Updraft gasification furnace adopting heat pipe cooling anti-slagging fire grate and injection type combustor

Abstract

The utility model discloses an updraft gasifier adopting a heat pipe cooling anti-slagging fire grate and an injection burner, which relate to the technical field of gasifiers, and comprise a gasifier body, a gasification chamber is arranged in the gasifier body, a fire grate is arranged in the gasification chamber, the fire grate is provided with a gasification air duct and a fire grate upper plate, and an inlet of the gasification air duct is communicated with a gasification fan. The gasification air duct is provided with a gasification air outlet hole with an opening facing the upper surface of the fire grate upper plate; the heat pipe is used for dissipating heat of the fire grate and comprises an evaporation section installed in the fire grate and a condensation section communicated with the evaporation section, the condensation section extends out of the gasification chamber and is installed in the combustion-supporting air pipe, and an inlet of the combustion-supporting air pipe is communicated with an air blower; combustible gas generated by the gasification furnace is preheated in the channels around the furnace body and then enters the combustor to be combusted, the output temperature of the gas is higher, and the defects that an updraft gasification furnace used at present is not easy to ignite and easy to extinguish and the like can be overcome.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of gasification furnace, concretely relates to a kind of upper suction type gasification furnace and ejector burner of anti-slagging grate using heat pipe cooling. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biomass fuel is rich in alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, which directly affects the ash melting point of biomass fuel, which is often low, and is particularly prone to slagging during direct combustion, gasification and other heat utilization processes, seriously affecting the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchange tube bundle.

[0003] Chinese invention patent with application number 202410932298.3 proposes a water-cooled anti-slagging gasification combustion air outlet structure and its control method, as shown in Figure 2 The method uses a single grate and a double grate stack combination to reduce direct contact between the ash and the local high temperature area. The ash temporarily stored in the groove 32 is cooled by the water-cooled grate surface to prevent slagging from spreading. The grate 7 is cooled by spraying water into the cooling channel 31 of the grate 7. After the gasification air exits the outlet of the grate 7, it is blown in a direction parallel to the surface of the grate 7. The downstream concave surface or groove 32 can force more air to flow from the area below the fuel 33 close to the surface of the grate 7, thereby forcing this area to become a local maximum temperature area 34, significantly reducing the local high temperature in the fuel 33, and effectively suppressing slagging. The Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction and temperature distribution of the traditional grate, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction and temperature of the new grate after forced air turning.

[0004] The principle of the upper suction type biomass gasification furnace is that the biomass particle fuel enters the gasification chamber through the feed device at the top of the furnace, and the gasification agent is added through the inlet at the bottom of the furnace. The direction of gas flow is opposite to the direction of fuel movement. The biomass fuel flowing downward is dried, cracked and gasified by the hot gas flowing upward, thereby obtaining combustible gas for the burner. The disadvantages of the upper suction type biomass gasification furnace are low heat value of the produced gas and high tar content, which leads to difficulties in igniting the gas and easy extinguishing.

[0005] The above existing patent provides a new idea for the air outlet mode of the grate, which can better concentrate the combustion zone of the fuel in the area close to the surface of the grate, and prevent high temperature slagging in the combustion zone by cooling the grate. However, this scheme mainly uses water cooling to cool the grate, and for equipment that does not require hot water, there is no external circulating water to cool the surface of the grate, which will inevitably cause waste, and also does not solve the shortcomings of the upper suction type biomass gasification furnace. Utility model content

[0006] The utility model discloses a kind of upper suction gasifier of anti-slagging grate of heat pipe cooling and ejector burner, combustible gas generated by gasifier is preheated in the passage around furnace body, then, it enters burner to burn, and the output temperature of gas is higher, which can avoid the current use of upper suction gasifier "not easy to ignite, easy to extinguish" and other deficiencies.

[0007] The utility model discloses a furnace body, gasification chamber is equipped in furnace body, the below of gasification chamber is equipped with ash bucket, and ash bucket is equipped with ash outlet;It further includes hopper, hopper is connected with feeding device, and furnace grate is installed in gasification chamber, and furnace grate is equipped with gasification air duct and furnace grate upper plate, the inlet of gasification air duct is communicated with gasification fan, and gasification air duct is equipped with gasification air outlet hole with opening towards the upper surface of furnace grate upper plate;It further includes heat pipe for radiating furnace grate, and heat pipe includes evaporation section installed in furnace grate, and condensation section communicated with evaporation section, and condensation section extends to gasification chamber outside and is installed in combustion air pipe, and the inlet of combustion air pipe is communicated with air blower;

[0008] The rear wall of furnace body is equipped with rear wall passage, and the left and right sidewalls of furnace body are equipped with side wall passage, and the front wall of furnace body is equipped with front wall passage, and rear wall passage, side wall passage and front wall passage are communicated with each other;The upper portion of gasification chamber is equipped with gas outlet, and gas outlet is communicated with rear wall passage, and the outlet of front wall passage is connected with the gas inlet of burner.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of furnace grates are fixedly installed on a support made of gasification air supply pipe, the inlet of the gasification air supply pipe is communicated with the gasification fan through a flexible pipe, and the outlet of the gasification air supply pipe is communicated with the gasification air duct.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are arranged on the condensation section in an interval.

[0011] Preferably, a wind deflector is arranged above the gasification air outlet hole, and the wind deflector is arranged in parallel with the furnace grate upper plate.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of furnace grates are arranged in an interval in parallel in the gasification chamber, and an ash falling port is formed between two adjacent furnace grates.

[0013] Preferably, the furnace grate upper plate is arranged in an inclination towards the ash falling port.

[0014] An ejector burner installed on the upper suction gasifier is provided, and the burner is equipped with a gas pipe, the gas pipe is sleeved with a combustion pipe, and the gas inlet of the burner is communicated with the outlet of the front wall passage;The burner is further equipped with a primary air pipe and a secondary air pipe for providing combustion-supporting air for the gas, the primary air pipe is communicated with the gas pipe, the secondary air pipe is communicated with the combustion pipe, and the inlets of the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe are communicated with the outlet of the combustion air pipe.

[0015] In summary, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1, the surface of the grate is provided with a groove, the groove is arranged along the air outlet direction of the gasification air outlet hole; the air generated by the gasification fan first enters the gasification air duct of each grate, is sprayed into the gasification chamber along the direction parallel to the surface of the grate through the gasification air outlet hole, and is blown out along the groove on the surface of the grate, so that more air flows through the area close to the surface of the grate from below the fuel, the fuel is decomposed, and thus the area is forced to become a local highest temperature area, the temperature is conveniently reduced through the grate, the air is blown from below the grate in the upward direction as in the traditional gasification furnace, so that high temperature is generated at the upper part and cannot be cooled in time, and the high-temperature slagging phenomenon is generated;

[0017] 2, the furnace body is provided with a rear wall passage, a side wall passage and a front wall passage, the gas outlet is arranged on the rear wall, the combustible gas generated in the gasification chamber is discharged from the gas outlet, sequentially passes through the rear wall passage, the side wall passage and the front wall passage, absorbs heat in the passages, is preheated in the passages, and finally enters the gas inlet of the burner through the outlet of the front wall passage and is burned in the burner, so that the outlet temperature of the gas is higher, and thus the deficiencies of the current updraft gasification furnace, such as difficult ignition and easy flameout, can be overcome;

[0018] 3, the grate is cooled in a heat pipe cooling mode, the temperature of the surface of the grate can be quickly reduced, the heat pipe cooling mode is more suitable for the case that the stove does not use water, and heat loss caused by the fact that hot water produced by water cooling has no place to use can be avoided; compared with the cooling mode of strong exhaust air cooling, the heat pipe cooling mode can expand the heat dissipation area through the condensation section of the heat pipe, so that the heat dissipation speed of the evaporation section is accelerated, and the cooling effect on the grate is better;

[0019] 4, the lower part of the grate is provided with a power mechanism, the power mechanism can drive the grate to make linear reciprocating motion, so that the fuel bridge is eliminated, and slag breaking and ash removal are facilitated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is an air outlet flow direction and temperature distribution diagram of the traditional grate described in the background art;

[0021] Figure 2 It is an air outlet flow direction and temperature diagram of the new grate forced air turning of the patent cited in the background art;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a structure diagram of the updraft gasification furnace of the utility model adopting the heat pipe cooling anti-slagging grate and provided with an ejector type burner;

[0023] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 the left view;

[0024] Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the grate.

[0025] In the figure: 1, furnace body; 2, gasification chamber; 3, ash hopper; 4, ash discharge port; 5, hopper; 6, feeding device; 7, grate; 701, gasification air duct; 702, upper grate plate; 703, gasification air outlet; 704, air guide plate; 8, gasification air blower; 9, heat pipe; 901, evaporation section; 902, condensation section; 903, heat dissipation fin; 10, combustion air pipe; 11, air blower; 12, rear wall passage; 13, side wall passage; 14, front wall passage; 15, gas outlet; 16, gasification air supply pipe; 17, flexible pipe; 18, ash discharge port; 19, burner; 1901, gas pipe; 1902, combustion pipe; 1903, primary air pipe; 1904, secondary air pipe; 1905, nozzle; 1906, regulating valve; 20, heat conduction fin; 21, straight push rod; 22, guide sleeve; 23, crank connecting rod; 24, reciprocating motor; 25, roller; 26, guide rail; 27, heat conduction filler; 28, feeding pipe; 31, cooling passage; 32, groove; 33, fuel; 34, high temperature area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present utility model will be further described below in combination with the drawings.

[0027] The directions involved in the present specification are based on the normal working directions of the present utility model, an updraft gasification furnace with heat pipe cooled anti-coking grate and an ejector type burner, and are not limited to the directions during storage and transportation, and only represent relative positional relationships, not absolute positional relationships.

[0028] As Figures 3 to 5 Commonly shown, an updraft gasification furnace with heat pipe cooled anti-coking grate, comprising a furnace body 1, the furnace body 1 is provided with a gasification chamber 2; further comprising a hopper 5, the hopper 5 is connected with a feeding device 6, the feeding device 6 is provided with a feeding pipe 28 which is deep into the gasification chamber 2, which can prevent the fuel 33 from entering the gas outlet 15 by mistake; the hopper 5 is used for storing the fuel 33, the biomass particle fuel 33 enters into the gasification chamber 2 through the feeding device 6 on the top of the furnace, the gasification agent is added from the bottom air inlet, the direction of gas flow is opposite to the direction of fuel 33 movement, the downward flowing biomass fuel 33 is dried, cracked and gasified by the upward flowing hot gas, so as to obtain combustible gas for the burner 19.

[0029] The gasification chamber 2 is provided with a plurality of grates 7 which are arranged in parallel at intervals in the gasification chamber 2, the upper part of the grate 7 is used for burning fuel 33, and the lower part of the grate 7 is provided with an ash hopper 3 which is used for temporarily storing the ash generated by burning, the ash hopper 3 is provided with an ash discharge port 4 which is used for discharging the ash in the ash hopper 3; the space between two adjacent grates 7 forms an ash falling port 18, the ash generated by burning the fuel 33 falls into the ash hopper 3 through the ash falling port 18 between the two adjacent grates 7 and is discharged through the ash discharge port 4; the grate upper plate 702 is arranged obliquely towards the ash falling port 18, and the obliquely arranged grate upper plate 702 is more conducive to the movement of the ash under the action of gravity to the ash falling port 18 and finally discharged through the ash falling port 18.

[0030] The gasification air duct 701 is provided with a plurality of gasification air outlet holes 703 which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the gasification air duct 701 and whose openings are directed towards the upper surface of the grate upper plate 702; the inlet of the gasification air duct 701 is communicated with a gasification air blower 8, the air generated by the gasification air blower 8 enters into the gasification air duct 701 of each grate 7 through a gasification air supply pipe 16, and then is sprayed into the gasification chamber 2 through the gasification air outlet holes 703 in a direction parallel to the surface of the grate 7, so that the high polymer of the biomass in the gasification chamber 2 is decomposed by the action of the gasification air to generate small-molecule hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane and other gases.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2 The surface of the grate 7 is provided with a groove 32 which is arranged along the air outlet direction of the gasification air outlet hole 703; the upper part of the gasification air outlet hole 703 is provided with a wind deflector 704 which is arranged in parallel with the grate upper plate 702, so that the air blown out from the gasification air outlet hole 703 is parallel to the surface direction of the grate 7 and is blown along the groove 32 on the surface of the grate 7, which promotes more air to flow from the area below the fuel 33 close to the surface of the grate 7, so as to force this area to become a local highest temperature area 34, which facilitates the rapid cooling of the fuel 33 by the grate 7 and prevents the generation of high-temperature slagging phenomenon.

[0032] The rear wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a rear wall passage 12, the left and right side walls of the furnace body 1 are provided with side wall passages 13, and the front side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a front wall passage 14, and the rear wall passage 12, the side wall passage 13 and the front wall passage 14 are communicated with each other; the upper part of the gasification chamber 2 is provided with a fuel gas outlet 15, and a material blocking net is arranged at the fuel gas outlet 15 to prevent the fuel 33 from overflowing; the fuel gas outlet 15 is communicated with the rear wall passage 12, and the outlet of the front wall passage 14 is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the burner 19; the combustible fuel gas generated in the gasification chamber 2 is discharged from the fuel gas outlet 15, sequentially passes through the rear wall passage 12, the side wall passage 13 and the front wall passage 14, absorbs heat in the passages, is preheated in the passages, and finally enters the fuel gas inlet of the burner 19 through the outlet of the front wall passage 14, is combusted in the burner 19, so that the outlet temperature of the fuel gas is higher, thereby overcoming the defects of the current updraft gasification furnace, such as "not easy to ignite and easy to extinguish".

[0033] Preferably, heat conduction fins 20 are arranged on the inner side of the furnace wall of the passage, so that the heat conduction effect of the furnace wall is better, and the heat in the gasification chamber 2 can be better transmitted to the passage to preheat the fuel gas.

[0034] Further, the heat pipe 9 for radiating the grate 7 is further included, the heat pipe 9 includes an evaporation section 901 installed in the grate 7 to radiate the grate 7, and a condensation section 902 in communication with the evaporation section 901 to radiate the evaporation section 901; the evaporation section 901 is filled with an appropriate amount of working medium, preferably, the working medium is water in the present scheme, and the working medium can also be other substances in the remaining schemes; the evaporation section 901 and the condensation section 902 of the heat pipe 9 are connected with a capillary tube, when the evaporation section 901 is heated, the working medium evaporates in the evaporation section 901, absorbs heat and is converted into steam, and the steam is transmitted to the condensation section 902 through the capillary tube; the condensation section 902 is vertically arranged with the evaporation section 901, and is arranged in the combustion-supporting air pipe 10 outside the left and right side walls of the furnace body 1, the combustion-supporting air pipe 10 is arranged outside the side wall passage 13, the combustion-supporting air pipe 10 is provided with a combustion-supporting air passage for the combustion-supporting air to pass through, the air blower 11 blows air to the inlet of the combustion-supporting air pipe 10, so as to take away the heat on the surface of the condensation section 902 installed in the combustion-supporting air pipe 10 to cool the condensation section 902; the steam is cooled and condensed into liquid in the condensation section 902, releases the absorbed heat, and returns to the evaporation section 901 by gravity to start the cycle again, thereby realizing the temperature reduction of the grate 7.

[0035] The combustion-supporting air from the combustion-supporting air pipe 10 enters the burner 19 to support the combustion of the fuel gas; the combustion-supporting air absorbs the heat of the condensation section 902 in the combustion-supporting air pipe 10, is preheated and then enters the burner 19, so that the temperature of the combustion-supporting air is higher and the heat of the fuel gas is not absorbed, which is actually temperature reduction.

[0036] Further, a plurality of heat dissipation fins 903 are arranged on the condensing section 902 at intervals, so that the heat dissipation area of the condensing section 902 is larger, the heat dissipation speed is faster, and the heat dissipation effect is better, so that the heat of the evaporating section 901 can be taken away faster, and the cooling effect of the evaporating section 901 on the grate 7 is better.

[0037] Further, the four sides of the evaporating section 901 in the grate 7 are also filled with heat-conducting filler 27, so that the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel 33 on the grate upper plate 702 can be better conducted to the evaporating section 901 and dissipated.

[0038] Further, the grate 7 is fixedly connected to a support made of the gasification air supply pipe 16, the inlet of the gasification air supply pipe 16 is communicated with the gasification air fan 8 through a flexible pipe 17, the outlet of the gasification air supply pipe 16 is communicated with the gasification air passage 701 to provide gasification agent for the gasification chamber 2; the lower part of the gasification air supply pipe 16 is provided with a roller 25, the lower part of the roller 25 is provided with a guide rail 26, the gasification air supply pipe 16 is connected to a straight push rod 21, the straight push rod 21 is connected to a guide sleeve 22, the straight push rod 21 is connected to a crank connecting rod 23, and the crank connecting rod 23 is connected to a reciprocating motor 24; under the pushing of the reciprocating motor 24, the gasification air supply pipe 16 makes reciprocating movement with the grate 7, so as to eliminate the bridging of the fuel 33 and facilitate slag breaking and ash removal.

[0039] Correspondingly, when the grate 7 makes reciprocating movement, the heat pipe 9 fixedly connected thereto also makes reciprocating movement, and the combustion air pipe 10 outside the condensing section 902 also makes reciprocating movement, so that the connection between the combustion air pipe 10 and the combustion air inlet of the blower 11 and the burner 19 should also be connected by a flexible pipe 17.

[0040] An ejector burner installed on the updraft gasification furnace as described above, the burner 19 is provided with a gas pipe 1901, the gas pipe 1901 is sleeved with a combustion pipe 1902, and the gas inlet of the burner 19 is communicated with the outlet of the front wall passage 14; the burner 19 is also provided with a primary air pipe 1903 and a secondary air pipe 1904 for providing combustion air for the gas, the distal end of the primary air pipe 1903 is provided with a nozzle 1905 arranged in the gas pipe 1901, the secondary air pipe 1904 is communicated with the combustion pipe 1902, and the secondary air pipe 1904 is provided with an adjusting valve 1906 for adjusting the size of the combustion air; the combustion air from the outlet of the front wall passage 14 is divided into two streams, the first stream enters the gas pipe 1901 through the primary air pipe 1903, mixes with the gas, and then enters the combustion pipe 1902 through the outlet of the gas pipe 1901 to burn, and the second stream enters the combustion pipe 1902 through the secondary air pipe 1904 to assist combustion, so that the combustion of the gas is more complete.

[0041] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the utility model, the utility model is also not limited to the above examples, the changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by the person skilled in the art within the essential scope of the utility model should also belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A top-suction gasifier employing a heat pipe-cooled anti-slagging grate, comprising a furnace body (1), wherein a gasification chamber (2) is provided inside the furnace body (1), and an ash hopper (3) is provided below the gasification chamber (2), wherein the ash hopper (3) is provided with an ash discharge port (4); further comprising a hopper (5), wherein the hopper (5) is connected to a feeding device (6), characterized in that: The gasification chamber (2) is provided with a grate (7) having a gasification air duct (701) and a grate upper plate (702), the inlet of the gasification air duct (701) is communicated with a gasification air blower (8), the gasification air duct (701) is provided with a gasification air outlet hole (703) with an opening facing the upper surface of the grate upper plate (702); further comprising a heat pipe (9) for heat dissipation of the grate (7), the heat pipe (9) comprises an evaporation section (901) installed in the grate (7), and a condensation section (902) communicated with the evaporation section (901), the condensation section (902) extends out of the gasification chamber (2) and is installed in a combustion air duct (10), the inlet of the combustion air duct (10) is communicated with a blower (11); The rear wall of the furnace body (1) is provided with a rear wall passage (12), the left and right side walls of the furnace body (1) are provided with side wall passages (13), and the front side wall of the furnace body (1) is provided with a front wall passage (14), the rear wall passage (12), the side wall passage (13) and the front wall passage (14) are communicated with each other; the upper portion of the gasification chamber (2) is provided with a gas outlet (15), the gas outlet (15) is communicated with the rear wall passage (12), and the outlet of the front wall passage (14) is connected with the gas inlet of a burner (19).

2. A gasifier employing a hot-pipe cooled anti- slagging grate according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of grates (7) are fixedly installed on a support made of a gasification air supply duct (16), the inlet of the gasification air supply duct (16) is communicated with the gasification air blower (8) through a flexible pipe (17), and the outlet of the gasification air supply duct (16) is communicated with the gasification air duct (701); the gasification air supply duct (16) drives the grates (7) to reciprocate under the action of external power.

3. A gasifier employing a heat pipe cooled anti-slaging grate according to claim 1 wherein: A plurality of heat dissipation fins (903) are arranged on the condensation section (902) in an interval manner.

4. A gasifier employing a hot-pipe cooled anti- slagging grate according to claim 1 wherein: An air guide plate (704) is arranged above the gasification air outlet hole (703) and is arranged in parallel with the grate upper plate (702).

5. A gasifier employing a hot-pipe cooled anti- slagging grate according to claim 1 wherein: The grate (7) is provided with a plurality of grates (7) arranged in an interval and parallel manner in the gasification chamber (2), and a dust falling port (18) is formed between two adjacent grates (7).

6. A gasifier employing a hot-pipe cooled anti- slagging grate according to claim 5, wherein: The grate upper plate (702) is arranged in an inclined manner towards the dust falling port (18).

7. An ejector burner to be installed in the updraft gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The burner (19) is provided with a gas pipe (1901), the gas pipe (1901) is sleeved with a combustion pipe (1902), the gas inlet of the burner (19) is communicated with the outlet of the front wall passage (14); the burner (19) is further provided with a primary air pipe (1903) and a secondary air pipe (1904) for providing combustion air for the gas, the primary air pipe (1903) is communicated with the gas pipe (1901), the secondary air pipe (1904) is communicated with the combustion pipe (1902), and the inlets of the primary air pipe (1903) and the secondary air pipe (1904) are communicated with the outlet of the combustion air duct (10).

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