive film layer 23 with a thickness of 0.7 mm outside the conductive paste area, i.e. the sub-cell area 171.

[0105] (3) Combine the other piece of battery sheet 1 in a positive and negative corresponding manner, i.e. combine the upper and lower pieces of battery sheet 1 in a positive to positive and negative to negative manner, to ensure that the conductive paste is in contact with the metal electrodes 172 of the upper and lower battery sheets 1.

[0106] 2.4 Lamination and curing:

[0107] Laminating treatment is performed to ensure that the layers of the photovoltaic module are tightly combined.

[0108] After laminating, the transparent busbar, i.e., the conductive paste layer 3, is cured by ultraviolet irradiation (320 nm-400 nm, 400 W power) within 15 minutes.

[0109] 2.5 Module performance test

[0110] The positive and negative electrodes of the test equipment are respectively clamped on the positive and negative electrodes of the transparent busbar led out of the perovskite photovoltaic module, and the current-voltage curve is tested.

[0111] Test results:

[0112] Open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the cell: 36.44 V; short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc): 35.69 mA / cm 2 ; fill factor (FF): 56.62; energy conversion efficiency: 10.23%; single cell area: 19.6 cm 2 .

[0113] Comparative Example 1

[0114] The photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 1 is a single-glass photovoltaic module, which includes a protective layer 5, tempered glass, an adhesive film, a cell sheet 1, a back plate, and a junction box. The protective layer 5 is used to fix and protect the internal structure; the tempered glass provides the necessary physical strength and protection; the adhesive film serves as an adhesive to ensure the tight combination of the layers of the module; the cell sheet 1 is the core component of the photoelectric conversion; the back plate further protects the internal structure of the module from the external environment; and the junction box is responsible for the collection and output of electrical energy. In addition, the 60 small cell sheets 1 in the single-glass photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 1 are on the same horizontal plane, and the series and parallel circuits are realized by precise metal welding process, thereby constructing a complete photovoltaic power generation unit.

[0115] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that:

[0116] (1) Packaging method:

[0117] Comparative Example 1: The traditional single-glass module packaging method is adopted, and the cell sheets 1 are connected by metal welding on the same horizontal plane.

[0118] Example 1: The vertical parallel sheet packaging method is adopted, and the two cell sheets 1 are connected in parallel in the vertical direction without welding.

[0119] (2) Busbar material:

[0120] Comparative Example 1: Traditional metal busbars (such as copper strips or silver strips) are used, which have problems such as great welding difficulty, unattractive appearance, and easy corrosion.

[0121] Example 1: Using transparent conductive paste as busbar, with the advantages of transparency, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc., and without the need for welding.

[0122] (3) Insulation treatment:

[0123] Comparative Example 1: No special insulation treatment, the electrical isolation between the battery pieces 1 relies on the adhesive film and the back plate.

[0124] Example 1: A 1500 nm SiO2 insulation film layer is plated on the sub-cell area 171 of the upper and lower battery pieces 1 to prevent the transparent conductive paste from diffusing to the sub-cell area 171 and causing short circuit.

[0125] (4) Packaging process:

[0126] Comparative Example 1: The packaging process is complex, involving multiple processes such as metal welding, lamination, etc., and the welding process is easy to damage the battery pieces 1.

[0127] Example 1: The packaging process is simplified, connecting the upper and lower battery pieces 1 by transparent paste, and curing by ultraviolet irradiation after lamination, which is simple and does not damage the battery pieces 1.

[0128] It can be seen that the single-glass photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 1 has the problems of low power generation, high production cost, poor appearance, and poor long-term stability. Specifically: the single-glass photovoltaic module has only one perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the power generation is limited; the metal welding connection circuit has resistance loss, further reducing the power generation efficiency. The traditional single-glass module needs to use a large amount of float glass as the back plate, increasing the production cost; the metal welding process is complex, increasing the production difficulty and cost. The metal busbar is not transparent, affecting the appearance of the module, especially in building photovoltaic integration (BIPV) applications, the aesthetic appearance is poor. Metal welding is easy to produce thermal stress, which may cause the battery pieces 1 to crack or de-weld over a long period of use, affecting the service life of the module; the metal busbar is easily corroded, especially in humid environments, which may cause the performance of the module to decline.

[0129] Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 1 uses a SiO2 isolation layer 2 plated on the sub-cell area 171 of the lower battery piece 1 and a specific shape of POE adhesive film with transparent conductive paste to achieve non-contact parallel connection, not only avoiding the many problems caused by welding, but also significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the module (the power generation gain can reach 100% under the same light on both sides), reducing the water permeability (the water permeability is 0), and effectively reducing the cost.

[0130] Although the embodiments of the utility model have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the utility model, and the ordinary skilled in the art can change, modify, replace and transform the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the utility model without departing from the principles and purposes of the utility model, and all these changes should belong to the protection scope of the utility model claim.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: At least two opposing battery cells (1), each battery cell (1) includes a sub-cell region and an electrode located at the edge of the sub-cell region, the electrode including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode of each battery cell (1) is located on a first side, and the negative electrode of each battery cell (1) is located on a second side. The conductive paste layer (3) includes a first conductive layer (31) and a second conductive layer (32). The first conductive layer (31) is connected to the positive electrode of the adjacent battery cell (1), and the second conductive layer (32) is connected to the negative electrode of the adjacent battery cell (1), so that the adjacent battery cells (1) are connected in parallel in the vertical direction.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also includes: An isolation layer (2) is provided, which connects the sub-cell regions of adjacent battery cells (1).

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The isolation layer (2) includes: The first insulating film layer (21) connects the sub-cell region of one of the two adjacent battery cells (1); The second insulating film layer (22) connects the sub-cell region of another cell (1) in two adjacent cells (1).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The isolation layer (2) also includes: Adhesive film layer (23), one side of which is connected to the first insulating film layer (21), and the other side of which is connected to the second insulating film layer (22).

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also includes: A fixing layer (4) is attached to the sides of two adjacent battery cells (1).

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, Two adjacent battery cells (1) include a first battery and a second battery arranged in a mirror image; The fixing layer (4) includes butyl tape, which is wrapped around the side of the first battery and the side of the second battery.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also includes: A protective layer (5) is applied to two adjacent battery cells (1).

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solar cell (1) comprises: an FTO substrate (11), a NiOx film (12), a perovskite film (13), and C arranged sequentially. 60 The film layer (14), the SnO2 film layer (15), and the ITO film layer (16).

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, Two adjacent battery cells (1) include a first battery and a second battery arranged in a mirror image; The protective layer (5) includes: The first baffle (51) covers the FTO substrate (11) of the first battery; The second baffle (52) covers the FTO substrate (11) of the second battery.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell (1) is an inverted perovskite solar cell (1).

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