Novel automatic grinding equipment
The fully closed-loop automated mechanical operation of the new automated grinding equipment solves the problem that traditional equipment cannot efficiently process brittle and hard workpieces, and realizes high-precision grinding of internal workpieces, improving processing efficiency and accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520439752.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional grinding equipment cannot achieve high-precision automated processing of brittle and hard workpieces, especially the composite grinding of internal hole workpieces, and its reliance on manual operation leads to low efficiency.
A new type of automated grinding equipment is adopted, including a workpiece spindle, a grinding spindle, X-axis and Z-axis moving devices, a DD turntable and a linear motor, to achieve fully closed-loop automated mechanical operation. It is combined with a grating ruler and a probe device for real-time monitoring and compensation grinding.
It achieves high-precision automated grinding of brittle and hard workpieces, with the combined machining accuracy of inner diameter, arc and slope reaching ±0.002μm and ±0.02°, improving processing efficiency and quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN223811936U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the structure of grinding equipment, in particular to a novel automatic grinding equipment. BACKGROUND
[0002] For the grinding processing of brittle and hard workpieces (such as tungsten steel, industrial ceramics, etc.), there are its particularity, because its processing difficulty is big, the precision requirement is high, adopts the traditional milling equipment or the process, cannot satisfy the requirement, must adopt the grinding equipment to cooperate the grinding process to carry out the grinding processing, can obtain the corresponding processing precision. For the grinding of brittle and hard workpieces, especially the grinding processing of workpieces with inner holes, generally includes inner diameter, arc, slope and other components, there is single inner diameter, arc or slope grinding processing, there is also two or three combined compound grinding processing. The traditional grinding equipment generally includes workpiece spindle part, grinding spindle part and movement part; and the movement part includes X-axis moving part, Z-axis moving part and workpiece rotating part. Based on the traditional grinding equipment, the traditional grinding process needs to rely on manual operation, manually adjusts the angle by using the dial, manually feeds X and Z axes, and after preliminary processing, workers also need to manually test and compensate, so as to obtain the corresponding grinding processing precision. The traditional grinding equipment and grinding process have a series of problems such as unreasonable equipment structure, unable to realize closed-loop automatic processing, low overall processing efficiency, and dependence on professional operation of workers. SUMMARY
[0003] In view of the above problems, the utility model aims to provide a novel automatic grinding equipment, which realizes the automatic grinding processing of brittle and hard workpieces, has a scientific and reasonable structure, realizes closed-loop detection and compensation processing, and improves the processing efficiency and quality.
[0004] The utility model discloses a novel automatic grinding equipment, including machine table, workpiece spindle part, grinding spindle part and movement part, the workpiece spindle part includes workpiece spindle assembly and workpiece clamping assembly, the grinding spindle part includes grinding spindle, grinding head device and measuring head device, the movement part includes X-axis moving device, Z-axis moving device, rotating device and pad high support frame, the X-axis moving device, rotating device set up on the left side of machine table, the X-axis moving device is set up on the machine table, the rotating device sets up on the X-axis moving device, the grinding spindle part sets up on the rotating device, the Z-axis moving device, pad high support frame set up on the right side of machine table, the pad high support frame sets up on the machine table, the Z-axis moving device is horizontally arranged on the pad high support frame, and corresponds with the rotating device, the grinding spindle part sets up on the Z-axis moving device, and corresponds with the workpiece spindle part.
[0005] Further, the workpiece spindle assembly comprises a workpiece spindle base, a workpiece spindle and a workpiece spindle driving device, the workpiece spindle is arranged on the workpiece spindle base, the workpiece spindle driving device is connected with the workpiece spindle and drives the workpiece spindle to rotate, and the workpiece spindle driving device comprises a workpiece spindle driving motor, a workpiece spindle driving pulley and a workpiece spindle driving synchronous belt.
[0006] Further, the workpiece clamping assembly comprises a flange plate and a clamping chuck, and the clamping chuck is arranged at the front end of the workpiece spindle through the flange plate.
[0007] Further, the end of the grinding spindle is provided with a detachable mounting structure, and the grinding head device or the measuring head device is detachably arranged at the end of the grinding spindle.
[0008] Further, the X-axis moving device comprises an X-axis base, an X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, an X-axis workbench, an X-axis grating ruler and an X-axis linear motor, the rotating device is arranged on the X-axis workbench, the X-axis workbench is arranged on the X-axis base through the X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, the X-axis linear motor drives the X-axis workbench to move in the X-axis direction, and the X-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis workbench in the X-axis direction.
[0009] Further, the Z-axis moving device comprises a Z-axis base, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, a Z-axis grating ruler, a Z-axis linear motor and a Z-axis workbench, the grinding spindle is arranged on the Z-axis workbench, and the horizontal height of the axis center of the grinding spindle is consistent with the horizontal height of the axis center of the workpiece spindle, the Z-axis workbench is arranged on the Z-axis base through the Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly, the Z-axis linear motor drives the Z-axis base to move in the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the Z-axis base in the Z-axis direction.
[0010] Further, the rotating device comprises a DD rotary table and a rotary table connecting plate, and the workpiece spindle is arranged on the DD rotary table through the rotary table connecting plate.
[0011] The utility model has the following advantages:
[0012] 1) realize the automatic mechanical operation grinding processing of full closed loop. Utilize DD rotary table, linear motor, grating ruler and measuring head device, realize the automatic feeding and real -time monitoring of rotation, Z axis, X axis and the like, realize data feedback and system supplement, carry out compensation grinding processing, obtain qualified product.
[0013] 2) adopt the automatic grinding equipment of the utility model, can realize the automatic grinding processing of one, two or three combinations of inner diameter, arc, slope grinding processing. Based on DD rotary table, linear motor and corresponding detection feedback measures, the plane machining precision can reach ±0.002 μm, the angle precision can reach ±0.02 °, and the arc precision can reach ±0.005 °.
[0014] The utility model is further described below in combination with the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] Fig. 1 It is whole structure schematic diagram of novel automatic grinding equipment;
[0016] Fig. 2 It is cooperation structure schematic diagram of rotating device and workpiece main shaft part;
[0017] Fig. 3 It is cooperation structure schematic diagram of Z axis moving device and grinding main shaft part;
[0018] In the drawing: machine table 1;Workpiece main shaft part 2;Workpiece main shaft assembly 21;Workpiece main shaft base 211;Workpiece main shaft 212;Workpiece main shaft drive device 213;Workpiece main shaft sheet metal cover 214;Workpiece clamping assembly 22;Flange plate 221;Clamping chuck 222;Grinding main shaft part 3;Grinding main shaft 31;Grinding head device 32;Measuring head device 33;Motion part 4;X axis moving device 41;X axis base 411;X axis guide rail sliding block assembly 412;X axis workbench 413;Z axis moving device 42;Z axis base 421;Z axis guide rail sliding block assembly 422;Z axis workbench 423;Rotating device 43;DD turntable 431;Turntable connecting plate 432;Pad high support frame 44. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model and not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the utility model.
[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the utility model involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, counterclockwise, clockwise, circumferential, radial, axial, …), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.
[0021] In addition, if the embodiment of the utility model has the description of "first" or "second", etc., the description of "first" or "second", etc. is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of ordinary skilled in the art, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the protection scope required by the utility model.
[0022] Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 The novel automatic grinding equipment provided by the embodiment comprises a machine table 1, a workpiece spindle part 2, a grinding spindle part 3 and a movement part 4. The workpiece spindle part 2 comprises a workpiece spindle assembly 21 and a workpiece clamping assembly 22. The grinding spindle part 3 comprises a grinding spindle 31, a grinding head device 32 and a measuring head device 33 (the grinding head device 32 and the measuring head device 33 are replaced on the grinding spindle 31 in an automatic or manual manner). The movement part 4 comprises an X-axis moving device 41, a Z-axis moving device 42, a rotating device 43 and a height-raising support frame 44. The X-axis moving device 41 and the rotating device 43 are arranged on the left side of the machine table 1. The X-axis moving device 41 is vertically arranged on the machine table 1. The rotating device 43 is arranged on the X-axis moving device 41. The grinding spindle part 3 is arranged on the rotating device 43. The Z-axis moving device 42 and the height-raising support frame 44 are arranged on the right side of the machine table. The height-raising support frame 44 is arranged on the machine table 1. The Z-axis moving device 42 is transversely arranged on the height-raising support frame 44 and corresponds to the rotating device 43. The grinding spindle part 3 is arranged above the Z-axis moving device 42 and corresponds to the workpiece spindle part 2.
[0023] It should be noted that the so-called Z-axis moving device 42 corresponds to the rotating device 43, and the grinding spindle part 3 corresponds to the workpiece spindle part 2, and one of the cores is to make the rotation axes of the workpiece spindle and the grinding spindle consistent in the horizontal direction during grinding, so that high-precision grinding can be performed. Because the X-axis moving device 41 and the Z-axis moving device 42 are mainly used to adjust the front-back and left-right position movements in the horizontal direction, no special moving device is provided for height adjustment. Of course, a Y-axis moving device can also be provided for vertical height adjustment. However, in the present device, height adjustment in the vertical direction is not necessary at the moment, because more adjustment and control in more directions will have more influence on the machining precision. Therefore, it is sufficient to ensure that the rotation axes of the workpiece spindle and the grinding spindle are consistent in the horizontal direction (at the same height, which is the reason why the supporting frame is used), and then the position relationship between the two is adjusted in the same horizontal direction by the X-axis moving device and the Z-axis moving device.
[0024] Specifically, the workpiece spindle assembly 21 includes a workpiece spindle seat 211, a workpiece spindle 212, and a workpiece spindle driving device 213. The workpiece spindle 212 is arranged on the workpiece spindle seat 211, and the workpiece spindle driving device 213 is connected with the workpiece spindle 212 to drive the workpiece spindle 212 to rotate. The workpiece spindle driving device 213 includes a workpiece spindle driving motor, a workpiece spindle driving pulley, and a workpiece spindle driving synchronous belt.
[0025] Of course, the workpiece spindle driving device can also be directly connected and driven by using a motor coupling and other components. However, the driving mode using a motor, a pulley, and a belt is more stable and reliable.
[0026] In addition, the workpiece spindle assembly 21 can also include a workpiece spindle metal cover 214.
[0027] Specifically, the workpiece clamping assembly 22 includes a flange plate 221 and a clamping chuck 222. The clamping chuck 222 is arranged at the front end of the workpiece spindle 212 through the flange plate 221.
[0028] Specifically, the end of the grinding spindle 31 is provided with a detachable mounting structure, and the grinding head device 32 or the measuring head device 33 is detachably arranged at the end of the grinding spindle.
[0029] It should be noted that an automatic tool changing device, such as a robot, can be provided to automatically replace the grinding head device or the measuring head device.
[0030] Specifically, the X-axis moving device 41 comprises an X-axis base 411, an X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 412, an X-axis workbench 413, an X-axis grating ruler and an X-axis linear motor. The rotating device 43 is arranged on the X-axis workbench. The X-axis workbench 413 is arranged on the X-axis base 411 through the X-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 412. The X-axis linear motor drives the X-axis workbench 413 to move in the X-axis direction. The X-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis workbench 413 in the X-axis direction.
[0031] More specifically, the Z-axis moving device 42 comprises a Z-axis base 421, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 422, a Z-axis grating ruler, a Z-axis linear motor and a Z-axis workbench 423. The grinding spindle 31 is arranged on the Z-axis workbench 423, and the horizontal height of the axis center of the grinding spindle 31 is consistent with the horizontal height of the axis center of the workpiece spindle 212. The Z-axis workbench 423 is arranged on the Z-axis base 421 through the Z-axis guide rail sliding block assembly 422. The Z-axis linear motor drives the Z-axis base 423 to move in the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the Z-axis base 423 in the Z-axis direction.
[0032] More specifically, the rotating device 43 comprises a DD turntable 431 and a turntable connecting plate 432. The workpiece spindle part 2 is arranged on the DD turntable 431 through the turntable connecting plate 432.
[0033] It should be noted that the grinding process is generally for the cylindrical part of the workpiece. During the process, the axis center needs to be kept in the same horizontal plane to obtain the corresponding processing accuracy. The height supporting frame plays a role in raising the Z-axis moving device and the grinding spindle part thereon, so that the grinding spindle of the grinding spindle part and the workpiece spindle of the workpiece spindle part are in the same horizontal plane.
[0034] Specifically, the workpiece spindle part is arranged on the turntable connecting plate through the workpiece spindle seat of the workpiece spindle assembly. In addition, the connection can be realized through a sliding rail structure, and the relative position of the workpiece spindle seat on the turntable connecting plate can be adjusted horizontally when necessary. In addition, the DD turntable can realize rotation of ±90°.
[0035] The brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding process based on the device comprises the following steps:
[0036] 1) Setting the standard parameters of the workpiece and storing them in the control system of the new automatic grinding device. On the basis of the standard parameters of the workpiece, the allowable error is taken into account as the qualified parameters of the workpiece;
[0037] 2) the workpiece clamping assembly clamps the workpiece to be processed on the workpiece spindle assembly, then measures the actual parameters of the workpiece to be processed by the measuring head device on the grinding spindle, compares the actual parameters of the workpiece to be processed with the standard parameters of the workpiece, calculates the amount of grinding processing required for the inner diameter, arc or slope of the workpiece to be processed, and forms an automatic grinding processing process step;
[0038] 3) the new automatic grinding equipment performs automatic grinding processing on the workpiece to be processed by the grinding head device on the grinding spindle according to the automatic grinding processing process step formed in step 2) through the cooperation of the workpiece spindle part, the grinding spindle part and the movement part;
[0039] 4) the workpiece to be processed after automatic grinding processing is measured by the measuring head device on the grinding spindle, and whether the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece is determined;
[0040] 4.1) if the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece, no compensation grinding processing is required, and a qualified workpiece is directly obtained;
[0041] 4.2) if the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time do not meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece, the standard parameters of the workpiece are compared again, the amount of compensation grinding processing required for the inner diameter, arc or slope of the workpiece to be processed is calculated, and an automatic compensation grinding processing process step is formed; then, the new automatic grinding equipment performs automatic compensation grinding processing on the workpiece to be processed by the grinding head device on the grinding spindle according to the automatic compensation grinding processing process step through the cooperation of the workpiece spindle part, the grinding spindle part and the movement part;
[0042] The workpiece to be processed after automatic compensation grinding processing is continuously measured by the measuring head device on the grinding spindle, and whether the parameters of the workpiece to be processed at this time meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece is determined; if yes, a qualified workpiece is obtained, and if no, the automatic compensation grinding processing process step is continuously formed, automatic compensation grinding processing is continuously performed until the parameters of the workpiece to be processed meet the qualified parameters of the workpiece, and a qualified workpiece is obtained.
[0043] It should be noted that the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding process is an automatic grinding process based on the standard parameters of the workpiece (the design parameters of the workpiece), the actual parameters (the measured parameters of the workpiece) and the qualified parameters of the workpiece (that is, the parameters of the workpiece processing to what extent is qualified, that is, the allowable processing error of the workpiece), in the process, the actual parameter measurement, automatic grinding processing, product detection measurement after processing are performed by relying on a new type of automatic grinding equipment. As for generating a specific processing program, for example, how to feed and how much to feed, it will be automatically generated by the system according to the shape and parameters of the workpiece. For example, the programs for processing a circular arc and a slope are different. The present application mainly protects the process steps of the brittle and hard workpiece automatic grinding process, and is not limited to the specific processing program itself, therefore, the control system for generating the specific processing program is not described here.
[0044] Specifically, the automatic grinding processing process steps and the automatic compensation grinding processing process steps involve one, two or three combinations of inner diameter, circular arc and slope grinding processing, and are repeated multiple times from inside to outside with the outer end surface of the workpiece as the reference. It should be noted that the repeated multiple times from inside to outside with the outer end surface of the workpiece as the reference is a preferred reference for generating the automatic grinding process processing program, but it does not represent the only program generation method. In theory, for example, a workpiece has an inner diameter and a circular arc or a slope, the inner diameter is processed first, and then the circular arc or the slope is processed, and this one-by-one processing is also feasible, but in practice, the efficiency and accuracy of such one-by-one processing are not ideal. The efficiency and accuracy of the repeated multiple times from inside to outside are better.
[0045] Specifically, when the parameter measurement or grinding processing is performed, the corresponding measuring head device or grinding head device is replaced and assembled on the grinding spindle by the mechanical hand device, or the corresponding measuring head device or grinding head device is replaced and assembled on the grinding spindle by manual operation.
[0046] The utility model discloses a new type of automatic grinding equipment with scientific and reasonable structure to realize automatic grinding processing, closed-loop detection and compensation and improve processing efficiency and quality.
[0047] The utility model discloses a new type of automatic grinding equipment with scientific and reasonable structure to realize automatic grinding processing, closed-loop detection and compensation and improve processing efficiency and quality.
[0047] The utility model discloses a new type of automatic grinding equipment with scientific and reasonable structure to realize automatic grinding processing, closed-loop detection and compensation and improve processing efficiency and quality.
Claims
1. A novel automated grinding equipment, comprising a machine base, a workpiece spindle section, a grinding spindle section, and a moving part, characterized in that: The workpiece spindle section includes a workpiece spindle assembly and a workpiece clamping assembly. The grinding spindle section includes a grinding spindle, a grinding head device, and a probe device. The moving part includes an X-axis moving device, a Z-axis moving device, a rotating device, and a raised support frame. The X-axis moving device and the rotating device are located on the left side of the machine table. The X-axis moving device is vertically mounted on the machine table. The rotating device is mounted on the X-axis moving device. The grinding spindle section is mounted on the rotating device. The Z-axis moving device and the raised support frame are located on the right side of the machine table. The raised support frame is mounted on the machine table. The Z-axis moving device is horizontally mounted on the raised support frame and corresponds to the rotating device. The grinding spindle section is mounted on the Z-axis moving device and corresponds to the workpiece spindle section.
2. The novel automated grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece spindle assembly includes a workpiece spindle seat, a workpiece spindle, and a workpiece spindle drive device. The workpiece spindle is mounted on the workpiece spindle seat, and the workpiece spindle drive device is connected to the workpiece spindle to drive the workpiece spindle to rotate. The workpiece spindle drive device includes a workpiece spindle drive motor, a workpiece spindle drive pulley, and a workpiece spindle drive timing belt.
3. The novel automated grinding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workpiece clamping assembly includes a flange and a clamping chuck, with the clamping chuck positioned at the front end of the workpiece spindle via the flange.
4. The novel automated grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the grinding spindle is provided with a detachable mounting structure, and the grinding head device or probe device is detachably mounted at the end of the grinding spindle.
5. The novel automated grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis moving device includes an X-axis base, an X-axis guide rail slider assembly, an X-axis worktable, an X-axis grating ruler, and an X-axis linear motor. The rotating device is mounted on the X-axis worktable, which is mounted on the X-axis base via the X-axis guide rail slider assembly. The X-axis linear motor drives the X-axis worktable to move in the X-axis direction, and the X-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the X-axis worktable in the X-axis direction.
6. The novel automated grinding equipment according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving device includes a Z-axis base, a Z-axis guide rail slider assembly, a Z-axis grating ruler, a Z-axis linear motor, and a Z-axis worktable. The grinding spindle is mounted on the Z-axis worktable, and the horizontal height of its axis is consistent with the horizontal height of the workpiece spindle's axis. The Z-axis worktable is mounted on the Z-axis base via the Z-axis guide rail slider assembly. The Z-axis linear motor drives the Z-axis base to move in the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis grating ruler monitors the movement of the Z-axis base in the Z-axis direction.
7. The novel automated grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating device includes a DD turntable and a turntable connecting plate, and the workpiece spindle is mounted on the DD turntable via the turntable connecting plate.