Reinforcement cage fixing and hoisting device
By combining a pull-out hoisting buckle and a support rod, the problems of unstable hoisting of the rebar cage and insecure fixing of the sonic probe were solved, thus achieving stability and positional accuracy in the hoisting process of the rebar cage and improving construction quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520173217.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-26
AI Technical Summary
The existing construction of reinforced cages suffers from problems such as unstable fixing of sonic probes, unstable hoisting and easy deformation, which leads to overlapping failures and affects the quality of the project.
A combination of pull-out lifting buckles, support rods, and fixing devices is used. The hooks engage the pull-out lifting buckles, the support rods distribute the tension, and the fixing devices move radially along the reinforcing cage to tighten the sonic probe and the reinforcing cage, ensuring lifting stability and positional fixation.
This improved the stability of the rebar cage hoisting process, reduced structural damage, ensured the accurate positioning of the sonic probe and rebar cage, and enhanced construction quality and efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN223779797U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to building construction technical field especially, relate to a reinforcing cage fixing and hoisting device. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the development of the construction industry and the promotion of building industrialization, building construction technology is continuously improved, and in the building construction process, a foundation pit needs to be dug and a reinforcing cage is lowered into the foundation pit, and then concrete is poured into the foundation pit, and the column reinforcing cage is vertically connected, in the process of overall assembly and connection of the reinforcing cage, the reinforcing cage needs to be hoisted from the end of the reinforcing cage, and then the reinforcing cage is hoisted to the preset position by a crane, and the staff assists the reinforcing cage to be lowered into the foundation pit on one side of the foundation pit, wherein, in the process of lowering the reinforcing cage, there is a lack of corresponding limiting mechanism, the reinforcing cage is prone to tilting and shaking, and the position of the reinforcing cage needs to be repeatedly adjusted, however, the reinforcing cage is large in size and weight, and it is inconvenient to actually adjust, and there is certain limitation.
[0003] The existing reinforcing cage pouring construction process has the following problems:
[0004] 1. The existing reinforcing cage pouring construction process needs to pour the sound detection pipe together in order to detect the ground pile, but in the actual pouring process, the sound detection pipe is often not fixed firmly and is damaged, which adversely affects the subsequent construction.
[0005] 2. In the process of hoisting the existing reinforcing cage, the reinforcing cage structure is often damaged due to non-standard hoisting process, which affects the engineering quality.
[0006] 3. In the process of lapping between different reinforcing cages, the lapping often fails due to unstable state of the bottom reinforcing cage, which affects the construction period and engineering quality to different degrees. INVENTION CONTENTS
[0007] The utility model provides a reinforcing cage fixing and hoisting device to overcome the technical problems of unstable fixing of the sound detection pipe of the reinforcing cage, unstable hoisting of the reinforcing cage and easy deformation of the reinforcing cage in the existing reinforcing cage pouring process, which leads to failure of the reinforcing cage lapping and affects the engineering quality.
[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is:
[0009] A reinforcing cage fixing and hoisting device, comprising: a hoisting buckle, a supporting rod, a fixing device and a supporting rod fixing device;
[0010] The one end of the lifting and hoisting buckle inserted into the reinforcement cage is connected with the fixing device, the other end of the lifting and hoisting buckle is hinged with one end of the supporting rod, the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the supporting rod fixing device, and the supporting rod fixing device can be fixed, so that the lifting hook can be hooked on the lifting and hoisting buckle for hoisting, or the lifting and hoisting buckle can drive the fixing device to move together along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage, and the reinforcement cage and the sound detection pipe inserted into the reinforcement cage are clamped.
[0011] Further, the lifting and hoisting buckle is slidably connected with the fixing device; when the lifting and hoisting buckle clamps the reinforcement cage and the sound detection pipe, the lifting and hoisting buckle can slide on the fixing device relative to the fixing device along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage, so that the fixing device clamps the reinforcement cage and the sound detection pipe.
[0012] Further, the lifting and hoisting buckle comprises a lifting plate and a pulley;
[0013] The lifting plate is provided with a lifting hook accommodating groove; one end of the lifting hook accommodating groove inserted into the fixing device is provided with the pulley, and the pulley can slide on the fixing device, so that the lifting and hoisting buckle can drive the fixing device to move along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage.
[0014] Further, the fixing device comprises a fixing box, a sliding channel and a limiting baffle;
[0015] The fixing device comprises a fixing box, a sliding channel and a limiting baffle;
[0016] The two sides of the fixing box are internally provided with sliding channels, and the fixing box is provided with a fixing groove; one side of the sliding channel is provided with a sliding groove, the lifting plate can be inserted into the sliding channel, the pulley slides on the sliding groove, drives the fixing box and the lifting plate to move together along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage, and clamps the reinforcement cage and the sound detection pipe in the fixing groove; one end of the sliding groove close to the reinforcement cage is provided with a limiting baffle, and the limiting baffle can limit the movement of the pulley in the sliding groove.
[0017] Further, a anti-collision coating is arranged on the inner wall of the fixing box.
[0018] Further, the supporting rod fixing device comprises a fixing block and a screw;
[0019] The fixing block is fixed on the main reinforcement of the reinforcement cage, the fixing block is internally provided with a supporting rod mounting groove, one end of the supporting rod connected with the supporting rod fixing device is arranged in the supporting rod mounting groove, and the screw can be screwed into or out of the upper and lower surfaces of the fixing block and the other end of the supporting rod, so that the supporting rod is fixed on the fixing block.
[0020] Further, the movable joint is further included;
[0021] The movable joint is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the end of the support rod connected with the lifting buckle, and is hinged with the end of the support rod through the movable joint.
[0022] Further, the movable joint includes a movable joint shell and a rotating shaft.
[0023] The end of the support rod close to the lifting buckle is provided with a connecting hole, the rotating shaft passes through the connecting hole, and the support rod is connected with the movable joint, the support rod rotates on the rotating shaft, and then the support rod is disassembled from the support rod fixing device; the movable joint shell is arranged at the two ends of the rotating shaft, and the movable joint can be fixed on the lifting buckle through the movable joint shell.
[0024] Beneficial effects: the steel reinforcement cage fixing and hoisting device provided by the utility model reduces the damage to the steel reinforcement cage structure in the transportation process by setting the support rod and the lifting buckle, and improves the stability of the hoisting process; after the steel reinforcement cage is placed in the foundation pit, the lifting buckle and the fixing device are pulled to a certain position and fixed, the sound probe pipe inserted into the steel reinforcement cage is clamped tightly, the position of the sound probe pipe and the steel reinforcement cage is fixed, and the lapping of the steel reinforcement cage is facilitated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or the prior art description, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the utility model, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without paying the creative labor.
[0026] Figure 1 The structural diagram of the steel reinforcement cage fixing and hoisting device provided by the utility model is shown in the figure.
[0027] Figure 2 The top view of the lifting buckle provided by the utility model is shown in the figure.
[0028] Figure 3 The overall structure diagram of the fixing device provided by the utility model is shown in the figure.
[0029] Figure 4 The top view of the lifting buckle and the fixing device provided by the utility model is shown in the figure.
[0030] Figure 5The utility model provides a structure schematic drawing of the sliding of the lifting type lifting buckle in the fixing device.
[0031] Figure 6 The utility model provides a structure schematic drawing of the fixing device of support rod.
[0032] Figure 7 The utility model provides a whole schematic drawing of movable joint and lifting type lifting buckle.
[0033] Figure 8 The utility model provides a structure schematic drawing of movable joint.
[0034] In the drawing, 5, reinforcement cage;7, acoustic probe pipe;41, lifting type lifting buckle;42, support rod;43, fixing device;44, movable joint;45, support rod fixing device;51, reinforcement cage main reinforcement;411, pull-out plate;412, pulley;421, connecting hole;431, fixed box;432, slide;433, limiting baffle;434, sliding slot;435, fixed groove;436, anti-collision coating;441, movable joint shell;442, rotating shaft;451, fixed block;452, screw;453, support rod installation groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the utility model embodiment more clear, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the utility model embodiment, obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all the embodiment. Based on the embodiment in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by the ordinary skill in the art without making creative labor belong to the range of the utility model protection.
[0036] The embodiment provides a reinforcement cage fixing and lifting device, as shown in the drawing, including lifting type lifting buckle 41, support rod 42, fixing device 43 and support rod fixing device 45. Figure 1
[0037] One end of the lifting type lifting buckle 41 inserted into the reinforcement cage 5 is connected with the fixing device 43, and the other end of the lifting type lifting buckle 41 is hinged with one end of the support rod 42, and the other end of the support rod 42 is connected with the support rod fixing device 45, can be fixed on the support rod fixing device 45, further make that the lifting hook can hook the lifting type lifting buckle 41 and lift, or disassemble from the support rod fixing device 45, make the lifting type lifting buckle 41 drive the fixing device 43 and move along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage 5 together, and the reinforcement cage 5 and the acoustic probe pipe 7 inserted into the reinforcement cage are clamped tightly.
[0038] Specifically, the device comprises a pulling type lifting clamp, a supporting rod, a fixing device and a supporting rod fixing device, before lifting, the pulling type lifting clamp and the fixing device are respectively placed on both sides of the main reinforcement of the reinforcement cage, one end of the pulling type lifting clamp inserted into the reinforcement cage is connected with the fixing device, so that the pulling type lifting clamp can drive the fixing device to slide along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage and slide on the fixing device relative to the fixing device to tighten the reinforcement cage; the supporting rod fixing device is welded on the main reinforcement of the reinforcement cage, one end of the supporting rod is hinged to the other end of the pulling type lifting clamp, and the other end is fixed on the supporting rod fixing device, which can ensure that the hook can stably hook the pulling type lifting clamp during lifting of the reinforcement cage, and the supporting rod can disperse the tension applied to the pulling type lifting clamp to reduce deformation and damage of the reinforcement cage; during lifting, the pulling type lifting clamp is hooked, the reinforcement cage is lifted and placed into the foundation pit, the pulling type lifting clamp is placed at the port at the upper end of the foundation pit, the two sound detection pipes are inserted into the gap between the fixing device and the pulling type lifting clamp, the supporting rod is detached from the supporting rod fixing device, the pulling type lifting clamp is pulled to drive the fixing device to move along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage, and the sound detection pipe and the reinforcement cage are clamped.
[0039] In specific embodiments, the pulling type lifting clamp 41 is in sliding connection with the fixing device 43; the pulling type lifting clamp 41 can slide on the fixing device 43 relative to the fixing device 43 along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage 5 when the fixing device 43 clamps the reinforcement cage 5 and the sound detection pipe 7, so as to tighten the reinforcement cage 5 and the sound detection pipe 7.
[0040] The pulling type lifting clamp is in sliding connection with the fixing device, and can continue to pull the pulling type lifting clamp when the fixing device clamps the sound detection pipe or the reinforcement cage, so that the pulling type lifting clamp slides on the fixing device relative to the fixing device in the radial direction of the reinforcement cage until the fixing device stops when the position of the fixing device clamping the reinforcement cage does not deviate, at which time the position of the pulling type lifting clamp is fixed, the splicing work of the reinforcement cage is carried out, and after the splicing is completed, the pulling type lifting clamp is pushed back to carry out the splicing work of the reinforcement cage in the next stage, so as to ensure that the position of the reinforcement cage or the sound detection pipe does not deviate during construction, and improve the accuracy of splicing of the reinforcement cage.
[0041] In specific embodiments, as shown in Figure 2 The pulling type lifting clamp 41 comprises a pulling plate 411 and a pulley 412;
[0042] The pulling plate 411 is provided with a hook accommodating groove 413; one end of the hook accommodating groove 413 on both sides is inserted into the fixing device 43 and provided with the pulley 412, and the pulley 412 can slide on the fixing device 43, so that the pulling type lifting clamp 41 can drive the fixing device 43 to move along the radial direction of the reinforcement cage 5.
[0043] Specifically, the lifting buckle comprises a pull plate and a pulley, the pull plate is a rectangular plate, a lifting hook accommodating groove for placing a reinforcing cage lifting hook is arranged in the pull plate, a pulley is arranged at one end of the reinforcing cage inserted into the lifting hook accommodating groove on both sides, the lifting buckle can drive the fixing device to move together by placing the pulley in the fixing device, and the fixing device slides on the fixing device to fix the positions of the sound detection pipe and the reinforcing cage.
[0044] In the embodiment, the lifting buckle is arranged to avoid the lifting hook directly hooking the reinforcing cage during lifting of the reinforcing cage, reduce damage to the reinforcing cage structure during transportation, and ensure the stable state of the reinforcing cage through the supporting action of the buckle; after lifting, the lifting buckle can be pulled to drive the fixing device to move together, the sound detection pipe and the reinforcing cage inserted into the reinforcing cage are fixed, and the splicing work of the reinforcing cage and the pouring work of the sound detection pipe are facilitated.
[0045] In specific embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the fixing device 43 comprises a fixing box 431, a slide 432 and a limiting baffle 433;
[0046] The slide 432 is arranged on both sides of the inside of the fixing box 431, and the fixing groove 435 is arranged on the fixing box 431; one side of the slide 432 is provided with a sliding groove 434, the pull plate 411 can be inserted into the slide 432, the pulley 412 slides on the sliding groove 434, drives the fixing box 431 and the pull plate 411 to move together along the radial direction of the reinforcing cage 5, and clamps the reinforcing cage 5 and the sound detection pipe 7 in the fixing groove 435; the limiting baffle 433 is arranged at one end of the sliding groove 434 close to the reinforcing cage 5, and the limiting baffle 433 can limit the movement of the pulley 412 in the sliding groove 434.
[0047] Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 , the fixing box is a rectangular box, provided with a U-shaped fixing groove penetrating through the upper and lower surfaces, and the slides are arranged on both sides of the inside of the fixing box, and the sliding groove for placing the pulley is arranged on one side of the slide; as shown in Figure 4 , the pulley and the pull plate can be inserted into the fixing box, as shown in Figure 5 , the pulley is placed into the sliding groove, and the pull plate is placed on the slide to slide; the limiting baffle is arranged at one end of the sliding groove close to the reinforcing cage, and the limiting baffle can limit the sliding of the pulley in the sliding groove.
[0048] In the embodiment, the fixing device is arranged, and the pull-out lifting buckle can slide in the fixing device. After the reinforcement cage is placed into the foundation pit, the sound detection tube is placed into the fixing groove, the pull-out lifting buckle is pulled to drive the fixing box to move together, the fixing box is close to the sound detection tube and the reinforcement cage and the fixing box is clamped around the sound detection tube and the reinforcement cage. When the fixing box is clamped around the sound detection tube and the reinforcement cage, the pull-out plate is pulled until the pulley reaches the limiting baffle, and then the pull-out plate is continuously pulled until the fixing box can tightly clamp the reinforcement cage, so that the positions of the reinforcement cage and the sound detection tube are not deviated. The position of the pull-out lifting buckle is fixed by using a heavy object, the lapping of the reinforcement cage and the pouring of the sound detection tube are performed.
[0049] In specific embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 The fixing device 43 further comprises an anti-collision coating 436 arranged on the inner wall of the fixing box 431.
[0050] In the embodiment, the shape of the anti-collision coating is consistent with the shape of the groove, which is U-shaped, and the material is a sponge gasket. After the sound detection tube is placed into the foundation pit, the anti-collision coating can reduce the friction between the fixing box and the sound detection tube, protect the sound detection tube, and prevent the sound detection tube from being damaged or broken.
[0051] In specific embodiments, as shown in Figure 6 The support rod fixing device 45 comprises a fixing block 451 and a screw 452.
[0052] The fixing block 451 is fixed on the main reinforcement 51 of the reinforcement cage, the support rod installation groove 453 is arranged in the fixing block 451, one end of the support rod 42 connected with the support rod fixing device 45 is arranged in the support rod installation groove 453, and the screw 452 can be screwed into or out of the upper and lower surfaces of the fixing block 451 and the one end of the support rod 42 connected with the support rod fixing device 45, so as to fix the support rod 42 on the fixing block 451.
[0053] Specifically, the fixing block is welded on the main reinforcement of the reinforcement cage, and the support rod installation groove is arranged on the fixing block, so that the length of one side of the fixing block is longer than the length of the other side. The one end of the support rod close to the support rod fixing device is arranged in the support rod installation groove, and the screw passes through the upper and lower surfaces of the fixing block and the one end close to the support rod fixing device, so as to fix the support rod and the support rod fixing device, and then fix the position of the pull-out lifting buckle connected with the support rod, so that the lifting hook can lift the pull-out lifting buckle when the reinforcement cage is lifted. After the reinforcement cage is lifted into the foundation pit, the screw is pulled out, the support rod is detached from the fixing block, the pull-out lifting buckle is placed at the port at the upper end of the foundation pit, and then the pull-out lifting buckle and the fixing device are adjusted to fix the positions of the reinforcement cage and the sound detection tube.
[0054] In specific embodiments, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8Further, the device also comprises movable joints 44; the movable joints 44 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the end of the support rod 42 connected with the movable hoisting buckle 41, and are hinged with the end of the support rod 42 through the movable joints 44;
[0055] The movable joints 44 comprise movable joint housings 441 and pivots 442;
[0056] The end of the support rod 42 close to the movable hoisting buckle 41 is provided with a connecting hole 421, the pivot 442 passes through the connecting hole 421, and the support rod 42 is connected with the movable joint 44, the support rod 42 rotates on the pivot 442, and then the support rod 42 is detached from the support rod fixing device 45; the two ends of the pivot 442 are provided with the movable joint housings 441, and the movable joint 44 can be fixed on the movable hoisting buckle 41 through the movable joint housings 441.
[0057] In the embodiment, the movable joints are arranged, the angle of the support rod can be adjusted, the most suitable position for hoisting can be found before hoisting, and the support rod can be detached from the support rod fixing device without moving the movable hoisting buckle after hoisting, so that the stability of the hoisting process is ensured.
[0058] The overall operation process of the device is as follows:
[0059] In the construction process, first, the crane hook is hooked on the assembled hoisting buckle for hoisting operation, after hoisting to the foundation pit, the screw is screwed, the support rod is placed, the movable hoisting buckle is pulled out and placed at the port at the upper end of the foundation pit, the sound probe pipe is inserted into the gap between the fixing device and the reinforcement cage, the movable hoisting buckle is pulled and the fixing box is moved along the reinforcement cage in the radial direction, approaches the sound probe pipe and the reinforcement cage, until the anti-collision coating in the fixing groove contacts the sound probe pipe or the reinforcement cage, continues to pull the movable hoisting buckle, until the sound probe pipe and the reinforcement cage are clamped, a heavy object is used to press the movable hoisting buckle, the reinforcement cage and the sound probe pipe are ensured to be in a vertical state, the reinforcement cage lapping operation and the sound probe pipe pouring work are carried out, after the operation is completed, the fixing block is removed, and the movable hoisting buckle is pushed back, and the next stage of reinforcement cage lapping operation is carried out.
[0060] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A reinforcing cage fixing and hoisting device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a steel bar cage lifting device, including: A hoisting buckle (41), a support rod (42), a fixing device (43) and a support rod fixing device (45) are included; One end of the hoisting buckle (41) is connected with the fixing device (43) and inserted into the steel bar cage (5), the other end of the hoisting buckle (41) is hinged with one end of the support rod (42), the other end of the support rod (42) is connected with the support rod fixing device (45), and the support rod fixing device (45) can be fixed on the support rod fixing device (45), so that the hook can hook the hoisting buckle (41) for hoisting, or the hoisting buckle (41) drives the fixing device (43) to move together along the radial direction of the steel bar cage (5) to clamp the steel bar cage (5) and the sound probe pipe (7) inserted into the steel bar cage.
2. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, The hoisting buckle (41) is slidably connected with the fixing device (43), and the hoisting buckle (41) can slide on the fixing device (43) relative to the fixing device (43) along the radial direction of the steel bar cage (5) when the fixing device (43) clamps the steel bar cage (5) and the sound probe pipe (7), so that the fixing device (43) clamps the steel bar cage (5) and the sound probe pipe (7).
3. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that, The hoisting buckle (41) includes a pull plate (411) and a pulley (412). The pull plate (411) is provided with a hook accommodating groove (413), and one end of the hook accommodating groove (413) on both sides is provided with the pulley (412) inserted into the fixing device (43), and the pulley (412) can slide on the fixing device (43), so that the hoisting buckle (41) can drive the fixing device (43) to move along the radial direction of the steel bar cage (5).
4. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that, The fixing device (43) includes a fixing box (431), a sliding channel (432) and a limiting baffle (433). The fixing box (431) is provided with a fixing groove (435) on both sides of the inner part of the sliding channel (432), and one side of the sliding channel (432) is provided with a sliding groove (434), the pull plate (411) can be inserted into the sliding channel (432), the pulley (412) slides on the sliding groove (434), drives the fixing box (431) and the pull plate (411) to move together along the radial direction of the steel bar cage (5), clamps the steel bar cage (5) and the sound probe pipe (7) in the fixing groove (435), and the limiting baffle (433) is arranged at one end of the sliding groove (434) close to the steel bar cage (5), and the limiting baffle (433) can limit the movement of the pulley (412) in the sliding groove (434).
5. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that, A collision-proof coating (436) is further arranged on the inner wall of the fixing box (431).
6. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, The support rod fixing device (45) includes a fixing block (451) and a screw (452). The fixed block (451) is fixed on the main reinforcement (51), the fixed block (451) is provided with a support rod installation slot (453), one end of the support rod (42) connected with the support rod fixing device (45) is arranged in the support rod installation slot (453), the screw (452) can be screwed into or out of the upper and lower surfaces of the fixed block (451) and one end of the support rod (42) connected with the support rod fixing device (45), so as to fix the support rod (42) on the fixed block (451).
7. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Further comprising a movable joint (44); The movable joint (44) is arranged on the upper and lower sides of one end of the support rod (42) connected with the movable lifting buckle (41), and is hinged with one end of the support rod (42) through the movable joint (44).
8. A reinforcing cage fixing and lifting device as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that, The movable joint (44) comprises a movable joint shell (441) and a rotating shaft (442). One end of the support rod (42) close to the movable lifting buckle (41) is provided with a connecting hole (421), the rotating shaft (442) passes through the connecting hole (421), the support rod (42) is connected with the movable joint (44), the support rod (42) rotates on the rotating shaft (442), and then the support rod (42) is disassembled from the support rod fixing device (45); the rotating shaft (442) is provided with the movable joint shell (441) at both ends, and the movable joint (44) can be fixed on the movable lifting buckle (41) through the movable joint shell (441).