Power supply device, power supply system and feeder

Abstract

The utility model provides a power supply device, a power supply system and a feeder, and relates to the technical field of electric quantity detection, a controller of the power supply system is configured with the power supply device, the power supply device comprises a first power supply port and a second power supply port, and power supplies of the two power supply ports are connected with the controller based on an output port. The controller can be powered through the power supply device, the electric quantity of the first power supply or the second power supply can be detected on the basis of the built-in function of the controller, the state of the power supply can be known in real time, IO resources can be saved, and the reliability of the controller is improved. The method is suitable for products with single-chip microcomputer IO port resource shortage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery power detection technology, and in particular to a power supply device, power system and feeder. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most IoT consumer feeders use a combination of dry cell batteries and a power adapter for power supply. Normally, the feeder is powered by the adapter, but in the event of a power outage or other emergency, it draws power from the dry cell batteries. Users need to monitor the battery level in real time to determine the device's remaining lifespan and replace the batteries promptly.

[0003] Current battery feeder technology typically requires a system-on-a-chip (SoC), such as a microcontroller or a single-chip microcontroller (MCU). This SoC uses an integrated analog-to-digital (A / D) sensor chip (IO) or peripherals to convert the analog battery voltage into a machine-readable binary value, thus obtaining the battery's current voltage. However, A / D acquisition requires I / O ports on the microcontroller. In some product designs, there may be a shortage of I / O ports, leaving insufficient space for A / D acquisition, which limits the battery's power detection capabilities. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the purpose of this invention is to provide a power supply device, power system, and feeder that can achieve power detection without occupying the microcontroller's I / O ports, thus offering strong adaptability.

[0005] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a power supply device for supplying power to a controller. The power supply device includes a first power supply port, a second power supply port, and an output port. The first power supply port is connected to a first power supply, the second power supply port is connected to a second power supply, and the output port is connected to the controller. The first and second power supply ports are respectively connected to the output port, and a switching device is provided on the connection path between the first power supply port and the output port. The control terminal of the switching device is connected to the second power supply port. The switching device is configured to be turned on when the first power supply is powered, so that the first power supply supplies power to the controller, and to be turned off when the second power supply is powered, so that the second power supply supplies power to the controller.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a first embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the aforementioned switching device is a MOS device; the gate of the MOS device is connected to the second power supply port as a control terminal.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a second embodiment of the first aspect, wherein a first diode is provided on the connection path between the second power supply port and the output port, wherein the anode of the first diode is connected to the output port and the cathode is connected to the second power supply port.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a third embodiment of the first aspect, wherein a second diode is provided on the connection path between the second power supply port and the control terminal of the switching device, wherein the anode of the second diode is connected to the control terminal and the cathode is connected to the second power supply port.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the output port is configured with a capacitor.

[0010] Secondly, this utility model embodiment also provides a power supply system, wherein the controller of the power supply system is equipped with the above-mentioned power supply device, wherein the output port of the power supply device is connected to the controller for supplying power to the controller.

[0011] In conjunction with the second aspect, the present invention provides a first embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the controller is equipped with a power supply port, which is directly connected to the output port of the power supply device.

[0012] In conjunction with the second aspect, this utility model provides a second embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the controller is configured with a comparator; one input terminal of the comparator is connected to the power supply port, and the other input terminal is used to obtain a preset voltage threshold; the comparator is used to compare the power supply output by the power supply device with the voltage threshold, and output a comparison signal; the controller is also used to display the power of the power supply according to the comparison signal.

[0013] In conjunction with the second aspect, this utility model provides a third embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the controller is further configured with a register; the register is used to store voltage thresholds.

[0014] Thirdly, this utility model embodiment also provides a feeder, which includes a feeder body and a power system installed in the feeder body.

[0015] The present invention provides the following beneficial effects: a power supply device, a power system, and a feeder. The power system controller is equipped with a power supply device, which includes a first power supply port and a second power supply port. The power supply of the two power supply ports is connected to the controller through the output port. The controller can be powered through the power supply device, and the power of the first or second power supply can be detected based on the built-in function of the controller. The status of the power supply can be understood in real time, which can save IO resources and is suitable for products with scarce microcontroller IO port resources.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, or some features and advantages may be inferred from the description or determined without doubt, or may be learned by practicing the above-described techniques of this invention.

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a capacitor provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 A flowchart of LVD implementation of power detection in a power supply system is provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 A functional block diagram of LVD voltage detection in a power supply system provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a functional diagram illustrating the configuration of the LVD_CR register in a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] To address the aforementioned issues, this utility model provides a power supply device, power system, and feeder that can achieve power detection without occupying the microcontroller's I / O ports, thus offering strong adaptability.

[0028] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, a power supply device disclosed in this utility model embodiment will first be described in detail. This power supply device is used to supply power to the controller. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the power supply device includes a first power supply port 10, a second power supply port 30, and an output port 20; wherein, the first power supply port 10 is used to connect to a first power supply, the second power supply port 30 is used to connect to a second power supply, and the output port 20 is used to connect to a controller. The first power supply port 10 and the second power supply port 30 are respectively connected to the output port 20.

[0029] Specifically, this utility model embodiment designs a device for supplying power to a controller of a power system, which can be powered by either a first power supply or a second power supply. In a specific implementation, a switching device 11 is provided on the connection path between the first power supply port 10 and the output port 20; the control terminal of the switching device 11 is connected to the second power supply port 30. The switching device 11 is used to be turned on when the first power supply is powered, so that the first power supply supplies power to the controller, and to be turned off when the second power supply is powered, so that the second power supply supplies power to the controller.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first power supply connected to the first power supply port 10 can be a dry cell battery, and the second power supply connected to the second power supply port 30 can be an adapter. The voltage input to the second power supply port 30 is higher than that of the first power supply port 10. This embodiment of the invention provides a switching device 11 on the connection path between the first power supply port 10 and the output port 20. This switching device 11 can automatically switch between different power supplies without manual intervention. When both the adapter and the dry cell battery are connected simultaneously, because the adapter voltage is higher than the battery voltage, the dry cell battery will not discharge, thus saving battery power and making full use of the external power source, reducing energy waste. Furthermore, it can also accurately detect the power supply level without the need for an I / O port, exhibiting good adaptability.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, this utility model embodiment also provides another power supply device. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below, with reference to... Figure 2 The aforementioned switching device is a MOS device; the gate of the MOS device serves as the control terminal and is connected to the second power supply port. When the gate receives power, and this power is higher than the battery voltage, the switching device will conduct. The source of this MOS device is connected to the output port, and the drain is connected to the first power supply port. Figure 2 In the diagram, +5V is the second power supply port, BAT is the first power supply port, and M1 is the switching device. When an external adapter is connected, power is supplied from +5V, and the controller can detect the connected power supply through its built-in function, displaying a full charge. The specific detection process is described in the following embodiment. When the adapter is not connected, power is supplied from the BAT dry cell battery, displaying the actual dry cell battery charge. When both the adapter and battery are connected, the battery will not discharge because the adapter voltage is higher than the battery voltage.

[0032] Furthermore, a first diode is provided on the connection path between the second power supply port and the output port, that is... Figure 2 In the diagram, D1 is a first diode, where the anode is connected to the output port and the cathode is connected to the second power supply port. A diode is an electronic component with unidirectional conductivity. When a normal power supply voltage is applied (i.e., the second power supply port supplies power to the output port), it ensures that current can flow smoothly from the second power supply port to the output port to power the controller. Furthermore, it prevents current from attempting to flow from the first power supply port back to the second power supply port via the output port.

[0033] Furthermore, a second diode is installed on the connection path between the second power supply port and the control terminal of the switching equipment, that is, Figure 2 In the second diode D2, the anode is connected to the control terminal, and the cathode is connected to the second power supply port. This second diode prevents current or voltage from being reversed through the control terminal of the switching device when the second power supply is turned off or when a transient voltage spike occurs, protecting the control terminal circuit from potential damage.

[0034] Furthermore, referring to Figure 2 The output port is equipped with a capacitor, that is Figure 2 CE1 in the code is used for filtering or power supply stabilization. In practical implementation, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the capacitor is shown, including two capacitors connected in parallel, C17 and C18, where C17 is 100nF and C18 is 10uF. Additionally, a resistor R12 is connected to the gate of the switching device.

[0035] In summary, the alternative power supply device provided by this utility model can achieve, through a MOS device, that the first power supply (dry cell battery) will not discharge when powered by the second power supply, and the battery charge can be detected by the controller when powered only by the first power supply. Compared with the prior art, it does not require occupying the microcontroller's I / O ports, making it suitable for products with limited microcontroller I / O port resources.

[0036] In accordance with the above embodiments, this utility model also provides a power supply system, wherein the controller of the power supply system is equipped with the aforementioned power supply device, and the output port of the power supply device is connected to the controller for supplying power to the controller.

[0037] In practical implementation, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the controller is equipped with a power supply port, which is directly connected to the output port of the power supply device. (Refer to...) Figure 4 AC1003 is the control chip for the power system, and pin 6 is the power supply pin for the control chip, which is the power supply port mentioned above.

[0038] Furthermore, Figure 4 The pin functions of the control chip are as follows: 1-Microcontroller reset; 2-Microcontroller control of the recording chip; 3-Motor control; 4-Ground; 5-External reference capacitor; 6-Microcontroller power supply (LVD module detects the power supply threshold and generates an interrupt to determine the power level); 7-Indicator light; 8-32.768kHz clock; 9-32.768kHz clock; 10-LCD backlight control; 11-Indicator light; 12-Button; 13-Button; 14-Button; 15-Button; 16-LCD chip communication; 17-LCD chip communication; 18-LCD chip communication; 19-Motor control; 20-Feeding motor detection. The above buttons can be configured according to requirements.

[0039] In practical implementation, the controller is configured with a comparator ( Figure 4 (Not shown in the diagram); one input of the comparator is connected to the power supply port, and the other input is used to obtain a preset voltage threshold; the comparator is used to compare the power supply output by the power supply device with the voltage threshold and output a comparison signal; the controller is also used to display the power of the power supply according to the comparison signal. The controller is also equipped with a register; the register is used to store the voltage threshold.

[0040] In one embodiment, the power system of this invention is applied to a feeder, which is powered by several batteries connected in series, such as three No. 1 dry cell batteries. The rated operating voltage of the dry cell batteries is 0.9V to 1.5V, and the voltage range is 2.7V to 4.8V. These dry cell batteries serve as the first power supply for the aforementioned first power supply port. The controller of the power system of this invention is connected to the batteries of the feeder and can directly obtain the supply voltage of the feeder. Furthermore, a comparator configured in the controller is used to compare the voltage with a preset voltage threshold to determine the power level of the feeder.

[0041] In practical implementation, the aforementioned comparator is used to implement the LVD function of the controller. LVD, or Low Voltage Detection, is a built-in function of the microcontroller used to monitor the power supply voltage and trigger an interrupt or reset signal when the voltage drops to a preset threshold, protecting the microcontroller and system from abnormal operation or data loss due to insufficient power supply voltage. The controller of this invention has preset LVD trigger thresholds, including different voltage levels from 2.7 to 4.4V. Considering the battery's operating range of 2.9V to 4.8V, five thresholds—3.1, 3.3, 3.6, 4.0, and 4.4V—were selected. Based on this, the voltage can be displayed as a five-segment progress bar.

[0042] Furthermore, LVD supports resetting and interrupt generation, and the controller of this invention is equipped with an interrupt generation function. In interrupt handling, by changing the threshold setting and combining rising edge trigger enable and falling edge trigger enable, dry battery power detection can be effectively achieved. Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the LVD implementation of power detection is shown, illustrating the power detection logic when the threshold is 4.4V. Furthermore, Figure 6 A functional block diagram of LVD voltage detection is shown. Figure 6 In this circuit, VDD is the power supply port, i.e., the power supply terminal of the circuit. The LVD threshold is used to characterize the voltage threshold setpoint, used to detect situations where a certain voltage level is exceeded. A digital filter is used to smooth or suppress noise in the input signal. Trigger condition selection refers to the ability to trigger an operation (such as an interrupt or reset) under specific conditions. Interrupts and resets represent two potential operational outcomes: an interrupt is a process of temporarily halting program execution to handle higher-priority tasks; while a reset restores the entire system to its initial state. This circuit operates via a comparator, where the "-" and "+" pins are connected to the power supply VDD and other circuitry, respectively. When an LVD (low voltage detection) occurs, it sets the state of an internal register and may cause a hardware interrupt or system reset. The specific setting depends on the values ​​of certain bits in the LVD_CR register. In one implementation, the LVD_CR register has 32 bits, and the relevant function of each bit is configured as follows: Figure 7 .

[0043] This invention provides a power supply system that directly powers a microcontroller using a battery. The controller's built-in LVD module enables power detection, employing interrupt handling for fast response and good real-time performance. Furthermore, this invention utilizes a power supply device to power the controller and estimates the remaining power supply capacity based on changes in the supply voltage using the controller's LVD module. This is crucial for optimizing power usage strategies and providing early warnings of low battery conditions.

[0044] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, this utility model also provides a feeder, which includes a feeder body and the power system of the above embodiments installed in the feeder body. In a specific implementation, the feeder body adopts a combination power supply scheme of dry cell batteries and a power adapter, and these two power supplies are respectively connected to the controller of the power system so that the controller can obtain the voltage of the power supply to realize the above power detection. The specific power detection method can refer to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, the feeder may also include a display screen, which is connected to the controller and is used to display the power of the power supply detected by the controller.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of this utility model, used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, and not to limit it. The protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model. These modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, The power supply device is used to supply power to the controller, and includes a first power supply port, a second power supply port, and an output port; Wherein, the first power supply port is used to connect to the first power supply, the second power supply port is used to connect to the second power supply, and the output port is used to connect to the controller; The first power supply port and the second power supply port are respectively connected to the output port, and a switching device is provided on the connection path between the first power supply port and the output port; The control terminal of the switching device is connected to the second power supply port; The switching device is configured to be turned on when the first power supply is powered, so that the first power supply powers the controller, and to be turned off when the second power supply is powered, so that the second power supply powers the controller. The controller is equipped with a comparator; one input of the comparator is connected to the power supply port of the controller, and the other input is used to obtain a preset voltage threshold. The comparator is used to compare the power supply output by the power supply device with the voltage threshold, and output a comparison signal; The controller is also used to display the power level of the power supply according to the comparison signal.

2. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching device is a MOS device; the gate of the MOS device is connected to the second power supply port as the control terminal.

3. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first diode is provided on the connection path between the second power supply port and the output port, wherein the anode of the first diode is connected to the output port and the cathode is connected to the second power supply port.

4. The power supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A second diode is provided on the connection path between the second power supply port and the control terminal of the switching device, wherein the anode of the second diode is connected to the control terminal and the cathode is connected to the second power supply port.

5. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output port is equipped with a capacitor.

6. A power supply system, characterized in that, The controller of the power system is configured with a power supply device as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the output port of the power supply device is connected to the controller for supplying power to the controller.

7. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller is equipped with a power supply port, which is directly connected to the output port of the power supply device.

8. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller is also equipped with registers; The register is used to store the voltage threshold.

9. A feeder, characterized in that, The feeder includes a feeder body and a power system as described in any one of claims 6-8, installed in the feeder body.

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