Piston of breaking hammer
By setting a buffer block inside the buffer chamber, the buffer block impacts the piston shell downwards under the reaction force, which solves the piston rebound problem and improves the working stability of the hydraulic breaker.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423133909.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-18
AI Technical Summary
In existing hydraulic breakers, the piston rebounds severely due to the reaction force when the chisel is working, causing instability in the excavator and affecting normal operation.
In the patent, a buffer block is set in the buffer cavity of the buffer block. The buffer block can move up and down and can move upward to store energy. When the piston shell is subjected to reaction force, the buffer block hits the piston shell downward to offset the reaction force and improve the working stability of the hydraulic breaker.
By using the mutual impact between the buffer block and the piston housing, rebound and oscillation are reduced, improving the stability of the piston and the breaker hammer and ensuring normal operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223725008U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of breaking hammer, and relates to a piston of breaking hammer. BACKGROUND
[0002] The hydraulic breaking hammer has become an important working tool of the hydraulic excavator, and the hydraulic breaking hammer generally comprises a front cylinder body, a middle cylinder body and a rear cylinder body, a drill rod is arranged in the front cylinder body, the middle cylinder body is connected with the front cylinder body, a piston is arranged in the middle cylinder body, the upper end of the piston can be inserted into the rear cylinder body, a nitrogen chamber is arranged in the rear cylinder body, the piston makes reciprocating motion in the middle cylinder body under the joint action of high-pressure oil and high-pressure nitrogen, and the drill rod transmits the impact force to the impacted object, so that the impacted object is broken.
[0003] However, when the impacted object has weak impact force absorption capacity, a large impact force will be reacted to the piston through the drill rod, the force reacted to the piston is called reaction force, and the reaction force will cause the piston to rebound. When the piston rebounds seriously, the excavator will be bounced up, which not only causes the excavator driver to have poor driving feeling, but also damages the arm of the excavator. For the hydraulic breaking hammer, the serious piston rebound will cause high-pressure pulse at the rear end of the piston, cause the piston to vibrate, and make the hydraulic breaking hammer unable to work normally. SUMMARY
[0004] The utility model aims at the above problems existing in the prior art, and provides a piston of breaking hammer, and the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is how to reduce the rebound of the piston caused by the reaction force when the piston works on the drill rod and improve the stability of the piston when the piston works on the breaking hammer.
[0005] The utility model discloses a piston of breaking hammer, including the piston shell of rod shape, its characterized in that, the piston shell has the buffer chamber, the buffer block of up and down removal is arranged in the buffer chamber, the buffer block can impact the piston shell downward when the piston shell has the upward motion tendency under the reaction force.
[0006] When the breaking hammer works, the drill rod of the breaking hammer impacts the impacted object downward under the action of the piston, the force not absorbed by the impacted object is reacted to the piston through the drill rod, at this moment, the piston has the upward motion tendency under the reaction force, the buffer block of up and down removal can be moved up in advance and store energy, the buffer block at the high place in the piston buffer chamber can impact the piston shell downward, and the buffer block can give the piston shell a downward impulse, the piston shell is the force medium between the two forces, the downward force of the buffer block and the above-mentioned reaction force are opposite, are mutually cancelled out, the piston shell can maintain stable under the two forces, will not rebound and vibrate under the above-mentioned reaction force, slow down the rebound of the piston shell, thereby improve the working stability of the breaking hammer.
[0007] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the buffer cavity is a closed chamber, and the buffer block is independently placed in the buffer cavity.
[0008] The high-pressure oil and high-pressure nitrogen in the breaking hammer act on the piston shell to make it move back and forth, the buffer block independently placed in the closed chamber is subjected to a smaller external thrust than the piston shell, and the acceleration of the two is different, so the buffer block and the piston shell can move asynchronously. When the piston moves upward, the buffer block is below the buffer cavity due to gravity, and the piston shell drives the buffer block to move upward. When the piston moves downward, the piston shell accelerates downward under the action of external force, while the independently placed buffer block moves upward due to inertia, that is, the buffer block moves to the upper end of the buffer cavity. When the piston shell hits the drill rod, the buffer block at the upper end of the buffer cavity starts to move downward due to gravity, while the above-mentioned reaction force is reacted to the piston shell through the drill rod, and the buffer block hits the piston shell downward, which is opposite to the above-mentioned reaction force, thereby avoiding the rebound of the piston shell and improving the stability of the piston. The buffer block and the piston shell are independent of each other without connection, which is convenient to disassemble and assemble. At the same time, the buffer block stores energy in the process of movement by inertia, and the piston shell and the buffer block move downward to form a time difference without the need for a driving member to control, thereby simplifying the structure and reducing the weight.
[0009] In the piston of the breaking hammer, a buffer interval is left between the upper end of the buffer block and the cavity wall of the buffer cavity, the buffer block can move upward when the piston shell moves downward, and a pushing structure is formed between the upper end of the buffer block and the piston shell, so that the piston shell can push the buffer block downward through the pushing structure.
[0010] When the piston moves downward, the movement speed of the piston shell under the action of external force is greater than that of the buffer block, the independently placed buffer block moves to the buffer interval of the buffer cavity to store energy due to inertia, and the piston shell moves downward preferentially due to the faster movement speed, so that the piston shell drives the buffer block to accelerate downward through the pushing structure, increases the energy of the buffer block hitting the piston shell, improves the counteracting effect of the buffer block, further maintains the stability of the piston, and thus improves the working stability of the breaking hammer.
[0011] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the pushing structure includes the upper end face of the buffer block and a pushing face located on the cavity wall of the buffer cavity, the pushing face is located above the buffer block, and the upper end face of the buffer block can abut against the pushing face when the piston shell moves downward. The pushing structure adopts the form of direct abutment of face against face, which is simple in structure and reduces the energy loss of the force of the piston shell pushing the buffer block, so that the buffer block has stronger downward potential energy, guarantees the counteracting effect of the buffer block, further maintains the stability of the piston, and thus improves the working stability of the breaking hammer.
[0012] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the buffer block is in a columnar shape, and the central axis of the buffer block is in line with the central axis of the piston shell. By arranging the central axes in line, the movement path of the independently placed buffer block is restricted, energy loss is reduced, and the reaction force on the buffer block and the force of the buffer block impacting the piston shell are both transmitted along the path of the central axis, so that force transmission loss is smaller, the buffer block can better transmit the reaction force to the piston shell, and the stability of the piston is further maintained.
[0013] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the buffer cavity is located in the middle upper section of the piston shell. The buffer block located in the buffer cavity has a higher initial position, has greater gravitational potential energy, can increase the impact energy of the buffer block on the piston shell, improve the counterattack effect of the buffer block, further maintain the stability of the piston, and thus improve the working stability of the breaking hammer.
[0014] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the piston shell includes a piston rod and a cover plate, the piston rod has a groove penetrating from the middle section of the piston rod to the upper end face of the piston rod, and the cover plate is arranged on the piston rod and seals the slot of the groove, and the buffer cavity is formed between the cover plate and the piston rod. Since the buffer cavity penetrates the upper end of the piston rod from the middle section of the piston rod, the falling height of the buffer block is relatively large, a greater impact force can be generated to counterattack the reaction force, and thus the rebound is more effectively reduced; the cover plate is arranged at the slot of the groove, external air pressure does not interfere with the movement trend of the buffer block, the counterattack energy of the buffer block is ensured, the stability of the piston is further maintained, and thus the working stability of the breaking hammer is improved.
[0015] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the buffer block is made of metal material. The metal material has high strength, and the buffer block is not prone to damage and deformation when counterattacking the reaction force, the stability of the piston is further maintained, and thus the working stability of the breaking hammer is improved.
[0016] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the buffer block is made of metal material. The metal material has high strength, and the buffer block is not prone to damage and deformation when counterattacking the reaction force, the stability of the piston is further maintained, and thus the working stability of the breaking hammer is improved.
[0017] In the piston of the breaking hammer, the buffer block is made of metal material. The metal material has high strength, and the buffer block is not prone to damage and deformation when counterattacking the reaction force, the stability of the piston is further maintained, and thus the working stability of the breaking hammer is improved.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the piston of the breaking hammer has the following advantages:
[0019] By setting the buffer block in the buffer cavity of the piston shell, after the piston shell hits the drill rod, the force not completely absorbed by the struck object is reacted to the piston shell through the drill rod, at this time the buffer block hits the piston from top to bottom in the buffer cavity, the impact force collides with the above-mentioned reaction force, thereby inhibiting the piston shell from rebounding, maintaining the balance of the piston shell, and further improving the stability of the piston and the breaking hammer.
[0020] The buffer block is independently placed in the buffer cavity and can move upward synchronously with the piston shell, the buffer block stores energy by fully utilizing the inertia in the upward and downward movement, and the buffer block can be pushed downward by the piston shell when the piston shell accelerates downward, thereby strengthening the energy of the buffer block hitting the piston downward, so that the buffer block has strong energy to collide with the above-mentioned reaction force without a driving member, and the balance of the piston shell is maintained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 is a front view of example one;
[0022] Figure 2 is an A-A sectional view of Figure 1 ;
[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the movement between the buffer block and the piston shell when the piston shell of example one moves downward;
[0024] Figure 4 is a sectional view of the piston rod of example one;
[0025] Figure 5 is a structural sectional view of example two;
[0026] Figure 6 is a structural sectional view of the piston when the piston moves upward in example three;
[0027] Figure 7 is a structural sectional view of the piston when the piston moves downward in example three
[0028] In the drawings, 1 is a piston shell; 1a is a buffer cavity; 1a1 is a pushing surface; 1b is a piston rod; 1b1 is a groove; 1c is a cover plate; 2 is a buffer block; 3 is a first elastic member; and 4 is a second elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The following is a specific embodiment of the present application and further describes the technical scheme of the present application in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.
[0030] Example one:
[0031] As Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the piston of the present breaking hammer comprises a piston shell 1 and a buffer block 2, both in the shape of a rod, the piston shell 1 is installed in the middle cylinder of the breaking hammer, and the piston shell 1 is subjected to the joint action of high-pressure oil and high-pressure nitrogen gas, and the piston shell 1 makes reciprocating motion in the middle cylinder, the end of the piston shell 1 towards the rear cylinder is called the upper end, and the end of the piston shell 1 towards the drill rod and impacting the drill rod is called the lower end.
[0032] Figure 2 As shown, in the present embodiment, the piston shell 1 comprises a piston rod 1b in the shape of a rod and a cover plate 1c in the shape of a plate, and the piston rod 1b is combined with the cover plate 1c. Figure 4 As shown, the piston rod 1b has a groove penetrating the upper end surface thereof from the middle section thereof, and the cover plate 1c is arranged on the upper end of the piston rod 1b and seals the groove, and a closed buffer cavity 1a is formed between the cover plate 1c and the piston rod 1b. The closed buffer cavity 1a is less affected by the external air pressure, and it should be noted that the buffer cavity 1a can be a closed space or a sealed space, as long as there is a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the buffer cavity 1a.
[0033] As shown, Figure 2 As shown, the buffer block 2 is placed in the buffer cavity 1a, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 are independent of each other, that is, there is no specific connecting structure between the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 are convenient to disassemble and assemble.
[0034] As shown, Figure 2 As shown, the buffer block 2 is placed in the buffer cavity 1a, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 are independent of each other, that is, there is no specific connecting structure between the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 are convenient to disassemble and assemble.
[0035] As shown, Figure 2 As shown, the buffer block 2 is placed in the buffer cavity 1a, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 are independent of each other, that is, there is no specific connecting structure between the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 are convenient to disassemble and assemble.
[0036] The middle axis of the buffer block 2 and the middle axis of the piston shell 1 are collinear, and the buffer block 2 and the piston shell 1 move up and down along the direction of the middle axis.
[0037] The buffer cavity 1a is an independent closed space, so the high-pressure oil and the high-pressure nitrogen gas of the breaking hammer jointly act on the piston shell 1 on the outside, and will not act on the buffer block 2, and before the breaking hammer works, as shown, Figure 2 As shown, the independently arranged buffer block 2 is at the bottom of the buffer cavity 1a due to gravity, and when it starts to work, the piston shell 1 is accelerated to move upward under the joint action of the high-pressure oil and the high-pressure nitrogen gas, and at this time, the buffer block 2 is simultaneously moved upward under the driving of the piston shell 1.
[0038] As shown, Figure 3As shown, when the piston shell 1 is driven downward by the high-pressure oil and high-pressure nitrogen gas, the acceleration of the piston shell 1 is greater than the gravitational acceleration, and the piston shell 1 accelerates downward, while the buffer block 2 is driven upward to the buffer interval due to inertia, and the piston shell 1 accelerates downward and pushes the upper end of the buffer block 2, so that the piston shell 1 drives the buffer block 2 to accelerate downward.
[0039] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 、 Figure 3 , the pushing structure includes the upper end face of the buffer block 2 and the pushing surface 1a1 on the cavity wall of the buffer cavity 1a, the pushing surface 1a1 is the inner wall of the cover plate 1c in the buffer cavity 1a, the pushing surface 1a1 is located above the buffer block 2, the pushing surface 1a1 of the piston shell 1 accelerates downward and abuts against the upper end face of the buffer block 2, and drives the buffer block 2 to accelerate downward, thereby increasing the energy of the buffer block 2 moving downward, because the buffer cavity 1a is located in the middle and upper segment of the piston shell 1, the lower end of the piston shell 1 will first impact the drill rod, and the buffer block 2 has not moved downward to the bottom of the buffer cavity 1a, when the drill rod transmits the force that is not fully absorbed by the impacted object to the piston shell 1, the buffer block 2 impacts the piston shell 1 downward, and the impact force and the reaction force collide, so that the piston shell 1 maintains balance and avoids rebound and vibration.
[0040] As shown in Figure 2 、 Figure 3 , the cover plate 1c and the piston shell 1 are detachably connected. When the buffer block 2 moves upward and downward, the upper and lower ends of the buffer block 2 collide with the cover plate 1c and the piston shell 1 respectively, and the cover plate 1c and the buffer block 2 are easy to wear, so that the cover plate and the buffer block can be replaced to prolong the service life of the piston. In the embodiment, the cover plate 1c and the piston shell 1 are connected by bolts, and in actual application, the cover plate 1c and the piston shell 1 can also be connected by pin shafts, riveting and other connection methods.
[0041] The buffer block 2 is made of metal material, and in the embodiment, the buffer block 2 is made of high-strength alloy steel material. The buffer block 2 has a certain weight, and the specific weight should be selected according to the actual situation, but it should be noted that the impact force of the buffer block 2 that is too heavy on the piston shell 1 is too large, which can cause damage to the piston shell 1, and the impact force of the buffer block 2 that is too light on the piston shell 1 is too small, which cannot well counteract the reaction force.
[0042] Embodiment two:
[0043] The technical scheme of embodiment two is basically the same as that of embodiment one, and the difference mainly lies in that, as shown in Figure 5As shown, the pushing structure includes a first elastic element 3. The two ends of the first elastic element 3 act between the upper end of the buffer block 2 and the cavity wall of the buffer cavity 1a, respectively. The first elastic element 3 reduces the collision between the buffer block 2 and the buffer cavity 1a. The buffer block 2 moves upward under the drive of the piston housing 1. When the buffer block 2 moves upward due to inertia, its upper end presses upward against the first elastic element 3. The piston housing 1, through the first elastic element 3, drives the buffer block 1 to accelerate downward.
[0044] Example 3:
[0045] The technical solution of Embodiment 3 is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, with the main difference being: Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a second elastic element 4 is provided between the lower end face of the buffer block 2 and the cavity wall of the buffer cavity 1a. The first elastic element 3 and the second elastic element 4 are used to reduce the rebound between the buffer block 2 and the piston housing 1.
[0046] In this embodiment, a spring is used as the elastic element. In practical applications, the elastic element 4 can also be a torsion spring, an elastic metal sheet, etc.
[0047] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.
[0048] Although this document uses terms such as piston housing and buffer block frequently, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of the invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.
Claims
1. A piston of a breaking hammer, comprising a piston shell (1) in the form of a rod, characterised in that, The piston shell (1) has a buffer cavity (1a) in which a buffer block (2) is arranged to move up and down, and the buffer block (2) can impact the piston shell (1) downward when the piston shell (1) has a upward movement tendency due to reaction force.
2. A piston for a breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that The buffer cavity (1a) is a closed chamber, and the buffer block (2) is independently placed in the buffer cavity (1a).
3. A piston for a breaking hammer according to claim 2, characterized in that A buffer interval is left between the upper end of the buffer block (2) and the cavity wall of the buffer cavity (1a), and the buffer block (2) can move upward when the piston shell (1) moves downward, and a pushing structure is formed between the upper end of the buffer block (2) and the piston shell (1), and the piston shell (1) can push the buffer block (2) downward through the pushing structure.
4. A piston for a breaking hammer according to claim 3, characterized in that The pushing structure includes the upper end face of the buffer block (2) and a pushing face (1a1) located on the cavity wall of the buffer cavity (1a), and the pushing face (1a1) is located above the buffer block (2), and the upper end face of the buffer block (2) can abut against the pushing face (1a1) when the piston shell (1) moves downward.
5. A piston for a breaking hammer as defined in claim 3, characterized in that The buffer block (2) is in a columnar shape, and the central axis of the buffer block (2) is collinear with the central axis of the piston shell (1).
6. A piston for a breaking hammer according to any one of claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that, The buffer cavity (1a) is located in the middle upper segment of the piston shell (1).
7. A piston for a breaking hammer according to claim 6, characterized in that The piston shell (1) includes a piston rod (1b) and a cover plate (1c), the piston rod (1b) has a groove (1b1) penetrating from the middle segment of the piston rod (1b) to the upper end face of the piston rod (1b), and the cover plate (1c) is arranged on the piston rod (1b) and covers the slot of the groove (1b1), and the cover plate (1c) and the piston rod (1b) form the above-mentioned buffer cavity (1a).
8. A piston for a breaking hammer according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that The buffer block (2) is made of metal material.
9. A piston for a breaking hammer according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that The pushing structure includes a first elastic member (3), and the two ends of the first elastic member (3) act between the upper end of the buffer block (2) and the cavity wall of the buffer cavity (1a), respectively.
10. A piston for a breaking hammer according to claim 9, characterized in that A second elastic member (4) is arranged between the lower end of the buffer block (2) and the cavity wall of the buffer cavity (1a).