Magnetic control double-arc-chamber cathode preposed plasma generator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a magnetron double-arc-chamber cathode preposed plasma generator, which comprises a water cooling chamber, a working gas chamber and a plasma chamber, cooling water is introduced into the cooling water chamber to cool the cathode part, the anode part, the front end cover, the cathode magnetic control coil and the anode magnetic control coil; working gas is introduced into the working gas chamber, and the working gas enters a gap between the cathode component and the anode component through gas channels of the rotational flow ring, the anode end cover and the insulating end cover to participate in ionization; the plasma chamber forms an ionization chamber of the working gas, a continuous plasma arc is formed between the cathode component and the anode component, and electrical energy is converted into thermal energy of the working gas while the heated gas and the plasma arc are ejected out of the cathode component. According to the utility model, the service life of the cathode part is prolonged, the replacement cost is reduced, and the problems of short service life, high replacement cost and the like in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of plasma technology, specifically relating to a magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-front plasma generator. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, plasma technology has been widely applied. Major application areas include plasma ignition, solid waste treatment, plasma spraying, plasma cutting, and metal smelting. The primary applications utilize the high temperature and oxidizing properties of plasma. Plasma is generated by a plasma generator. Inside the generator, electrical discharges cause working gas molecules to lose their outer electrons, forming ions. These ions then collide with each other, generating extremely high temperatures, which can reach tens of thousands of degrees Celsius.

[0003] The cathode of a plasma generator is the component that emits electrons. Due to the impact of the current and the high temperature of tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, the cathode component is rapidly eroded, resulting in a very short service life. An electric arc column exists between the anode and cathode. Because the arc column is extremely hot, it is divergent and generates current shunting, further contributing to the erosion of the cathode component. Current plasma generators typically have a feed power of 100kW-200kW, with a cathode lifespan of approximately 500 hours. High-power plasma generators have even shorter cathode component lifespans and significantly higher replacement costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-front plasma generator, which solves the problems of short service life and high replacement cost in the prior art.

[0005] According to the technical solution of this utility model, this utility model provides a magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode front plasma generator, which includes a water-cooled chamber, a working gas chamber and a plasma chamber;

[0006] Cooling water is introduced into the cooling water chamber to cool the cathode component, anode component, front end cover, cathode magnetron coil, and anode magnetron coil. Working gas is introduced into the working gas chamber and enters the gap between the cathode component and anode component through the gas channels of the swirl ring, anode end cover, and insulating end cover to participate in ionization. The plasma chamber forms the ionization chamber of the working gas, forming a continuous plasma arc between the cathode component and anode component, and converting electrical energy into heat energy of the working gas. At the same time, the heated gas and plasma arc jet out of the cathode component.

[0007] Preferably, the cooling water chamber further includes an inlet pipe chamber, a cooling water channel chamber opened by the anode end cap, an annular chamber composed of the anode magnetron coil and anode components, an axial cooling water channel chamber opened by the swirl ring, an annular chamber composed of the cathode magnetron coil and cathode components, an axial channel chamber opened by the cathode front end, a radial channel chamber opened by the front end cap, an annular chamber composed of the front end cap and the outer casing cap, an annular chamber composed of the outer casing and the inner pipe, and an outlet pipe chamber on the outer pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the cooling water enters through the inlet pipe, then flows along the cooling water chamber towards the front end, then reverses direction, and finally flows out through the outlet pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the working air chamber further includes an air inlet pipe, a rear end cap, an anode end cap, an anode component swirl ring, a cathode component, a front end cap, and an inner tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the working gas enters the plasma generator through the inlet pipe, and then fills the chamber consisting of the rear end cap, anode end cap, anode component, swirling ring, cathode component, front end cap and inner tube. It then flows through the radial passage opened in the swirling ring into the plasma chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the plasma chamber further includes an insulating end cap, an anode component, a swirling ring, and a cathode component. The working gas passes through the working gas chamber and then enters the plasma chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the plasma chamber is divided by a swirling ring, forming an upper chamber within the anode component and a lower chamber within the cathode component, thus constituting a dual-chamber plasma generator.

[0013] Preferably, a radial vent is provided in the anode end cap and the insulating end cap to introduce the working gas from the working gas chamber into the plasma chamber at the rear end of the cathode component.

[0014] Preferably, the positive terminal of the coil is the positive terminal of the magnetic control coil, and the negative terminal of the coil is the negative terminal of the magnetic control coil.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. This utility model provides a high-power and long-life plasma generator by setting a high-power dual-arc chamber magnetically controlled arc column and placing the cathode of the plasma generator in front.

[0017] 2. This utility model is applicable to high-power plasma generators, with power reaching 1MW or more.

[0018] 3. The cathode component of this utility model is divided into 3 parts, which can be replaced according to the erosion of the corresponding parts, saving replacement costs and relatively extending the service life of the cathode.

[0019] 4. This utility model is a structure that replaces the solid cathode component with a tubular hollow cathode component, which reduces the ablation rate and improves the service life.

[0020] 5. This utility model, in conjunction with the magnetic field controlling the arc column, extends the service life of the cathode component.

[0021] 6. This utility model adjusts the power of the plasma generator and the length of the ejected flame by adjusting the ratio of the working gas entering the double arc chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 1. Cathode front section; 2. Cathode middle section; 3. Cathode rear section; 4. Anode component; 5. Cathode magnetron coil; 6. Anode magnetron coil; 7. Swirl ring; 8. Anode end cap; 9. Rear end cap; 10. Front end cap; 11. Outer shell cap; 12. Outer shell; 13. Inner tube; 14. Coil positive terminal; 15. Coil negative terminal; 16. Air inlet pipe; 17. Water inlet pipe; 18. Water outlet pipe; 19. Sealing ring; 123. Cathode component; 20. Insulating end cap; 21. Cathode cable terminal; 22. Anode cable terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0026] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0027] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this utility model are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this utility model are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0029] This invention provides a magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator, which includes a water-cooled chamber, a working gas chamber, and a plasma chamber.

[0030] Cooling water is introduced into the cooling water chamber to cool and reduce the temperature of the cathode component 123, the anode component 4, the front cover 10, the cathode magnetron coil 5, and the anode magnetron coil 6.

[0031] Working gas is introduced into the working gas chamber and enters the gap between the cathode component 123 and the anode component 4 through the gas channels of the swirl ring 7, the anode end cap 8 and the insulating end cap 20 to participate in ionization;

[0032] The plasma chamber forms an ionization chamber for the working gas, creating a continuous plasma arc between the cathode component 123 and the anode component 4, converting electrical energy into thermal energy of the working gas, and simultaneously causing the heated gas and plasma arc to jet out of the cathode component 123.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 A magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-front plasma generator includes a cathode front section 1, a cathode middle section 2, a cathode rear section 3, an anode component 4, a cathode magnetic control coil 5, an anode magnetic control coil 6, a swirling ring 7, an anode end cap 8, a rear end cap 9, a front end cap 10, an outer shell cap 11, an outer shell 12, an inner tube 13, a coil positive terminal 14, a coil negative terminal 15, an air inlet pipe 16, a water inlet pipe 17, a water outlet pipe 18, a sealing ring 19, a cathode component 123, and an insulating end cap 20.

[0034] The cathode front section 1, together with the cathode middle section 2 and the cathode rear section 3, constitute the cathode component 123. The cathode front section 1, the cathode middle section 2 and the cathode rear section 3 can all be replaced individually.

[0035] The anode component 4 receives electrons under the influence of an electric field. The resulting electrons form an electric arc and, together with the cathode component 123, constitute a current loop, sustaining the electric arc. This process releases a large amount of heat energy, heating the carrier gas to several thousand to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius. The generated high-temperature gas and part of the electric arc are ejected from the nozzle at the front of the cathode.

[0036] The cathode magnetron coil 5 generates a magnetic field that causes electrons to rotate, confining them to a small radius. This prevents the cathode component from being burned off in one area, ensuring even burning and thus extending the cathode's lifespan.

[0037] The anode magnetron coil 6 generates a magnetic field that causes electrons to rotate, confining them to a small radius. This prevents the anode component from being burned off in one area, ensuring even burning and thus extending the anode's lifespan.

[0038] The swirl ring 7 introduces carrier gas tangentially into the cathode component 123 and the anode component 4, while allowing cooling water to flow along its axial direction.

[0039] The anode end cap 8 is the terminal block for introducing cooling water and the anode cable.

[0040] The rear end cap 9 presses and secures the various components of the plasma generator. It also forms channels for the inlet and outlet of carrier gas and cooling water.

[0041] The front cover 10 connects the cathode front section 1 and the outer cover 11, so that the generated current is introduced into the outer cover through the cathode front section and the front cover.

[0042] The outer cover 11 connects the front cover 10 and the outer cover 12, and is used to connect and press the various components inside the plasma generator together. It also forms a channel for cooling water and a carrier for the flow of electric current.

[0043] The outer casing 12 connects the outer casing cover 11 and the rear pressure cover 9, and presses the various components of the plasma generator together to form a channel for cooling water and a carrier for current flow.

[0044] The inner tube 13 is an insulating tube, forming a carrier gas channel and a cooling water channel.

[0045] The positive terminal 14 of the coil is used to connect the positive cable of the coil; the negative terminal 15 of the coil is used to connect the negative cable of the coil.

[0046] The air inlet pipe 16 is used to introduce carrier air; the water inlet pipe 17 is used to introduce cooling water; the water outlet pipe 18 is used to drain cooling water; and the sealing ring 19 blocks the flow of the corresponding carrier air and cooling water.

[0047] Under the influence of an electric field, the cathode component 123 generates mobile electrons. These electrons, in the form of an electric arc, form a current loop with the anode component 4, sustaining the arc. During this process, a large amount of heat energy is released, heating the carrier gas to several thousand to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius. The generated high-temperature gas and part of the electric arc are ejected from the nozzle at the front of the cathode.

[0048] The insulating end cap 20 is made of insulating and high-temperature resistant material, which separates the anode component 4 and the anode end cap, or introduces carrier gas.

[0049] like Figure 1As shown, the cathode front section 1 and cathode rear section 3 are fixed to the cathode middle section 2 by threads to form cathode component 123, and are sealed by corresponding sealing rings. The corresponding dots are the end faces of the sealing rings, and each component is equipped with a corresponding sealing ring. The cathode magnetron coil 5 is sleeved on the cathode component 123, and then the cathode magnetron coil 5 and the cathode component 123 are fixed together by the positioning stop of the front end cover 10. The vortex ring 7 uses the positioning stop to fix the other end of the cathode component 123 and the other end of the cathode magnetron coil 5 together. The anode magnetron coil 6 and the anode component 4 are fixed together by the positioning stop on the other side of the vortex ring 7. The insulating end cover is placed at the rear end of the anode component 4 and pressed by the anode end cover 8. The front end cover 10 is placed inside the outer shell end cover 11 and positioned by the positioning stop. The insulating tube 13 is also installed on the front end cover 10 by the positioning stop. The outer shell end cover 11 is provided with external threads, and both ends of the outer shell 12 are provided with internal threads. The outer shell end cover 11 and the outer shell 12 are positioned by the positioning stop and connected together by threads. The rear end of the outer casing 12 has a water outlet pipe 18. The rear end cap 9 positions the insulating tube 13 through a positioning stop, and then connects and fixes itself to the internal thread of the outer casing 12 through the positioning stop and its own external thread. Therefore, all components of the plasma generator are tightly connected together by the front end cap 10 and the rear end cap 9 to form a whole. Each pair of components has a corresponding sealing ring at the positioning stop, and the corresponding dots in the figure represent the end face of the sealing ring.

[0050] The cooling water chamber further includes an inlet pipe chamber 17, a cooling water channel chamber formed by the anode end cap 8, an annular chamber composed of the anode magnetron coil 6 and the anode component 4, an axial cooling water channel chamber formed by the swirl ring 7, an annular chamber composed of the cathode magnetron coil 5 and the cathode component 123, an axial channel chamber formed by the cathode front end 1, a radial channel chamber formed by the front end cap 10, an annular chamber composed of the front end cap 10 and the outer casing cap 11, an annular chamber composed of the outer casing 12 and the inner tube 13, and an outlet pipe chamber 18 on the outer casing 12. Cooling water enters through the inlet pipe, then flows along the cooling water chamber towards the front end, then reverses direction, and finally flows out through the outlet pipe 18.

[0051] The anode end cap 8 has a cooling water channel inside, which is circular; the swirl ring 7 has a cooling water channel along the axial direction; the cathode front section 1 has a cooling water channel along the axial direction; and the front end cap 10 has a cooling water channel along the radial direction.

[0052] The cathode magnetron coil 5 and the anode magnetron coil 6 are made of wound copper tubes, with cooling water channels for the magnetron coils inside the copper tubes. Cooling water enters from the inlet pipe 17, passes through the cooling water channel opened in the rear end cover 9, enters the cooling water channel of the anode magnetron coil 6, then passes through the cooling water channel of the cathode magnetron coil 5, and returns from the cooling water channel of the cathode magnetron coil 5 to the cooling water channel opened in the rear end cover 9. Finally, the cooling water flows out through the outlet pipe 18.

[0053] The working gas chamber further includes an inlet pipe 16, a rear end cap 9, an anode end cap 8, an anode component 4, a swirling ring 7, a cathode component 123, a front end cap 10, and an inner tube 13. The working gas is air, which enters the plasma generator through the inlet pipe 16 and then fills the chamber composed of the rear end cap 9, the anode end cap 8, the anode component 6, the swirling ring 7, the cathode component 123, the front end cap 10, and the inner tube 13. The working gas then flows through the radial passage opened in the swirling ring 7 into the plasma chamber.

[0054] The plasma chamber further includes an insulating end cap 20, an anode component 4, a swirling ring 7, and a cathode component 123. The working gas passes through the working gas chamber and then enters the plasma chamber. The plasma chamber is divided by the swirling ring 7, forming an upper chamber within the anode component 4 and a lower chamber within the cathode component 123, thus forming a dual-chamber plasma generator. Because the cathode component of other plasma generators is a single point, the arc column constantly erodes this point, and the cooling effect is poor, resulting in rapid, severe, and short-lived erosion of the cathode component. In this invention, the cathode component is a hollow tube, forming a cathode chamber. The arc column rotates continuously under the magnetic field generated by the magnetron coil, preventing erosion of any single point, resulting in uniform and less severe erosion, and therefore a very long service life.

[0055] Radial venting channels can be opened in the anode end cap 8 and the insulating end cap 20 to introduce the working gas from the working gas chamber into the plasma chamber at the rear end of the cathode component 4. By adjusting the number and diameter of the radial channels in the insulating end cap 20 and the swirl ring 7, the ratio of working gas entering the anode and cathode plasma chambers can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the power of the plasma generator and the length of the ejected flame.

[0056] Water inlet pipe 17 is the water inlet pipe for cooling water and also the terminal block for the anode cable. Cathode terminal block 21 is the terminal block for the cathode cable. Coil positive terminal block 14 is the positive terminal block for the magnetic control coil, and coil cathode terminal block 15 is the cathode terminal block for the magnetic control coil.

[0057] A method of using a magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-front plasma generator further includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S1: Connect the inlet and outlet water pipes to the cooling water pipeline. The cooling water will flow past the outside of the anode and cathode components to cool them. Connect the air inlet 16 to the air inlet pipe. The corresponding working gas will enter the plasma chamber and be ejected from the cathode front end 1. Adjust the flow rates of the working gas and cooling water.

[0059] Step S2: A high-frequency, high-voltage power supply (20,000 volts) is connected between the anode cable terminal 22 and the cathode cable terminal 21. The working gas ionizes under the high-frequency voltage, releasing a large amount of heat and forming plasma. The released heat is ejected through the working gas at the cathode front section 1. Therefore, the plasma generator produces plasma and ejects a large amount of heat, reaching temperatures of tens of thousands of degrees Celsius; this plasma is the electric arc column.

[0060] Step S3: Connect the AC magnetic control current to the positive terminal 14 and the negative terminal 15 of the coil. This causes the anode and cathode magnetic control coils to generate a magnetic field, which acts on the plasma, i.e., on the arc column. This causes the arc column to rotate and contract radially, preventing the arc column from remaining at a certain point on the anode and cathode components and causing long-term burning of the same spot, thus shortening the lifespan of the anode and cathode components.

[0061] Long-term usage experience has revealed that the rear section 3 and front section 1 of the cathode component 123 suffer from severe ablation and have a shorter lifespan, while the middle section 2 suffers less ablation and has a longer lifespan. If the cathode component 123 were made as a single unit, it would require replacement of all sections simultaneously, resulting in high costs. This invention divides the cathode component 123 into the front section 1, the middle section 2, and the rear section 3. Once a section experiences severe ablation and reaches its replacement lifespan, only that section needs to be replaced, while the other components can continue to be used. This relatively extends the lifespan of the cathode component and reduces replacement costs. Experience has shown that this type of plasma generator can achieve a power output of 600 kW, and the cathode component can achieve a lifespan of approximately 1500 hours.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator, characterized in that, It includes a water cooling chamber, a working gas chamber and a plasma chamber; the cooling water chamber is circulated with cooling water to cool and reduce the temperature of the cathode component (123), the anode component (4), the front end cover (10), the cathode magnetron coil (5) and the anode magnetron coil (6); Working gas is introduced into the working gas chamber and enters the gap between the cathode component (123) and the anode component (4) through the gas channels of the swirling ring (7), the anode end cap (8) and the insulating end cap (20) to participate in ionization; The plasma chamber forms an ionization chamber for the working gas, forming a continuous plasma arc between the cathode component (123) and the anode component (4), converting electrical energy into thermal energy of the working gas, while simultaneously causing the heated gas and plasma arc to jet out of the cathode component (123).

2. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling water chamber further includes the chamber of the inlet pipe (17), the cooling water passage chamber opened by the anode end cap (8), the annular chamber composed of the anode magnetron coil (6) and the anode component (4), the axial cooling water passage chamber opened by the swirl ring (7), the annular chamber composed of the cathode magnetron coil (5) and the cathode component (123), the axial passage chamber opened by the cathode front end (1), the radial passage chamber opened by the front end cap (10), the annular chamber composed of the front end cap (10) and the outer shell cap (11), the annular chamber composed of the outer shell (12) and the inner tube (13), and the water outlet pipe (18) chamber on the outer shell (12).

3. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 2, characterized in that, Cooling water enters through the inlet pipe (17), then flows along the cooling water chamber towards the front end, then reverses direction, and finally flows out through the outlet pipe (18).

4. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working air chamber further includes an air inlet pipe (16), a rear end cap (9), an anode end cap (8), an anode component (4), a swirl ring (7), a cathode component (123), a front end cap (10), and an inner tube (13).

5. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The working gas enters the plasma generator through the inlet pipe (16) and then fills the chamber consisting of the rear end cover (9), the anode end cover (8), the anode component (4), the swirling ring (7), the cathode component (123), the front end cover (10), and the inner tube (13). It then flows through the radial passage opened in the swirling ring (7) into the plasma chamber.

6. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma chamber further includes an insulating end cap (20), an anode component (4), a swirling ring (7), and a cathode component (123).

7. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The working gas passes through the working gas chamber and then enters the plasma chamber.

8. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plasma chamber is divided by a swirling ring (7), forming an upper chamber in the anode component (4) and a lower chamber in the cathode component (123), thus forming a dual-chamber plasma generator.

9. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A radial ventilation channel is opened in the anode end cap (8) and the insulating end cap (20) to introduce the working gas of the working gas chamber into the plasma chamber at the rear end of the cathode component (4) through the channel.

10. The magnetically controlled dual-arc chamber cathode-fronted plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive terminal (14) of the coil is the positive terminal of the magnetic control coil, and the negative terminal (15) of the coil is the negative terminal of the magnetic control coil.

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