Photoelectric gradienter
By designing the optical path of the photoelectric level, the problem of difficult reading and low accuracy of traditional levels is solved by utilizing the multiple refractions and reflections of the light beam within the photoelectric level, thus achieving high-precision angle measurement.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423276652.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-30
AI Technical Summary
Traditional levels are difficult to read and their accuracy is hard to guarantee, which affects the machining performance of machine tools and the precision of parts.
A photoelectric level is used, and the optical path is designed to make the light beam undergo multiple refractions and reflections between the light polarization structure, reflection structure, refraction structure and focusing sensing structure. The voltage change is generated by the change in the focusing position of the light beam to confirm the horizontal state.
This design achieves a simple optical path and stable structure, improving measurement accuracy and efficiency, and ensuring the accuracy of small-angle measurements.
Smart Images
Figure CN223596870U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to photoelectric levels in the field of level technology. Background Technology
[0002] Assembly errors and manufacturing errors of machine tools will cause spatial geometric errors during machine tool operation, causing the machine tool axis movement to deviate from the ideal position, which will greatly affect its processing performance and processing accuracy, and ultimately affect the processing and manufacturing accuracy of mechanical parts. These errors are usually measured by instruments such as laser interferometers and autocollimators. Levels are usually used for measurement, but traditional instruments such as bubble levels and optical quadrants have disadvantages such as difficulty in reading and difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photoelectric level with a simple optical path, stable structure, and high measurement accuracy.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a photoelectric level, including a light source, a light polarization structure disposed directly in front of the light source, a light reflection structure disposed directly in front of the light polarization structure, a light focusing sensing structure disposed directly below the light polarization structure, and a light refraction structure disposed directly below the light reflection structure.
[0005] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: the light source directly passes the light beam through the light polarization structure, and after passing through the light reflection structure, the light path changes by 90° before entering the light refraction structure. Within the light refraction structure, the light beam undergoes refraction and reflection, and after passing through the light reflection structure again, the light path changes by 90° again before passing through the light separation structure. The polarization direction of the light changes, so the light beam is reflected after entering the light separation structure and detected by the focusing sensing structure. When the level is tilted at a certain angle, the position of the light beam focused on the focusing sensing structure produces corresponding voltage changes. Within a small angle measurement range, the angle change and voltage change have a linear relationship, thus confirming whether the level is horizontal. The optical path is simple, the structure is stable, and the measurement accuracy is high.
[0006] As a further improvement of this utility model, the light polarization structure includes a polarizing beam splitter, the center of which is a polarizing beam splitting film. The front of the polarizing beam splitting film faces the light source. A quarter glass plate is arranged in front of the back of the polarizing beam splitting film. The light reflecting structure is arranged in front of the quarter glass plate. The light focusing sensing structure is arranged directly below the back of the polarizing beam splitting film.
[0007] When the level is tilted at a certain angle, the light from the light source passes directly through the polarizing beam splitter and the quarter-wave plate before entering the reflection structure. The path of the light changes by 90° and enters the light refraction structure. After refraction and reflection within the light refraction structure, the light beam passes through the light reflection structure again, changes its path by 90°, and passes through the quarter-wave plate again. The polarization direction of the light changes, and after entering the polarizing beam splitter, it is reflected to the focusing sensing structure. Due to the change in position, the position of the focusing sensing structure is different, which generates a corresponding voltage change, thus indicating whether the object being measured is level.
[0008] As a further improvement of this utility model, the light reflecting structure includes a right-angle reflector, the inclined surface of which faces the quarter glass plate in the horizontal direction, and the inclined surface of which faces the light refraction structure in the vertical direction.
[0009] This method uses a right-angle mirror to reflect the light path by 90° and minimizes light intensity loss.
[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model, the light refraction structure includes a liquid tank containing a transparent viscous liquid. A plane mirror is provided at the bottom of the liquid tank, with the mirror surface of the plane mirror facing upwards and directly opposite the inclined surface of the right-angle reflecting mirror in the vertical direction.
[0011] When the level is placed on a perfectly horizontal platform, the light beam passes perpendicularly through a liquid with a certain viscosity and strikes the plane mirror. After being reflected by the plane mirror, it exits through the liquid along its original path, at which point the incident and outgoing light coincide. When the level is tilted at an angle, the liquid surface remains horizontal, and the incident and outgoing light do not coincide.
[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, the focusing sensing structure includes a convex lens, which is located directly below the polarizing beam splitter with the convex surface facing upwards, and a four-quadrant photodetector is disposed directly below the convex lens.
[0013] In this way, the beam of light is reflected after entering the polarizing beam splitter and focused by the convex lens onto the four-quadrant photodetector, which then senses the change in the position of the beam of light.
[0014] As a further improvement to this invention, the light source is a laser. This ensures good beam focusing and prevents divergence, thereby improving measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the incident and reflected light paths of the liquid tank in a horizontal state according to this utility model.
[0017] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the incident and reflected light paths of the liquid tank in an inclined state according to this utility model.
[0018] Among them, 1 is a laser, 2 is a polarizing beam splitter, 3 is a positive beam splitter film, 4 is a quarter glass slide, 5 is a right-angle mirror, 6 is a convex lens, 7 is a four-quadrant photodetector, 8 is a liquid tank, 9 is a plane mirror, and 10 is a transparent viscous liquid. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0020] like Figure 1-3 The photoelectric level shown includes a light source, a light polarization structure disposed directly in front of the light source, a light reflection structure disposed directly in front of the light polarization structure, a light focusing sensing structure disposed directly below the light polarization structure, and a light refraction structure disposed directly below the light reflection structure.
[0021] The light polarization structure includes a polarizing beam splitter 2, with a polarizing beam splitting film at the center of the polarizing beam splitter 2. The front of the polarizing beam splitter faces the light source, and a quarter glass plate 4 is placed in front of the back of the polarizing beam splitter. The light reflecting structure is placed in front of the quarter glass plate 4, and the light focusing sensing structure is placed directly below the back of the polarizing beam splitter.
[0022] The light-reflecting structure includes a right-angle mirror 5, with its inclined surface horizontally facing the quarter-glass slide 4 and vertically facing the light-refracting structure. The light-refracting structure includes a liquid tank 8 containing a transparent viscous liquid 10. A plane mirror is positioned at the bottom of the liquid tank 8, with its surface facing upwards and vertically aligned with the inclined surface of the right-angle mirror 5. The light-gathering sensing structure includes a convex lens 6, positioned directly below the polarizing beam splitter 2, with its convex surface facing upwards. A four-quadrant photodetector 7 is positioned directly below the convex lens 6. The light source is a laser 1.
[0023] In this invention, the laser beam emitted by the laser 1 passes directly through the polarizing beam splitter 2 and the quarter-wave plate. After passing through the right-angle reflector 5, the optical path changes by 90°. The light beam is reflected by the right-angle reflector 5 and enters the liquid tank 8. In the liquid tank 8, the light beam is refracted by the liquid and then shines into the plane reflector 9 at the bottom of the liquid tank 8. After being reflected by the plane reflector 9, the light beam is refracted upward by the liquid and then enters the air. After passing through the right-angle reflector 5, the optical path changes by 90° and passes through the quarter-wave plate again. The polarization direction of the light changes. Therefore, after the light beam enters the polarizing beam splitter 3 at the center of the polarizing beam splitter 2, it is reflected to the convex lens 6 and then focused by the convex lens 6 onto the four-quadrant photodetector 7.
[0024] like Figure 2-3As shown, when the level is placed on a horizontal platform, the light beam is refracted perpendicularly by the viscous liquid in the liquid tank 8 and reflected by the plane mirror 9. After reflection by the plane mirror 9, the beam exits through the liquid along its original path, at which point the incident and outgoing light coincide. When the platform is tilted, with the level tilt angle being A1, the liquid surface remains horizontal, the incident angle of the light beam is B1, and the angle of refraction when passing through the liquid is B2. After reflection by the plane mirror, the reflected light is refracted through the liquid surface at an angle of refraction of B3. Thus, the light beam undergoes a series of refraction-reflection-rerefraction processes, resulting in an angle of B4 between the incident and outgoing light. Therefore, when the level is tilted at a certain angle, i.e., when the plane mirror 9 changes angle, the different positions of the light beam focused in the four quadrants will produce corresponding voltage changes.
[0025] This invention features a simple and easily adjustable optical path, a stable structure, and high measurement accuracy, thereby improving measurement efficiency.
[0026] This utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Based on the technical solutions disclosed herein, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some of the technical features without creative labor, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A photoelectric level, characterized in that: It includes a light source, a light polarization structure in front of the light source, a light reflection structure in front of the light polarization structure, a light focusing sensing structure below the light polarization structure, and a light refraction structure below the light reflection structure.
2. The photoelectric level according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light polarization structure includes a polarizing beam splitter, with a polarizing beam splitting film at the center of the polarizing beam splitter. The front of the polarizing beam splitting film faces the light source. A quarter glass plate is placed in front of the back of the polarizing beam splitting film. The light reflecting structure is placed in front of the quarter glass plate. The light focusing sensing structure is placed directly below the back of the polarizing beam splitting film.
3. The photoelectric level according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light-reflecting structure includes a right-angle mirror, with the inclined surface of the right-angle mirror facing the quarter-glass plate in the horizontal direction and the inclined surface of the right-angle mirror facing the light-refracting structure in the vertical direction.
4. The photoelectric level according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light refraction structure includes a liquid tank containing a transparent viscous liquid. A plane mirror is placed at the bottom of the liquid tank, with the mirror surface facing upwards and directly opposite the inclined surface of the right-angle reflecting mirror in the vertical direction.
5. A photoelectric level according to claim 4, characterized in that: The focusing sensing structure includes a convex lens, which is located directly below the polarizing beam splitter with its convex surface facing upwards. A four-quadrant photodetector is positioned directly below the convex lens.
6. A photoelectric level according to claim 5, characterized in that: The light source is a laser.