High-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system for inverted fluorescence microscope

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-precision multichannel electric fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope, which is characterized in that a controller is divided into a main controller and an instruction controller, and the main controller, a rotating disc type channel switching mechanism, an LED lamp bead module and a lamp bead driving module are all arranged on a main circuit board; the instruction controller and the main controller are connected through the serial port communication module to achieve transmission of control signals, the length of a large-current connecting circuit among the main controller, the lamp bead driving module and the LED lamp bead module can be effectively shortened, heat is reduced, the problems of heating and signal interference caused by the too long large-current connecting circuit are avoided, and the service life of the lamp bead driving module is prolonged. And the stability of the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system can be improved. Moreover, magnets are mounted in three positioning holes in eight positioning hole groups in the turntable by adopting eight different magnet mounting and combining modes, so that the positions of the eight filtering modules on the turntable are identified, and the switching efficiency of the fluorescent channels is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a fluorescence excitation device, specifically a high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope. Background Technology

[0002] When light of a specific wavelength shines on certain substances, these substances emit light with a wavelength longer than that of the illuminating light. This phenomenon is called fluorescence. The illuminating light is called the excitation light, and the excited light is called fluorescence. A fluorescence microscope is a microscope that uses this principle, using light of certain wavelengths as a light source to illuminate the object being observed, thereby eliciting fluorescence for observation.

[0003] Existing fluorescence excitation devices have the following shortcomings:

[0004] Firstly, existing fluorescence excitation devices obtain corresponding fluorescence by incidenting the light emitted by the LED bead module into different filter modules. The light emission of the LED bead module needs to be driven by the controller through the bead driver module. In the existing technology, the controller and the bead driver module are integrated on a circuit board and separated from the mounting board that integrates the LED bead module and the filter module. This results in the need for a long connecting wire between the controller and the LED bead module. This method firstly leads to a large number of wires being connected, increasing the difficulty of product manufacturing. At the same time, since the output of the LED bead is controlled by a large current, the long wire connection will generate a lot of heat. In addition, the connection of the signal transmission line and the current output line together can sometimes cause interference and affect the stability of the control board.

[0005] Secondly, most existing fluorescence excitation devices use a motor to drive a turntable to rotate at a fixed angle in a fixed direction, causing filter modules at different installation angles on the turntable to rotate to the working position, thereby achieving the switching of fluorescence channels. Furthermore, the device determines which filter module is in the working position by calculating the number of rotations at the fixed angle. Therefore, when it is necessary to switch to an adjacent fluorescence channel opposite to the fixed rotation direction, it is necessary to rotate almost one full turn in the fixed rotation direction to reach the aforementioned adjacent fluorescence channel, resulting in low fluorescence channel switching efficiency in the fluorescence excitation device.

[0006] Third, existing microscope fluorescence accessories only have six or four holes. Although the switching is achieved through an electric structure, it is not possible to ensure that the light source is accurately aligned with the center position each time. After the specific channel is identified by the positioning Hall plate, the DC motor is controlled to decelerate and stop. However, due to a certain lag in identification, the stopping position may be slightly off each time. Utility Model Content

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope includes: a rotary channel switching mechanism, a key control panel, a rotary encoder, a controller, a fluorescence rotary drive module, an LED module, an LED drive module, a display module, and a power supply module for powering the high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system.

[0010] The turntable-type channel switching mechanism is equipped with a DC geared motor, a turntable, and multiple filter modules. The motor shaft of the DC geared motor meshes with the turntable through a transmission gear, and each filter module is evenly spaced around the rotation axis of the turntable on the bottom surface of the turntable.

[0011] Its characteristic is that the controller is divided into a main controller and an instruction controller;

[0012] The main controller, rotary channel switching mechanism, fluorescent rotary drive module, LED lamp bead module, lamp bead drive module, and power supply module are all mounted on the main circuit board. The main controller is electrically connected to the DC geared motor of the rotary channel switching mechanism through the fluorescent rotary drive module, and the main controller is electrically connected to the LED lamp bead module through the lamp bead drive module. The instruction controller is electrically connected to the output terminal of the button control board, the output terminal of the rotary encoder, and the input terminal of the display module, respectively. The instruction controller is connected to the main controller through a serial communication module.

[0013] Thus, when the user presses a button on the button control panel, the main controller receives the fluorescent channel switching trigger signal output by the button control panel via the instruction controller, thereby controlling the fluorescent turntable drive module to drive the DC geared motor to drive the corresponding filter module to rotate with the turntable to the working position; when the user rotates the rotary encoder, the main controller receives the adjustment signal of the rotary encoder via the instruction controller, thereby controlling the LED bead drive module to adjust the brightness of the LED beads in the LED bead module.

[0014] Therefore, this invention can effectively shorten the length of the high-current connection line between the main controller, the lamp bead driver module, and the LED lamp bead module, reduce heat generation, effectively avoid the heat generation and signal interference problems caused by the excessive length of the high-current connection line in the prior art, and help improve the stability of the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system.

[0015] Preferably, the turntable channel switching mechanism is provided with eight filter modules. A set of positioning holes is provided on the top surface of the turntable at the middle position between any two adjacent filter modules. Each set of positioning holes includes three positioning holes arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the turntable. The eight sets of positioning holes on the turntable are used to install magnets in the three positioning holes using eight different magnet installation combinations.

[0016] The high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system also includes: a Hall position recognition module mounted on the main circuit board and electrically connected to the main controller; the Hall position recognition module is equipped with three Hall sensing probes, which are mounted above the turntable via a cantilever bracket, and when any filter module rotates to the working position with the turntable, the magnets in the three positioning holes of one set of positioning holes are respectively within the sensing range of the three Hall sensing probes, so that the Hall position recognition module can output eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals corresponding to eight magnet installation combinations, and each fluorescence channel position sensing signal is composed of a sequence of sensing results from the three Hall sensing probes;

[0017] The button control board has eight channel control buttons, which can output eight fluorescent channel switching trigger signals that correspond one-to-one with the eight fluorescent channel position sensing signals. The command controller is electrically connected to the output terminals of the eight channel control buttons.

[0018] Therefore, the controller receives the fluorescence channel position sensing signal output by the Hall positioning and recognition module, which means it can know the current fluorescence channel, that is, the filter module currently in the working position, in the corresponding way. When the user presses one of the channel control buttons, the controller receives the corresponding fluorescence channel switching trigger signal, which means it can know the target fluorescence channel in the corresponding way. The controller compares the fluorescence channel switching trigger signal with the fluorescence channel position sensing signal, and controls the fluorescence turntable drive module to drive the DC geared motor according to the comparison result, so that the turntable rotates directly from the current fluorescence channel to the target fluorescence channel along the shortest path.

[0019] Therefore, this invention uses eight different magnet installation combinations in three positioning holes on the turntable to install magnets in eight sets of positioning holes, and employs a Hall position recognition module with three Hall sensor probes to sense and output eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals accordingly. This enables the identification of the positions of the eight filter modules on the turntable, i.e., the current fluorescence channel. Furthermore, by using eight channel control buttons whose output signals correspond one-to-one with the eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals, the user can directly specify the target fluorescence channel. Thus, this invention provides the hardware foundation for the turntable to rotate directly from the current fluorescence channel to the target fluorescence channel via the shortest path under the drive of a DC geared motor, which helps to improve the switching efficiency of fluorescence channels.

[0020] The eight different magnet mounting combinations are as follows:

[0021] The first to third methods: each has a magnet installed in only one positioning hole, and the installation position of the magnet corresponds to the three positioning holes respectively;

[0022] Methods four through six: all have magnets installed in two positioning holes, and the positions where no magnets are installed correspond to three positioning holes respectively;

[0023] The seventh method: Magnets are installed in all three positioning holes;

[0024] The eighth method: Do not install magnets in the three positioning holes.

[0025] Preferably, the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system further includes: a photoelectric limit switch module disposed on the main circuit board and electrically connected to the main controller; the transmitter and receiver of the photoelectric limit switch module are respectively mounted on the main circuit board and the turntable. Thus, the main controller can use the received emitted beam from the transmitter by the receiver of the photoelectric limit switch module as a trigger signal. When driving the DC geared motor to rotate the turntable to switch fluorescence channels, and receiving the corresponding fluorescence channel position sensing signal from the Hall positioning recognition module, the moment of receiving this trigger signal is used as the timing to stop the DC geared motor. This ensures that the turntable rotates precisely to the appropriate position, achieving accurate switching of fluorescence conduction and ensuring that the switched filter module is directly facing the light source center of the LED beads.

[0026] Preferably, the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system further includes a linear motion mechanism and an LED bead motor drive module, and the LED bead module has multiple LED beads spaced apart along a straight line; the LED bead motor drive module is mounted on the main circuit board, and the LED bead module is mounted on the main circuit board through the linear motion mechanism. The main controller can drive the linear motion mechanism through the LED bead motor drive module to move the LED bead module along the straight line, so that one of the LED beads in the LED bead module is coaxial with the filter module in the working position, thereby allowing the user to select a suitable LED bead as the light source.

[0027] Preferably, the high-precision multi-channel electro-luminescent excitation system further includes a cooling fan and a temperature and humidity detection module, both mounted on the main circuit board and electrically connected to the main controller. This allows the cooling fan to be controlled based on the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature and humidity detection module, preventing circuit interference caused by excessively high circuit board temperature or high humidity in the air.

[0028] Preferably, both the main controller and the instruction controller use the ATMEGA328PB-AUR control chip.

[0029] Preferably, the LED driver module consists of a signal conversion chip U6 (model GPB101) and a constant current driver chip U17 (model Hi7300). The circuit structure is as follows: pin 1 of the constant current driver chip U17 is connected to pin 3 of the signal conversion chip U6 via resistor R82, serving as the input terminal (LED PWM) of the LED driver module to receive the PWM signal output by the main controller; pin 4 of the signal conversion chip U6 is connected to the DC voltage terminal VCC and grounded through capacitor C26; pins 5 and 7 of the signal conversion chip U6 are both grounded; pin 8 of the signal conversion chip U6 is grounded through parallel capacitors C23 and C24; pin 6 of the signal conversion chip U6 is divided into two paths: one path is grounded through parallel capacitors C27 and C28, and the other path is grounded through series resistors R79 and R80. The connection point of R80 is connected to pin 2 of the constant current driver chip U17; pin 2 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C71; pin 3 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C72; pin 4 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through resistor R92; pin 5 of the constant current driver chip U17 is split into two paths, one grounded through resistor R78, and the other connected to the source of MOSFET Q20; pin 6 of the constant current driver chip U17 is connected to the gate of MOSFET Q20 through resistor R85. Pin 7 of the constant current driver chip U17 is divided into two paths. One path connects to the drain of MOSFET Q20 through parallel Zener diodes D19 and D18. The other path connects to the DC voltage terminal VCC and is grounded through parallel capacitors C66, C67, and C78. Pin 8 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C68. Pin 9 of the constant current driver chip U17 is divided into two paths. One path connects to ground through capacitor C64, and the other path connects to ground through series resistor R89 ​​and capacitor C73. Pin 10 is connected to one end of resistor R83, and pin 11 of constant current driver chip U17 is grounded; the other end of resistor R83, one end of capacitor C70, and one end of resistor R84 are connected together; the other end of resistor R84, one end of capacitor C77, and the cathode of Zener diode D18 are connected together; the anode of Zener diode D18 is connected to one end of inductor L4; the other end of inductor L4, the other end of capacitor C77, and the other end of capacitor C70 are all connected to the LED ground terminal LGND; capacitor C70 serves as the output terminal of the LED driver module.

[0030] Therefore, the LED driver module needs to drive the LEDs with a constant current. The Hi7300, as the LED constant current driver chip U17, is a simple external circuit with a wide dimming ratio, flicker-free step-down dimming LED constant current driver, making it very suitable for LED driving. A forward current of up to 5A can be easily achieved. In this embodiment, a maximum of two LEDs are considered to be connected in series simultaneously, with each LED having a rated power of approximately 10W and a current of around 3A. Therefore, based on this design requirement, a series of capacitor and inductor parameters were set to achieve a good driving effect and reduce losses during the driving process.

[0031] First, the 0%-100% duty cycle PWM signal input from the main controller is converted into a 0-5V analog voltage output using the signal conversion chip U6, model GPB101.

[0032] Pin 1 of the constant current driver chip U17 is the enable pin. When pin 1 is pulled low to GND for more than 40ms, the chip automatically enters sleep mode to reduce power consumption. In this mode, the standby current is less than 80uA. When pin 1 is pulled high, the chip restarts. This effectively reduces circuit power consumption. Without a PWM input, the chip does not operate and does not generate current; it only starts working when a PWM input is available, thus reducing energy consumption.

[0033] Pin 2 (LD) of the constant current driver chip U17 is the analog dimming pin. LD dimming is linear analog dimming, and the dimming resolution accuracy depends only on the accuracy of the input analog signal. LD is pulled up to VDD by default, and the output current of the LED changes linearly with the voltage across LD, enabling more accurate current output.

[0034] Therefore, the LED driver module uses a single PWM signal to achieve two different functions, working together to achieve constant current output from the LED. Firstly, based on the principle of the constant current driver chip U17, it can perform both PWM-to-analog dimming and linear analog dimming. However, pin 1 can not only perform PWM-to-analog dimming but also enable the chip. Therefore, to better utilize the chip's performance, pin 1 uses a PWM signal to control the chip's enable. Without a PWM input, the chip does not operate and does not generate current; it only starts working when a PWM input is available, thus reducing energy consumption. Simultaneously, linear analog dimming is used to output LED current. Since linear analog dimming is voltage-controlled and the voltage must be below 1.8V, a direct PWM input is not feasible. Therefore, a signal conversion chip U6 (model GPB101) is used. This chip converts the 0%-100% duty cycle PWM signal input from the main controller into a 0-5V analog voltage output. Then, based on the voltage divider effect of resistors, the 0-5V voltage is stepped down to 0-1V and input to the LD pin of the constant current driver chip U17. This circuit design effectively reduces power consumption in the current-driven circuit, while improving the stability of the constant current drive and providing good heat dissipation.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] First, this utility model divides the controller into a main controller and an instruction controller, and sets the main controller, rotary channel switching mechanism, LED lamp bead module, and lamp bead driver module on the main circuit board 6. The instruction controller and the main controller are connected through a serial communication module to realize the transmission of control signals. This can effectively shorten the length of the high-current connection line between the main controller, the lamp bead driver module, and the LED lamp bead module, reduce heat generation, and effectively avoid the heat generation and signal interference problems caused by the excessively long high-current connection line in the prior art. This helps to improve the stability of the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescent excitation system.

[0037] Secondly, this invention uses eight different magnet installation combinations in three positioning holes 2a on the turntable 2 to install magnets in eight sets of positioning holes. A Hall effect positioning and recognition module with three Hall effect sensors 4 is used to sense and output eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals. This allows the identification of the positions of the eight filter modules 3 on the turntable 2, i.e., the current fluorescence channel. Furthermore, by using eight channel control buttons whose output signals correspond one-to-one with the eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals, the user can directly specify the target fluorescence channel. Therefore, this invention provides the hardware foundation for the turntable 2 to rotate directly from the current fluorescence channel to the target fluorescence channel via the shortest path under the drive of the DC geared motor 1, which helps improve the switching efficiency of the fluorescence channel.

[0038] Third, the LED driver module used in this utility model, which consists of a signal conversion chip U6 of model GPB101 and a constant current driver chip U17 of model Hi7300, has the advantages of low power consumption and high stability of constant current drive. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the high-precision multi-channel electro-luminescent excitation system of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the LED bead driving module in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings to help those skilled in the art better understand the inventive concept of the present invention. However, the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. For those skilled in the art, all other embodiments obtained without creative effort without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this utility model discloses a high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope, including: a rotary channel switching mechanism, a button control board, a rotary encoder, a controller, a fluorescence rotary drive module, an LED lamp bead module, an LED lamp bead drive module, a display screen module, and a power supply module for supplying power to the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system.

[0045] The turntable-type channel switching mechanism is equipped with a DC geared motor 1, a turntable 2 and multiple filter modules 3. The motor shaft of the DC geared motor 1 meshes with the turntable 2 through a transmission gear. Each filter module 3 is evenly spaced around the rotation axis of the turntable 2 and installed on the bottom surface of the turntable 2.

[0046] The controller is divided into a main controller and a command controller;

[0047] The main controller, rotary channel switching mechanism, fluorescent rotary drive module, LED lamp bead module, lamp bead drive module, and power supply module are all mounted on the main circuit board 6. The main controller is electrically connected to the DC geared motor 1 of the rotary channel switching mechanism through the fluorescent rotary drive module, and the main controller is electrically connected to the LED lamp bead module through the lamp bead drive module. The instruction controller is electrically connected to the output terminal of the button control board, the output terminal of the rotary encoder, and the input terminal of the display module, respectively. The instruction controller is connected to the main controller through a serial communication module.

[0048] Thus, when the user presses a button on the button control panel, the main controller receives the fluorescent channel switching trigger signal output by the button control panel via the instruction controller, thereby controlling the fluorescent turntable drive module to drive the DC geared motor 1 to drive the corresponding filter module 3 to rotate with the turntable 2 to the working position; when the user rotates the rotary encoder, the main controller receives the adjustment signal of the rotary encoder via the instruction controller, thereby controlling the LED bead drive module to adjust the brightness of the LED beads in the LED bead module.

[0049] Therefore, this invention can effectively shorten the length of the high-current connection line between the main controller, the lamp bead driver module, and the LED lamp bead module, reduce heat generation, effectively avoid the heat generation and signal interference problems caused by the excessive length of the high-current connection line in the prior art, and help improve the stability of the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system.

[0050] The above is the basic embodiment of this utility model, and further optimizations, improvements and limitations can be made based on this basic embodiment:

[0051] Preferably, the turntable channel switching mechanism is provided with eight filter modules 3. The top surface of the turntable 2 is provided with a set of positioning holes at the middle position between any two adjacent filter modules 3. Each set of positioning holes includes three positioning holes 2a arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the turntable 2. The eight sets of positioning holes on the turntable 2 are used to install magnets in the three positioning holes 2a using eight different magnet installation combinations.

[0052] The high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system also includes: a Hall position recognition module disposed on the main circuit board 6 and electrically connected to the main controller; the Hall position recognition module is provided with three Hall sensing probes 4, which are mounted above the turntable 2 via a cantilever bracket 5, and when any filter module 3 rotates to the working position with the turntable 2, the magnets in the three positioning holes 2a of one set of positioning holes are respectively within the sensing range of the three Hall sensing probes 4, so that the Hall position recognition module can output eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals corresponding one-to-one with eight magnet installation combinations, and each fluorescence channel position sensing signal is composed of a sequence of sensing results from the three Hall sensing probes 4;

[0053] The button control board has eight channel control buttons, which can output eight fluorescent channel switching trigger signals that correspond one-to-one with the eight fluorescent channel position sensing signals. The command controller is electrically connected to the output terminals of the eight channel control buttons.

[0054] The eight different magnet mounting combinations are as follows:

[0055] The first to third methods: each has a magnet installed in only one positioning hole 2a, and the installation position of the magnet corresponds to the three positioning holes 2a respectively;

[0056] The fourth to sixth methods all involve installing magnets in two positioning holes 2a, and the positions where no magnets are installed correspond to three positioning holes 2a respectively;

[0057] The seventh method: Magnets are installed in all three positioning holes 2a;

[0058] The eighth method: Do not install magnets in the three positioning holes 2a.

[0059] Thus, the controller receives the fluorescence channel position sensing signal output by the Hall positioning and recognition module, and can know the current fluorescence channel, that is, the filter module 3 currently in the working position, in the corresponding manner. When the user presses one of the channel control buttons, the controller receives the corresponding fluorescence channel switching trigger signal, and can know the target fluorescence channel in the corresponding manner. The controller compares the fluorescence channel switching trigger signal with the fluorescence channel position sensing signal, and controls the fluorescence turntable drive module to drive the DC geared motor 1 according to the comparison result, so that the turntable 2 rotates directly from the current fluorescence channel to the target fluorescence channel along the shortest path.

[0060] Therefore, this invention uses eight different magnet installation combinations in three positioning holes 2a on the turntable 2 to install magnets in eight sets of positioning holes. A Hall effect positioning and recognition module with three Hall effect sensors 4 is used to sense and output eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals, thereby identifying the positions of the eight filter modules 3 on the turntable 2, i.e., identifying the current fluorescence channel. Furthermore, by using eight channel control buttons whose output signals correspond one-to-one with the eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals, the user can directly specify the target fluorescence channel. Therefore, this invention provides the hardware foundation for the turntable 2 to rotate directly from the current fluorescence channel to the target fluorescence channel along the shortest path under the drive of the DC geared motor 1, which helps improve the switching efficiency of the fluorescence channel.

[0061] Preferably, the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system further includes: a photoelectric limit switch module disposed on the main circuit board 6 and electrically connected to the main controller; the transmitter and receiver of the photoelectric limit switch module are respectively mounted on the main circuit board 6 and the turntable 2. Thus, the main controller can use the receiver of the photoelectric limit switch module receiving the emitted beam from the transmitter as a trigger signal to drive the DC geared motor 1 to rotate the turntable 2 to switch fluorescence channels. When the corresponding fluorescence channel position sensing signal is received from the Hall positioning recognition module, the moment of receiving this trigger signal is used as the timing to stop the DC geared motor 1. This ensures that the turntable 2 rotates precisely to the appropriate position, achieving accurate switching of fluorescence conduction and ensuring that the switched filter module 3 is directly facing the light source center of the LED bead.

[0062] Preferably, the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system further includes a linear movement mechanism 7 and an LED bead motor drive module, and the LED bead module has multiple LED beads spaced apart along a straight line; the LED bead motor drive module is mounted on the main circuit board 6, and the LED bead module is mounted on the main circuit board 6 through the linear movement mechanism 7. The main controller can drive the linear movement mechanism 7 through the LED bead motor drive module to move the LED bead module along the straight line, so that one of the LED beads in the LED bead module is coaxial with the filter module 3 in the working position, thereby allowing the user to select a suitable LED bead as the light source.

[0063] Preferably, the high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system further includes a cooling fan and a temperature and humidity detection module, both mounted on the main circuit board 6 and electrically connected to the main controller. This allows the cooling fan to be controlled based on the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature and humidity detection module, preventing circuit interference caused by excessively high circuit board temperature or high humidity in the air.

[0064] Preferably, both the main controller and the instruction controller use the ATMEGA328PB-AUR control chip.

[0065] Preferably, the LED driver module consists of a signal conversion chip U6 (model GPB101) and a constant current driver chip U17 (model Hi7300). The circuit structure is as follows: pin 1 of the constant current driver chip U17 is connected to pin 3 of the signal conversion chip U6 via resistor R82, serving as the input terminal (LED PWM) of the LED driver module to receive the PWM signal output by the main controller; pin 4 of the signal conversion chip U6 is connected to the DC voltage terminal VCC and grounded through capacitor C26; pins 5 and 7 of the signal conversion chip U6 are both grounded; pin 8 of the signal conversion chip U6 is grounded through parallel capacitors C23 and C24; pin 6 of the signal conversion chip U6 is divided into two paths: one path is grounded through parallel capacitors C27 and C28, and the other path is grounded through series resistors R79 and R80. The connection point of R80 is connected to pin 2 of the constant current driver chip U17; pin 2 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C71; pin 3 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C72; pin 4 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through resistor R92; pin 5 of the constant current driver chip U17 is split into two paths, one grounded through resistor R78, and the other connected to the source of MOSFET Q20; pin 6 of the constant current driver chip U17 is connected to the gate of MOSFET Q20 through resistor R85. Pin 7 of the constant current driver chip U17 is divided into two paths. One path connects to the drain of MOSFET Q20 through parallel Zener diodes D19 and D18. The other path connects to the DC voltage terminal VCC and is grounded through parallel capacitors C66, C67, and C78. Pin 8 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C68. Pin 9 of the constant current driver chip U17 is divided into two paths. One path connects to ground through capacitor C64, and the other path connects to ground through series resistor R89 ​​and capacitor C73. Pin 10 is connected to one end of resistor R83, and pin 11 of constant current driver chip U17 is grounded; the other end of resistor R83, one end of capacitor C70, and one end of resistor R84 are connected together; the other end of resistor R84, one end of capacitor C77, and the cathode of Zener diode D18 are connected together; the anode of Zener diode D18 is connected to one end of inductor L4; the other end of inductor L4, the other end of capacitor C77, and the other end of capacitor C70 are all connected to the LED ground terminal LGND; capacitor C70 serves as the output terminal of the LED driver module.

[0066] Therefore, the LED driver module needs to drive the LEDs with a constant current. The Hi7300, as the LED constant current driver chip U17, is a simple external circuit with a wide dimming ratio, flicker-free step-down dimming LED constant current driver, making it very suitable for LED driving. A forward current of up to 5A can be easily achieved. In this embodiment, a maximum of two LEDs are considered to be connected in series simultaneously, with each LED having a rated power of approximately 10W and a current of around 3A. Therefore, based on this design requirement, a series of capacitor and inductor parameters were set to achieve a good driving effect and reduce losses during the driving process.

[0067] First, the 0%-100% duty cycle PWM signal input from the main controller is converted into a 0-5V analog voltage output using the signal conversion chip U6, model GPB101.

[0068] Pin 1 of the constant current driver chip U17 is the enable pin. When pin 1 is pulled low to GND for more than 40ms, the chip automatically enters sleep mode to reduce power consumption. In this mode, the standby current is less than 80uA. When pin 1 is pulled high, the chip restarts. This effectively reduces circuit power consumption. Without a PWM input, the chip does not operate and does not generate current; it only starts working when a PWM input is available, thus reducing energy consumption.

[0069] Pin 2 (LD) of the constant current driver chip U17 is the analog dimming pin. LD dimming is linear analog dimming, and the dimming resolution accuracy depends only on the accuracy of the input analog signal. LD is pulled up to VDD by default, and the output current of the LED changes linearly with the voltage across LD, enabling more accurate current output.

[0070] Therefore, the LED driver module uses a single PWM signal to achieve two different functions, working together to achieve constant current output from the LED. Firstly, based on the principle of the constant current driver chip U17, it can perform both PWM-to-analog dimming and linear analog dimming. However, pin 1 can not only perform PWM-to-analog dimming but also enable the chip. Therefore, to better utilize the chip's performance, pin 1 uses a PWM signal to control the chip's enable. Without a PWM input, the chip does not operate and does not generate current; it only starts working when a PWM input is available, thus reducing energy consumption. Simultaneously, linear analog dimming is used to output LED current. Since linear analog dimming is voltage-controlled and the voltage must be below 1.8V, a direct PWM input is not feasible. Therefore, a signal conversion chip U6 (model GPB101) is used. This chip converts the 0%-100% duty cycle PWM signal input from the main controller into a 0-5V analog voltage output. Then, based on the voltage divider effect of resistors, the 0-5V voltage is stepped down to 0-1V and input to the LD pin of the constant current driver chip U17. This circuit design effectively reduces power consumption in the current-driven circuit, while improving the stability of the constant current drive and providing good heat dissipation.

[0071] This utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Based on the above content and in accordance with the common technical knowledge and conventional methods in the field, without departing from the basic technical idea of ​​this utility model, other equivalent modifications, substitutions or alterations can be made to this utility model, all of which fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope, comprising: The system includes a rotary channel switching mechanism, a keypad control panel, a rotary encoder, a controller, a fluorescent rotary drive module, an LED bead module, an LED bead drive module, a display module, and a power supply module for powering a high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescent excitation system. The turntable channel switching mechanism is equipped with a DC geared motor (1), a turntable (2) and multiple filter modules (3). The motor shaft of the DC geared motor (1) meshes with the turntable (2) through a transmission gear. Each filter module (3) is evenly spaced around the rotating shaft of the turntable (2) and installed on the bottom surface of the turntable (2). Its characteristic is that the controller is divided into a main controller and an instruction controller; The main controller, turntable channel switching mechanism, fluorescent turntable drive module, LED lamp bead module, lamp bead drive module and power supply module are all mounted on the main circuit board (6). The main controller is electrically connected to the DC geared motor (1) of the turntable channel switching mechanism through the fluorescent turntable drive module. The main controller is electrically connected to the LED lamp bead module through the lamp bead drive module. The instruction controller is electrically connected to the output end of the button control board, the output end of the rotary encoder and the input end of the display module. The instruction controller is connected to the main controller through a serial communication module.

2. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turntable channel switching mechanism is provided with eight filter modules (3). The top surface of the turntable (2) is provided with a set of positioning holes at the middle position between any two adjacent filter modules (3). Each set of positioning holes includes three positioning holes (2a) arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the turntable (2). The eight sets of positioning holes on the turntable (2) are installed with magnets in the three positioning holes (2a) using eight different magnet installation combinations. The high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system also includes: a Hall positioning and identification module set on the main circuit board (6) and electrically connected to the main controller; the Hall positioning and identification module is equipped with three Hall sensing probes (4), which are mounted above the turntable (2) via a cantilever bracket (5), and when any filter module (3) rotates to the working position with the turntable (2), the magnets in the three positioning holes (2a) of one set of positioning holes are respectively within the sensing range of the three Hall sensing probes (4), so that the Hall positioning and identification module can output eight fluorescence channel position sensing signals corresponding to eight magnet installation combinations; The button control board has eight channel control buttons, which can output eight fluorescent channel switching trigger signals that correspond one-to-one with the eight fluorescent channel position sensing signals. The command controller is electrically connected to the output terminals of the eight channel control buttons.

3. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The eight different magnet mounting combinations are as follows: The first to third methods: each has a magnet installed in only one positioning hole (2a), and the installation position of the magnet corresponds to the three positioning holes (2a) respectively; The fourth to sixth methods all involve installing magnets in two positioning holes (2a), and the positions where no magnets are installed correspond to three positioning holes (2a) respectively. The seventh method: Magnets are installed in all three positioning holes (2a); The eighth method: No magnets are installed in the three positioning holes (2a).

4. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system also includes: a photoelectric limit switch module disposed on the main circuit board (6) and electrically connected to the main controller; the transmitter and receiver of the photoelectric limit switch module are respectively mounted on the main circuit board (6) and the turntable (2).

5. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system also includes a linear movement mechanism (7) and an LED bead motor drive module. The LED bead module has multiple LED beads spaced apart along a straight line. The LED bead motor drive module is mounted on the main circuit board (6). The LED bead module is mounted on the main circuit board (6) through the linear movement mechanism (7). The main controller can drive the linear movement mechanism (7) through the LED bead motor drive module to move the LED bead module along the straight line, so that one of the LED beads in the LED bead module is coaxial with the filter module (3) in the working position.

6. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The high-precision multi-channel electric fluorescence excitation system also includes a cooling fan and a temperature and humidity detection module, which are mounted on the main circuit board (6) and electrically connected to the main controller.

7. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Both the main controller and the instruction controller use the ATMEGA328PB-AUR control chip.

8. The high-precision multi-channel motorized fluorescence excitation system for an inverted fluorescence microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The LED driver module consists of a signal conversion chip U6 (model GPB101) and a constant current driver chip U17 (model Hi7300). The circuit structure is as follows: pin 1 of the constant current driver chip U17 is connected to pin 3 of the signal conversion chip U6 via resistor R82, serving as the input terminal of the LED driver module; pin 4 of the signal conversion chip U6 is connected to the DC voltage terminal VCC and grounded through capacitor C26; pins 5 and 7 of the signal conversion chip U6 are both grounded; pin 8 of the signal conversion chip U6 is grounded through capacitors C23 and C24 connected in parallel; the signal conversion chip U17... Pin 6 of the current drive chip U17 is divided into two paths: one path is grounded through capacitors C27 and C28 connected in parallel, and the other path is grounded through resistors R79 and R80 connected in series. The connection point of resistors R79 and R80 is connected to pin 2 of the constant current drive chip U17. Pin 2 of the constant current drive chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C71. Pin 3 of the constant current drive chip U17 is grounded through capacitor C72. Pin 4 of the constant current drive chip U17 is grounded through resistor R92. Pin 5 of the constant current drive chip U17 is divided into two paths: one path is grounded through resistor R78, and the other path is connected to the MOSFET. The source of MOSFET Q20 is connected to the gate of MOSFET Q20 via resistor R85 at pin 6 of the constant current driver chip U17. Pin 7 of the constant current driver chip U17 is divided into two paths: one path connects to the drain of MOSFET Q20 via parallel Zener diodes D19 and D18, and the other path connects to the DC voltage terminal VCC and is grounded via parallel capacitors C66, C67, and C78. Pin 8 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded via capacitor C68. Pin 9 of the constant current driver chip U17 is divided into two paths: one path connects to ground via capacitor C64, and the other path connects to a series resistor... R89 and capacitor C73 are grounded. Pin 10 of the constant current driver chip U17 is connected to one end of resistor R83, and pin 11 of the constant current driver chip U17 is grounded. The other end of resistor R83, one end of capacitor C70, and one end of resistor R84 are connected together. The other end of resistor R84, one end of capacitor C77, and the cathode of Zener diode D18 are connected together. The anode of Zener diode D18 is connected to one end of inductor L4. The other ends of inductor L4, capacitor C77, and capacitor C70 are all connected to the LED ground terminal LGND. Capacitor C70 serves as the output terminal of the LED driver module.

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