Heat pump system

Abstract

The utility model provides a heat pump system, which comprises a first heat exchange module, a second heat exchange module, a heat exchange module and a heat exchange module, the photovoltaic module is used for photovoltaic power generation; the circulating module is connected with the first heat exchange module; a refrigerant and a functional component are arranged in the circulating module; the second heat exchange module is connected with the circulation module; and the control module controls the first heat exchange module, the functional assembly and the second heat exchange module to exchange heat according to environmental parameters and parameters of the heat pump system, and the technical problem that the temperature of the system is not uniform when the photovoltaic assembly works is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar energy technology, specifically to a heat pump system. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic thermal modules or systems can simultaneously utilize both photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (SP) solar energy. The power generation of crystalline silicon PV modules decreases as their temperature rises; furthermore, high temperatures can affect the lifespan of PV cells. Photovoltaic thermal modules can remove and utilize waste heat during PV power generation. The basic principle of a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system is to utilize the heat generated during PV power generation to improve the energy efficiency of the heat pump system or achieve energy conservation and carbon reduction.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaic (PV) thermal modules can be broadly categorized into two types based on their structure or the type of circulating working fluid: one type involves the refrigerant flowing directly through the PV thermal module and carrying away heat, including common structures such as direct expansion and tube sheet types; the other type involves the coolant flowing through the PV thermal module and carrying away heat to a heat exchanger, with the other side of the heat exchanger connected to a refrigerant circulation module 3. The latter type offers advantages such as stable and reliable system structure and low cost.

[0004] However, due to the large number of heat-generating and heat-storing components in photovoltaic thermal modules, uneven temperature distribution among these components can easily occur, resulting in energy waste. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a heat pump system to solve the technical problem of uneven system temperature caused by photovoltaic modules during operation in related technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A heat pump system is provided, comprising:

[0007] A first heat exchange module is provided with a photovoltaic module; the photovoltaic module is used to absorb solar energy.

[0008] A circulation module is connected to the first heat exchange module; the circulation module contains refrigerant and functional components.

[0009] The second heat exchange module is connected to the circulation module;

[0010] The control module controls the heat exchange of the first heat exchange module, the functional components, and the second heat exchange module based on environmental parameters and the parameters of the heat pump system.

[0011] Furthermore, the first heat exchange module includes:

[0012] A first heat storage component, wherein a first heat exchange medium is provided inside the first heat storage component;

[0013] The first heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first heat storage component and the photovoltaic module; the first heat exchange pipeline is equipped with a first regulating pump for adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid in the first heat exchange pipeline.

[0014] Furthermore, the first heat exchange module includes a first supplementary pipeline, which is connected to the first heat storage component to introduce the first heat exchange working fluid into the first heat storage component.

[0015] Furthermore, the second heat exchange module includes:

[0016] The second heat storage component is provided with a second heat exchange medium.

[0017] The second supplementary pipeline is connected to the second heat storage component to introduce the second heat exchange medium into the second heat storage component.

[0018] Furthermore, the loop module includes:

[0019] The second heat exchange pipeline is connected to the first heat exchange module, and the second heat exchange pipeline is connected to the second heat exchange module;

[0020] A control valve is used to control the flow direction of the working fluid in the second heat exchange pipeline.

[0021] Furthermore, the loop module includes:

[0022] The compressor is installed on the second heat exchange pipeline;

[0023] The evaporator is connected to the second heat exchange pipeline;

[0024] The condenser is connected to the second heat exchange pipeline.

[0025] Furthermore, the second heat exchange pipeline includes:

[0026] A heating pipeline, one end of which is connected to the first heat exchange module; the other end of which is connected to the second heat exchange module; and a compressor is installed on the heating pipeline.

[0027] A return pipeline, one end of which is connected to the first heat exchange module and the other end of which is connected to the second heat exchange module.

[0028] Furthermore, the control valve includes:

[0029] A first control valve is installed on the heating pipeline and is located upstream of the compressor.

[0030] The second control valve is installed on the return pipeline;

[0031] The evaporator inlet is connected to the second control valve; the evaporator outlet is connected to the first control valve.

[0032] Furthermore, the control valve includes a third control valve, which is disposed on the heating pipeline and located downstream of the compressor; the inlet of the condenser is connected to the third control valve, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the return pipeline.

[0033] Furthermore, the loop module includes:

[0034] A heat exchange branch, one end of which is connected to the first control valve, and the other end of which is connected to the third control valve; a second regulating pump is provided on the heat exchange branch; and / or

[0035] A throttling component is installed on the return pipe.

[0036] Furthermore,

[0037] The environmental parameters include ambient temperature, radiance, and wind speed; and / or,

[0038] The system parameters include the working fluid flow rate and working fluid temperature within the heat pump system; and / or,

[0039] The control module includes a first temperature sensor disposed on the first heat exchange module and a second temperature sensor disposed on the second heat exchange module.

[0040] Beneficial effects:

[0041] This invention relates to a heat pump system where, when the photovoltaic module generates electricity, the absorbed solar heat is carried away through a working fluid circulation loop and stored in a low-grade heat storage component (first heat exchange module). This component further serves as one of the evaporators in the refrigerant circulation module. The heat absorbed by the refrigerant is then compressed and heated to enter a high-grade heat storage component (second heat exchange module), which produces the hot water needed by the user. The use of two heat storage components, one high-grade and one low-grade, achieves three benefits: firstly, it accommodates the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module, simplifies the control system, and improves reliability; secondly, it reduces heat loss from the low-grade heat storage component, contributing to improved system energy efficiency; and thirdly, it enhances the flexibility and functionality of the high-grade heat storage component, minimizing its impact from the low-grade component and solving the technical problem of uneven system temperature caused by the photovoltaic module during operation. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the heat pump system used in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange pipeline of the heat pump system used in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the heat pump system used in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0045] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0046] 1. First heat exchange module; 12. First heat storage component; 13. First heat exchange pipeline; 14. First regulating pump; 15. First supplementary pipeline; 2. Photovoltaic module; 3. Circulation module; 31. Second heat exchange pipeline; 311. Heating pipeline; 312. Return pipeline; 313. Heat exchange branch; 32. Throttling component; 33. Second regulating pump; 4. Functional components; 41. Compressor; 42. Evaporator; 43. Condenser; 5. Second heat exchange module; 51. Second heat storage component; 52. Second supplementary pipeline; 61. First control valve; 62. Second control valve; 63. Third control valve; 71. First temperature sensor; 72. Second temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] See Figures 1 to 3 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat pump system is provided, comprising: a first heat exchange module 1, wherein a photovoltaic module 2 is disposed on the first heat exchange module 1; the photovoltaic module 2 is used for photovoltaic power generation; a circulation module 3 is connected to the first heat exchange module 1; the circulation module 3 is provided with a refrigerant and a functional component 4; a second heat exchange module 5 is connected to the circulation module 3; and a control module, wherein the control module controls the first heat exchange module 1, the functional component 4, and the second heat exchange module 5 to exchange heat according to environmental parameters and parameters of the heat pump system.

[0049] With the above configuration, when the photovoltaic modules generate electricity, the absorbed solar thermal energy is carried away through the working fluid circulation loop and stored in the low-grade heat storage component (first heat exchange module 1), which further serves as one of the evaporators in the refrigerant circulation module 3. The heat absorbed by the refrigerant is compressed and heated to enter the high-grade heat storage component (second heat exchange module 5), which generates the hot water required by the user. Using two heat storage components, one high-grade and one low-grade, achieves three benefits: firstly, it accommodates the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules, simplifies the control system, and improves reliability; secondly, it reduces the heat loss of the low-grade heat storage component, helping to improve system energy efficiency; and thirdly, it enhances the flexibility and functionality of the high-grade heat storage component, making it less affected by the low-grade heat storage component and solving the technical problem of uneven system temperature caused by the photovoltaic modules during operation.

[0050] In the heat pump system of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The first heat exchange module 1 includes: a first heat storage component 12, in which a first heat exchange working fluid is disposed; a first heat exchange pipeline 13, which is connected to the first heat storage component 12 and connected to the photovoltaic module 2; and a first regulating pump 14 for regulating the flow rate of the working fluid in the first heat exchange pipeline 13 is disposed on the first heat exchange pipeline 13.

[0051] In this way, by controlling the first regulating pump 14, the flow rate of the working fluid in the first heat exchange pipeline 13 is adjusted, thereby controlling the heat exchange rate between the photovoltaic module 2 and the first heat storage component 12, so as to adjust the temperature uniformity of the system.

[0052] See Figures 1 to 3 In the heat pump system of this embodiment, the first heat exchange module 1 includes a first supplementary pipeline 15, which is connected to the first heat storage component 12 to introduce the first heat exchange working fluid into the first heat storage component 12.

[0053] With the above configuration, the temperature level of the first heat exchange medium is reduced by introducing it into the first heat storage component 12.

[0054] See Figures 1 to 3 In the heat pump system of this embodiment, the second heat exchange module 5 includes: a second heat storage component 51, in which a second heat exchange medium is disposed; and a second supplementary pipeline 52, which is connected to the second heat storage component 51 to introduce the second heat exchange medium into the second heat storage component 51.

[0055] With the above configuration, the temperature level of the second heat storage component 51 is reduced by introducing the first heat exchange medium into it.

[0056] In the heat pump system of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The circulation module 3 includes: a second heat exchange pipeline 31, which is connected to the first heat exchange module 1 and the second heat exchange module 5; and a control valve, which is used to control the flow direction of the working fluid in the second heat exchange pipeline 31.

[0057] By adopting the above settings, a control valve is set to control the flow direction of the working fluid in the second heat exchange pipeline 31, thereby exchanging heat in different parts and adjusting the temperature uniformity of the system.

[0058] See Figures 1 to 3 In the heat pump system of this embodiment, the circulation module 3 includes: a compressor 41, which is disposed on the second heat exchange pipeline 31; an evaporator 42, which is connected to the second heat exchange pipeline 31; and a condenser 43, which is connected to the second heat exchange pipeline 31.

[0059] With the above configuration, the heat pump system includes photovoltaic (photothermal) modules, two sets of liquid-based heat storage components of different grades (operating temperatures), as well as refrigerant circulation components and compressor bypass components, enriching the flow path of the working fluid.

[0060] In the heat pump system of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The second heat exchange pipeline 31 includes: a heating pipeline 311, one end of which is connected to the first heat exchange module 1; the other end of which is connected to the second heat exchange module 5; a compressor 41 disposed on the heating pipeline 311; and a return pipeline 312, one end of which is connected to the first heat exchange module 1, and the other end of which is connected to the second heat exchange module 5.

[0061] The above setup ensures that the working fluid exchanges heat between the three modules.

[0062] See Figures 1 to 3 In the heat pump system of this embodiment, the control valve includes: a first control valve 61, which is disposed on the heating pipeline 311 and located upstream of the compressor 41; and a second control valve 62, which is disposed on the return pipeline 312; wherein the inlet of the evaporator 42 is connected to the second control valve 62; and the outlet of the evaporator 42 is connected to the first control valve 61.

[0063] With the above settings, the evaporator 42 can be controlled to participate in heat exchange by means of a control valve, thereby meeting the needs of different operating conditions.

[0064] In the heat pump system of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The control valve includes a third control valve 63, which is installed on the heating pipeline 311 and is located downstream of the compressor 41. The inlet of the condenser 43 is connected to the third control valve 63, and the outlet of the condenser 43 is connected to the return pipeline 312.

[0065] With the above settings, the condenser 43 can be controlled to participate in heat exchange by means of a control valve, thereby meeting the needs of different operating conditions.

[0066] In the heat pump system of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The circulation module 3 includes: a heat exchange branch 313, one end of which is connected to the first control valve 61, and the other end of which is connected to the third control valve 63; a second regulating pump 33 is provided on the heat exchange branch 313; and / or a throttling component 32 is provided on the return pipeline 312.

[0067] With the above settings, the compressor 41 can be controlled to participate in heat exchange via the control valve, thereby meeting the needs of different operating conditions.

[0068] In the heat pump system of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The environmental parameters include ambient temperature, radiance, and wind speed; and / or, the system parameters include the working fluid flow rate and working fluid temperature within the heat pump system; and / or, the control module includes a first temperature sensor 71 disposed on the first heat exchange module 1 and a second temperature sensor 72 disposed on the second heat exchange module 5.

[0069] With the above settings, the control module can adjust the working status of the compressor 41, pump and valves according to the current environmental parameters (temperature, irradiance, wind speed, etc.) and system parameters (working fluid flow rate, temperature, etc.) with the goal of maximizing system energy efficiency.

[0070] The basic structure of the scheme described in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. During operation, the photovoltaic module 2 absorbs solar heat and circulates the waste heat through a first heat exchange medium, storing it in the first heat storage component 12. This process is driven by a first regulating pump 14. The photovoltaic heat exchange medium can be a liquid medium with antifreeze as its main component, such as a mixture of deionized water and ethylene glycol. The first heat exchange medium can be a solution with the same or different media as the photovoltaic heat exchange medium, depending on the actual situation. As the photovoltaic heat exchange medium continuously stores waste heat in the first heat storage component 12, its temperature will gradually become consistent with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 2. Considering the influence of environmental heat dissipation, under optimal conditions, this temperature value should not exceed the ambient temperature by too much (e.g., below 10 degrees Celsius). Otherwise, it may lead to a large amount of heat dissipation from the first heat storage component 12 to the environment, thus affecting the system's energy efficiency. However, in extreme cases (high heat generation but low heat consumption), it is permissible for the first heat storage component 12 and the photovoltaic module 2 to reach higher temperatures simultaneously. Alternatively, the first heat exchange medium can be added to the container to lower its temperature level. The low-temperature difference design between the first heat storage component 12 and the environment under normal circumstances also helps to simplify the structural design of the photovoltaic thermal module. The control system will adjust the working state of the first regulating pump 14 in a timely manner according to the ambient temperature, photovoltaic power generation, and the temperature of the first heat exchange medium. Although temperature measurement points can be designed on the photovoltaic module 2 to directly adjust the speed of the first regulating pump 14 according to temperature changes, the temperature non-uniformity may be significant due to the large photovoltaic irradiation area, making it impossible to accurately obtain the true temperature of the module. In addition, the extensive use of temperature sensors will also lead to increased costs.

[0071] The working process of the heat pump system in this embodiment is as follows: The control system continuously compares the rate of change of irradiance and power generation of the components between the current moment and the previous moment. When the change in irradiance is higher than the change in power generation (when the increase in irradiance is higher than the increase in power generation), it can be determined that the component temperature has risen significantly and cooling should be carried out in time, and the speed of the first regulating pump 14 should be increased. In other cases, the speed of the first regulating pump 14 can be kept unchanged.

[0072] When the photovoltaic module 2 is not generating electricity (e.g., at night), although the solar thermal energy generated during the day is stored in the first heat storage unit 12, whether the refrigerant circulation module 3 at the back end draws heat from the first heat storage unit 12 depends on the energy consumption at the back end. The second heat storage unit 51 is a high-grade hot water tank for the end user. Considering user experience, the time from system startup to producing hot water at the user's specified temperature should be shortened as much as possible, ideally achieving instant heating. To this end, at least the actual temperature and flow rate of the second heat storage unit 51 should be detected, and the refrigerant system's operation should be adjusted according to the set outlet water temperature. When the actual temperature of the second heat storage unit 51 is lower than the set outlet water temperature, the refrigerant system will start operating at maximum power. If the temperature of the first heat storage unit 12 is not lower than the ambient temperature, the refrigerant will flow through the first heat storage unit 12 at maximum flow rate through the action of the first, second, and third control valves, and after passing through the compressor, enter the second heat storage unit 51 to release heat and quickly raise the outlet water temperature. If the temperature of the first heat storage component 12 is lower than the ambient temperature, the refrigerant must flow through the evaporator 42 at maximum flow rate to absorb heat energy from the air and release it into the second heat storage component 51. In actual design, considering that the heat exchange efficiency between the refrigerant and the liquid medium is higher than that between the refrigerant and air, there may be a situation where the temperature of the first heat storage component 12 is slightly lower than the ambient temperature, but all or most of the refrigerant still flows through the first heat storage component 12 instead of the evaporator 42. When the actual temperature of the second heat storage component 51 reaches the set outlet water temperature, the refrigerant system begins to maintain the heating effect at an appropriate power. In some cases, such as when the total heat consumption is very low, or when the component operating temperature is high during the day (the temperature of the first heat storage component 12 is high), or when operating under humid and hot conditions (the set outlet water temperature of the second heat storage component 51 is low), the temperature of the first heat storage component 12 may be higher than the temperature of the second heat storage component 51. In this case, the first, second, and third control valves can be activated to allow the refrigerant to flow through the second regulating pump 33 (bypass compressor) at maximum flow rate, reducing system power consumption and directly exchanging heat between the high and low temperature heat sources.

[0073] In actual installation, the capacity of the first heat storage component 12 should be increased as much as possible according to the scale of the photovoltaic thermal module 2, so that as much solar thermal energy as possible can be collected, while reducing the temperature difference between the first heat storage component 12 and the environment. The second heat storage component 51 can be installed inside the user's house, and its capacity is designed to match the household hot water consumption.

[0074] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0075] Optionally, specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0076] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0077] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A heat pump system, characterized in that, include: A first heat exchange module (1) is provided with a photovoltaic module (2); the photovoltaic module (2) is used to absorb solar energy; A circulation module (3) is connected to the first heat exchange module (1); the circulation module (3) contains a refrigerant and a functional component (4). The second heat exchange module (5) is connected to the circulation module (3); The control module controls the first heat exchange module (1), the functional component (4), and the second heat exchange module (5) to exchange heat according to environmental parameters and the parameters of the heat pump system.

2. The heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heat exchange module (1) includes: The first heat storage component (12) is provided with a first heat exchange medium; The first heat exchange pipeline (13) is connected to the first heat storage component (12) and the first heat exchange pipeline (13) is connected to the photovoltaic module (2); a first regulating pump (14) for regulating the flow rate of the working fluid in the first heat exchange pipeline (13) is provided on the first heat exchange pipeline (13).

3. The heat pump system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first heat exchange module (1) includes a first supplementary pipeline (15), which is connected to the first heat storage component (12) to introduce the first heat exchange medium into the first heat storage component (12).

4. The heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heat exchange module (5) includes: The second heat storage component (51) is provided with a second heat exchange medium. The second supplementary pipeline (52) is connected to the second heat storage component (51) to introduce the second heat exchange medium into the second heat storage component (51).

5. The heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loop module (3) includes: The second heat exchange pipeline (31) is connected to the first heat exchange module (1) and the second heat exchange pipeline (31) is connected to the second heat exchange module (5); A control valve is used to control the flow direction of the working fluid in the second heat exchange pipeline (31).

6. The heat pump system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The loop module (3) includes: The compressor (41) is installed on the second heat exchange pipeline (31); Evaporator (42) is connected to the second heat exchange pipeline (31); The condenser (43) is connected to the second heat exchange pipeline (31).

7. The heat pump system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second heat exchange pipeline (31) includes: A heating pipeline (311) is provided, one end of which is connected to the first heat exchange module (1); the other end of which is connected to the second heat exchange module (5); and the compressor (41) is installed on the heating pipeline (311). A return pipe (312) is provided, one end of which is connected to the first heat exchange module (1), and the other end of which is connected to the second heat exchange module (5).

8. The heat pump system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control valve includes: The first control valve (61) is disposed on the heating pipeline (311) and is located upstream of the compressor (41); The second control valve (62) is disposed on the return line (312); The inlet of the evaporator (42) is connected to the second control valve (62); the outlet of the evaporator (42) is connected to the first control valve (61).

9. The heat pump system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control valve includes a third control valve (63), which is located on the heating pipeline (311) and downstream of the compressor (41). The inlet of the condenser (43) is connected to the third control valve (63), and the outlet of the condenser (43) is connected to the return pipeline (312).

10. The heat pump system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The loop module (3) includes: A heat exchange branch (313), one end of which is connected to the first control valve (61), and the other end of which is connected to the third control valve (63); a second regulating pump (33) is provided on the heat exchange branch (313); and / or, A throttling component (32) is provided on the return pipe (312).

11. The heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental parameters include ambient temperature, radiance, and wind speed; and / or, The system parameters include the working fluid flow rate and working fluid temperature within the heat pump system; and / or, The control module includes a first temperature sensor (71) disposed on the first heat exchange module (1) and a second temperature sensor (72) disposed on the second heat exchange module (5).

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