Automatic grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces
By designing automated grinding equipment and utilizing components such as DD turntables and linear motors to achieve fully closed-loop operation, the automation problem of traditional brittle and hard workpiece grinding equipment has been solved, improving processing accuracy and efficiency, and optimizing equipment structure and space utilization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520439654.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces suffers from problems such as unreasonable equipment structure, inability to achieve closed-loop automated processing, reliance on manual operation, and low processing efficiency, especially in the grinding of internal workpieces where it is difficult to achieve high precision requirements.
An automated grinding equipment including a machine base, workpiece spindle, grinding spindle and moving parts was designed. It adopts a DD rotary table, linear motor and grating ruler to realize fully closed-loop automated operation, optimizes the layout of the X-axis and Z-axis moving devices, and combines grinding head and probe device to realize automated feeding and real-time monitoring and compensation.
It enables automated grinding of brittle and hard workpieces, improving processing accuracy and efficiency. The planar accuracy reaches ±0.002μm, the angular accuracy reaches ±0.02°, the equipment height is reduced to save space and reduce weight, and the movement is more flexible.
Smart Images
Figure CN223811935U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the construction of grinding equipment, in particular to a kind of brittle hard workpiece automation grinding equipment. BACKGROUND
[0002] For the grinding processing of brittle hard workpiece (such as tungsten steel, industrial ceramics and the like), there is its particularity, because its processing difficulty is big, precision requirement is high, using traditional milling equipment or process, cannot satisfy the requirement, must use grinding equipment to cooperate grinding process to carry out grinding processing, to obtain corresponding processing precision. For grinding brittle hard workpiece, especially the grinding processing of workpiece with inner hole, generally include inner diameter, arc, slope and the like component, there is single inner diameter, arc or slope grinding processing, there is also two combinations or three combinations of composite type grinding processing. Traditional grinding equipment generally includes workpiece spindle part, grinding spindle part and movement part;And movement part includes X-axis moving part, Z-axis moving part and workpiece rotating part. Based on traditional grinding equipment, traditional grinding process needs to rely on manual operation, manually adjusts angle using dial, manually carries out X, Z-axis feeding, and after preliminary processing, worker also needs to manually test and compensate, to obtain corresponding grinding processing precision. Traditional grinding equipment and grinding process, there is a series of problems, such as unreasonable equipment structure, unable to realize closed-loop automatic processing, overall processing efficiency is low, dependent on worker professional operation. SUMMARY
[0003] In view of the above shortcomings, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of brittle hard workpiece automation grinding equipment, realize brittle hard workpiece automation grinding processing, its structure is scientific and reasonable, save equipment space, realize closed-loop detection and compensation processing, improve processing efficiency and quality.
[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: a kind of brittle hard workpiece automation grinding equipment, including machine table, workpiece spindle part, grinding spindle part and movement part;The workpiece spindle part includes workpiece spindle assembly and workpiece clamping assembly, the grinding spindle part includes grinding spindle, grinding head device and measuring head device, the movement part includes X-axis moving device, Z-axis moving device and rotating device, the rotating device is set on the left side of machine table, the grinding spindle part is set on rotating device, the Z-axis moving device is transversely set on the right side of machine table and corresponds with rotating device, the X-axis moving device is vertically set on Z-axis moving device, the grinding spindle part is set on X-axis moving device, and corresponds with workpiece spindle part.
[0005] Further, the workpiece spindle assembly comprises a workpiece spindle base, a workpiece spindle and a workpiece spindle driving device, the workpiece spindle is arranged on the workpiece spindle base, the workpiece spindle driving device is connected with the workpiece spindle and drives the workpiece spindle to rotate, and the workpiece spindle driving device comprises a workpiece spindle driving motor, a workpiece spindle driving pulley and a workpiece spindle driving synchronous belt.
[0006] Further, the workpiece clamping assembly comprises a flange plate and a clamping chuck, and the clamping chuck is arranged at the front end of the workpiece spindle through the flange plate.
[0007] Further, the end of the grinding spindle is provided with a detachable mounting structure, and the grinding head device or the measuring head device is detachably arranged at the end of the grinding spindle.
[0008] Further, the Z-axis moving device comprises a Z-axis base, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, a Z-axis grating ruler and a Z-axis linear motor, the X-axis moving device comprises an X-axis base, an X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, an X-axis workbench, an X-axis grating ruler and an X-axis linear motor, the X-axis base is arranged on the Z-axis base through the Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, the Z-axis linear motor drives the X-axis base to move in the Z-axis direction, the Z-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis base in the Z-axis direction, the X-axis workbench is arranged on the X-axis base through the X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, the X-axis linear motor drives the X-axis workbench to move in the X-axis direction, and the X-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis workbench in the X-axis direction.
[0009] Further, the grinding spindle is arranged on the X-axis workbench, and the horizontal height of the axis center of the grinding spindle is consistent with the horizontal height of the axis center of the workpiece spindle.
[0010] Further, the rotating device comprises a DD rotary table and a rotary table connecting plate, and the workpiece spindle is arranged on the DD rotary table through the rotary table connecting plate.
[0011] The utility model has the advantages of the following:
[0012] 1) realize the automatic mechanical operation grinding processing of full closed loop, utilize DD rotary table, linear motor, grating ruler and measuring head device, realize the automatic feeding and real -time monitoring of rotation, Z axis, X axis and the like, realize data feedback and system supplement.
[0013] 2) The structure layout of the X-axis moving device, Z-axis moving device and rotating device is improved, the X-axis moving device and the Z-axis moving device are stacked, the height of the X-axis moving device and the Z-axis moving device is consistent with the corresponding rotating device (DD rotary table), that is, the height of the DD rotary table is equal to the height of the X-axis moving device and the Z-axis moving device, so that the overall height of the equipment is reduced, space is saved, and the weight of the equipment is reduced, because the support frame used for heightening is saved, and the weight of more than 1 ton is saved at least; in addition, the left and right motion layout, the DD rotary table is located on one side and is responsible for rotating adjustment angle, and the X-axis moving device and the Z-axis moving device form a cross module and are located on the other side and cooperate with the DD rotary table, so that the motion is more flexible, and the grinding processing efficiency and precision are improved.
[0014] 3) The brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment can realize automatic grinding processing of one, two or three combinations of inner diameter, arc and slope grinding. Based on the DD rotary table, the linear motor and the corresponding detection feedback measures, the plane processing precision can reach ±0.002 μm, the angle precision can reach ±0.02°, and the arc precision can reach ±0.005°.
[0015] The utility model is further described below in combination with the specific embodiments and the drawings. DRAWINGS
[0016] Fig. 1 It is a whole structure schematic view of the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment.
[0017] Fig. 2 It is a cooperation structure schematic view of the rotating device and the workpiece main shaft part.
[0018] Fig. 3 It is a cooperation structure schematic view of the X-axis moving device, the Z-axis moving device and the grinding main shaft part.
[0019] In the drawings: machine table 1; workpiece main shaft part 2; workpiece main shaft assembly 21; workpiece main shaft seat 211; workpiece main shaft 212; workpiece main shaft sheet metal cover 213; workpiece clamping assembly 22; flange plate 221; clamping chuck 222; grinding main shaft part 3; grinding main shaft 31; grinding head device 32; measuring head device 33; motion part 4; X-axis moving device 41; X-axis base 411; X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 412; X-axis workbench 413; X-axis grating ruler 414; X-axis linear motor 415; Z-axis moving device 42; Z-axis base 421; Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 422; rotating device 43; DD rotary table 431; rotary table connecting plate 432. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of the present application.
[0021] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, inner, outer, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, counterclockwise, clockwise, circumferential, radial, axial, and the like), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition and the like between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.
[0022] In addition, if the embodiments of the present application involve descriptions of "first" or "second" and the like, the descriptions of "first" or "second" and the like are only for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but must be based on the fact that a person skilled in the art can realize it, and when the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.
[0023] Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 The brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment provided by the embodiment comprises a machine table 1, a workpiece spindle part 2, a grinding spindle part 3 and a movement part 4. The workpiece spindle part 2 comprises a workpiece spindle assembly 21 and a workpiece clamping assembly 22. The grinding spindle part 3 comprises a grinding spindle 31, a grinding head device 32 and a measuring head device 33 (the grinding head device 32 and the measuring head device 33 are replaced on the grinding spindle 31 in an automatic or manual manner). The movement part 4 comprises an X-axis moving device 41, a Z-axis moving device 42 and a rotating device 43. The rotating device 43 is arranged on the left side of the machine table 1. The grinding spindle part 3 is arranged above the rotating device 43. The Z-axis moving device 42 is arranged horizontally on the right side of the machine table 1 and corresponds to the rotating device 43. The X-axis moving device 41 is arranged vertically above the Z-axis moving device 42. The grinding spindle part 3 is arranged above the X-axis moving device 41 and corresponds to the workpiece spindle part 2.
[0024] Specifically, the workpiece spindle assembly 21 comprises a workpiece spindle base 211, a workpiece spindle 212 and a workpiece spindle driving device (not shown in the figure), the workpiece spindle 212 is arranged on the workpiece spindle base 211, the workpiece spindle driving device is connected with the workpiece spindle 212 to drive the workpiece spindle 212 to rotate; the workpiece spindle driving device comprises a workpiece spindle driving motor, a workpiece spindle driving pulley and a workpiece spindle driving synchronous belt.
[0025] Of course, the workpiece spindle driving device can also be directly connected and driven by using a motor coupling and other components, but the driving mode of using a motor, a pulley and a belt is more stable and reliable.
[0026] In addition, the workpiece spindle assembly can also comprise a workpiece spindle metal cover 213.
[0027] Specifically, the workpiece clamping assembly 22 comprises a flange plate 221 and a clamping chuck 222, the clamping chuck 222 is arranged at the front end of the workpiece spindle 212 through the flange plate 221.
[0028] Specifically, the end of the grinding spindle 31 is provided with a detachable mounting structure, and the grinding head device 32 or the measuring head device 33 is detachably arranged at the end of the grinding spindle.
[0029] It should be noted that an automatic tool changing device, such as a robot, can be arranged if necessary, so as to realize automatic replacement of the grinding head device 32 or the measuring head device 33.
[0030] Specifically, the Z-axis moving device 42 comprises a Z-axis base 421, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 422, a Z-axis grating ruler and a Z-axis linear motor (not shown in the figure, but similar to the X-axis grating ruler and the X-axis linear motor), the X-axis moving device 41 comprises an X-axis base 411, an X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 412, an X-axis workbench 413, an X-axis grating ruler 414 and an X-axis linear motor 415, the X-axis base 411 is arranged on the Z-axis base 421 through the Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 422, the Z-axis linear motor 415 drives the X-axis base 411 to move in the Z-axis direction, the Z-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis base 411 in the Z-axis direction, the X-axis workbench 413 is arranged on the X-axis base 411 through the X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 412, the X-axis linear motor 415 drives the X-axis workbench 413 to move in the X-axis direction, and the X-axis grating ruler 414 monitors the movement of the X-axis workbench 413 in the X-axis direction.
[0031] Specifically, the grinding spindle 31 is arranged on the X-axis workbench, and the horizontal height of the axis of the grinding spindle 31 is consistent with the horizontal height of the axis of the workpiece spindle 212.
[0032] It should be noted that the grinding process is generally for the cylindrical part of the workpiece, and the axis needs to be kept in the horizontal plane to obtain the corresponding processing accuracy.
[0033] Specifically, the rotating device 43 includes a DD turntable 431 and a turntable connecting plate 432, and the workpiece spindle part 2 is arranged on the DD turntable 431 through the turntable connecting plate 432.
[0034] Specifically, the workpiece spindle part 2 is arranged on the turntable connecting plate 432 through the workpiece spindle seat 211 of the workpiece spindle assembly 21. In addition, the connection can be achieved through a slide rail structure, and the relative position of the workpiece spindle seat 211 on the turntable connecting plate 432 can be adjusted horizontally when necessary. In addition, the DD turntable 431 can realize rotation of positive and negative 90°.
[0035] The brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding process based on the device includes the following steps:
[0036] 1) Set the standard parameters of the workpiece and store them in the control system of the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding device. On the basis of the standard parameters of the workpiece, the allowable error is taken into account as the qualified parameters of the workpiece;
[0037] 2) The workpiece to be machined is clamped on the workpiece clamping assembly of the workpiece spindle assembly, and then the actual parameters of the workpiece to be machined are measured by using the probe device on the grinding spindle, and the actual parameters of the workpiece to be machined are compared with the standard parameters of the workpiece. The amount of grinding required for the inner diameter, arc or slope of the workpiece to be machined is calculated, and the automatic grinding process step is formed;
[0038] 3) The brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding device cooperates with the workpiece spindle part, the grinding spindle part and the movement part according to the automatic grinding process step formed in step 2), and uses the grinding head device on the grinding spindle to automatically grind the workpiece to be machined;
[0039] 4) The workpiece to be machined after automatic grinding is measured by using the probe device on the grinding spindle, and it is judged whether the parameters of the workpiece to be machined at this time meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece;
[0040] 4.1) If the parameters of the workpiece to be machined at this time meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece, no compensation grinding is required, and a qualified workpiece is directly obtained;
[0041] 4.2) If the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time do not meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece, the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time are compared with the standard parameters of the workpiece again, the amount of compensation grinding processing required by the inner diameter, the circular arc or the slope of the workpiece to be processed is calculated, and the automatic compensation grinding processing process step is formed; then, the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment processes the workpiece to be processed according to the automatic compensation grinding processing process step through the cooperation of the workpiece spindle part, the grinding spindle part and the movement part, and uses the grinding head device on the grinding spindle to process the workpiece to be processed.
[0042] The workpiece to be processed after the automatic compensation grinding processing is continuously measured by the measuring head device on the grinding spindle, and it is judged whether the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece; if yes, the qualified workpiece is obtained, and if no, the automatic compensation grinding processing process step is continuously formed, the automatic compensation grinding processing is continuously performed, and the parameters of the workpiece to be processed meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece, and the qualified workpiece is obtained.
[0043] It should be noted that the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding process is an automatic grinding process based on the standard parameters of the workpiece (the design parameters of the workpiece), the actual parameters (the measured parameters of the workpiece) and the qualified parameters of the workpiece (that is, the parameters of the workpiece to be processed to what extent is qualified, that is, the allowable processing error of the workpiece). In this process, the actual parameter measurement, automatic grinding processing, product detection and measurement after processing are performed by the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment. As for generating what specific processing program, for example, how to feed and how much to feed, it will be automatically generated by the system according to the shape and parameters of the workpiece. For example, the programs for processing circular arc and slope are different. The present application mainly protects the process steps of the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding process, and not the specific processing program itself, therefore, the control system for how to generate the specific processing program is not described here.
[0044] Specifically, the automatic grinding processing process step and the automatic compensation grinding processing process step involve one, two or three combinations of inner diameter, circular arc and slope grinding processing, and are repeated multiple times from inside to outside based on the outer end surface of the workpiece. It should be noted that the repeated multiple times from inside to outside based on the outer end surface of the workpiece is a relatively preferred reference for generating the automatic grinding process processing program, but it does not represent the only program generation method. In theory, for example, a workpiece has an inner diameter and a circular arc or a slope, the inner diameter is processed first, and then the circular arc or the slope is processed. This one-by-one processing is also feasible, but in practice, the efficiency and accuracy of such one-by-one processing are not ideal. The repeated multiple times from inside to outside processing method has better efficiency and accuracy.
[0045] Specifically, when the parameter measurement or grinding processing is performed, the corresponding measuring head device or grinding head device is replaced and assembled on the grinding spindle by the mechanical hand device, or the corresponding measuring head device or grinding head device is replaced and assembled on the grinding spindle by manual operation.
[0046] The brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment has scientific and reasonable structure, realizes automatic grinding processing, closed-loop detection and compensation, and improves processing efficiency and quality.
[0047] The equipment aspect is composed of a machine table, a workpiece spindle part, a grinding spindle part and a movement part. The workpiece spindle part includes a workpiece spindle assembly and a workpiece clamping assembly. The workpiece spindle assembly includes a workpiece spindle base, a spindle and a driving device. The workpiece clamping assembly is mounted on the front end of the spindle through a flange. The grinding spindle part includes a grinding spindle, a grinding head and a measuring head device. The spindle end is provided with a detachable structure to mount the grinding head and the measuring head device. The movement part includes X-axis and Z-axis moving devices and a rotating device. The rotating device is arranged on the left side of the machine table. The X-axis and Z-axis moving devices are arranged on the right side. The X-axis is arranged above the Z-axis. The grinding spindle part is arranged on the X-axis moving device and corresponds to the workpiece spindle part. Each device is precisely moved and monitored through a specific structure.
[0048] The process steps are as follows: first, set the workpiece standard parameters and the qualified parameter range. After clamping the workpiece to be processed, the actual parameters are measured by the measuring head device. The grinding amount is obtained by comparing the actual parameters with the standard parameters. The equipment automatically grinds according to the grinding amount. After grinding, the measuring head is used for measurement again. If the measured parameters meet the qualified parameters, the workpiece is qualified. If the measured parameters do not meet the qualified parameters, the compensation grinding amount is calculated, and the workpiece is processed again until the workpiece is qualified. The processing technology involves various combinations of inner diameter, arc and slope grinding. The workpiece outer end surface is used as a reference for repeated processing.
[0049] The utility model has the advantages of obvious: realize full closed loop automatic operation, utilize multiple devices to realize automatic feed, monitoring and data feedback;Optimize device layout, reduce equipment height, save space, reduce weight, improve movement flexibility and processing precision;Can realize various grinding processing combinations, high plane, angle, arc precision.
[0050] The utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, adopts same or approximate technical features with the above-mentioned embodiment of the utility model, and obtains other brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding equipment, and all are within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. An automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces, comprising a machine base, a workpiece spindle section, a grinding spindle section, and a moving part, characterized in that: The workpiece spindle section includes a workpiece spindle assembly and a workpiece clamping assembly. The grinding spindle section includes a grinding spindle, a grinding head device, and a probe device. The moving part includes an X-axis moving device, a Z-axis moving device, and a rotating device. The rotating device is located on the left side of the machine table. The grinding spindle section is located on the turntable device. The Z-axis moving device is horizontally located on the right side of the machine table and corresponds to the rotating device. The X-axis moving device is vertically located on the Z-axis moving device. The grinding spindle section is located on the X-axis moving device and corresponds to the workpiece spindle section.
2. The automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece spindle assembly includes a workpiece spindle seat, a workpiece spindle, and a workpiece spindle drive device. The workpiece spindle is mounted on the workpiece spindle seat, and the workpiece spindle drive device is connected to the workpiece spindle to drive the workpiece spindle to rotate. The workpiece spindle drive device includes a workpiece spindle drive motor, a workpiece spindle drive pulley, and a workpiece spindle drive timing belt.
3. The automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workpiece clamping assembly includes a flange and a clamping chuck, with the clamping chuck positioned at the front end of the workpiece spindle via the flange.
4. The automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the grinding spindle is provided with a detachable mounting structure, and the grinding head device or probe device is detachably mounted at the end of the grinding spindle.
5. The automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving device includes a Z-axis base, a Z-axis guide rail slider assembly, a Z-axis grating ruler, and a Z-axis linear motor. The X-axis moving device includes an X-axis base, an X-axis guide rail slider assembly, an X-axis worktable, an X-axis grating ruler, and an X-axis linear motor. The X-axis base is mounted on the Z-axis base via the Z-axis guide rail slider assembly. The Z-axis linear motor drives the X-axis base to move in the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis base in the Z-axis direction. The X-axis worktable is mounted on the X-axis base via the X-axis guide rail slider assembly. The X-axis linear motor drives the X-axis worktable to move in the X-axis direction. The X-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis worktable in the X-axis direction.
6. The automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grinding spindle is mounted on the X-axis worktable, and the horizontal height of its axis is consistent with the horizontal height of the workpiece spindle.
7. The automated grinding equipment for brittle and hard workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating device includes a DD turntable and a turntable connecting plate, and the workpiece spindle is mounted on the DD turntable via the turntable connecting plate.