Loading device for shear wall
By combining the loading frame and actuator, the problem of preventing horizontal displacement and overturning of specimens in existing loading devices is solved, achieving effective loading and flexible adaptability of shear walls, simplifying the device structure and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520165147.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing loading devices for shear walls in building structures cannot effectively prevent horizontal displacement or overturning of specimens, and require additional reaction frames, which increases the complexity and cost of experimental devices, lacks flexibility, and is difficult to adapt to specimens of different specifications.
The device employs a loading frame, a fixed frame, and horizontal and vertical loading actuators. The horizontal loading actuator applies horizontal force, the vertical loading actuator applies vertical force, and the fixed frame is connected to the loading beam to prevent horizontal displacement or overturning of the specimen and to accommodate shear walls of different sizes.
This method enables effective loading of shear walls, preventing horizontal displacement or overturning of specimens during static tests. It simplifies the device structure, reduces costs, and improves the safety and flexibility of the specimens.
Smart Images
Figure CN223796373U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of construction, specifically relating to a loading device for shear walls. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the loading devices used for quasi-static tests of shear walls in building structures are generally "straight-line" loading beams (named "straight-line" because of their straight shape, mainly used to provide a linear loading path). They can generally only achieve reciprocating loading, that is, applying and withdrawing force in one direction to simulate the horizontal pushing and pulling action that the wall may experience.
[0003] Due to design limitations, the "straight-line" loading beam cannot effectively prevent horizontal displacement or overturning of the specimen, which may lead to out-of-plane failure, i.e., the wall fails in an unexpected direction. (When the wall is subjected to external forces, it fails to resist these forces in the way designed and intended, but fails in other directions or in other forms, such as bending, twisting, or collapsing in the main direction where the force is not applied during testing or actual use.)
[0004] Furthermore, the "straight-line" loading beam typically requires an additional reaction frame to apply horizontal and vertical forces, increasing the complexity and cost of the experimental setup. Moreover, the "straight-line" loading beam is usually custom-lengthened to fit the specific specimen dimensions, lacking flexibility and making it difficult to reuse for specimens of different sizes after the experiment, thus contradicting the concept of recycling. Utility Model Content
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art by providing a loading device for shear walls. The loading device can simultaneously apply horizontal and vertical forces to the specimen and can effectively prevent the specimen from undergoing horizontal displacement or overturning.
[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A loading device for shear walls includes a loading frame, a fixed frame, and a loading mechanism. The loading frame includes a first base, a second base, a horizontally arranged loading beam, and a vertically arranged first loading column and a second loading column. The first base and the second base are respectively fixedly installed on the ground. One end of the first loading column is hinged to the first base, and one end of the second loading column is hinged to the second base. The two ends of the loading beam are respectively hinged to the other ends of the first loading column and the other ends of the second loading column. The loading mechanism includes a horizontal loading actuator and a vertical loading actuator. The horizontal loading actuator is fixedly connected to the loading beam and is used to apply a horizontal force to the loading beam. The vertical loading actuator is installed on the loading beam and is used to apply a vertical force to the fixed frame. The fixed frame is used to fix the specimen and is connected to the loading beam, receiving only the horizontal force transmitted by the loading beam.
[0008] Preferably, the fixed frame includes a top rod, a bottom rod, and side rods on both sides. The top rod, the bottom rod, and the side rods are spliced to form a rectangular frame structure. The specimen is installed inside the rectangular frame structure, and each side of the specimen is fixedly connected to the top rod, the bottom rod, or the side rod.
[0009] Preferably, the two ends of the base rod abut against the first base and the second base, respectively.
[0010] Preferably, both the first loading column and the second loading column include a first long column, a second long column, and a first short column. The first long column and the second long column are arranged in parallel, and a first gap is formed between the first long column and the second long column. The loading beam passes through the first gap, and the upper part of both the first long column and the second long column is fixedly connected to the first short column.
[0011] Preferably, the loading beam includes a first long beam, a second long beam, a first short beam, and a second short beam. The first long beam and the second long beam are arranged in parallel, and a second gap is formed between the first long beam and the second long beam. One end of the first short beam is fixedly connected to one end of the first long beam and the second long beam, respectively, and the other end is connected to a horizontal loading actuator. The second short beam is fixedly connected to the other end of the first long beam and the second long beam.
[0012] Preferably, the loading beam is provided with a plurality of first through holes spaced apart along the horizontal direction, and the first loading column and the second loading column are provided with a plurality of second through holes spaced apart along the vertical direction. The connector passes through the first through holes and the second through holes respectively to realize the hinge connection between the loading beam and the first loading column or the second loading column.
[0013] Preferably, the loading device further includes a first positioning block and a second positioning block, both of which are installed in the second gap and fixedly connected to the loading beam. When the fixed frame is inserted into the second gap, the two sides of the fixed frame abut against the first positioning block and the second positioning block, respectively.
[0014] Preferably, the loading device further includes a vertical loading frame, which includes two first mounting seats that are vertically mounted on the loading beam and a second mounting seat that is horizontally mounted on the first mounting seats. The vertical loading actuator is fixedly mounted on the second mounting seat.
[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the vertical loading actuator is provided with a plurality of slidable rollers, which are in contact with the top of the fixed frame. When the vertical loading actuator applies a vertical force to the fixed frame, the fixed frame can be displaced horizontally relative to the vertical loading actuator.
[0016] Preferably, the loading device further includes a pressure beam, the bottom of which is provided with a groove that matches the cross-section of the base rod, and the pressure beam presses the base rod firmly onto the ground through the groove.
[0017] The loading device for shear walls in this embodiment can simultaneously apply horizontal and vertical forces to the specimen via horizontal and vertical loading actuators, making it suitable for static loading tests of shear walls. The cooperation between the fixed frame and the loading frame effectively prevents horizontal displacement, overturning, and out-of-plane failure of the specimen during the static loading test. The fixed frame and loading frame are easy to assemble, disassemble, and adjust their spacing to accommodate shear walls of different sizes. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the loading device in Embodiment 1;
[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed frame and the loading frame in Embodiment 1;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the loading beam in Example 1;
[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first loading column and the first base or the second loading column and the second base in Embodiment 1;
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed frame and specimen in Example 1;
[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical loading actuator, fixed frame, and specimen in Example 1;
[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure connecting the fixed frame, loading beam, and vertical loading actuator in Embodiment 1;
[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the pressure beam and the fixed frame in Example 1.
[0026] In the diagram: 100-First base, 110-Second base, 120-Loading beam, 121-First long beam, 122-Second long beam, 123-First short beam, 124-Second short beam, 125-Second gap, 126-First perforation, 130-First loading column, 131-First long column, 132-Second long column, 133-First short column, 134-First gap, 135-Second perforation, 140-Second loading column, 150-Horizontal loading actuator, 160-Vertical loading actuator, 200-Specimen, 210-Top rod, 220-Bottom rod, 230-Side rod, 300-First positioning block, 310-Second positioning block, 400-First mounting seat, 410-Second mounting seat, 420-Roller, 500-Pressure beam, 600-Mandrel, 700-Temporary support frame, 800-Lifting beam. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The technical solutions of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of this utility model.
[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "above" and other indications of orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience and simplification of description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0029] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "setting," "installation," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0031] This utility model provides a loading device for shear walls, including a loading frame, a fixed frame, and a loading mechanism. The loading frame includes a first base, a second base, a horizontally arranged loading beam, and a vertically arranged first loading column and a second loading column. The first base and the second base are respectively fixedly installed on the ground. One end of the first loading column is hinged to the first base, and one end of the second loading column is hinged to the second base. The two ends of the loading beam are respectively hinged to the other ends of the first loading column and the other ends of the second loading column. The loading mechanism includes a horizontal loading actuator and a vertical loading actuator. The horizontal loading actuator is fixedly connected to the loading beam and is used to apply a horizontal force to the loading beam. The vertical loading actuator is installed on the loading beam and is used to apply a vertical force to the fixed frame. The fixed frame is used to fix the specimen and is connected to the loading beam, receiving only the horizontal force transmitted by the loading beam.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a loading device for shear walls, including a loading frame, a fixing frame, and a loading mechanism. The loading frame includes a first base 100, a second base 110, a horizontally arranged loading beam 120, and a vertically arranged first loading column 130 and second loading column 140. The first base 100 and the second base 110 are respectively fixedly installed on the ground, arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, with their center lines on the same straight line. One end of the first loading column 130 is hinged to the first base 100, one end of the second loading column 140 is hinged to the second base 110, and both ends of the loading beam 120 are hinged to the other ends of the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140, respectively. The first base 100, the second base 110, the first loading column 130, the second loading column 140, and the loading beam 120 together form a rotatable hinged frame.
[0034] In this embodiment, the loading mechanism includes a horizontal loading actuator 150 and a vertical loading actuator 160 (both the horizontal loading actuator 150 and the vertical loading actuator 160 can be hydraulic cylinders or oil cylinders). The horizontal loading actuator 150 is fixedly connected to the loading beam 120 and is used to apply a horizontal force to the loading beam 120, thereby causing the loading beam 120 to move horizontally, thus applying a horizontal force to the fixed frame and the specimen 200 disposed inside the fixed frame. The vertical loading actuator 160 is mounted on the loading beam 120 and is used to apply a vertical force to the fixed frame, thereby applying a vertical force to the specimen 200 disposed inside the fixed frame. The fixed frame is used to fix the specimen 200 and is connected to the loading beam 120. It only receives the horizontal force transmitted by the loading beam 120, that is, the loading beam 120 cannot transmit a vertical force to the fixed frame.
[0035] like Figure 1 , 5 As shown, the fixed frame includes a top rod 210, a bottom rod 220, and side rods 230 on both sides. The top rod 210, bottom rod 220, and side rods 230 are spliced to form a rectangular frame structure. Specifically, the two side plates are arranged in parallel, and their bottoms are fixedly installed on the bottom rod 220. The two ends of the top rod 210 are respectively fixedly connected to the side rods 230 on both sides, and the tops of the side rods 230 on both sides are higher than the top of the top rod 210, that is, the tops of the side rods 230 on both sides have upwardly extending insertion parts.
[0036] Furthermore, the specimen 200 is installed inside a rectangular frame structure, and each side of the specimen 200 is fixedly connected to the top rod 210, the bottom rod 220, or the side rod 230, respectively.
[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the bottom rod 220 abut against the first base 100 and the second base 110 respectively. The first base 100 and the second base 110 thus limit the bottom rod 220 and prevent the fixed frame from displacing horizontally after receiving the horizontal force transmitted by the loading beam 120.
[0038] like Figure 2 , 4As shown, both the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 include a first long column 131, a second long column 132, and a first short column 133. The first long column 131 and the second long column 132 are arranged in parallel, and a first gap 134 is formed between the first long column 131 and the second long column 132. The loading beam 120 passes through the first gap 134 between the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140. The upper parts of the first long column 131 and the second long column 132 are fixedly connected to the first short column 133. Specifically, there are two first short columns 133, which are arranged in parallel with each other and are fixedly connected to the top and upper part of the first long column 131 and the second long column 132, respectively. The first short columns 133 are used to connect and fix the first long column 131 and the second long column 132 into a whole. The bottoms of the first long column 131 and the second long column 132 are hinged to the through holes on the first base 100 or the second base 110 via the mandrel 600, and the bottoms of the first long column 131 and the second long column 132 are both arc-shaped so that they can rotate relative to the base.
[0039] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the loading beam 120 includes a first long beam 121, a second long beam 122, a first short beam 123, and a second short beam 124. The first long beam 121 and the second long beam 122 are arranged in parallel, and a second gap 125 is formed between them. One end of the first short beam 123 is fixedly connected to one end of the first long beam 121 and the second long beam 122, and the other end is connected to the horizontal loading actuator 150. The second short beam 124 is fixedly connected to the other end of the first long beam 121 and the second long beam 122. The first short beam 123 and the second short beam 124 are used to connect the first long beam 121 and the second long beam 122 into a whole.
[0040] like Figure 1-4 As shown, further, the loading beam 120 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 126 spaced apart along the horizontal direction, and the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 are provided with a plurality of second through holes 135 spaced apart along the vertical direction. Connectors pass through the first through holes 126 and the second through holes 135 respectively to achieve a hinged connection between the loading beam 120 and the first loading column 130 or the second loading column 140. In this embodiment, the first through holes 126 and the second through holes 135 have the same diameter, and the connector is a mandrel 600.
[0041] like Figure 3 , 6As shown in Figure 7, the loading device also includes a first positioning block 300 and a second positioning block 310. Both the first positioning block 300 and the second positioning block 310 are installed within the second gap 125 and are fixedly connected to the loading beam 120. When the fixing frame is inserted into the second gap 125, both sides of the fixing frame abut against the first positioning block 300 and the second positioning block 310, respectively. Specifically, the upper surface of the first positioning block 300 is fixedly connected to the first long beam 121 and the second long beam 122 by bolts. The first positioning block 300 also has an opening in its center, which is aligned with the first through hole 126. A mandrel is inserted sequentially into the first through hole 126 and the opening of the first positioning block 300, thereby more tightly connecting the first positioning block 300 and the loading beam. The second positioning block 310 adopts the same connection method as the first positioning block.
[0042] Specifically, the first positioning block 300 and the second positioning block 310 are spaced apart by a first distance, the length of which is the same as the distance between the outer end faces of the side rods 230 on both sides of the fixed frame. When the insertion part of the side rods 230 on both sides of the fixed frame is inserted into the second gap 125 from bottom to top, the outer end faces of the side rods 230 on both sides abut against the first positioning block 300 and the second positioning block 310 respectively, thereby ensuring that there is no relative horizontal movement between the loading beam 120 and the fixed frame. When the horizontal loading actuator 150 applies a horizontal force to the loading beam 120, The hinged frame structure composed of loading beam 120, first loading column 130, and second loading column 140 deforms. The first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 rotate along their hinge points with the first base 100 and the second base 110. As a result, loading beam 120 moves horizontally and vertically (moving downwards while moving horizontally). Due to the special connection structure between the fixed frame and loading beam 120, loading beam 120 only transmits the horizontal force to the fixed frame, thereby transmitting the horizontal force to specimen 200.
[0043] like Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the loading device also includes a vertical loading frame, which includes two first mounting seats 400 that are vertically mounted on the loading beam 120 and a second mounting seat 410 that is horizontally mounted on the first mounting seats 400. The vertical loading actuator 160 is fixedly mounted on the second mounting seat 410.
[0044] like Figure 7As shown, the bottom of the vertical loading actuator 160 has an extension portion with a width smaller than the second gap 125. When the vertical loading actuator 160 moves downward, the extension portion can extend into the second gap 125, thereby applying a vertically downward force to the fixed frame and the specimen 200. Specifically, the extension portion includes multiple parallel partitions, and a roller 420 is installed between each pair of adjacent partitions. The roller 420 contacts the top of the fixed frame, and when the vertical loading actuator 160 applies a vertical force to the fixed frame, the fixed frame can move in the horizontal direction.
[0045] like Figure 1 , 8 As shown, optionally, the loading device also includes a pressure beam 500. The bottom of the pressure beam 500 is provided with a groove that matches the cross-section of the base rod 220. The pressure beam 500 presses the base rod 220 firmly onto the ground through the groove. Specifically, there are two pressure beams 500, which are respectively installed at both ends of the base rod 220.
[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the fixed frame is also equipped with lifting beams 800 at both ends, which are used for lifting the fixed frame and the specimen 200 during installation.
[0047] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, temporary support frames 700 are provided on both sides of the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 respectively. The temporary support frames 700 are used to support the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 during the installation process. After the installation is completed, the temporary support frames 700 can be removed.
[0048] The installation process of the loading device for the shear wall in this embodiment is as follows:
[0049] First, the first base 100 and the second base 110 are fixedly installed on the ground with bolts, keeping the first base 100 and the second base 110 parallel and aligned.
[0050] Then, the first long column 131 of the first loading column 130 is hoisted above the first base 100, ensuring that the mounting hole below the first long column 131 is aligned with one side of the mounting hole on the base. The mandrel 600 is then inserted, and one end of the temporary support frame 700 is fixed to the ground, while the other end supports the first long column 131. The second long column 132 is then hoisted above the first base 100, ensuring that the mounting hole below the second long column 132 is aligned with the other side of the mounting hole on the base. The mandrel 600 is then inserted into the mounting hole below the second long column 132, and the temporary support frame 700 supports both the first long column 131 and the second long column 132.
[0051] After that, the specimen 200 and the fixed frame are placed close to the first base 100 (the outer end faces of the side plates on both sides of the fixed frame abut against the first base 100 respectively), and the central axis of the specimen 200 must be aligned with the first base 100. The pressure beam 500 is then placed to press the bottom rod 220 of the fixed frame.
[0052] Then install the second base 110 and the second loading column 140 in the same way;
[0053] On the ground, the first long beam 121, the second long beam 122, the first short beam 123, and the second short beam 124 are spliced together to form a loading beam 120. The first mounting base 400 is installed on the loading beam 120. The assembled loading beam 120 is passed through the first gap 134 between the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140. The mandrel 600 is inserted at the position where the first through hole 126 and the second through hole 135 are aligned.
[0054] Then, the first short column 133 is hoisted to the designated position and connected to the first long column 131 and the second long column 132 respectively;
[0055] Install one end of the horizontal loading actuator 150 on the wall and connect the other end to the first short beam 123 (the horizontal loading actuator 150 is bolted to the first short beam 123 and the horizontal loading actuator 150 is hung on the wall with a suspension cable), and adjust the horizontal loading actuator 150 to be at the same height as the loading beam 120.
[0056] The vertical loading actuator and the second mounting base 410 are pre-assembled on the ground. The assembled vertical loading actuator and the second mounting base 410 are then hoisted to the top of the first mounting base 400, and the second mounting base 410 is fixed on the first mounting base 400.
[0057] Finally, lower the vertical loading actuator to the appropriate position and place multiple rollers 420 to ensure they do not fall.
[0058] Once installation is complete, the temporary support frame 700 can be removed.
[0059] Furthermore, if a single specimen 200 is damaged, it needs to be replaced to continue the test. The specimen 200 replacement process in this embodiment is as follows:
[0060] First, temporary support frames 700 are installed on both sides of the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 to prevent the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 from collapsing.
[0061] Remove the connecting bolts between the horizontal loading actuator 150 and the first short beam 123, and apply an upward initial force to the loading beam 120 and the vertical loading actuator 160 as a whole, so that the mandrel 600 connected to the loading beam 120, the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 can be smoothly extracted.
[0062] Continue to lift the loading beam 120 and the vertical loading actuator 160 together, raising them to about two hole positions (600mm), and insert the mandrel 600.
[0063] Then, remove and lift the two bottom pressure beams 500mm away;
[0064] Install lifting beams 800 on both sides of the fixed frame and fix them with bolts. Use a crane to slightly lift the specimen 200 and the fixed frame and move it about 500mm to the side. Remove the lifting beams 800 and then lift it away.
[0065] The new specimen 200 and the fixed frame were hoisted to the bottom of the loading beam 120, and then the hoisting beam 800 was removed.
[0066] Install the pressure beam 500 on the bottom rod 220 of the fixed frame;
[0067] Apply an initial upward force to the loading beam 120 and the vertical loading actuator as a whole, so that the mandrel 600 between the loading beam 120 and the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140 can be smoothly pulled out. Lower the loading beam 120 by two holes (600mm), and then insert the mandrel 600 to connect the loading beam 120 with the first loading column 130 and the second loading column 140.
[0068] The loading device for shear walls in this embodiment can simultaneously apply horizontal and vertical forces to the specimen 200 via a horizontal loading actuator 150 and a vertical loading actuator 160, making it suitable for static load tests on shear walls. The cooperation between the fixed frame and the loading frame effectively prevents horizontal displacement, overturning, and out-of-plane failure of the specimen 200 during the static load test. The fixed frame and the loading frame are easy to assemble, disassemble, and adjust their spacing to accommodate shear walls of different sizes. Furthermore, the specimen 200 is installed inside the fixed frame, which provides a certain degree of protection for the specimen 200, improving safety performance.
[0069] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of this utility model, and the utility model is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A loading device for shear walls, characterized in that, Includes loading frames, fixed frames, and loading mechanisms. The loading frame includes a first base (100), a second base (110), a horizontally arranged loading beam (120), and a vertically arranged first loading column (130) and second loading column (140). The first base (100) and the second base (110) are respectively fixedly installed on the ground. One end of the first loading column (130) is hinged to the first base (100), and one end of the second loading column (140) is hinged to the second base (110). The two ends of the loading beam (120) are respectively hinged to the other ends of the first loading column (130) and the second loading column (140). The loading mechanism includes a horizontal loading actuator (150) and a vertical loading actuator (160). The horizontal loading actuator (150) is fixedly connected to the loading beam (120) and is used to apply a horizontal force to the loading beam (120). The vertical loading actuator (160) is mounted on the loading beam (120) and is used to apply a vertical force to the fixed frame. The fixed frame is used to fix the specimen (200) and is connected to the loading beam (120), and only receives the horizontal force transmitted by the loading beam (120).
2. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed frame includes a top rod (210), a bottom rod (220), and side rods (230) on both sides. The top rod (210), the bottom rod (220), and the side rods (230) are spliced to form a rectangular frame structure. The specimen (200) is installed inside the rectangular frame structure. Each side of the specimen (200) is fixedly connected to the top rod (210), the bottom rod (220), or the side rod (230).
3. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two ends of the base rod (220) abut against the first base (100) and the second base (110), respectively.
4. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first loading column (130) and the second loading column (140) include a first long column (131), a second long column (132), and a first short column (133). The first long column (131) and the second long column (132) are arranged in parallel, and a first gap (134) is formed between the first long column (131) and the second long column (132). The loading beam (120) passes through the first gap (134). The upper parts of the first long column (131) and the second long column (132) are both fixedly connected to the first short column (133).
5. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 4, characterized in that, The loading beam (120) includes a first long beam (121), a second long beam (122), a first short beam (123), and a second short beam (124). The first long beam (121) and the second long beam (122) are arranged in parallel, and a second gap (125) is formed between the first long beam (121) and the second long beam (122). One end of the first short beam (123) is fixedly connected to one end of the first long beam (121) and the second long beam (122), and the other end is connected to the horizontal loading actuator (150). The second short beam (124) is fixedly connected to the other end of the first long beam (121) and the second long beam (122).
6. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 5, characterized in that, The loading beam (120) has a plurality of first through holes (126) spaced apart along the horizontal direction, and the first loading column (130) and the second loading column (140) have a plurality of second through holes (135) spaced apart along the vertical direction. The connector passes through the first through holes (126) and the second through holes (135) respectively to achieve the hinge connection between the loading beam (120) and the first loading column (130) or the second loading column (140).
7. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a first positioning block (300) and a second positioning block (310). The first positioning block (300) and the second positioning block (310) are both installed in the second gap (125) and fixedly connected to the loading beam (120). When the fixed frame is inserted into the second gap (125), the two sides of the fixed frame abut against the first positioning block (300) and the second positioning block (310) respectively.
8. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vertical loading frame, which includes two first mounting seats (400) vertically mounted on the loading beam (120) and a second mounting seat (410) horizontally mounted on the first mounting seats (400), and the vertical loading actuator (160) is fixedly mounted on the second mounting seat (410).
9. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the vertical loading actuator (160) is provided with a plurality of slidable rollers (420), which are in contact with the top of the fixed frame. When the vertical loading actuator (160) applies a vertical force to the fixed frame, the fixed frame can be displaced horizontally relative to the vertical loading actuator (160).
10. The loading device for shear walls according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure beam (500), the bottom of which is provided with a groove that matches the cross-section of the bottom rod (220), and the pressure beam (500) presses the bottom rod (220) firmly onto the ground through the groove.