Battery pack thermal runaway test system

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery pack thermal runaway testing system, which is used for testing thermal runaway of a battery pack and comprises a battery cell sample, a battery pack thermal runaway testing device and a battery pack thermal runaway testing device. The explosion-proof box is provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating a battery cell sample; the heating plate is arranged on the large surface of at least one battery cell so as to heat the battery cell to trigger thermal runaway of the battery cell; the temperature adjusting device is arranged on the outer side of the explosion-proof box so as to adjust the environment temperature of the explosion-proof box; the expansive force collecting device can be used for collecting the expansive force when the battery cell sample is in thermal runaway; and the charging and discharging device is electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell sample so as to control charging and discharging of the battery cell sample. The battery pack thermal runaway test system provided by the utility model can improve the test effect of battery thermal runaway.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to battery test technical field, especially relate to a battery pack thermal runaway test system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Thermal runaway phenomenon, as one of the main causes of power battery safety accidents in the field of new energy vehicles, its potential risks and influences are increasingly prominent, which has aroused the high vigilance and deep concern of automobile manufacturers and power battery manufacturers. Under the urgent need to ensure product safety and reliability, not only in the research and development design stage, high standard technical specifications and quality control should be strictly implemented, but also in the subsequent verification test link, the relevant requirements are increasingly strict and fine.

[0003] During the charging operation and dynamic driving process of the automobile, the risk of thermal runaway significantly increases due to the interlaced action of multiple factors such as current fluctuation, temperature change, external environmental influence, etc. The widely used thermal runaway test device can simulate the thermal reaction behavior of the battery under certain conditions to a certain extent, but its limitation lies in focusing on the simulation environment in the static state. Although this static test is helpful for preliminary evaluation of the thermal management performance and safety threshold of the battery, it is difficult to comprehensively and truly reflect the actual performance of the power battery in the complex and changeable actual application scene of the vehicle, which is not conducive to improving the test effect of the battery thermal runaway test system. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the utility model aims at providing a battery pack thermal runaway test system to improve the test effect of the battery thermal runaway test system.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

[0006] A battery pack thermal runaway test system for testing the thermal runaway of a battery pack, the test system comprising:

[0007] A cell sample comprising a plurality of series-connected cells;

[0008] An explosion-proof box having a containing cavity for containing the cell sample;

[0009] A heating plate arranged on the large face of at least one of the cells to heat the cells and trigger thermal runaway of the cells;

[0010] A temperature adjusting device arranged outside the explosion-proof box to adjust the ambient temperature of the explosion-proof box;

[0011] An expansion force collecting device capable of collecting the expansion force of the cell sample during thermal runaway;

[0012] A charging and discharging device is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery cell sample to control the charging and discharging of the battery cell sample.

[0013] Further, the temperature sensor is arranged on the pole and the large surface of each battery cell.

[0014] Further, the expansion force collecting device comprises expansion force sensors arranged on each side of the battery cell sample, and a high-temperature-resistant coating is arranged on the expansion force sensors.

[0015] Further, the explosion-proof box comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a wire outlet hole and a pressure relief valve; the upper shell is assembled on the lower shell through a connecting piece, and the wire outlet hole and the pressure relief valve are arranged on the upper shell.

[0016] Further, a fire filter net is arranged on the pressure relief valve.

[0017] Further, the explosion-proof box further comprises a first sealing member and a second sealing member; the first sealing member is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell to seal the gap between the upper shell and the lower shell; and the second sealing member is arranged on the wire outlet hole to seal the gap between the wire outlet hole and the wire harness.

[0018] Further, the test system further comprises a gas collecting device, which is communicated with the explosion-proof box to collect the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell sample.

[0019] Further, the gas collecting device comprises a gas collecting port communicated with the explosion-proof box, a gas storage unit communicated with the gas collecting port, and an electronic valve arranged between the gas collecting port and the gas storage unit.

[0020] Further, the gas storage unit is a gas cylinder, and an electronic valve is arranged between the gas cylinder and the gas collecting port.

[0021] Further, the temperature adjusting device comprises a heating unit, a refrigeration unit and an air outlet; the heating unit and the refrigeration unit are both communicated with the air outlet, the air outlets are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the explosion-proof box, and the air outlets are all arranged towards the explosion-proof box.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0023] The battery pack thermal runaway test system, through the setting of the battery cell sample as the sample of the actually used battery cell, improves the safety of the test through the setting of the explosion-proof box, and can simulate the actual battery pack shell, through the setting of the temperature adjusting device, is beneficial to simulate the environmental temperature where the battery pack works, through the charging and discharging device, can simulate the thermal runaway condition in the charging and discharging process under the use state of the battery pack, can realize thermal runaway test under multiple environments and working conditions, has simple structure, and is beneficial to design and implementation.

[0024] In addition, through the setting of the temperature sensor, it is beneficial to monitor the temperature change of each pole and the large surface of the battery cell during the thermal runaway test, and it is beneficial to improve the test effect. The surface of the expansion force sensor is covered with a high-temperature resistant coating, which is beneficial to the accurate monitoring of the change of the expansion force of the expansion force sensor during thermal runaway, and is beneficial to design and implementation. The explosion-proof box comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a wire outlet hole and a pressure relief valve, which is beneficial to the actual battery pack shell, and has simple structure, which is beneficial to design and implementation. Through the setting of the fire filter net, the intervention of external air can be prevented, which is beneficial to improve the safety of the test, and is beneficial to design and implementation. Through the setting of the first sealing element, the sealing effect between the upper shell and the lower shell can be improved, and through the setting of the second sealing element, the sealing effect at the wire outlet hole can be improved, thereby helping to improve the accuracy of the test result, and the structure is simple, which is beneficial to design and implementation.

[0025] In addition, through the setting of the gas collecting device, the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell sample can be collected and stored in the gas storage unit, which is beneficial to subsequent inspection of the gas composition; through the setting of the electronic valve, the opening and closing of the gas collecting device can be adjusted, the structure is simple, and it is beneficial to design and implementation. The gas storage unit is a gas storage cylinder, and an electronic valve is arranged on the gas storage cylinder, which helps to collect the gas in different time periods by adjusting the on-off of the electronic valve, thereby facilitating subsequent analysis of the gas composition in different time periods, and improving the test effect of the thermal runaway test. Through the cooperation of the heating unit and the refrigeration unit with the air outlet, the environmental temperature of the thermal runaway test can be adjusted, the temperature of the working environment of the battery pack can be simulated, the structure is simple, and it is beneficial to design and implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings that form a part of the present application serve to provide a further understanding of the present application, and the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their description serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 The battery pack thermal runaway test system described in the embodiments of the present application is a structural schematic diagram;

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] 1, battery cell sample;

[0030] 101, the electric core;

[0031] 2, the explosion-proof box;

[0032] 201, the wire hole; 202, the pressure relief valve;

[0033] 3, the heating plate;

[0034] 4, the temperature adjusting device;

[0035] 401, the heating unit; 402, the refrigeration unit; 403, the air outlet;

[0036] 5, the expansion force collecting device;

[0037] 501, the expansion force sensor;

[0038] 6, the charging and discharging device;

[0039] 7, the gas collecting device;

[0040] 701, the gas inlet; 702, the gas storage unit; 703, the electronic valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the embodiments in the utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0042] In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that if the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "inner", "outer" appear, it is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as the limitation of the utility model. In addition, if the terms such as "first", "second" appear, they are also used for the description purpose, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] Taking the explosion-proof box where the electric core sample described in the utility model is located as an example, the orientation words such as "up, down, left, right, front, back" used in the embodiments are defined based on the up-down direction (also called height direction), left-right direction (also called width direction) and front-back direction (also called length direction) of the explosion-proof box. "Inner, outer" is defined based on the contour of the corresponding component, for example, "inner" and "outer" are defined based on the contour of the explosion-proof box, the side close to the middle of the explosion-proof box is "inner", and vice versa.

[0044] Furthermore, in the description of the utility model, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting", "connecting piece" should be broadly understood. For example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrally connected. It can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected. It can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the communication between two elements. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood in combination with specific circumstances.

[0045] The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0046] Embodiment one

[0047] The embodiment relates to a battery pack thermal runaway test system, so as to optimize the battery pack thermal runaway test system, and improve the test effect of the battery pack thermal runaway test system.

[0048] As a whole, as shown in Figure 1 The battery pack thermal runaway test system in the embodiment is used for testing the thermal runaway of the battery pack, and the test system comprises a battery sample 1, an explosion-proof box 2, a heating plate 3, a temperature adjusting device 4, an expansion force collecting device 5 and a charging and discharging device 6.

[0049] The battery sample 1 comprises a plurality of series-connected battery cells 101, the explosion-proof box 2 has a containing cavity for containing the battery sample 1, the heating plate 3 is arranged on the large face of at least one battery cell 101, so that the battery cell 101 can be heated to trigger the thermal runaway of the battery cell 101, the temperature adjusting device 4 is arranged outside the explosion-proof box 2, so as to adjust the ambient temperature of the explosion-proof box 2, the expansion force collecting device 5 can collect the expansion force of the battery sample 1 when the battery sample 1 is in thermal runaway, and the charging and discharging device 6 is electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery sample 1 through a wire harness, so as to control the charging and discharging of the battery sample 1.

[0050] As arranged above, the battery pack thermal runaway test system in the embodiment uses the battery sample 1 as the sample of the actually used battery cell 101, the safety of the test is improved by arranging the explosion-proof box 2, the actual battery pack shell can be simulated, the environmental temperature in which the battery pack works can be simulated by arranging the temperature adjusting device 4, the thermal runaway condition in the charging and discharging process of the battery pack in the use state can be simulated by the charging and discharging device 6, the thermal runaway test under various environments and working conditions can be realized, the structure is simple, and the design and implementation are facilitated.

[0051] Specifically, in the present embodiment, as an exemplary structure, the pole of each battery cell 101 of the battery cell sample 1 of the battery thermal runaway test system in the present embodiment and the large face of the battery cell 101 are each provided with a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor in the present embodiment may, for example, be a temperature sensor capable of being used in a high-temperature environment in the prior art. Through the provision of the temperature sensor, the temperature change of each pole and the large face of the battery cell 101 can be monitored during the thermal runaway test, and the test effect can be improved.

[0052] In order to better monitor the expansion force change of the battery cell sample 1, the expansion force acquisition device 5 in the present embodiment includes expansion force sensors 501 arranged on each side of the battery cell sample 1. The expansion force sensors 501 are provided with a high-temperature-resistant coating, so that the expansion force sensors 501 are provided with a high-temperature-resistant coating on the surface, which is conducive to the accurate monitoring of the expansion force change of the expansion force sensors 501 during thermal runaway, and is conducive to design and implementation.

[0053] Specifically, the expansion force sensors 501 in the present embodiment are arranged on each side of the battery cell sample 1. After the expansion force sensors 501 are arranged, the expansion force sensors 501 are fastened on each side of the battery cell sample 1 by a steel cable tie.

[0054] In order to better approach the actual state of the battery pack, the explosion-proof box 2 in the present embodiment includes an upper shell, a lower shell, a wire outlet hole 201 and a pressure relief valve 202. The upper shell is assembled on the lower shell by a connecting piece. The wire outlet hole 201 and the pressure relief valve 202 are both arranged on the upper shell. The explosion-proof box 2 includes the upper shell, the lower shell, the wire outlet hole 201 and the pressure relief valve 202, which is conducive to approaching the real battery pack shell and has a simple structure, which is conducive to design and implementation. Of course, the wire outlet hole 201 and the pressure relief valve 202 can also be arranged on the upper shell and the lower shell respectively. The number of wire outlet holes 201 and pressure relief valves 202 can be one, two or three, as long as the needs of the thermal runaway test are met. In the present embodiment, the wire harness of the heating plate 3, the temperature adjusting device 4, the expansion force acquisition device 5 and the charge and discharge device 6 is connected to the explosion-proof box 2 through the wire outlet hole 201.

[0055] In the present embodiment, the pressure relief valve 202 is further provided with a fire filter net. The provision of the fire filter net can prevent the intervention of external air, which is conducive to improving the safety of the test and conducive to design and implementation. The fire filter net in the present embodiment may, for example, be a fire filter net used on a battery pack in the prior art.

[0056] In order to better seal effect, the explosion-proof box 2 in the embodiment further includes a first seal and a second seal, wherein the first seal is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell to seal the gap between the upper shell and the lower shell, and the second seal is arranged on the wire outlet hole 201 to seal the gap between the wire outlet hole 201 and the wire harness. Through the arrangement of the first seal, the sealing effect between the upper shell and the lower shell can be improved. Through the arrangement of the second seal, the sealing effect at the wire outlet hole 201 can be improved, thereby helping to improve the accuracy of the test result, and the structure is simple and beneficial to design and implementation.

[0057] In addition, the test system in the embodiment further includes a gas collecting device 7, which is communicated with the explosion-proof box 2 to collect the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell sample 1.

[0058] Specifically, the gas collecting device 7 in the embodiment includes a gas collecting port 701 communicated with the explosion-proof box 2, a gas storage unit 702 communicated with the gas collecting port 701, and an electronic valve 703 arranged between the gas collecting port 701 and the gas storage unit 702. The gas collecting port 701 is communicated with the pressure relief valve 202 to facilitate the collection of the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell sample 1 through the pressure relief valve 202. Through the arrangement of the gas collecting device 7, the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell sample 1 can be collected and stored in the gas storage unit 702, which is beneficial to subsequent inspection of the gas composition. Through the arrangement of the electronic valve 703, the opening and closing of the gas collecting device 7 can be adjusted, and the structure is simple and beneficial to design and implementation. The electronic valve 703 in the embodiment may, for example, be an electromagnetic valve in the prior art that can be used to control the opening and closing of the gas circuit. Of course, other electronic valve structures that can control the opening and closing of the gas circuit in the prior art are also available.

[0059] In more detail, the gas storage unit 702 is a gas cylinder, and the electronic valve 703 is arranged on the gas cylinder, which helps to collect the gas at different time periods by adjusting the opening and closing of the electronic valve 703, thereby facilitating subsequent analysis of the gas composition at different time periods and improving the test effect of the thermal runaway test.

[0060] In addition, in order to better simulate the working environment of the battery pack, the battery pack thermal runaway test system in the embodiment further includes a temperature adjusting device 4 including a heating unit 401, a refrigeration unit 402 and air outlets 403, wherein the heating unit 401 and the refrigeration unit 402 are both communicated with the air outlets 403, the air outlets 403 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the explosion-proof box 2, and the air outlets 403 are all arranged to blow air towards the explosion-proof box 2, so that hot air or cold air can be blown towards the explosion-proof box 2 through the air outlets 403. Through the cooperation of the heating unit 401 and the refrigeration unit 402 with the air outlets 403, the ambient temperature of the thermal runaway test can be adjusted to simulate the temperature of the working environment of the battery pack, and the structure is simple and beneficial to design and implementation.

[0061] Specifically, the refrigeration unit 402 and the heating unit in the embodiment are both connected with the air outlet 403 through pipelines, the number of the air outlet 403 can be four for example, the four air outlets 403 are arranged in four directions of the explosion-proof box 2 respectively, and the air outlets 403 are connected through pipelines, and the uniform arrangement of the air outlets 403 is conducive to better simulating the ambient temperature of the battery pack, thereby improving the test effect of the test system.

[0062] In use, the battery pack thermal runaway test system of the embodiment first arranges the battery cells 101 in sequence, sets the heating plate 3 on a large face of a preset thermal runaway battery cell 101, sets the temperature sensor on the pole and the large face of each battery cell 101, combines the battery cells 101 into a battery cell sample 1, sets the expansion force sensor 501 on each side of the battery cell sample 1, fixes the expansion force sensor 501 through the steel cable, places the battery cell sample 1 in the lower shell of the explosion-proof box 2, connects the wiring harness on the battery cell sample 1 and each sensor and the heating plate 3 through the wire hole 201, buckles the upper shell on the lower shell, arranges the air outlet 403 around the explosion-proof box 2, arranges the gas collecting port 701 near the pressure relief valve 202, adjusts the ambient temperature according to the test requirement, adjusts the electronic valve 703 to collect the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 101 after the test starts.

[0063] The battery pack thermal runaway test system in the embodiment can realize thermal runaway test under various environments and working conditions by simulating the working environment of the battery pack and the thermal runaway condition in the charging and discharging process under the use state of the battery pack, and has simple structure, which is conducive to improving the test effect of the thermal runaway test system.

[0064] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery pack thermal runaway test system for testing of battery pack thermal runaway, characterized in that, The test system comprises: a battery cell sample comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series; an explosion-proof box having a receiving cavity for receiving the battery cell sample; a heating plate arranged on a large surface of at least one of the battery cells to heat the battery cell to trigger thermal runaway of the battery cell; a temperature adjusting device arranged outside the explosion-proof box to adjust the ambient temperature of the explosion-proof box; an expansion force collecting device capable of collecting the expansion force of the battery cell sample during thermal runaway of the battery cell sample; a charging and discharging device electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell sample to control the charging and discharging of the battery cell sample.

2. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 1, wherein: temperature sensors are arranged on the pole and large surface of each battery cell.

3. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 2, wherein: the expansion force collecting device comprises expansion force sensors arranged on each side surface of the battery cell sample, and a high-temperature-resistant coating is arranged on the expansion force sensors.

4. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 1, wherein: the explosion-proof box comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a wire outlet hole, and a pressure relief valve; the upper shell is assembled on the lower shell by a connecting piece, and the wire outlet hole and the pressure relief valve are arranged on the upper shell.

5. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 4, wherein: a fire filter net is arranged on the pressure relief valve.

6. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 4, wherein: the explosion-proof box further comprises a first sealing member and a second sealing member; the first sealing member is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell to seal the gap between the upper shell and the lower shell; the second sealing member is arranged on the wire outlet hole to seal the gap between the wire outlet hole and the wire harness.

7. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 1, wherein: the test system further comprises a gas collecting device in communication with the explosion-proof box to collect the gas generated during thermal runaway of the battery cell sample.

8. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 7, wherein: the gas collecting device comprises a gas collecting port in communication with the explosion-proof box, a gas storage unit in communication with the gas collecting port, and an electronic valve arranged between the gas collecting port and the gas storage unit.

9. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to claim 8, wherein: the gas storage unit is a gas cylinder, and an electronic valve is arranged between the gas cylinder and the gas collecting port.

10. The battery pack thermal runaway test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the temperature adjusting device comprises a heating unit, a refrigeration unit, and an air outlet; the heating unit and the refrigeration unit are both in communication with the air outlet, the air outlet is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the explosion-proof box, and the air outlet is arranged towards the explosion-proof box.

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