Hydrogen charging system for solid hydrogen storage cylinder

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen filling system for a solid hydrogen storage bottle, which relates to the technical field of hydrogen filling for solid hydrogen storage bottles and comprises a high-pressure hydrogen source which is sequentially connected with a stop valve, a pressure reducing valve, a first pressure sensor, a pressure regulating valve, a second pressure sensor, a flow meter and a one-way valve through a hydrogen filling pipeline. The one-way valve is connected with a hydrogen inlet of a solid hydrogen storage bottle through a quick plug, and the solid hydrogen storage bottle is connected with a temperature control module. By arranging the stop valve, the pressure reducing valve, the first pressure sensor, the pressure regulating valve, the second pressure sensor, the flow meter, the one-way valve and the temperature control module, accurate control over the temperature, pressure and flow during hydrogen filling of the solid hydrogen storage bottle is achieved, it is guaranteed that the fixed hydrogen storage bottle can be subjected to hydrogen filling operation under the set pressure, flow and temperature, and the hydrogen filling system is safe and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of filling solid hydrogen storage cylinders with hydrogen, and specifically to a hydrogen filling system for solid hydrogen storage cylinders. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage is a technology that stores hydrogen in a solid form within solid materials. This technology allows hydrogen to be stored at lower pressures, thus improving safety and reducing hydrogen leakage. Solid-state hydrogen storage typically uses solid media such as metal hydrides or carbon materials. The advantages of this storage method include small size, convenient transportation, and low risk of hydrogen leakage.

[0003] When filling solid-state hydrogen storage cylinders with hydrogen, the pressure, flow rate, and temperature must be strictly controlled. This is determined by the reaction characteristics of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, safety requirements, and system efficiency. The following is a detailed analysis:

[0004] Necessity of Pressure Control: 1. To drive the hydrogen absorption reaction: The hydrogen absorption process of solid hydrogen storage materials is a reversible reaction, requiring a certain pressure to combine with hydrogen to form hydrides. For example, the equilibrium pressure for hydrogen absorption of metal hydrides is typically 0.1-10 MPa. The charging pressure needs to be higher than this equilibrium pressure to drive the reaction forward. If the pressure is insufficient, the hydrogen absorption rate will decrease significantly, resulting in incomplete charging; 2. Overpressure poses a risk: Excessive pressure may exceed the design pressure limit of the hydrogen storage cylinder or cause structural damage to the hydrogen storage material (such as alloy pulverization). The charging pressure must be controlled within a safe threshold; 3. To avoid pressure shocks: If the pressure rises sharply at the beginning of charging, it may cause violent local reactions in the hydrogen storage material, resulting in stress concentration or powder compaction, affecting long-term cycle performance. Gradual pressure increase (such as staged pressure control) can improve the uniformity of hydrogen absorption.

[0005] Necessity of flow control: 1. To suppress the heat accumulation of exothermic reactions: Solid hydrogen storage materials release a large amount of heat when absorbing hydrogen. If the hydrogen filling flow rate is too fast, the heat generation per unit time will increase, which may lead to a sharp rise in the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank; 2. Risk of temperature runaway: Local overheating will increase the hydrogen absorption equilibrium pressure of the material, reduce the reverse reaction rate, and even cause the decomposition of the generated hydrides (if the temperature exceeds the material decomposition temperature). At the same time, high temperature may damage the hydrogen storage tank seals or cause hydrogen leakage; 3. Requirements for uniform reaction: Low and stable flow rate can ensure uniform heat dissipation, avoid the formation of "hot spots", and improve hydrogen filling efficiency and material life; 4. Matching the system heat dissipation capacity: The hydrogen filling flow rate must be matched with the capacity of the supporting cooling system (such as coolant circulation and heat sink).

[0006] Necessity of temperature control: 1. The hydrogen absorption rate of solid hydrogen storage materials is sensitive to temperature. When the temperature is too low, the activation energy of the reaction is high, the hydrogen absorption rate is slow, or even cannot be started. When the temperature is too high, the hydrogen absorption equilibrium pressure will rise, reducing the hydrogen storage capacity of the material. Therefore, it is necessary to control the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage bottle within the optimal hydrogen absorption temperature range of the material. 2. Exceeding the temperature limit may cause the hydrogen storage material to decompose or undergo a phase change, destroying the structural stability, intensifying the thermal motion of hydrogen molecules, and causing an abnormal increase in the pressure inside the bottle.

[0007] Therefore, it is crucial to strictly control the pressure, flow rate, and temperature of hydrogen during the filling of solid hydrogen storage cylinders. Announcement No. CN217057140U discloses a portable solid hydrogen storage filling and discharging device, including a hydrogen-handling device, a temperature control system, and a controller. The hydrogen-handling device includes a solid hydrogen storage cylinder, a hydrogen filling pipeline, and a hydrogen discharging pipeline. Both the hydrogen filling and discharging pipelines are equipped with a pressure reducing valve, a first pressure sensor, a first solenoid valve, and a mass flow controller. The temperature control system includes a coolant circulation pipeline, and a water pump and a heat exchanger for heat exchange with the solid hydrogen storage cylinder are installed on the main pipeline of the coolant circulation pipeline.

[0008] Publication No. CN112082087B discloses an automatic control system and method for hydrogen absorption and desorption of solid hydrogen storage materials, including a hydrogen filling pipe section, a hydrogen discharging pipe section, and a stainless steel hydrogen storage tank. Hydrogen filling holes and hydrogen discharging holes are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the tank cover. A temperature measuring hole is provided in the middle of the tank cover. The hydrogen filling hole is connected to a hydrogen compressor through a hydrogen filling pipe. A thermocouple is inserted into the temperature measuring hole. An insulation layer is provided on the outside of the stainless steel tank, and an electromagnetic heating coil is installed in the insulation layer to achieve automatic control of temperature and hydrogen pressure.

[0009] However, the hydrogen filling systems for the aforementioned solid hydrogen storage cylinders all lack precise control over the pressure, flow rate, and temperature during hydrogen filling. Therefore, we propose a hydrogen filling system for solid hydrogen storage cylinders to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a hydrogen filling system for a solid hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a hydrogen filling system for a solid hydrogen storage cylinder, comprising a high-pressure hydrogen source, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen source is sequentially connected to a shut-off valve, a pressure reducing valve, a first pressure sensor, a pressure regulating valve, a second pressure sensor, a flow meter, and a one-way valve via a hydrogen filling pipeline, wherein the one-way valve is connected to the hydrogen filling port of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder via a quick-connect plug, and a temperature control module is connected to the solid hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature control module includes a semiconductor cooling chip, a housing, a water tank, a water pump, and a radiator. The semiconductor cooling chip is attached to the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage bottle, and the housing covers the outside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle. The cavity between the housing and the solid hydrogen storage bottle forms a circulating water channel. The outlet of the housing, the water tank, the water pump, the radiator, and the inlet of the housing are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop.

[0013] Preferably, the heat-absorbing end of the semiconductor refrigeration chip is attached to the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage bottle, and the heat-releasing end of the semiconductor refrigeration chip faces outward.

[0014] Preferably, a temperature sensor is provided inside the housing, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the water temperature inside the housing.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a PLC controller, wherein the pressure reducing valve, the first pressure sensor, the pressure regulating valve, the second pressure sensor, the flow meter, the water pump, the radiator, and the temperature sensor are respectively connected to the PLC controller.

[0016] Preferably, the flow direction of the one-way valve is from the flow meter to the solid hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0017] Compared with related technologies, the solid hydrogen storage cylinder filling system provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] This invention achieves precise control of temperature, pressure, and flow rate during hydrogen filling of solid hydrogen storage cylinders by setting up a shut-off valve, a pressure reducing valve, a first pressure sensor, a pressure regulating valve, a second pressure sensor, a flow meter, a check valve, and a temperature control module. This ensures that the fixed hydrogen storage cylinders can be filled with hydrogen at the set pressure, flow rate, and temperature, making the hydrogen filling system safe and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a hydrogen filling system for solid hydrogen storage cylinders.

[0020] Reference numerals: 10, High-pressure hydrogen source; 20, Shut-off valve; 30, Pressure reducing valve; 40, First pressure sensor; 50, Pressure regulating valve; 60, Second pressure sensor; 70, Flow meter; 80, Check valve; 90, Solid hydrogen storage cylinder; 100, Temperature control module; 101, Semiconductor cooling chip; 102, Housing; 103, Water tank; 104, Water pump; 105, Radiator. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not require that this utility model be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this utility model should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. Example

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydrogen filling system for a solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder, including a high-pressure hydrogen source 10. The high-pressure hydrogen source 10 can be a 35MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, or an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, etc., and its output hydrogen pressure is significantly higher than that of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder 90. When using a 35MPa or 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to supply hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder 90, the high-pressure hydrogen source 10 is connected in sequence to a shut-off valve 20, a pressure reducing valve 30, a first pressure sensor 40, a pressure regulating valve 50, a second pressure sensor 60, a flow meter 70, and a check valve 80 through a hydrogen filling pipeline. When using an electrolysis hydrogen production device to supply hydrogen to a solid hydrogen storage cylinder 90, the hydrogen outlet of the electrolysis hydrogen production device is first connected to a hydrogen purification unit (not shown in the figure). The hydrogen purification unit includes a gas-water separator and a drying unit to remove moisture from the hydrogen. The hydrogen purification unit is connected in sequence to a shut-off valve 20, a pressure reducing valve 30, a first pressure sensor 40, a pressure regulating valve 50, a second pressure sensor 60, a flow meter 70, and a one-way valve 80 through a hydrogen filling pipeline.

[0025] One-way valve 80 connects to the hydrogen filling port of solid hydrogen storage cylinder 90 via a hose and quick-connect plug. The flow direction of one-way valve 80 is from flow meter 70 to solid hydrogen storage cylinder 90. The quick-connect plug includes a male and a female quick-connect connector, and the connection between the male and female quick-connect connectors is simple. The hydrogen input from high-pressure hydrogen source 10 to the hydrogen filling pipeline first passes through shut-off valve 20 to control the hydrogen flow and regulate the flow rate. Then, pressure reducing valve 30 reduces the high-pressure hydrogen from high-pressure hydrogen source 10 to the applicable pressure range of solid hydrogen storage cylinder 90. Pressure regulating valve 50 is a manual pressure regulating valve used to precisely regulate the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen filling pipeline. First pressure sensor 40 and second pressure sensor 60 are used to detect the hydrogen pressure values ​​before and after pressure regulating valve 50, respectively, to ensure that pressure regulating valve 50 accurately adjusts to the preset hydrogen pressure value. Flow meter 70 is used to precisely regulate the hydrogen flow rate in the hydrogen filling pipeline. The pressure reducing valve 30 is an electric proportional pressure reducing valve 30 with a response time of <50ms. The flow meter 70 is a Coriolis mass flow meter 70 with a reading accuracy of 0.5% and temperature compensation.

[0026] Solid hydrogen storage materials release a large amount of heat when absorbing hydrogen. A temperature control module 100 is installed on the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90 to precisely control the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90.

[0027] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and do not limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present utility model. The present utility model also has the following embodiments based on the above:

[0028] In this embodiment, the temperature control module 100 includes a semiconductor cooling chip 101, a housing 102, a water tank 103, a water pump 104, and a heat sink 105. The semiconductor material of the semiconductor cooling chip 101 exhibits the Peltier effect. When direct current passes through a coupler formed by two different semiconductor materials connected in series, heat can be absorbed and released at the two ends of the coupler, respectively, thus achieving the purpose of cooling. The semiconductor cooling chip 101 of this application has a cooling power ≥120W and ΔTmax=68℃. The semiconductor cooling chip 101 is uniformly attached to the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90. The housing 102 has a hollow cylindrical structure and covers the outside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90. The bottle opening of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90 extends upward to the outside of the housing 102. The cavity between the housing 102 and the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90 forms a circulating water channel. The housing 102 and the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90 are sealed to prevent water from overflowing. The side wall of the outer casing 102 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The water outlet of the outer casing 102, the water tank 103, the water pump 104, the radiator 105, and the water inlet of the outer casing 102 are connected in sequence through water pipes to form a circulation loop.

[0029] In this embodiment, the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric cooler 101 is attached to the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 90, and the heat-releasing end of the thermoelectric cooler 101 faces outward. When the thermoelectric cooler 101 is activated, the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric cooler 101 can achieve rapid cooling and temperature reduction. The heat is transferred to the water in the outer shell 102 through the heat-releasing end of the thermoelectric cooler 101. The water pump 104 is turned on to circulate the water between the outer shell 102, the water tank 103, and the radiator 105, so as to remove the heat generated by the thermoelectric cooler 101 and achieve stable cooling and temperature reduction effect.

[0030] In this embodiment, a temperature sensor is provided inside the housing 102. The temperature sensor is used to detect the water temperature inside the housing 102. Based on the detected water temperature value, the rotation speed of the water pump 104 is adjusted to change the flow rate of the circulating water, so as to accurately control the water temperature inside the housing 102.

[0031] In this embodiment, a PLC controller (not shown in the figure) is also included. The pressure reducing valve 30, the first pressure sensor 40, the pressure regulating valve 50, the second pressure sensor 60, the flow meter 70, the water pump 104, the radiator 105, the temperature sensor, and the thermoelectric cooler 101 are respectively connected to the PLC controller. The PLC controller processes analog signals such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate to achieve PID intelligent control.

[0032] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A solid state hydrogen storage cylinder hydrogen filling system comprising a high pressure hydrogen gas source (10) characterised in that: The high-pressure hydrogen source (10) is connected in sequence through a hydrogen filling pipeline to a stop valve (20), a pressure reducing valve (30), a first pressure sensor (40), a pressure regulating valve (50), a second pressure sensor (60), a flow meter (70) and a one-way valve (80), the one-way valve (80) is connected to a hydrogen filling port of a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90) through a quick connector, and the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90) is connected to a temperature control module (100).

2. The solid state hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen charging system of claim 1, wherein: The temperature control module (100) comprises a semiconductor refrigeration sheet (101), an outer shell (102), a water tank (103), a water pump (104) and a radiator (105), the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (101) is attached to the outer wall of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90), the outer shell (102) is wrapped outside the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90), the cavity between the outer shell (102) and the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90) forms a circulating water flow channel, and the water outlet of the outer shell (102), the water tank (103), the water pump (104), the radiator (105) and the water inlet of the outer shell (102) are connected in sequence to form a circulating loop.

3. The solid state hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen charging system of claim 2, wherein: The heat absorption end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (101) is attached to the outer wall of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90), and the heat release end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (101) faces outward.

4. The solid state hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen charging system of claim 3, wherein: A temperature sensor is arranged in the outer shell (102), and the temperature sensor is used to detect the water temperature in the outer shell (102).

5. The solid state hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen charging system of claim 4, wherein: A PLC controller is further included, and the pressure reducing valve (30), the first pressure sensor (40), the pressure regulating valve (50), the second pressure sensor (60), the flow meter (70), the water pump (104), the radiator (105) and the temperature sensor are connected to the PLC controller.

6. The solid state hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen charging system of claim 1, wherein: The flow direction of the one-way valve (80) is from the flow meter (70) to the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (90).

Images