Test structure for narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding keyhole behavior research

Abstract

A test structure for narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding keyhole behavior research comprises a to-be-welded base body, high-temperature-resistant transparent glass and a narrow-gap groove assembly, the to-be-welded base body is arranged on the left side of the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass, and the narrow-gap groove assembly is arranged above the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass. The left side of the to-be-welded base body and the right side of the narrow-gap groove assembly are provided with symmetrical half narrow-gap grooves respectively, the to-be-welded base body and the narrow-gap groove assembly are mechanically connected with the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass respectively, and after the to-be-welded base body, the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass and the narrow-gap groove assembly are assembled, the size of the to-be-welded base body, the size of the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass and the size of the narrow-gap groove assembly are basically consistent with the size of an actual welding piece and The device has the advantages that the structure is reasonable, the spatial constraint characteristic of a narrow-gap groove is restored, the accuracy of narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding keyhole behavior research is guaranteed, real-time monitoring of narrow-gap hybrid welding keyhole behaviors is achieved, and meanwhile the method is flexible, reliable, high in applicability and low in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding technology, and relates to a test structure for studying keyhole behavior in narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding. Background Technology

[0002] Narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding is a low-material-consumption, high-efficiency, and high-quality welding technology for thick plate metals. Compared with single-heat-source narrow-gap arc welding and narrow-gap laser welding, dual-heat-source laser-arc hybrid welding has advantages such as deep penetration, strong gap adaptability, and narrow heat-affected zone, and is expected to improve both the efficiency and quality of narrow-gap welding. In narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding, keyhole fluctuations and collapses can cause problems such as porosity and spatter, seriously affecting weld quality and joint performance. Therefore, the study of keyhole behavior in narrow-gap hybrid welding is crucial, requiring an intuitive and robust testing device to explore the dynamic / transient characteristics of the keyhole during the welding process, thereby providing support for the control and optimization of the welding process. Currently, the monitoring and imaging of keyhole behavior mainly uses a "sandwich structure" consisting of a metal test plate and high-temperature resistant transparent glass; a high-speed camera captures the dynamic / transient characteristics of the entire keyhole along the weld depth direction from one side of the glass.

[0003] For example, the Chinese patent CN107378281A, entitled "A method for monitoring the dynamic behavior characteristics inside the laser welding molten pool and keyhole", uses the combination of high-temperature resistant glass and a high-speed camera to achieve real-time monitoring of the dynamic behavior characteristics inside the keyhole. The method is simple to operate, but it is mainly applicable to the study of keyhole behavior under the condition of flat plate welding, and not for keyhole behavior in narrow gap composite welding.

[0004] Currently, keyhole behavior studies in narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding commonly employ the aforementioned "sandwich structure" to collect dynamic / transient keyhole characteristics under flat plate welding conditions for analysis. However, in narrow-gap grooves, the arc tends to "climb" along the sidewall and deflect, leading to laser-arc coupling failure and consequently altering keyhole behavior. Therefore, keyhole behavior studies should, as far as possible, ensure the narrow-gap spatial constraints of the test structure, recreate the welding process under narrow-gap spatial constraints, and fully consider the direct and indirect effects of narrow-gap conditions on the keyhole to ensure the accuracy of keyhole behavior studies in narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a test structure with reasonable structural design and flexible and convenient operation for studying the keyhole behavior of narrow gap laser-arc hybrid welding, in order to restore the welding process under narrow gap spatial constraints and improve the accuracy of keyhole behavior research in narrow gap laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a test structure for studying the keyhole behavior of narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding, characterized in that: the test structure includes a substrate to be welded, a high-temperature resistant transparent glass and a narrow-gap bevel assembly, the substrate to be welded is disposed on the left side of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass, the narrow-gap bevel assembly is disposed above the high-temperature resistant transparent glass, the left side of the substrate to be welded and the right side of the narrow-gap bevel assembly respectively have symmetrical half-narrow-gap bevels, the substrate to be welded and the narrow-gap bevel assembly are respectively mechanically connected to the high-temperature resistant transparent glass, and after the substrate to be welded, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass and the narrow-gap bevel assembly are assembled, they are basically consistent with the actual weldment and bevel size.

[0007] Furthermore, the substrate to be welded is a metallic material, including one or more of steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy, and the material of the narrow gap bevel assembly is the same as that of the substrate to be welded.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass includes one or more of soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and quartz glass.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass is a rectangular body with a length equal to the length of the actual weldment under study, a width half the width of the actual weldment, and a height approximately equal to the bevel blunt edge dimension of the actual weldment under study.

[0010] Furthermore, the contact surfaces of the right side of the substrate to be welded and the left side of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass are completely overlapped, and the contact surfaces of the narrow gap bevel assembly below and above the high-temperature resistant transparent glass are completely overlapped.

[0011] Furthermore, the mechanical connection includes bolt connection, tenon connection and / or pin connection, and the substrate to be welded, high-temperature resistant transparent glass and narrow gap bevel assembly are prefabricated by machining.

[0012] Finally, the bevel dimensions are suitable for various narrow-gap bevels applicable to laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0014] First, the test structure is reasonably designed, which maximizes the reproduction of the spatial constraint characteristics of narrow gap bevels and ensures the accuracy of the keyhole behavior study in narrow gap laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0015] Second, the test structure, in conjunction with a high-speed camera, enables real-time monitoring of keyhole behavior in narrow-gap laser-arc composite welding. With the help of computer processing, the dynamic / transient characteristics of the keyhole can be observed intuitively and clearly.

[0016] Third, the test structure can be designed according to the actual narrow gap bevel size of the research. The method is flexible, reliable, highly applicable, and low in cost, which is conducive to its promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The main view;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working process of this utility model in conjunction with a high-speed camera system to capture the keyhole behavior of narrow-gap laser-arc composite welding.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the laser acting on the interface between the substrate to be welded and the high-temperature resistant transparent glass, with the electric arc (welding wire) positioned in the middle of a narrow gap groove;

[0021] Figure 5 The transient characteristics of the keyhole behavior of this utility model are used;

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1-Substrate to be welded, 2-High temperature resistant transparent glass, 3-Narrow gap bevel assembly, 4-High speed camera, 5-Computer, 6-Laser, 7-Laser beam, 8-MIG welding power source, 9-MIG welding wire. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] like Figures 1-5As shown, a test structure for studying the keyhole behavior of narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding includes a substrate 1, a high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2, and a narrow-gap bevel assembly 3. The substrate 1 is positioned to the left of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2, and the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 is positioned above the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2. The left side of the substrate 1 and the right side of the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 each have a symmetrical half-narrow-gap bevel. The substrate 1 and the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 are mechanically connected to the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2, including bolt connections, tenon and mortise connections, and / or pin connections. The substrate 1 is made of a metallic material, including one or more of steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, and magnesium alloy. The material of the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 is the same as that of the substrate 1. The high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2 includes one or more of soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and quartz glass. The high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2 is rectangular, with a length equal to the length of the actual weldment under study, a width half the width of the actual weldment, and a height approximately equal to the bevel blunt edge dimension of the actual weldment under study. After assembly, the substrate 1, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2, and the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 are essentially identical to the actual weldment and bevel dimensions. The bevel type and dimensions are all suitable for various narrow-gap bevels applicable to laser-arc hybrid welding. The substrate 1, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2, and the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 are all prefabricated using machining according to the actual designed weldment and bevel dimensions.

[0026] This embodiment provides a test structure for studying the keyhole behavior of narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding of thick Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates. The actual weldment size is 150×100×20mm, and the bevel shape and dimensions are as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0027] In this embodiment, the substrate 1 to be welded is made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, with a length of 150mm, a width of 100mm, and a height of 20mm; the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2 is a rectangular quartz glass (SiO2) with a length of 150mm, a width of 100mm, and a height of 5mm; and the narrow-gap bevel assembly 3 is made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy with a length of 150mm, a width of 100mm, and a height of 15mm.

[0028] During processing, wire EDM and milling machines are used to process symmetrical half-narrow gap bevels on the substrate 1 to be welded and the narrow gap bevel assembly 3, referring to the bevel form and size of the actual weldment. After processing, the right side of the substrate 1 to be welded is placed to completely overlap with the left side of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2, and the lower part of the narrow gap bevel assembly 3 is placed to completely overlap with the upper part of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2. The substrate 1 to be welded, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2 and the narrow gap bevel assembly 3 are assembled by bolt connection. After assembly, the dimensions should be basically consistent with the actual weldment and bevel.

[0029] In specific operations, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the assembled test structure is placed on the traveling mechanism of the workbench, and a welding test is carried out in the groove using laser-arc hybrid welding. The MIG welding power supply 8 is turned on, and the laser beam 7 is applied to the interface between the substrate 1 to be welded and the high-temperature resistant transparent glass 2 through the laser 6. At the same time, the distance between the arc (MIG welding wire 9) and the two side walls is kept as equal as possible. During the test, the movement of the test structure is controlled to ensure that the high-speed camera 4 can synchronously capture the clear dynamic morphology of the keyhole.

[0030] The test structure of this invention is rationally designed, replicating the spatial constraint characteristics of narrow-gap bevels, ensuring the accuracy of keyhole behavior research in narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding, and realizing real-time monitoring of keyhole behavior in narrow-gap hybrid welding. Furthermore, this method is flexible, reliable, highly applicable, and low-cost. It is suitable for keyhole behavior research in narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A test structure for studying keyhole behavior in narrow-gap laser-arc hybrid welding, characterized in that: The test structure includes a substrate to be welded, high-temperature resistant transparent glass, and a narrow-gap bevel assembly. The substrate to be welded is located on the left side of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass, and the narrow-gap bevel assembly is located above the high-temperature resistant transparent glass. The left side of the substrate to be welded and the right side of the narrow-gap bevel assembly each have a symmetrical half-narrow-gap bevel. The substrate to be welded and the narrow-gap bevel assembly are mechanically connected to the high-temperature resistant transparent glass. After the substrate to be welded, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass, and the narrow-gap bevel assembly are assembled, their dimensions are basically consistent with the actual weldment and bevel dimensions.

2. The test structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate to be welded is a metallic material, including one or more of steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy. The material of the narrow gap bevel assembly is the same as that of the substrate to be welded.

3. The test structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant transparent glass includes one or more of soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and quartz glass.

4. The test structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant transparent glass is rectangular, with a length equal to the length of the actual weldment under study, a width half the width of the actual weldment, and a height approximately equal to the bevel blunt edge dimension of the actual weldment under study.

5. The test structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The contact surfaces of the right side of the substrate to be welded and the left side of the high-temperature resistant transparent glass are completely overlapped, and the contact surfaces of the narrow gap bevel assembly below and the high-temperature resistant transparent glass above are completely overlapped.

6. The test structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The mechanical connections include bolted connections, tenon and mortise connections and / or pin connections. The substrate to be welded, the high-temperature resistant transparent glass and the narrow-gap bevel assembly are prefabricated by machining.

7. The test structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The bevel dimensions are suitable for various narrow gap bevels applicable to laser-arc hybrid welding.

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