Structure for supporting photovoltaic panel and photovoltaic device comprising said structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a structure (1) for supporting a photovoltaic panel, which comprises a base (10) for limiting a reference plane (P0) and a movable frame (11) for receiving the photovoltaic panel (100) and limiting a mounting plane (P1), and the movable frame is mounted to rotate on the base around a first axis (A1). The structure further comprises a locking device arranged between the movable frame and the base for stabilizing the movable frame in at least two different positions relative to the base, the locking device comprising a stabilizer member (12), the stabilizer component comprises a first connecting element (121) housed in at least two second connecting elements (102) of the base, the second connecting elements being either far or near the first axis. A second locking member (13) is configured to lock the first connecting element in at least one of the at least two second connecting elements in a locking position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels or solar panels, and more specifically to a structure for supporting photovoltaic panels that allows for changes in the panel's angle to maximize sunlight exposure at different times of the year (e.g., the four seasons), and / or installation on various supports with different angles, such as walls, the ground, or roofs. This invention also relates to a photovoltaic device comprising this type of support structure and photovoltaic panels. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic panels are used to convert solar energy into electricity. They consist of photovoltaic cells that capture photons from sunlight and generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. This electricity can then be used to power appliances, stored in batteries for later use, or fed into the power grid. Photovoltaic panels are a sustainable and renewable energy production solution that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] The orientation of photovoltaic panels is crucial for maximizing their efficiency. To capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day, these panels must be optimally oriented relative to the sun's trajectory. In the Northern Hemisphere, this typically means south-facing, as this allows the panels to receive as much direct sunlight as possible. The panel's tilt, depending on latitude, must also be adjusted to optimize the angle of incidence of sunlight, thereby maximizing power generation.

[0004] The importance of orientation relates to the fact that the amount of solar energy captured varies with the sun's angle and position in the sky. Incorrect orientation or tilt of the panel can significantly reduce its energy output because the panel does not receive enough direct sunlight. By optimizing the orientation and tilt of the photovoltaic panels, maximum solar energy absorption is ensured throughout the year, including during seasons when the sun is lower in the sky. This allows for stable and efficient power generation, resulting in better installation performance and higher returns for the photovoltaic panels.

[0005] Photovoltaic panels can be mounted on different types of receiving surfaces, each with its own characteristics in terms of slope. Therefore, different installation scenarios for photovoltaic panels can be envisioned depending on the type of receiving surface on which they are mounted.

[0006] For example, a photovoltaic panel is mounted on one of the following receiving surfaces at a defined angle relative to the ground:

[0007] - Sloping roofs, a common type of installation in residential buildings, are generally well-suited for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The slope of the roof largely determines the slope of these panels. Typically, the slope of a sloping roof ranges from 15 to 45 degrees. The optimal angle of the panels is close to the roof's slope, often slightly adjusted based on latitude to optimize power generation.

[0008] - Flat roofs, such as those used in commercial, industrial buildings, and residential real estate. On these flat roofs, panels are typically installed on structures with a slope of approximately 10 to 15 degrees.

[0009] - Directly installed on the ground, such as in photovoltaic power plants, typically in undeveloped areas, industrial wastelands, or agricultural land. The panels are mounted on structures with a tilt angle typically between 20 and 30 degrees, with the specific angle depending on latitude and local conditions.

[0010] - On building facades, for example, panels are directly integrated into the facade. Therefore, the receiving surface is typically vertical or near-vertical (90 degrees). This configuration is less ideal for energy production than a roof, but can be useful in high-density urban areas.

[0011] - In transportation infrastructure, such as bridges, tunnels, subway stations, or train stations, the slope of the receiving surface varies depending on the specific structure.

[0012] The optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic panel relative to the horizontal plane also depends on the latitude of the panel's installation. Therefore, the optimal orientation of the photovoltaic panel, which varies depending on latitude, follows these recommendations:

[0013] - The tilt angle of photovoltaic panels in low latitudes is 10° to 20°, that is, between 0° and 23.5°;

[0014] - For latitudes between 23.5° and 50°, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is close to the latitude slope of the installation site;

[0015] - For latitudes greater than 50°, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels is greater than the latitudinal slope of the installation site in order to maximize the exposure of the photovoltaic panels when the sun is low on the horizon during winter months.

[0016] Therefore, it is important to follow these slope recommendations regardless of the receiving surface to optimize the efficiency of the photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, the orientation of the photovoltaic panels should be adjusted according to the season.

[0017] Structures for supporting photovoltaic panels are known from the following documents: FR3112912, US9166525, CN214315144, CN209389991, US2024 / 0007043, CN113595486, CN112046326, FR3079090, US8176693, FR3056363, US9553544, and CN115913077. These structures for supporting photovoltaic panels include a base to be fastened to a receiving surface (e.g., one of the aforementioned receiving surfaces), and a movable frame that pivots relative to the base, allowing adjustment devices to fasten the movable frame relative to the base in two or more angular positions. Utility Model Content

[0018] This invention alleviates the problems of the aforementioned background art by designing a structure for supporting photovoltaic panels. This structure allows photovoltaic panels to be mounted on different types of supports with varying orientations, while also allowing for optimal adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's tilt relative to the vertical direction, thus enabling optimal utilization of the photovoltaic panel. Compared to existing solutions described in earlier documents, this structure for supporting photovoltaic panels is simple in design, easy to use, and can be easily adapted to allow for changes in the angular position between the base and the movable frame in more than two locations.

[0019] Therefore, this utility model first relates to a structure for supporting a photovoltaic panel, comprising:

[0020] - A base defining a reference plane, the base being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface;

[0021] - A movable frame defining the mounting plane, which is configured to receive photovoltaic panels;

[0022] - A first pivoting connection, arranged between the movable frame and the base, for mounting the movable frame to be rotatable on the base about a first axis parallel to a reference plane and a mounting plane; and

[0023] - A locking device arranged between the movable frame and the base, the locking device being configured to stabilize the movable frame relative to the base at at least two angular positions defined between a reference plane and a mounting plane.

[0024] According to this utility model, the locking device includes:

[0025] - An elongated stabilizer component, with a second pivoting connection arranged between the movable frame and the stabilizer component to mount the stabilizer component so as to be able to rotate on the movable frame about a second axis parallel to the first axis, and the stabilizer component including a first connecting element at the end away from the second axis.

[0026] - A first locking component, which is integral with the base and defines a third axis that is not parallel to the first axis, and includes at least two second connecting elements that are complementary to the first connecting element, are defined at different positions near or far from the first axis, and are configured to receive the first connecting element;

[0027] - A second locking component, wherein a sliding connector is disposed between the second locking component and the first locking component to translate the second locking component along the third axis to a locked position or an unlocked position, the second locking component being configured to:

[0028] - In the locked position, the first connecting element is locked in one of the at least two second connecting elements that accommodate it, and

[0029] - In the unlocked position, the first connecting element is released from the second connecting element that houses the first connecting element.

[0030] This structure allows for adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's orientation against any surface, with the receiving surface defining the supporting surface to which the base will be secured. The locking mechanism, in particular, allows the structure to be fixed in different adjustment positions, thereby preventing any undesirable alteration to the photovoltaic panel's tilt angle, defined by the angle formed between the reference plane and the mounting plane.

[0031] According to a first advantageous embodiment, the movable frame includes a third connecting element configured to accommodate a fourth connecting element integral with a second locking member when the reference plane and the mounting plane form a minimum angle. The third connecting element is locked within the fourth connecting element when the second locking member is in the locked position, and is free when the second locking member is in the unlocked position. Therefore, the third and fourth connecting elements allow for auxiliary orientation of the photovoltaic panel, in which the reference plane and the mounting plane are closest to or even coincident. This configuration particularly facilitates the transport of the structure in a folded position, while maintaining the structure in this position prevents any risk of opening at the angle formed between the reference plane and the mounting plane, and any risk of collision between the different components of the structure.

[0032] According to a second advantageous embodiment, the movable frame includes a third connecting element that is inserted into the second connecting element when the reference plane and the mounting plane form a minimum angle. When the second locking member is in the locked position, the third connecting element is locked within the second connecting element, and when the second locking member is in the unlocked position, the third connecting element is free. The advantages are similar to those described above, increasing the communal capability of structural elements, allowing the second connecting element to indiscriminately accommodate either the first or third connecting element.

[0033] According to an advantageous embodiment, the second locking member includes a pull tab configured to allow a user to manipulate the second locking member. Therefore, the pull tab allows the user to easily move the second locking member to lock or release the first connecting element during operation of adjusting the tilt of the photovoltaic panel.

[0034] According to an advantageous embodiment, the third axis is parallel to the reference plane and perpendicular to the first axis.

[0035] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a retaining element configured to hold the second locking member in a locked position. This retaining element prevents any unintentional displacement of the second locking element.

[0036] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a reset element configured to bring the second locking member to the locked position. Therefore, once the user has adjusted the tilt of the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the angle between the base and the movable frame, the locking is activated again, and the second locking member automatically returns to the locked position without further intervention.

[0037] According to an advantageous embodiment, the stabilizer component is a stop bar with a circular cross-section. This type of stop bar is particularly easy and economical to manufacture.

[0038] According to an advantageous embodiment, the base includes openings on a support surface parallel to a reference plane, these openings being configured to allow fastening elements to pass through. Thus, the base can be securely fastened to the receiving surface, for example, by screws or bolts.

[0039] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes ballast elements configured to be moored to a base. The ballast elements thus allow the structure to be placed on the ground without the need for fastening elements that could damage the receiving surface. This facilitates the displacement of the structure.

[0040] According to an advantageous embodiment, the mechanical stop is configured to limit the travel of the second locking member relative to the first locking member. The second locking member can thus be engaged. This also allows the user to easily feel the movement of the second locking member when it reaches the locked and unlocked positions during operation.

[0041] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first locking member includes a profile extending longitudinally along a third axis, at least two second connecting elements comprising recesses disposed at different locations along the profile, the first connecting elements comprising a rod configured to engage in any one of the at least two recesses, and the second locking member comprising a lever extending along the third axis and mounted to be slidable relative to the profile along the third axis, the lever comprising at least two fingers configured to lock the lever in the recesses in a locked position. Therefore, such a component can be manufactured with the aid of various components such as metal sheets and / or profiles, thereby allowing for large-scale industrial production of the component that is both repeatable and low-cost.

[0042] According to an advantageous embodiment, the base includes at least one fifth connecting element, and the movable frame includes at least one sixth connecting element. These at least one fifth and at least one sixth connecting element are complementary and configured to, during the installation process, removably mount and lock the movable frame to the base by forming the first pivoting connection along the first axis. Other embodiments are conceivable that have a permanent pivoting connection along the first axis between the movable frame and the base, in which case the movable frame and the base will remain assembled together at the first pivoting connection.

[0043] This utility model also relates to a photovoltaic device, which includes a structure according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel fastened to a movable frame.

[0044] According to an advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic device includes an inverter electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel via a junction box. Therefore, the size of the inverter is determined specifically based on the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic panel.

[0045] Therefore, due to all the functional and structural technical features of this invention, a robust structure for supporting photovoltaic panels or even photovoltaic devices can be obtained, which is suitable for installation on various receiving surfaces with different inclinations and is easy to operate, allowing for optimal adjustment of the photovoltaic panel inclination in any season. Attached Figure Description

[0046] See attached document Figures 1 to 14 Further features and advantages of this utility model will become apparent from the following description, appended Figures 1 to 14 Various embodiments without any limiting features are shown in the accompanying drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 A perspective view of a photovoltaic device including a structure for supporting a photovoltaic panel according to the present invention is shown according to a first embodiment; and

[0048] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A partial exploded view of the photovoltaic equipment;

[0049] Figure 3 Various configurations are shown. Figure 1 Photovoltaic equipment;

[0050] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 An exploded view of a photovoltaic device;

[0051] Figure 5 It shows Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of a portion of the base of a photovoltaic device;

[0052] Figure 6 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion of the locking device of a photovoltaic device;

[0053] Figure 7 Description is shown Figure 1 Various views of the kinematics of the photovoltaic device's components moving from the locked position to the unlocked position;

[0054] Figure 8 Showing the folded configuration Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion of a photovoltaic device;

[0055] Figure 9 The diagram shows the ballast material. Figure 1 A 3D view of photovoltaic equipment;

[0056] Figure 10 It shows Figure 9 A partial exploded view of the photovoltaic equipment;

[0057] Figure 11 It shows Figure 9 A bottom view of the ballast element;

[0058] Figure 12 A perspective view of a photovoltaic device including a structure for supporting a photovoltaic panel according to the present invention is shown according to a second embodiment;

[0059] Figure 13 Showing the folded configuration Figure 12 A three-dimensional view of a portion of a photovoltaic device; and

[0060] Figure 14 It shows Figure 12 A perspective view of a portion of the locking device of a photovoltaic device. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Now refer to Figures 1 to 14 Examples describing photovoltaic equipment. In particular, refer to... Figures 1 to 11 A first embodiment of a structure for supporting a photovoltaic panel is described, with reference to Figures 12 to 14 A second embodiment of a structure for supporting a photovoltaic panel is described.

[0062] Figure 1 A perspective view of a photovoltaic device according to a first embodiment, including a structure for supporting a photovoltaic panel according to the present invention, is shown.

[0063] Structure 1 for supporting photovoltaic panels includes a base 10 defining a reference plane P0. The base 10 is configured to be mounted on a receiving surface (not shown), the slope of which varies relative to a vertical axis. The receiving surface is a support such as the ground, a terrace, a vertical wall, a sloping wall, a sloping roof, or a flat roof. Therefore, according to... Figure 1In the example shown, the base 10 includes an aperture 104 that allows fastening elements such as screws or bolts to pass through for fastening to a support. A support surface 103 beneath the base 10 rests on a surface of the support, hereinafter referred to as the receiving surface. Note that a channel 109 opposite the aperture 104 is also formed in the base 10 to allow screw heads to pass through, for example, when the base 10 includes multiple surfaces through which fastening elements pass. The reference plane P0 is thus defined by the support surface 103. It should be noted that other fastening members are also contemplated, such as flanges, for example, for pressing the base 10 against the support. The base 10 may consist of multiple parts assembled together or not assembled together and fastened to the receiving surface, or it may consist of a single part fastened to the receiving surface.

[0064] The base 10 also includes components that allow the movable frame 11 to be accommodated, such as Figure 5 The opening 108 shown is formed in two different locations to accommodate a first hinge 11b and a second hinge 11c arranged on the movable frame 11, thereby forming a pivotal connection between the base 10 and the movable frame 11. The relative positions of the two openings 108 define a first axis A1 for rotation of the movable frame 11 about the base 10. For example, the base 10 includes a longitudinal extension connecting the two openings 108. Figure 5 The U-shaped portion is specifically shown, with an opening 108 formed in the bend of the U-shape. In particular, fins 106 are disposed on the base 10 and are translatably mounted on the base 10 by, for example, two pins inserted into elliptical recesses to close the opening 108, thereby allowing the first and second hinges 11b, 11c to be locked in the opening 108 once the movable frame has been assembled on the base 10. Optionally, a reset element, such as a spring 107, is located between the base 10 and each fin 106 to bring each fin 106 back to its locked position, thereby ensuring that the first and second hinges 11b, 11c are securely held in place. Here, the first and second hinges 11b, 11c are additional elements mounted on the movable frame 11, secured, for example, by folding or threaded connections. According to other embodiments, they can be made as individual elements or directly integrated into the main body of the movable frame 11, for example by machining or by using the main body of the movable frame made of thermoplastic material and obtained by molding.

[0065] Figure 2A partial exploded view of the photovoltaic device is shown. According to this example, the movable frame 11 includes a shelf 11a configured to house a photovoltaic panel 100. In an alternative embodiment, the shelf 11a may be an integral part of the photovoltaic panel 100. The shelf 11a has a receiving surface 111 adapted to support a rear surface 1001 housing the photovoltaic panel 100. The side surfaces 1002 of the photovoltaic panel 100 are then inserted between the inner surfaces 113 of the movable frame 11 to laterally hold the photovoltaic panel 100 within the shelf 11a. It should be noted that the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, i.e., the functional surface including the photovoltaic cells, is the upper surface 1003 of the photovoltaic panel 100. The shelf 11a is made, for example, of metal angle bars that are butt-jointed, welded, or bent at several locations corresponding to the corners of the shelf 11a.

[0066] It should be noted that the first axis A1 is parallel to both the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1. Rotation of the movable frame 11 about this first axis A1 relative to the base 10 has the effect of linearly changing the angle between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1. To adjust or modify this angle between the two planes, a locking device is arranged between the movable frame 11 and the base 10, configured to stabilize the movable frame 11 relative to the base 10 at at least two angular positions defined between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1.

[0067] The locking device comprises multiple elements, including an elongated stabilizer component 12 mounted on a movable frame 11 via a first shoe-shaped component 12a and a second shoe-shaped component 12b. The stabilizer component 12 is connected to each of these shoe-shaped components 12a, 12b via pivoting connections coaxial along a second axis of rotation A2. The stabilizer component 12 then rotates freely about the second axis A2 and, when the shoe-shaped components 12a, 12b are secured to the movable frame 11, rotates freely about the second axis A2 relative to the movable frame 11. In an alternative embodiment, multiple holes may be provided on each shoe-shaped component 12a, 12b into which the end of the stabilizer component 12 is inserted to provide the possibility of changing the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis A1, thereby having the advantageous effect of increasing the number of values ​​of the tilt angle α of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane P0.

[0068] Shoe-shaped components 12a and 12b are positioned, for example, midway between two opposing uprights of the frame 11a, thereby making the first and second axes A1 and A2 parallel. The shape of the shoe-shaped components 12a and 12b specifically allows the frame 11a to not deform when the screws securing the shoe-shaped components 12a and 12b are tightened if necessary. However, their position relative to the uprights of the frame 11a is not reduced to this midway position; in fact, the primary constraint is to obtain parallel axes A1 and A2 and to allow adjustment of the tilt angle (denoted as α) of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane P0, which varies with the following factors:

[0069] The relative positions of hinges 11b and 11c on the base 10, i.e., the positions of the first axis A1,

[0070] The relative positions of the shoe-shaped parts 12a and 12b on the uprights of the movable frame 11, i.e., the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis A1, and the length L1 separating the first axis A1 and the second axis A2, can be conceived in multiple positions according to other embodiments, for example, through sliding connection and clamping of the shoe-shaped parts 12a and 12b on the movable frame 11, or through the creation of multiple threaded holes in the movable frame 11.

[0071] • The length of stabilizer component 12, marked L2,

[0072] • The position of the end of the stabilizer component 12 away from the second axis A2 relative to the base 10, the distance between this position and the position of the first axis A1 is marked as L3.

[0073] In fact, the end of the stabilizer component 12 away from the second axis A2 includes a first connecting element 121. To position this end relative to the base 10, thereby adjusting the angle α between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1, a first locking component 101 integral with the base 10 includes a plurality of second connecting elements 102 complementary to the first connecting element 121. The second connecting elements 102 are defined at different positions, near or far from the first axis A1, and are configured to each accommodate the first connecting element 121. The second connecting elements 102 may be aligned, for example, along a third axis A3 perpendicular to the first axis A1, and evenly distributed along the third axis A3, or define a set of angle values ​​to which the angle α between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 belongs. Therefore, the second connecting elements allow the connecting element 121 to be positioned at a distance defined from the first axis A1, which includes a set of values ​​corresponding to the distances between each of the second connecting elements 102 and the first axis A1.

[0074] Depending on the second connecting element 102 where connecting element 121 is located, the angle α between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 changes. Therefore, Figure 3 Various configurations are presented, including:

[0075] • In configuration “A”, the angle between reference plane P0 and mounting plane P1 is 0°, meaning that reference plane P0 and mounting plane P1 are parallel.

[0076] • In the “B” configuration, the angle between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 is equal to 30°, and the connecting element 121 is inserted into the connecting element 102 furthest from the first axis A1.

[0077] • In the “C” configuration, the angle between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 is equal to 40°, and the connecting element 121 is inserted into the connecting element 102, which is the second furthest from the first axis A1.

[0078] • In the “D” configuration, the angle between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 is equal to 50°. Connecting element 121 is inserted into the connecting element 102, which is the second closest to the first axis A1.

[0079] • In the “E” configuration, the angle between the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 is equal to 60°, and the connecting element 121 is inserted into the connecting element 102 closest to the first axis A1.

[0080] according to Figure 3 In the example shown, the set of angle values ​​thus includes the following values: {30°; 40°; 50°; 60°}. Of course, other values ​​are also possible by translating along the third axis A3 or by adding one of the second connecting elements 102.

[0081] Therefore, according to Figure 1 In the specific embodiment shown, the photovoltaic device has five possible tilt configurations, four of which are defined by the position of the first connecting element in one of the second connecting elements 102 of the base 10.

[0082] To retain the first connecting element 121 within the second connecting element 102, the locking device includes a second locking member 13 positioned relative to the first locking member 101 to form a sliding connection between the second locking member 13 and the first locking member 101. The second locking member 13 then translates along the third axis A3, its travel limited between a locked position and an unlocked position. The second locking member 13 is therefore configured as follows:

[0083] - In the locked position, the first connecting element 121 is locked in the second connecting element 102 that houses it, and

[0084] - In the unlocked position, the first connecting element is released from the second connecting element 102 that houses the first connecting element 121.

[0085] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 An exploded view of a photovoltaic device. The various components of the locking device can thus be identified. According to the example shown, the first locking member 101 includes a profile with a rectangular cross-section extending longitudinally along a third axis A3, and the second connecting element 102 is formed by recesses disposed at different locations along the profile. The stabilizer member 12 is a stop bar with a circular cross-section, formed by a generally V-shaped rod with a flattened apex at its central portion, which forms the first connecting element 121. The central portion of the rod is configured to engage in one of the recesses. The second locking member 13 includes a lever extending along the third axis A3 and mounted to slide relative to the profile along the third axis A3. This lever includes four fingers 132 configured to lock the lever in the recesses in the locked position. The number of fingers 132 is equal to the number of second connecting elements 102, and each finger 132 engages with a second connecting element 102. Because the second locking member is positioned in the locked position, the first connecting element 121 cannot disengage from the second connecting element 102 with which it engages, even if a traction force is applied to the first connecting element 121, for example directly via the stabilizer member 12 or indirectly by moving the movable frame 11 away from the first locking member 101. Therefore, for example, gravity or wind cannot disengage the first connecting element 121 from the second connecting element 102, thereby changing the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 100 mounted on the movable frame 11.

[0086] Please note that, according to this example, the second connecting element 102 is manufactured directly in the main body of the first locking member 101. However, according to other embodiments, it is conceivable that the second connecting elements 102 are added to the main body of the first locking member 101, for example, these second connecting elements 102 are identical and are fastened to the main body of the first locking member 101 by threaded connection or crimping, thus allowing for standardization of the implementation of the locking device while allowing for great flexibility in implementing different variations of photovoltaic equipment.

[0087] To prevent any unwanted translation of the second locking member 13 relative to the first locking member 101, a retaining element 14 may be added. The function of the retaining element 14 is to hold the second locking member 13 in the locked position.

[0088] Please note that a buttonhole 136 is formed in the second locking member 13 to allow a fastening member that allows the photovoltaic device to be fastened to the support to pass through. In particular, when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position, the buttonhole 136 is arranged to face the opening 104 and the possible channel 109 formed in the first locking member 101.

[0089] Figure 6 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion of the locking device of a photovoltaic device, in which a retaining element 14 is identifiable, mounted in the first locking member 101 and located behind the second locking member 13. To prevent the retaining element 14 from being lost, a crimping pin 16 is inserted to crimp the retaining element into the first locking member 101, preventing any translation of the retaining element 14 relative to the first locking member 101.

[0090] Figure 7 Description is shown Figure 1 Various views of the kinematics of the photovoltaic device components as they move from the locked position to the unlocked position are provided. Thus, a cross-sectional view of the first locking component can be identified, the section defined perpendicular to the reference plane P0 and including the third axis A3, thereby revealing the kinematics occurring within the first locking component 101. The views are vertically arranged to follow the unlocking sequence including steps E1, E2, E3, and E4.

[0091] First, in the first step E1, the first connecting element 121 is located within the second connecting element 102. The second locking member 13 is in the locked position, i.e., translated to its maximum extent toward the first axis A1. In this position, the fingers 132 of the second locking member 13 are positioned to close the second connecting element 102. Thus, one of the fingers 132 is inserted between the first connecting element 121 and the second connecting element 102 with which it engages. The retaining element 14 partially presses against the second locking member 13 and is supported on the first stop 134 of the second locking member 13, making it impossible for the second locking member 13 to translate along the third axis A3.

[0092] In order to unlock the first connecting element 121, in the second step E2, the user applies a force F1 to the support surface 141 at the end of the retaining element 14, which protrudes from the first locking member 101. The retaining element 14 bends in the bending region 142 away from the first stop 134, thereby releasing the second locking member to allow it to translate along the third axis A3.

[0093] In the third step E3, the user applies a traction force F2 to the pull tab 133, which is integral with the second locking member 13. When the retaining element 14 is bent, it does not resist the translation of the second locking member 13, causing the second locking member 13 to move away from the first axis A1 to reach the unlocked position (when the second stop 135 of the second locking member 13 encounters the bending area 142 of the retaining element 14), and opening the second connecting element 102, thereby releasing the first connecting element 121. When the second locking member 13 is translated to the unlocked position, the resilient retaining element 14 remains supported on the second locking member 13, waiting to return to its initial position when the second locking member 13 returns to the locked position.

[0094] In the fourth step E4, the user applies a traction force F3 to the stabilizer component 12, for example by directly manipulating the stabilizer component 12, or by manipulating the photovoltaic panel 100 or the movable frame 11 that fixes the photovoltaic panel 100 (by means of the pivoting connection implemented by means of the shoe-shaped parts 12a, 12b), to pull the first connecting element 121 out of the second connecting element 102.

[0095] The user can then position the first connecting element 121 within the second connecting element 102 to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 100, and then push the second locking member 13 into its locked position. Due to the spring effect of the locking member 14, the locking member 14 returns to its rest position and locks the second locking member 13 again to prevent any translation along the third axis A3. The retaining element 14 is preferably implemented by a flexible sheet that has been bent and folded to give it, for example... Figure 7 The shape shown allows for this spring effect.

[0096] According to another variation not shown, the retaining element 14 is replaced by any other locking member known to those skilled in the art, such as by means of a pin inserted through the base 10 and the second locking member 13.

[0097] Figure 12 A perspective view of a photovoltaic device including a structure 1 for supporting a photovoltaic panel according to a second embodiment is shown. According to this particular embodiment, the first locking member 101 is constructed of a U-shaped profile with an opening at the top. In particular, the shape of the fingers 132 of the second locking member 13 differs from the previously shown shape because the first locking member 101 does not have a supporting surface for supporting the fingers 132; therefore, these fingers are manufactured to be more rigid than those shown with respect to the first embodiment.

[0098] Figure 14 It shows the results based on the information about Figure 12 The diagram shows a perspective view of a portion of the locking device of a modified photovoltaic device. According to this modification, no retaining element is used; instead, a reset element 15 is used. This reset element 15 is composed of a traction spring, which is fixed on one side to a first rod 110 integral with the first locking member 101 and on the other side to a second rod 137 integral with the second locking member 13. Step E2 is then canceled because the second locking member is not locked to prevent translation along the third axis A3. Similarly, the second locking member 13 automatically moves from the unlocked position to the locked position without user intervention. Of course, as mentioned above... Figures 1 to 11 In the described embodiments, in addition to retaining element 14, similar elements may be provided. Figure 12 The reset element shown.

[0099] Figure 8 Showing the folded configuration Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion of a photovoltaic device. This corresponds to... Figure 3 The “A” configuration shown is in which the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 form a minimum angle. This configuration differs from others in that it does not ensure the angle between the mounting plane P1 and the reference plane P0 is maintained in this position by inserting the first connecting element 121 into the second connecting element 102.

[0100] In fact, the movable frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112 that accommodates a fourth connecting element 131 integral with the second locking member 13 when the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 form a minimum angle and the second locking member 13 is in the locked position. Thus, when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position, the third connecting element 112 is locked within the fourth connecting element 131, and when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocked position, the third connecting element 112 is free. According to this example, the third connecting element 112 defines a female portion for engagement with the fourth connecting element 131.

[0101] The advantage of this technical solution is that it allows for shared locking motion, thus enabling users to follow the instructions regarding... Figure 7 The steps shown are the same as those for locking and unlocking the movable frame 11 relative to the base 10. The fourth connecting element 112 is here an element attached to the shelf 11a of the movable frame 11; however, other embodiments are conceivable, such as integrating the function directly into the shelf 11a.

[0102] According to this example, the stabilizer component is located between the third connecting element 112 and the fourth connecting element 131, thus maintaining a certain distance between the stabilizer component 12 and the photovoltaic panel 100 to avoid any collision between them. In fact, this configuration corresponds to an ideal configuration for transporting photovoltaic equipment, where the equipment is in a compact, folded position. Therefore, maintaining a certain distance between the stabilizer component 12 and the photovoltaic panel 100 is important to prevent damage to the photovoltaic panel 100 in the event of a possible collision between them, as the back surface 1001 of the photovoltaic panel is typically very fragile.

[0103] according to Figure 13In another specific embodiment shown, the movable frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to be inserted into the second connecting element 102 when the reference plane P0 and the mounting plane P1 form a minimum angle. When the second locking member 13 is in the locked position, the third connecting element 112 is locked in the second connecting element 102, and when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocked position, the third connecting element 112 is free.

[0104] The advantage of this technical solution is that the two configurations (e.g., corresponding to configuration "A" and configuration "E") share the second locking element 102. To achieve this, for example, the third connecting element 112 is preferably manufactured to have the same functional surface as the first connecting element 121, for example by manufacturing a rod with the same outer diameter.

[0105] Alternatively, in order to place the solar equipment on the ground (e.g., without having to fasten it to a support), a ballast element 17 can be added to structure 1.

[0106] Figure 9 The diagram shows a ballast element 17. Figure 1 A perspective view of the photovoltaic device. Specifically, the ballast element 17 is configured to be moored to the base 10 of the structure 1, thus replacing the supports for securing the structure 1. The ballast element 17 is made, for example, of a solid, high-density material, such as metal, concrete, or a high-density composite material. According to other variations, it consists of a shell filled with another material (e.g., water or sand), so that the installer of the photovoltaic device can easily transport the empty and therefore lightweight ballast element 17, and then fill it with this other material once installed.

[0107] Figure 10 It shows Figure 8 A partial exploded view of a photovoltaic device. According to this example, the ballast element 17 includes bosses 174 distributed on both sides of a recess 173, which forms a receiving surface of a support, and the support surface 103 of the base 10 is supported on the recess 173. Holes 175 are located in the recess 173 and are configured to accommodate fastening members that allow the base 10 to be fastened to the ballast element 17. These holes are, for example, through-holes or threaded, to allow the base 10 and the ballast element 17 to be assembled using some type of fastening member. Specifically, when the base 10 is positioned on the ballast element 17, these holes 175 are positioned facing the orifice 104.

[0108] Figure 11 It shows Figure 8A bottom view of the ballast element. According to a particular embodiment, the ballast element 17 includes supports 171 located on its rear surface, which allow, for example, water to pass beneath the ballast element 17. The number of supports 171 is determined, for example, to avoid puncturing a second support on which the ballast element 17 is placed, such as to avoid puncturing a waterproof membrane installed on a flat roof.

[0109] The support pillars 171 are provided with slots 172, which allow cables to pass through, for example, allowing the photovoltaic equipment to be electrically connected to the power grid.

[0110] According to another variant not shown, the rear surface of the ballast element 17 is solid to maximize the supporting surface of the ballast element 17 on the support.

[0111] According to special cases Figure 1 In the specific embodiment shown, the photovoltaic device includes a structure 1, a photovoltaic panel 100 fastened to a movable frame 11 of the structure 1, and an inverter 200 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 100 via a junction box 300.

[0112] The junction box is, for example, glued to the back 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100, connected to the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic panel 100 at the input end, and connected to the inverter 200 at the output end via two wires. When the photovoltaic panel receives solar radiation on its front 1003, the two wires are energized with direct current.

[0113] Inverter 200, for example, is a microinverter, configured to be connected to photovoltaic panel 100 via junction box 300. Optionally, inverter 200 may also be connected to other photovoltaic devices of the same type that do not have inverter 200, and inverter 200 may be shared by, for example, multiple photovoltaic devices placed in parallel.

[0114] For example, the inverter 200 is secured by fastening elements, such as those manufactured in the base 10, specifically in... Figure 5 The channel 105, which can be seen in the image, is fastened to the base 10.

[0115] Therefore, this photovoltaic device is easy to install on various supports with different inclinations. Consequently, the inclination of the photovoltaic panel can be easily adjusted by using easy-to-use, intuitive, and safe adjustment components to define the angle between the reference plane associated with the base of the structure supporting the photovoltaic panel and the mounting plane of the photovoltaic panel. Thus, the user can place this photovoltaic device on a support convenient to their use and adjust it to the structure supporting the photovoltaic panel to adjust the inclination of the photovoltaic panel in an ideal manner, for example, according to the season.

[0116] However, this invention is not limited to the above configuration and embodiments, but extends to any photovoltaic device equipped with the above-described structure for supporting photovoltaic panels.

[0117] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to two specific embodiments of the present invention, but in no way does it impose any limiting features on the subject matter of the present invention; rather, its purpose is to eliminate any possible imprecision or misunderstanding of the appended claims.

[0118] It should also be noted that the reference numerals enclosed in parentheses in the appended claims are absolutely not restrictive; the sole purpose of these reference numerals is to improve the understanding and perception of the appended claims and the scope of protection sought.

Claims

1. A structure (1) for supporting a photovoltaic panel, comprising: - a base (10) defining a reference plane (P0), said base (10) being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a movable frame (11) defining a mounting plane (PI), said movable frame being configured to receive said photovoltaic panel (100); - a first pivotal link arranged between said movable frame (11) and said base (10) for mounting said movable frame (11) so as to be able to rotate on said base (10) about a first axis (Al) parallel to said reference plane (P0) and to said mounting plane (PI); and - a locking device arranged between said movable frame (11) and said base (10), said locking device being configured to stabilize said movable frame (11) with respect to said base (10) in at least two angular positions defined between said reference plane (P0) and said mounting plane (PI); said structure (1) being characterized in that said locking device comprises: - an elongated stabilizer member (12), a second pivotal link being arranged between said movable frame (11) and said stabilizer member (12) to mount said stabilizer member (12) so as to be able to rotate on said movable frame (11) about a second axis (A2) parallel to said first axis (Al) and distant from said first axis, said stabilizer member comprising, on an end portion distant from said second axis (A2), a first connecting element (121); - a first locking member (101) integral with said base (10) and defining a third axis (A3) non-parallel to said first axis (Al) and comprising at least two second connecting elements (102) complementary to said first connecting element (121), said second connecting elements being defined according to different positions, either far or near, from said first axis (Al) and being configured to accommodate said first connecting element (121); - a second locking member (13), a sliding link being arranged between said second locking member (13) and said first locking member (101) to translate said second locking member (13) along said third axis (A3) to a locked position or to an unlocked position, said second locking member (13) being configured to: • in said locked position, lock said first connecting element (121) in the second connecting element (102) that accommodates it, among said at least two second connecting elements (102), and • in said unlocked position, release said first connecting element (121) from said second connecting element (102) that accommodates it.

2. Structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112) configured to accommodate a fourth connecting element (131) integral with the second locking member (13) when the reference plane (P0) and the mounting plane (P1) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the fourth connecting element (131) when the second locking member (13) is in the locked position and being free when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocked position.

3. Structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112) configured to be inserted in the second connecting element (102) when the reference plane (P0) and the mounting plane (P1) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the second connecting element (102) when the second locking member (13) is in the locked position and being free when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocked position.

4. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second locking member (13) comprises a tab (133) configured to allow a user to manipulate the second locking member (13).

5. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The third axis (A3) is parallel to the reference plane (P0) and perpendicular to the first axis (A1).

6. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It comprises a retaining element (14) configured to retain the second locking member (13) in the locked position.

7. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that It comprises a return element (15) configured to bring the second locking member (13) towards the locked position.

8. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The stabilizer member (12) is a round-section stop bar.

9. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The base (10) comprises an aperture (104) opening on a support surface (103) parallel to the reference plane (P0), the aperture (104) being configured to allow a fastening element to pass through.

10. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It comprises a ballast element (17) configured to be moored to the base (10).

11. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that A mechanical stop is configured to limit the travel of the second locking member (13) relative to the first locking member (10b).

12. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The first locking member (101) comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis (A3), the at least two second connecting elements (102) being constituted by notches provided at different locations along the profile, the first connecting element (121) being constituted by a rod configured to be engaged in any one of the at least two notches, the second locking member (13) comprising a lever extending along the third axis (A3) and mounted so as to be able to slide along the third axis (A3) relative to the profile, the lever comprising at least two fingers (132) configured to lock the rod in the notch in a locked position.

13. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, Said base (10) comprises at least one fifth connection element (106, 107, 108) and said movable frame (11) comprises at least one sixth connection element (11b, 11c), said at least one fifth connection element and said at least one sixth connection element being complementary and configured to removably mount and lock said movable frame onto said base by making said first pivotal link along a first axis (Al) during installation.

14. A photovoltaic device, characterized by It comprises a structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel (100) fastened to said movable frame (11).

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, It comprises an inverter (200) electrically connected to said photovoltaic panel (100) via a junction box (300). It comprises an inverter (200) electrically connected to said photovoltaic panel (100) via a junction box (300).

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