Updraft gasifier adopting water-cooling anti-slagging fire grate and injection burner

Abstract

The utility model discloses an updraft gasifier adopting a water-cooling anti-slagging fire grate and an injection burner, which relate to the technical field of gasifiers and comprise a gasifier body, a gasification chamber is arranged in the gasifier body, an ash hopper is arranged below the gasification chamber, and an ash discharge port is formed in the ash hopper; the hopper is connected with a feeding device, a fire grate is installed in the gasification chamber and provided with a gasification air channel, a water cooling channel and a fire grate upper plate, an inlet of the gasification air channel is communicated with a gasification fan, and the gasification air channel is provided with a gasification air outlet hole with an opening facing the upper surface of the fire grate upper plate; the fire grate is cooled in a water cooling mode, the phenomenon of high-temperature slag bonding is prevented, and the water-cooled fire grate is suitable for stove scenes with hot water using requirements. Meanwhile, combustible gas generated by the gasification furnace is preheated in the channels around the furnace body and then enters the combustor to be combusted, the output temperature of the fuel gas is higher, and the defects that an updraft gasification furnace used at present is not easy to ignite and easy to extinguish and the like can be overcome.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of gasification furnace, concretely relates to a kind of upper suction type gasification furnace and ejector burner using water-cooled anti-slagging grate. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biomass fuel is rich in alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, which directly affects the ash melting point of biomass fuel, which is often low, and is particularly prone to slagging during direct combustion, gasification and other heat utilization processes, severely affecting the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchange tube bundle.

[0003] Chinese invention patent with application number 202410932298.3 proposes a water-cooled anti-slagging gasification combustion air outlet structure and its control method, as shown in Figure 2 The method uses a single layer of grate and a double layer of grate to reduce direct contact between the ash and the local high temperature area, and the ash temporarily stored in the groove 32 is cooled by the water-cooled grate surface to prevent slagging from spreading. The method uses water cooling in the cooling channel 31 of the grate 7 to cool the grate 7. After the gasification air exits the outlet of the grate 7, it is blown in a direction parallel to the surface of the grate 7. The downstream concave surface or groove 32 can force more air to flow from the area below the fuel 33 close to the surface of the grate 7, thereby forcing this area to become a local maximum temperature area 34, significantly reducing the local high temperature in the fuel 33, and effectively suppressing slagging. The Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction and temperature distribution of the traditional grate, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction and temperature distribution of the new grate after forced air turning.

[0004] The principle of the upper suction type biomass gasification furnace is that the biomass particle fuel enters the gasification chamber through the feed device at the top of the furnace, and the gasification agent is added through the inlet at the bottom of the furnace. The direction of gas flow is opposite to the direction of fuel movement. The biomass fuel flowing downward is dried, cracked and gasified by the hot gas flowing upward, thereby obtaining combustible gas for the burner. The disadvantages of the upper suction type biomass gasification furnace are low heat value of the produced gas and high tar content, which leads to difficulties in igniting the gas and easy extinguishing.

[0005] The above existing patent provides a new way of air outlet for the grate, which can better concentrate the combustion area of the fuel close to the surface of the grate, and prevent high temperature slagging in the combustion area by cooling the grate. However, its structure is complex and not easy to be widely applied. It is not suitable for the use scenario of gasification furnace with hot water usage demand such as boiler, and it does not solve the disadvantages of the upper suction type biomass gasification furnace. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0006] The utility model discloses a kind of upper suction gasifier and ejector burner of water-cooled anti-slagging grate, cooling is carried out to grate in the mode of water cooling, prevent the occurrence of high-temperature slagging phenomenon, suitable for the stove scene of hot water use demand;Simultaneously, combustible gas generated by gasifier is preheated in the passage around furnace body, then enters burner to burn, and the output temperature of fuel gas is higher, which can avoid the deficiencies of the currently used upper suction gasifier, such as "not easy to ignite, easy to extinguish".

[0007] The utility model discloses a furnace body is equipped with gasification chamber in it, and the lower side of gasification chamber is equipped with ash bucket, and ash bucket is equipped with ash outlet;It further includes hopper, and hopper is connected with feeding device, and gasification chamber is equipped with grate, and the grate is equipped with gasification air duct, water cooling channel and grate upper plate, and the inlet of gasification air duct is communicated with gasification fan, and gasification air duct is equipped with gasification air outlet hole with the opening towards the upper surface of grate upper plate;

[0008] The rear wall of furnace body is equipped with rear wall channel, and the left and right side walls of furnace body are equipped with side wall channel, and the front wall of furnace body is equipped with front wall channel, and rear wall channel, side wall channel and front wall channel are communicated with each other;The upper side of gasification chamber is equipped with gas outlet, and gas outlet is communicated with rear wall channel, and the outlet of front wall channel is connected with the gas inlet of burner.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of grates are fixedly installed on a bracket made of gasification air supply pipe, the inlet of the gasification air supply pipe is communicated with the gasification fan through a flexible pipe, and the outlet of the gasification air supply pipe is communicated with the gasification air duct.

[0010] Preferably, a wind deflector is arranged above the gasification air outlet hole and is arranged in parallel with the grate upper plate.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of grates are arranged in the gasification chamber in parallel at intervals, and an ash falling port is formed between two adjacent grates.

[0012] Preferably, the grate upper plate is arranged to be inclined towards the ash falling port.

[0013] An ejector burner is installed on the upper suction gasifier described above, the burner is equipped with a gas pipe, the gas pipe is sleeved with a combustion pipe, and the gas inlet of the burner is communicated with the outlet of the front wall channel;The burner is further equipped with a primary air pipe and a secondary air pipe for providing combustion-supporting air for the gas, the primary air pipe is communicated with the gas pipe, the secondary air pipe is communicated with the combustion pipe, and the inlets of the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe are both communicated with a blower.

[0014] In summary, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The surface of the grate is provided with a groove, the groove is arranged along the air outlet direction of the gasification air outlet hole; the air generated by the gasification fan first enters the gasification air duct of each grate, and is sprayed into the gasification chamber along the direction parallel to the surface of the grate through the gasification air outlet hole, and is blown out along the groove on the surface of the grate, so that more air flows through the area close to the surface of the grate from below the fuel, the fuel is decomposed, so that this area becomes a local highest temperature area, the temperature of the upper part of the grate is reduced, and the high temperature slagging phenomenon is avoided; the air is blown from below the grate in the traditional gasification furnace, so that the upper part generates high temperature and cannot be cooled in time;

[0016] 2. The furnace body is provided with a rear wall passage, a side wall passage and a front wall passage, the gas outlet is arranged on the rear wall, the combustible gas generated in the gasification chamber is discharged from the gas outlet, and then passes through the rear wall passage, the side wall passage and the front wall passage in sequence, absorbs heat in the passages, and finally enters the gas inlet of the burner through the outlet of the front wall passage after being preheated in the passages, and is burned in the burner, so that the outlet temperature of the gas is higher, and the problems of "difficult to ignite and easy to extinguish" of the current updraft gasification furnace can be overcome;

[0017] 3. The grate is cooled in a water cooling mode, the temperature of the surface of the grate can be quickly reduced, the cooling speed is faster, the cooling effect is better, and after the cooling water absorbs the heat of the grate in the water cooling passage, the subsequent water-using equipment such as a boiler can use the cooling water, so that the heat is not wasted;

[0018] 4. The lower part of the grate is provided with a power mechanism, the power mechanism can drive the grate to make linear reciprocating motion, so as to eliminate the bridge of the fuel and facilitate slag breaking and ash removal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is an air outlet flow direction and temperature distribution diagram of the traditional grate described in the background art;

[0020] Figure 2 It is an air outlet flow direction and temperature diagram of the new grate forced air turning of the patent cited in the background art;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structure diagram of the updraft gasification furnace adopting the water-cooled anti-slagging grate and provided with an ejector burner;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a left view of Figure 3 ;

[0023] Figure 5 It is an enlarged view of the grate.

[0024] In the figure: 1, furnace body; 2, gasification chamber; 3, ash bucket; 4, ash discharge port; 5, hopper; 6, feeding device; 7, grate; 701, gasification air duct; 702, upper grate plate; 703, gasification air outlet; 704, air guide plate; 705, water cooling channel; 8, gasification air blower; 9, water supply main pipe; 12, rear wall channel; 13, side wall channel; 14, front wall channel; 15, fuel gas outlet; 16, gasification air supply pipe; 17, flexible pipe; 18, ash discharge port; 19, burner; 1901, fuel gas pipe; 1902, combustion pipe; 1903, primary air pipe; 1904, secondary air pipe; 1905, nozzle; 1906, regulating valve; 20, heat conduction fin; 21, straight push rod; 22, guide sleeve; 23, crank connecting rod; 24, reciprocating motor; 25, roller; 26, guide rail; 27, air blower; 28, feeding pipe; 31, cooling channel; 32, groove; 33, fuel; 34, high-temperature area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The utility model will be further described below in combination with the drawings.

[0026] The directions involved in the specification are based on the normal working direction of the upper suction type gasification furnace with water-cooled anti-slagging grate and the ejector type burner, and are not limited to the directions during storage and transportation, and only represent relative positional relationships, not absolute positional relationships.

[0027] As Figures 3 to 5 Commonly shown, an upper suction type gasification furnace with heat pipe-cooled anti-slagging grate, comprising a furnace body 1, the furnace body 1 is internally provided with a gasification chamber 2; further comprising a hopper 5, the hopper 5 is connected with a feeding device 6, the feeding device 6 is provided with a feeding pipe 28 extending into the gasification chamber 2, which can prevent the fuel 33 from entering the fuel gas outlet 15 by mistake; the hopper 5 is used for storing the fuel 33, the biomass particle fuel 33 enters into the gasification chamber 2 through the feeding device 6 on the furnace top, the gasification agent is added through the air inlet at the bottom of the furnace, the direction of gas flow is opposite to the direction of fuel 33 movement, the downward flowing biomass fuel 33 is dried, cracked and gasified by the upward flowing hot gas, so that combustible gas is obtained, which is used by the burner 19.

[0028] The gasification chamber 2 is provided with a plurality of grates 7 which are arranged in parallel at intervals in the gasification chamber 2. The upper part of the grate 7 is used for burning fuel 33. The lower part of the grate 7 is provided with an ash hopper 3 which is used for temporarily storing the ash produced by the burning of the fuel 33. The ash hopper 3 is provided with an ash discharge port 4 which is used for discharging the ash in the ash hopper 3. An ash falling port 18 is formed between two adjacent grates 7. The ash produced by the burning of the fuel 33 falls into the ash hopper 3 through the ash falling port 18 between the two adjacent grates 7 and is discharged through the ash discharge port 4. The grate upper plate 702 is arranged obliquely towards the ash falling port 18. The obliquely arranged grate upper plate 702 is more conducive to the movement of the ash under the action of gravity towards the ash falling port 18 and is finally discharged through the ash falling port 18.

[0029] The gasification air duct 701 is provided with a plurality of gasification air outlet holes 703 which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the gasification air duct 701 and have openings facing the upper surface of the grate upper plate 702. The inlet of the gasification air duct 701 is connected to a gasification air blower 8. The air produced by the gasification air blower 8 enters into the gasification air duct 701 of each grate 7 through a gasification air supply pipe 16 and is then sprayed into the gasification chamber 2 through the gasification air outlet holes 703 in a direction parallel to the surface of the grate 7. Through the action of the gasification air, the high polymers of the biomass in the gasification chamber 2 are decomposed to generate small-molecule hydrocarbon compounds, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane and other gases.

[0030] As shown in Figure 2 The surface of the grate 7 is provided with a groove 32 which is arranged in the air outlet direction of the gasification air outlet hole 703. The upper part of the gasification air outlet hole 703 is provided with a wind deflector 704 which is arranged in parallel with the grate upper plate 702. Therefore, the air blown out from the gasification air outlet hole 703 is parallel to the surface direction of the grate 7 and is blown out along the groove 32 on the surface of the grate 7, so that more air flows through the area close to the surface of the grate 7 from below the fuel 33, thereby forcing this area to become a local highest temperature area 34, facilitating the rapid cooling of the fuel 33 by the grate 7 and preventing the generation of high-temperature slagging phenomenon.

[0031] The water cooling channel 705 of each grate 7 is respectively connected to a water supply main pipe 9. The water supply main pipe provides cooling water for the water cooling channel 705. After absorbing the heat of the grate in the water cooling channel 705, the cooling water can be used by subsequent devices which need water, such as a boiler, thereby preventing the waste of heat.

[0032] The rear wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a rear wall passage 12, the left and right side walls of the furnace body 1 are provided with side wall passages 13, and the front side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a front wall passage 14, and the rear wall passage 12, the side wall passage 13 and the front wall passage 14 are communicated with each other; the upper part of the gasification chamber 2 is provided with a fuel gas outlet 15, and a material blocking net is arranged at the fuel gas outlet 15 to prevent the fuel 33 from overflowing; the fuel gas outlet 15 is communicated with the rear wall passage 12, and the outlet of the front wall passage 14 is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the burner 19; the combustible fuel gas generated in the gasification chamber 2 is discharged from the fuel gas outlet 15, sequentially passes through the rear wall passage 12, the side wall passage 13 and the front wall passage 14, absorbs heat in the passages, is preheated in the passages, and finally enters the fuel gas inlet of the burner 19 through the outlet of the front wall passage 14, is combusted in the burner 19, so that the outlet temperature of the fuel gas is higher, thereby overcoming the defects of "not easy to ignite and easy to extinguish" of the current updraft gasification furnace.

[0033] Further, heat conduction fins 20 are arranged on the inner side of the furnace wall of the passage, so that the heat conduction effect of the furnace wall is better, and the heat in the gasification chamber 2 can be better transmitted to the passage to preheat the fuel gas.

[0034] Further, the grate 7 is fixedly connected to a bracket made of the gasification air supply pipe 16, the inlet of the gasification air supply pipe 16 is communicated with the gasification air blower 8 through a flexible pipe 17, the outlet of the gasification air supply pipe 16 is communicated with the gasification air duct 701 to provide the gasification agent for the gasification chamber 2; the lower part of the gasification air supply pipe 16 is provided with a roller 25, the lower part of the roller 25 is provided with a guide rail 26, the gasification air supply pipe 16 is connected with a straight push rod 21, the straight push rod 21 is connected with a guide sleeve 22, the straight push rod 21 is connected with a crank connecting rod 23, and the crank connecting rod 23 is connected with a reciprocating motor 24; the gasification air supply pipe 16 is driven by the reciprocating motor 24 to make reciprocating movement with the grate 7, so as to eliminate the bridge of the fuel 33 and facilitate the breaking of slag and the discharge of ash.

[0035] Correspondingly, when the grate 7 makes reciprocating movement, the water supply main pipe 9 connected therewith also makes reciprocating movement, so that the connection between the water supply main pipe 9 and the external water pipe should also be connected by the flexible pipe 17.

[0036] The ejector burner is arranged on the updraft gasification furnace, a gas pipe 1901 is arranged in the burner 19, a combustion pipe 1902 is sleeved with the gas pipe 1901, the gas inlet of the burner 19 is communicated with the outlet of the front wall passage 14; a primary air pipe 1903 and a secondary air pipe 1904 for providing combustion-supporting air for the gas are further arranged in the burner 19, a nozzle 1905 is arranged at the tail end of the primary air pipe 1903, the nozzle 1905 is arranged in the gas pipe 1901, the secondary air pipe 1904 is communicated with the combustion pipe 1902, an adjusting valve 1906 for adjusting the size of the combustion-supporting air is arranged in the secondary air pipe 1904; the inlets of the primary air pipe 1903 and the secondary air pipe 1904 are communicated with the outlet of the air blower 27; the air from the air blower 27 is divided into two streams, the first stream enters into the gas pipe 1901 through the primary air pipe 1903, mixes with the gas, and then enters into the combustion pipe 1902 through the outlet of the gas pipe 1901 to burn, the second stream enters into the combustion pipe 1902 through the secondary air pipe 1904 to support combustion, so that the gas burns more sufficiently.

[0037] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples, and the changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by the person skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present application should also belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A top-suction gasifier employing a water-cooled anti-slagging grate, comprising a furnace body (1), wherein a gasification chamber (2) is provided inside the furnace body (1), and an ash hopper (3) is provided below the gasification chamber (2), wherein the ash hopper (3) is provided with an ash discharge port (4); further comprising a hopper (5), wherein the hopper (5) is connected to a feeding device (6), characterized in that: The gasification chamber (2) is provided with a grate (7), which is provided with a gasification air duct (701), a water cooling channel and a grate upper plate (702), the inlet of the gasification air duct (701) is communicated with a gasification air blower (8), and the gasification air duct (701) is provided with a gasification air outlet hole (703) with an opening facing the upper surface of the grate upper plate (702); The rear wall of the furnace body (1) is provided with a rear wall channel (12), the left and right sidewalls of the furnace body (1) are provided with side wall channels (13), and the front sidewall of the furnace body (1) is provided with a front wall channel (14), the rear wall channel (12), the side wall channels (13) and the front wall channel (14) are communicated with each other; the upper portion of the gasification chamber (2) is provided with a fuel gas outlet (15), the fuel gas outlet (15) is communicated with the rear wall channel (12), and the outlet of the front wall channel (14) is connected with the fuel gas inlet of a burner (19).

2. The updraft gasifier employing water cooled anti- slagging grate as claimed in claim 1 wherein: A plurality of grates (7) are fixedly installed on a support made of a gasification air supply pipe (16), the inlet of the gasification air supply pipe (16) is communicated with the gasification air blower (8) through a flexible pipe (17), and the outlet of the gasification air supply pipe (16) is communicated with the gasification air duct (701); the gasification air supply pipe (16) drives the grates (7) to reciprocate under the action of external power.

3. An updraft gasifier employing a water cooled anti- slagging grate as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The upper portion of the gasification air outlet hole (703) is provided with a wind deflector (704), and the wind deflector (704) is arranged in parallel with the grate upper plate (702).

4. An updraft gasifier employing a water cooled anti- slagging grate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The grates (7) are provided in a plurality of numbers and are arranged in parallel at intervals in the gasification chamber (2), and a dust falling port (18) is formed between two adjacent grates (7).

5. An updraft gasifier employing a water cooled anti- slagging grate as claimed in claim 4 wherein: The grate upper plate (702) is arranged to be inclined towards the dust falling port (18).

6. An ejector burner to be installed in the updraft gasifier as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The burner (19) is provided with a fuel gas pipe (1901), the fuel gas pipe (1901) is sleeved with a combustion pipe (1902), the fuel gas inlet of the burner (19) is communicated with the outlet of the front wall channel (14); the burner (19) is further provided with a primary air pipe (1903) and a secondary air pipe (1904) for providing combustion-supporting air for fuel gas, the primary air pipe (1903) is communicated with the fuel gas pipe (1901), the secondary air pipe (1904) is communicated with the combustion pipe (1902), and the inlets of the primary air pipe (1903) and the secondary air pipe (1904) are communicated with a blower (27).

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