Controllable vascular ring constrictor for large animals

Abstract

A controllable vascular ring constrictor for large animals comprises an elastic hoop, an inflation air bag ring and an inflation air pipe, the elastic hoop comprises an upper hoop and a lower hoop, an outer ring of the inflation air bag ring is fixed to the upper hoop, a central hole of the inflation air bag ring forms a coronary artery compression area, and the inflation air pipe is fixed to the lower hoop. The side, facing the lower hoop, of the inflatable air bag ring is provided with a notch communicated with the coronary artery compression area to form a passageway, after the upper hoop and the lower hoop are opened, the coronary artery can enter the coronary artery compression area through the passageway, the size of the coronary artery compression area is reduced along with inflation of the inflatable air bag ring, and controllable compression of the coronary artery in the coronary artery compression area is achieved. When the inflatable air bag ring is in an uninflated state, the coronary artery compression area is larger than the outer diameter of the coronary artery, the device is fixed to the set position of a coronary artery system through the elastic hoop, meanwhile, the inflatable air bag ring and the pressure sensor are matched, controllability of blood vessel ring contraction and blood flow blocking is achieved, and therefore an acute and chronic myocardial ischemia model can be built according to needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of experimental equipment for constructing large animal models, and in particular relates to a controllable vascular constrictor for large animals. Background Technology

[0002] Myocardial infarction is one of the serious clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, occurs through the following mechanism: atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries causes narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels. As a result, the myocardium does not receive sufficient blood supply, leading to ischemia, hypoxia, damage, and even necrosis, thus causing heart disease.

[0003] Myocardial infarction is considered to have occurred when there is clinical evidence that the necrosis of a single myocardium is entirely caused by a myocardial ischemia event. Animal models are one of the effective means to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of human cardiovascular diseases and to develop related drugs, especially large animal models, which can obtain more reliable experimental results. Commonly used animal models for studying coronary heart disease include rodents such as mice, rats, and rabbits, as well as large animals such as pigs and monkeys. For rodents such as mice, rats, and rabbits, due to their relatively easy gene manipulation, short gestation period, relatively low cost, and many functional similarities with humans in genomics, proteomics, and other aspects, rodents, represented by mice, have become the first choice for establishing animal models in the field of cardiovascular research. However, the distribution and structure of coronary arteries in mice differ greatly from those in humans, so their reference value for coronary heart disease research is not very high. Large animal models, primarily pigs, have significant advantages in terms of size, anatomical structure, cardiac development, heart rate reserve, excitation-contraction coupling, and circulatory physiology. Moreover, compared to large primates such as monkeys, pigs are easier to raise, have strong vitality, are docile, and have good surgical tolerance. Therefore, in recent years, the proportion of pig myocardial infarction models used in studies on the specific mechanisms of myocardial infarction has increased significantly.

[0004] Currently, the methods for creating models of myocardial infarction in pigs can be divided into two categories: acute myocardial infarction modeling and chronic myocardial infarction modeling. The former mainly includes methods such as open-chest ligation, interventional modeling, and drug modeling, while the latter mainly includes methods such as coronary artery constriction and chronic stenosis within the coronary arteries.

[0005] 1. Coronary artery constriction method: After anesthesia, open-chest surgery is performed to expose the left ventricle and the left anterior descending coronary artery. The diameter of the coronary artery at the site to be ligated is measured using echocardiography. The left anterior descending coronary artery is narrowed by 50% using atraumatic sutures. Although this method can simulate myocardial infarction and has practical applicability, it is difficult to control the degree of stenosis during actual operation, making it difficult to establish strict and uniform ligation standards and ensuring the stability and consistency of the constructed model.

[0006] 2. Intracoronary Chronic Stenosis Method: Percutaneous intervention with a LAD (Lower Angiography) involves implanting a deformable embolus or using a balloon to mechanically compress and damage the vascular intima, gradually embolizing the coronary artery over time, causing chronic myocardial ischemia. This method closely resembles the clinical pathological process of coronary artery disease and is relatively easy to locate. However, due to the long modeling time and the difficulty in controlling or adjusting the volume of the deformable embolus or balloon within the vessel, the degree of coronary artery stenosis remains uncontrollable. Furthermore, this interventional procedure is more complex than open-chest surgery.

[0007] 3. Drug-induced modeling method: Commonly used drugs include posterior pituitary extract (Pit), isoproterenol, And catecholamines, etc., are mainly caused by drug action. This can lead to myocardial infarction. It is generally believed that drug-induced myocardial infarction models are simple and easy to replicate, with relatively low technical requirements, and can better simulate the vasoconstriction process during the onset of human myocardial infarction. However, the area of ​​myocardial infarction caused by drugs is difficult to measure, and it is difficult to identify the artery that is blocked, and the effect is uncertain.

[0008] It is evident that while the aforementioned model construction schemes can all achieve the modeling effect of myocardial infarction, none of them can control the degree of vascular constriction, make it difficult to control the pressure on the coronary arteries at any time, or monitor hemodynamic changes in real time. Therefore, they cannot control the degree of myocardial infarction and cannot meet the purpose of mechanism research involving different stages of myocardial infarction. Utility Model Content

[0009] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a controllable vascular constrictor for large animals, which can solve the problem of uncontrollable vascular constriction during myocardial infarction modeling in large animals.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model first proposes a controllable vascular constrictor for large animals, comprising an elastic clamp and an inflatable balloon ring. The elastic clamp includes an upper clamp and a lower clamp. The outer ring of the inflatable balloon ring is fixed to the upper clamp. The central hole of the inflatable balloon ring forms a coronary artery compression zone. The inflatable balloon ring has a notch on the side facing the lower clamp that communicates with the coronary artery compression zone, forming an inlet and outlet. After the upper and lower clamps are opened, the coronary artery can enter the coronary artery compression zone through the inlet and outlet. The size of the coronary artery compression zone decreases as the inflatable balloon ring is inflated, thereby achieving controllable compression of the coronary artery within the coronary artery compression zone. When the inflatable balloon ring is not inflated, the coronary artery compression zone is larger than the outer diameter of the coronary artery.

[0011] In this embodiment, one end of the upper clamp and the lower clamp are connected by an elastic element to form a connecting end, and the other end is connected by a buckle to achieve a detachable connection.

[0012] In this embodiment, the buckle includes a sub-buckle on the upper clamp and a female buckle on the lower clamp that matches the sub-buckle. In the initial state, under the action of the elastic element, the movable ends of the upper and lower clamps open to form an opening larger than the outer diameter of the coronary artery, and the coronary artery is inserted into the coronary compression zone between the upper and lower clamps through the opening. In the locked state, the sub-buckle of the upper clamp is engaged in the female buckle of the lower clamp, thereby locking the upper and lower clamps. In the unlocked state, by pressing down on the upper clamp, the sub-buckle disengages from the female buckle, and the upper and lower clamps separate.

[0013] In this embodiment, the inflatable airbag ring is provided with an inflation port, and an inflation tube is installed inside the inflation port of the inflatable airbag ring. The inflation tube is connected to an external inflation device.

[0014] In this embodiment, the inflation device is an inflation pressure monitoring device.

[0015] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure inside the inflatable airbag ring is provided inside the inflatable airbag ring. The pressure sensor is connected to an inflation device for inflating the inflatable airbag ring via a controller.

[0016] Due to the above structure, this structure has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. This device uses an inflatable balloon ring. By inflating the balloon, the coronary artery compression zone formed by the central hole of the balloon ring shrinks, achieving controllable compression of the coronary artery within the compression zone. During use, the inflation pressure is monitored in real time through the built-in inflation pressure monitor. Through simulation experiments, the relationship curve between the pressure inside the inflatable balloon ring and the cross-sectional area of ​​the coronary artery is measured after the coronary artery is placed within the compression zone. Thus, the pressure inside the inflatable balloon ring is converted into the compression area of ​​the coronary artery. In this way, by controlling the inflation pressure, the compression area of ​​the coronary artery can be accurately controlled to achieve the process of obstructing or even blocking blood flow. Therefore, acute and chronic myocardial ischemia models can be constructed as needed.

[0018] 2. The elastic clamp of this device is made of metal or plastic and can be opened and closed by a buckle, so it can be easily fixed to the blood vessel. The inflatable air bag ring inside the elastic clamp is provided with an inflation port, which serves as a connection port to the inflation tube. The inflation tube can be detachably installed on the inflation port to inflate the fixed inflatable air bag ring.

[0019] In summary, this device is fixed to the coronary system detection site by an elastic clamp, and together with an inflatable balloon ring and a pressure sensor, it achieves controllable vascular constriction to block blood flow, thereby enabling the construction of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia models as needed. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a perspective view of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Elastic clamp; 11. Upper clamp; 12. Lower clamp; 13. Elastic component; 14. Sub-clamp; 15. Female clamp; 2. Inflatable airbag ring; 21. Inlet / outlet; 3. Inflatable air tube; 4. Coronary artery compression zone. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, a controllable vascular constrictor for large animals includes an elastic clamp 1, an inflatable air bladder ring 2, and an inflatable trachea 3.

[0026] The elastic clamp 1 includes an upper clamp 11 and a lower clamp 12. One end of the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12 are connected by an elastic element 13 to form a connecting end, and the other end is provided with a matching sub-clamp 14 and a female clamp 15 to form a movable end. In the initial state, under the action of the elastic element 13, the movable end of the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12 opens to form an opening larger than the outer diameter of the coronary artery, thereby facilitating the insertion of the coronary artery between the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12. In the locked state, the elasticity of the elastic element 13 is overcome, and the sub-clamp 14 of the upper clamp 11 is engaged in the female clamp 15 of the lower clamp 12 to achieve the locking of the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12. In the unlocked state, by pressing down on the upper clamp 11, the sub-clamp 14 is disengaged from the female clamp 15, and under the elastic action of the elastic element 13, the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12 are separated.

[0027] Furthermore, the inflatable airbag ring 2 is fixed inside the upper clamp 11 of the elastic clamp 1. Specifically, the inner cavities of the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12 combine to form a complete circle. The circumference of the upper clamp 11 is greater than that of the lower clamp 12. The outer diameter of the inflatable airbag ring 2 matches the inner diameter of the upper clamp 11. The central hole of the inner ring of the inflatable airbag ring 2 forms the coronary artery compression zone 4. The inflatable airbag ring 2 is not a complete circle; it has a [missing information - likely a design feature] on the side facing the lower clamp 12. The notch connecting to the coronary compression zone 4 forms an entrance and exit. After the upper clamp 11 and lower clamp 12 are opened, the coronary artery can enter the elastic clamp 1 and then re-enter the coronary compression zone 4 through the entrance and exit. The size of the coronary compression zone 4 shrinks as the inflatable balloon ring 2 is inflated, thereby achieving controllable compression of the coronary artery within the coronary compression zone 4. When the inflatable balloon ring 2 is not inflated, the coronary compression zone 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the coronary artery, thus facilitating the entry of the coronary artery.

[0028] The inflatable airbag ring 2 is provided with an inflation port, and an inflation tube 3 is installed inside the inflation port. The inflation tube 3 is connected to an external inflation device, which can monitor the inflation pressure. Furthermore, a pressure sensor is installed inside the inflatable airbag ring 2 to monitor the internal air pressure. The pressure sensor is connected to the inflation device via a controller; alternatively, the inflatable airbag ring 2 can be made of a deformable material, and its internal air pressure can be measured by connecting a pressure monitoring device to the outer end of the inflation tube 3.

[0029] In use, simulation experiments are conducted to determine the relationship between the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor and the cross-sectional area of ​​the coronary artery when the coronary artery is placed within the coronary artery compression zone 4. This allows the pressure inside the inflatable balloon ring 2 to be converted into the compression area of ​​the coronary artery. Thus, the compression area of ​​the coronary artery can be accurately controlled by adjusting the inflation pressure. Specifically: water is injected into the free pig blood vessel to ensure that the lateral wall pressure of the vessel is the same as the average lateral wall pressure of the pig LAD under normal physiological conditions. The device is then attached to the free pig blood vessel, and the pressure inside the inflatable balloon ring 2 is gradually increased. Simultaneously, the inner diameter of the inflatable balloon ring 2 is measured. By correlating the inner pressure with the inner diameter of the inflatable balloon ring 2, a functional relationship between the two can be derived. In subsequent experiments, this functional relationship can be used to determine the degree of coronary artery compression, achieving a controllable and predictable modeling effect.

[0030] The specific installation process is as follows:

[0031] First, by pressing down on the upper clamp 11, the sub-clamp 14 is disengaged from the female clamp 15. Under the elastic action of the elastic element 13, the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12 are separated. Then, the device is fitted over the coronary artery, allowing the coronary artery to enter the coronary compression zone 4 through the notch. Next, the sub-clamp 14 of the upper clamp 11 is engaged in the female clamp 15 of the lower clamp 12, thus locking the upper clamp 11 and the lower clamp 12. Then, the inflation device is used to initially inflate the inflation balloon ring 2, so that the inflation balloon ring 2 initially clamps the coronary artery. After clamping, subsequent experiments can continue.

[0032] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and do not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the concept of this utility model and the contents of the specification and drawings of this utility model, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A controllable blood vessel constrictor for large animals, characterized by: The device comprises an elastic embracing hoop (1) and an inflatable balloon ring (2), the elastic embracing hoop (1) comprises an upper embracing hoop (11) and a lower embracing hoop (12), the outer ring of the inflatable balloon ring (2) is fixed on the upper embracing hoop (11), the center hole of the inflatable balloon ring (2) forms a coronary compression area (4), the inflatable balloon ring (2) is provided with a notch forming an exit and entrance (21) on the side facing the lower embracing hoop (12) and communicating with the coronary compression area (4), after the upper embracing hoop (11) and the lower embracing hoop (12) are opened, the coronary artery can enter the coronary compression area (4) through the exit and entrance (21), the size of the coronary compression area (4) is reduced with the inflation of the inflatable balloon ring (2), and the controllable compression of the coronary artery in the coronary compression area (4) is realized.

2. A large animal controllable blood vessel constrictor according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the upper embracing hoop (11) and the lower embracing hoop (12) is connected to form a connecting end through an elastic member (13), and the other end is a movable end and is detachably connected through a buckle.

3. A large animal controllable blood vessel constrictor according to claim 2, wherein: The buckle comprises a sub-buckle (14) arranged on the upper embracing hoop (11) and a female buckle (15) arranged on the lower embracing hoop (12) and matched with the sub-buckle (14).

4. A large animal controllable blood vessel constrictor according to claim 1, wherein: An inflation port is arranged on the inflatable balloon ring (2), an inflation tube (3) is arranged in the inflation port of the inflatable balloon ring (2), and the inflation tube (3) is connected with an inflation device outside.

5. A large animal controllable blood vessel constrictor according to claim 4, wherein: The inflation device is an inflation pressure monitoring inflation device.

6. A large animal controllable blood vessel constrictor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: A pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure in the inflatable balloon ring (2) is arranged in the inflatable balloon ring (2), and the pressure sensor is connected with the inflation device for inflating the inflatable balloon ring (2) through a controller.

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