Drilling pressure gauge capable of sensing size and direction of weighting

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of mine pressure monitoring, and particularly discloses a borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure, which comprises a stress sensing and collecting part for sensing stress and an anchor rod combined with the stress sensing and collecting part, the anchor rod comprises a front section part and a rear section part, and the front section part and the rear section part are in threaded connection with the stress sensing and collecting part; the stress sensing and collecting part comprises a force transmission structure and a force collecting structure, and the force transmission structure is used for transmitting force to the force collecting structure; the device provided by the utility model has the capability of sensing the direction of a pressure source, and can reversely derive the stress direction according to the stress condition, so that support measures can be taken in a targeted manner, and the safety risk is effectively reduced; in structure monitoring, the direction of external force can be determined, and an important basis is provided for stability evaluation and reinforcement of the structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of mine pressure monitoring, in particular to a borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the size and direction of the coming pressure. BACKGROUND

[0002] The mining depth of domestic mine resources is gradually moving down, and the mining depth of some mines is far more than one thousand meters. With the increase of mining depth, the engineering geology and ore body occurrence conditions are increasingly complex. The "three high and one disturbance" (high stress, high temperature, high water pressure and strong mining disturbance) has a significant impact on mine mining operations. Effective sensing and utilization of ground pressure and prevention of disasters have become one of the main problems faced by mines in the future.

[0003] It is caused by sudden release of high stress, which is manifested as large-area instantaneous roof caving, large-area instantaneous surrounding rock stripping and rock block ejection. Its occurrence conditions are complex and its occurrence is occasional. Once it occurs, it will cause huge personnel and property losses and have a bad social impact.

[0004] It is caused by slow release of high stress, which is manifested as increased convergence of two sides, progressive collapse of pillars and floor heave. This disaster is more significant and common, and it occurs in almost every mine in production. Its occurrence and development are concealed, and the consequences are equally disastrous if left unchecked.

[0005] The current ground pressure monitoring method is based on the plane theory, which can only obtain qualitative monitoring results or local quantitative monitoring results with poor accuracy, and cannot accurately perceive the direction of the coming pressure and obtain the value of the coming pressure source.

[0006] Monitoring equipment such as borehole stress gauges and water-filled anchor rods can only obtain the size of the coming pressure source, and it is difficult to realize direction sensing, resulting in a large difference between the monitoring results and the actual situation, and poor guiding effect on mine construction design.

[0007] Some monitoring results need to be analyzed later to obtain data that can be used by mine technical personnel, which has a lag and complexity in guiding the mine. Based on this, the utility model provides a borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the size and direction of the coming pressure. Utility model content

[0008] In view of the deficiency of the prior art, the utility model provides a borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the size and direction of the coming pressure, which solves the problem that the pressure detection in the prior art can only measure the size of the pressure source and cannot perceive the direction of the pressure source.

[0009] The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the size and direction of the coming pressure of the utility model comprises a stress sensing and collecting part for sensing stress and an anchor rod combined with the stress sensing and collecting part.

[0010] The anchor rod comprises a front section and a rear section, and the front section and the rear section are respectively connected with the stress sensing collecting part through threads;

[0011] The stress sensing collecting part comprises a force transmission structure and a force collecting structure, and the force transmission structure is used for transmitting force to the force collecting structure;

[0012] The force collecting structure comprises a multi-groove steel rod and a pressure-sensitive resistor sheet, the pressure-sensitive resistor sheet is arranged at the multi-groove steel rod, cooperates with a steel needle of the force transmission structure, changes resistance, and then obtains the pressure size through digital-analog conversion.

[0013] As a further improvement of the utility model, the inside of the front section is hollowly arranged, and through holes are arranged at both ends, a through protrusion is arranged at the outside of the through hole away from the stress sensing collecting part, and a collecting wire is arranged.

[0014] As a further improvement of the utility model, the force transmission structure comprises an elastic steel ring, an elastic steel body and a steel needle, the elastic steel ring is sleeved on the multi-groove steel rod, and a fixed interval is kept between the elastic steel ring and the multi-groove steel rod.

[0015] As a further improvement of the utility model, the inside of the elastic steel ring is provided with the elastic steel body, and one end of the elastic steel body is connected with the steel needle.

[0016] As a further improvement of the utility model, the elastic steel body is arranged in a half-ellipse shape, and one or more elastic steel bodies are arranged in a ring array around the multi-groove steel rod as a shaft.

[0017] As a further improvement of the utility model, one end of the steel needle is covered with a rubber layer, and one end of the rubber layer is in contact with the pressure-sensitive resistor sheet.

[0018] As a further improvement of the utility model, one or more grooves are arranged in a ring array on the outside of the multi-groove steel rod, and the pressure-sensitive resistor sheet is arranged in the groove.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects as follows:

[0020] The equipment has the ability to perceive the direction of the pressure source, can inversely deduce the stress direction according to the stress condition, and thus targeted support measures can be taken to effectively reduce the safety risk.

[0021] And the size of the pressure source can be accurately obtained, and the accuracy of force size measurement is further improved through multi-line arrangement and multi-force inversion, and the overall design of the device is small and flexible, which makes it easy to arrange and use in different application scenarios. Whether in a narrow space or a complex environment, it can be easily installed and operated, and will not be affected by space limitations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and serve to explain the principles of the application, and do not constitute improper limitations on the application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the size and direction of the pressure of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the stress sensing and collecting part of the borehole pressure gauge of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the stress sensing and collecting part of the borehole pressure gauge of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a stress sensing schematic diagram;

[0027] Figure 5 is a stress decomposition diagram.

[0028] In the drawings: 1, front section; 2, rear section; 3, stress sensing and collecting part; 4, collecting line; 5, elastic steel ring; 6, elastic steel body; 7, steel needle; 8, multi-groove steel bar; 9, pressure-sensitive resistor sheet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will disclose several embodiments of the present application through figures. For clear description, many details on the actual object will be described in the following description. However, it should be understood that these details on the actual object should not be used to limit the present application. That is, in some embodiments of the present application, these details on the actual object are unnecessary. In addition, for the purpose of simplifying the figures, some conventional structures and components will be shown in a simple schematic manner in the figures.

[0030] In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of ordinary skilled personnel in the art. When the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, nor is it within the protection scope required by the present application.

[0031] Please refer to Figures 1-3The borehole pressure gauge provided in this application, which can sense the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure, includes a stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 for sensing stress and an anchor rod combined with the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3.

[0032] The anchor bolt includes a front section 1 and a rear section 2, which are respectively connected to the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 via threads;

[0033] The stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 includes a force transmission structure and a force acquisition structure. The force transmission structure is used to transmit force to the force acquisition structure.

[0034] The force acquisition structure includes a multi-groove steel rod 8 and a varistor 9. The varistor 9 is located at the multi-groove steel rod 8 and works with the steel needle 7 of the force transmission structure to change the resistance, thereby obtaining the pressure magnitude through digital-to-analog conversion.

[0035] The force transmission structure is a metal disk with steel needles 7. When the mine pressure acts on the anchor bolt, the force is first transmitted to the metal disk of the force transmission structure. The metal disk concentrates the force and transmits it to the steel needles 7, whose tips are in direct contact with the force acquisition structure.

[0036] The multi-channel steel rod 8 in the force acquisition structure can be made of high-strength channel steel. The number and size of the channel steel are designed according to the measurement range and accuracy requirements of the pressure gauge. The piezoresistive element 9 is installed at a specific position on the multi-channel steel rod 8, and the piezoresistive element 9 corresponds to the steel needle 7.

[0037] When the steel needle 7 presses the multi-groove steel rod 8 under the action of force, the multi-groove steel rod 8 will undergo a slight deformation. This deformation will cause the resistance value of the varistor 9 to change. The resistance change of the varistor 9 is transmitted to the digital-to-analog converter through the wire. The digital-to-analog converter converts the resistance change into a digital signal, which is then processed to obtain the magnitude of the pressure.

[0038] To detect the direction of incoming pressure, multiple force acquisition structures can be evenly distributed along the circumference of the stress sensing acquisition unit 3. Each force acquisition structure corresponds to a specific direction. When ground pressure acts in the mine, the force acquisition structures in different directions will produce different resistance changes according to the magnitude of the pressure. By comparing the pressure data in each direction, the direction of the incoming pressure can be determined.

[0039] The pressure data output from the digital-to-analog converter is transmitted wirelessly to the mine monitoring center. At the monitoring center, specialized data processing software is installed to analyze and process the received pressure data in real time. By plotting pressure change curves and creating pressure distribution maps, the software visually displays the magnitude and direction of changes in mine ground pressure. Simultaneously, the software can set pressure thresholds; when the pressure exceeds the threshold, an alarm is automatically issued to remind staff to take appropriate measures. It should be noted that this method of transmitting pressure data output from the digital-to-analog converter to the mine monitoring center via wireless transmission for early warning is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon in this solution.

[0040] Borehole pressure gauges can not only accurately sense the magnitude of incoming pressure, but also effectively determine the direction of incoming pressure. Compared with traditional pressure gauges that can only measure the magnitude of pressure, they can provide more comprehensive and accurate ground pressure information for mining operations, helping technicians to better understand the distribution and variation patterns of ground pressure in mines.

[0041] By setting up multiple force acquisition structures in the circumferential direction to achieve directional sensing, the pressure gauge can monitor the ground pressure in different directions of the mine in real time, which greatly improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring.

[0042] The anchor bolt features a design where the front section 1 and the rear section 2 are connected to the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 via threads, facilitating installation and disassembly. In actual mine use, if the pressure gauge malfunctions or requires maintenance, the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 can be quickly removed from the anchor bolt for inspection or replacement, reducing maintenance time and costs.

[0043] The rational combination of the force transmission structure and the force acquisition structure can effectively transmit and accurately collect ground pressure. The force transmission structure concentrates the force and transmits it to the force acquisition structure, ensuring the accuracy and stability of pressure measurement.

[0044] The design of the varistor 9, combined with a digital-to-analog converter, enables rapid conversion of pressure changes into digital signals, achieving real-time acquisition and transmission of pressure data. The data is then transmitted wirelessly to the monitoring center, where software analyzes and processes the data in a timely manner, providing mine technicians with timely ground pressure information.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 The inner side of the front section 1 is hollow, and both ends are provided with through holes. A through protrusion extends outward from the through hole at the end away from the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3, and a acquisition line 4 is installed thereon. The rear section 2 is provided with a solid rod body.

[0046] When preparing to install the borehole pressure timer at the mine site, the hollow design of the inner side of the front section 1 provides space for laying various lines. Before installation, the front section 1 is inspected to ensure that its hollow interior is free of debris and that the diameter of the through holes at both ends meets the design requirements to ensure that the lines can pass through smoothly.

[0047] For the protrusion extending outward from the through hole at one end away from the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3, when installing the acquisition line 4, first pass one end of the acquisition line 4 through the hollow interior of the front section 1 and out from the protrusion. The acquisition line 4 can be a cable with good flexibility and anti-interference to ensure accurate transmission of the acquired stress data.

[0048] The rear section 2 is a solid rod. During installation, the rear section 2 is tightly connected to the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 via threads. Because the rear section 2 is solid, it has high strength and stability. When the entire borehole pressure gauge is installed in the mine borehole, the rear section 2 can serve as a support, extending deep into the bottom of the borehole to provide a stable foundation for the entire pressure gauge.

[0049] After connecting the front section 1 and rear section 2 to the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3, slowly lower the entire borehole pressure gauge into the pre-drilled hole in the mine. During insertion, ensure the pressure gauge remains vertical to prevent the acquisition line 4 of the front section 1 from being squeezed or damaged. After insertion, test the acquisition line 4 by connecting it to the monitoring equipment to check if it can normally acquire and transmit stress data. If data transmission is abnormal, promptly check the connection of the acquisition line 4 and the correct installation of all parts of the pressure gauge.

[0050] The hollow design of the inner side of the front section 1 provides a good protective space for the acquisition line 4, preventing damage from external factors such as rock compression and friction during installation and use. This helps extend the service life of the acquisition line 4 and ensures stable transmission of stress data.

[0051] The raised design facilitates the installation and fixation of the acquisition line 4, and also provides a relatively independent outlet for the acquisition line 4, reducing interference with other components and improving the accuracy of data transmission.

[0052] The solid rod design of the rear section 2 enhances the stability of the entire borehole pressure gauge. In complex mining environments, it can withstand greater pressure and external forces without easily swaying or shifting, thus ensuring that the pressure gauge can accurately detect stress changes.

[0053] The rear section 2 serves as a support part, extending deep into the bottom of the borehole and tightly integrated with the borehole wall, further enhancing the stability of the entire pressure gauge and improving the reliability of the measurement results.

[0054] The front section 1 and the rear section 2 are connected to the stress sensing and acquisition section 3 via threads, making the installation and disassembly of the entire pressure gauge very convenient. When maintenance or replacement of parts is required, the various parts can be quickly separated, reducing maintenance time and costs. The acquisition line 4 is fixed to the front section 1 by a protrusion, facilitating inspection and replacement in case of problems, thus improving maintenance efficiency.

[0055] Please see Figures 1-3 The force transmission structure includes an elastic steel ring 5, an elastic steel body 6, and a steel needle 7. The elastic steel ring 5 is sleeved on the multi-groove steel bar 8 and maintains a fixed distance from the multi-groove steel bar 8.

[0056] An elastic steel body 6 is provided on the inner side of the elastic steel ring 5, and a steel needle 7 is connected to one end of the elastic steel body 6.

[0057] The elastic steel body 6 is arranged in a semi-elliptical shape, and there are one or more of them, which are distributed in a ring array with the multi-channel steel bar 8 as the axis.

[0058] One end of the steel needle 7 is covered with a rubber layer, and one end of the rubber layer is in contact with the varistor 9.

[0059] The outer side of the multi-groove steel rod 8 has one or more grooves arranged in a ring array, which are adapted to the varistor sheet 9.

[0060] When ground pressure acts on the anchor bolt, the force is first transmitted to the elastic steel ring 5. The elastic steel ring 5 deforms under pressure, and this deformation is transmitted to the steel needle 7 through the elastic steel body 6. Because the elastic steel body 6 is semi-elliptical, it effectively converts the deformation of the elastic steel ring 5 into pressure on the varistor 9 from the steel needle 7. The rubber layer at one end of the steel needle 7 acts as a buffer and distributes the force evenly, preventing excessive compression or damage to the varistor 9. When subjected to pressure, the resistance of the varistor 9 changes. This resistance change signal is transmitted to a digital-to-analog converter via a connecting wire, thus obtaining the magnitude of the pressure. Ground pressure from different directions will cause varying degrees of deformation and pressure on the elastic steel body 6 and steel needle 7 at different locations, resulting in different resistance changes in the varistor 9 at the corresponding locations. By analyzing the resistance changes of each varistor 9, the direction and magnitude of the applied pressure can be determined.

[0061] Specific work process:

[0062] First, drill a suitable hole, then assemble the front section 1 and rear section 2 of the anchor rod body with the stress sensing and acquisition unit 3 to form a complete anchor rod. Extend the acquisition line 4 through the hole in the front section 1 of the anchor rod body. Install the anchor rod into the drilled hole; its use is the same as that of a normal anchor rod.

[0063] When a large stress concentration occurs again after the surrounding rock has reached equilibrium, the elastic steel ring 5 will be displaced by the force. The function of the elastic steel ring 5 is, on the one hand, to fix the semi-elliptical elastic steel body 6 and the rubber-coated steel needle 7, and on the other hand, to collect the force. The function of the semi-elliptical elastic steel body 6 is to gather the dispersed force inward and form a fixed direction.

[0064] The steel needle 7 is mainly used to transmit force to the acquisition device. The steel needle 7 acts on the varistor 9. Since the varistor 9 is located in the multi-groove steel rod 8, the varistor 9 generates different resistances by sensing different pressures. At the acquisition end, the analog signal is formed through digital-to-analog conversion to obtain the stress magnitude in different directions.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, when a stress change occurs in a certain direction, a force Fa outside the equilibrium force appears. Fa passes through the elastic steel ring 5, the semi-elliptical elastic steel body 6, the steel needle 7, and the varistor 9 to obtain four forces F1, F2, F3, and F4 in that direction. Through force decomposition, we obtain... Figure 5 From the stress decomposition diagram, we obtain Fax = F1 + F2x + F3x, Fay = F1 + F2y + F3y, and tanβ = Fay / Fax. This gives us the magnitude and direction of the force in the two-dimensional plane. If we install another anchor at an adjacent location and set the stress sensing acquisition unit 3 at different locations, we can continue to obtain the magnitude and direction of the force in the three-dimensional direction. Therefore, we can achieve a more accurate perception of the direction and magnitude of the pressure source.

[0066] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this utility model should be included within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure, comprising a stress sensing and acquisition unit (3) for sensing stress and an anchor rod combined with the stress sensing and acquisition unit (3); Its features are: The anchor bolt includes a front section (1) and a rear section (2), which are respectively connected to the stress sensing and acquisition unit (3) by threads; The stress sensing and acquisition unit (3) includes a force transmission structure and a force acquisition structure, wherein the force transmission structure is used to transmit force to the force acquisition structure; The force acquisition structure includes a multi-groove steel rod (8) and a pressure-sensitive resistor (9). The pressure-sensitive resistor (9) is located at the multi-groove steel rod (8) and works with the steel needle (7) of the force transmission structure to change the resistance, thereby obtaining the pressure magnitude through digital-to-analog conversion.

2. The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the front section (1) is hollow, and through holes are opened at both ends. A through protrusion extends outward from the through hole at the end away from the stress sensing and acquisition part (3), and an acquisition line (4) is installed thereon. The rear section (2) is a solid rod.

3. The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force transmission structure includes an elastic steel ring (5), an elastic steel body (6), and a steel needle (7). The elastic steel ring (5) is sleeved on the multi-groove steel rod (8) and maintains a fixed distance from the multi-groove steel rod (8).

4. The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure according to claim 3, characterized in that: An elastic steel body (6) is provided on the inner side of the elastic steel ring (5), and a steel needle (7) is connected to one end of the elastic steel body (6).

5. The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic steel body (6) is semi-elliptical in shape, and there are one or more of them arranged in a ring array with the multi-groove steel bar (8) as the axis.

6. The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the steel needle (7) is covered with a rubber layer, and one end of the rubber layer is in contact with the varistor (9).

7. The borehole pressure gauge capable of sensing the magnitude and direction of incoming pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the multi-groove steel rod (8) is provided with one or more grooves in a ring array, and the grooves are adapted to the varistor sheet (9).

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